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Journal articles on the topic 'Pinus sp. forest'
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1
Tantsyrev, Nikolai V., Seyed Omid Reza Shobairi, Vladimir A. Usoltsev, et al. "Geographical Peculiarities of Pinus sibirica Du Tour Natural Regeneration as Related to its Seed Crops." Current World Environment 19, no. 1 (2024): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.10.
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Forest ecology faces a significant challenge in understanding the dynamics of populations of forest-forming trees during their renewal phase, as it shapes the subsequent development and structure of forest ecosystems. The forest regeneration process relies on the dynamics of the seed yield of the woody plants and the unique characteristics of their distribution. In the case of the Cembrae sp. five-needled pines belonging, which have wingless seeds, their renewal is closely linked to the activities of Nucifraga sp. birds that scatter the seeds to create food reserves in the soil. This research aims to explore the geographical variations of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) natural regeneration as a function of seed abundance. This study was conducted in three Russian mountain regions known for their forests predominated by Pinus sibirica: the Aldan Highlands, the Northern Urals, and the Khamar-Daban Mountains. It was discovered that each region exhibited distinct patterns in both cone yields and Pinus sibirica regeneration. The fluctuations in the thin-billed nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm C. L.) populations during the seed harvest season, influenced by the nature of the seed production dynamics in each region, we believed to play a major role in the quantity of Pinus sibirica seedlings appearing in the subsequent year. These findings explain the observed variations in the renewal dynamics of annual emergent seedlings of Pinus sibirica and its reliance on cone yield in the examined regions.
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Coelho, Geraldo Ceni, Rachel Palhares Alcantara, Maurício Zinn Klemann, and Leandro Klemann. "Forest regeneration and seed rain in the conversion of a stand of Pinus sp. into native forest." Biotemas 34, no. 2 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2021.e76814.
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In Southern Brazil, the National Forests (NF) are protected areas of sustainable use; however, most of them present a significant cover with old plantations of Pinus spp. established to foster commercial forestry. Nowadays, the NF management plans propose the conversion of Pinus stands into native forests. Pinus spp. are worrisome invasive plants whose spontaneous recruitment is a challenge to forest restoration. This paper aims to analyze seed rain and woody community composition in a stand where Pinus trees were eliminated to drive spontaneous regeneration (REG) in an NF in the Southern Atlantic Forest. The seed rain was measured in the restoring area and inside an adjacent Pinus stand (PIN). The tree community structure was analyzed comparatively in REG, PIN, and in a Native Araucaria Forest (NAT). One year after Pinus cutting, the seed rain of woody species was 1,802 and 1,502 seeds m-2.year-1 in REG and PIN, respectively. REG’s seed rain had higher diversity than PIN and absence of Pinus seeds. REG and NAT presented higher diversity of tree species than PIN, although REG had the lowest basal area and tree density. Nevertheless, 188 Pinus seedlings.ha-1 were observed in REG, which indicates that complementary restoration actions are needed.
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Wang, Zheng, Caixia Liu, Yingjie Tie, Xiuyue Song, Huimin Wang, and Quan Lu. "Ophiostomatalean Fungi (Ascomycota, Ophiostomatales) Associated with Three Beetles from Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Heilongjiang, China." Journal of Fungi 11, no. 1 (2025): 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11010027.
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Globally, forest decline and tree mortality are rising due to climate change. As one of the important afforestation trees in northeast China, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is suffering from forest decline and the accompanying pests. Certain fungi from the ophiostomatalean contribute to forest pest outbreaks and can be pathogenic to pine trees. However, only a limited number of ophiostomatalean fungi associated with beetles infesting Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica have been identified. In this study, 293 ophiostomatalean fungi were isolated from Acanthocinus griseus, Ips chinensis, and Pissodes nitidus infesting Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Heilongjiang Province, including Graphilbum griseum sp. nov., Gra. nitidum sp. nov., Graphilbum sp., and Ophiostoma ips. Ophiostoma ips was the dominant species, followed by Graphilbum sp., Graphilbum griseum, and Gra. nitidum, which accounted for 73.38, 17.41, 7.17, and 2.05% of the isolated ophiostomatalean fungi, respectively. Fungi associated with different beetles are diverse, even within the same host. This study deepens our understanding of the pest-associated fungi of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and provides a basis for exploring the causes of forest decline.
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UNIYAL, PRIYANKA, KANAD DAS, SINCHAN ADHIKARI, UPENDRA SINGH, and TAHIR MEHMOOD. "Lactifluus rajendrae sp. nov. (Russulaceae) from India." Phytotaxa 278, no. 3 (2016): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.3.5.
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Lactifluus rajendrae (L. sect. Albati), growing under Pinus in coniferous forest of Uttarakhand is presented in this communication as a new species. It is characterized by a white pileus with greenish tinge, crowded lamellae, white acrid latex and occurrence under Pinus roxburghii. A detailed morphological description coupled with the illustrations for this novel species, ITS-based phylogenetic support, and a provisional key to the species of Lactifluus sect. Albati are provided.
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Gasparoto, Esthevan Augusto Goes, Kelly Cristina Tonello, Emily Tsiemi Shinzato, and Roberta de Oliveira Averna Valente. "Throughfall in different forest stands of Iperó, São Paulo." CERNE 20, no. 2 (2014): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760.201420021260.
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In forestry, throughfall (Pi) is that fraction of rainfall that runs directly through the tree canopy and reaches the ground. It is characterized as the main source of water supply in a watershed. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of throughfall in three types of forest stands, namely Eucalyptus cloeziana, Pinus sp. and seasonal semideciduous forest (FES), all located in Ipanema National Forest, in the municipality of Iperó-SP. In each stand, a 300 m² plot was established in which ten rain gauges were installed for monitoring throughfall, and three rain gauges were installed in an open area adjacent to the stand for measuring gross precipitation (P). At the end of 25 observations, it was observed that, relative to P values, Pi values were 76.2% in semideciduous forest (FES), 85.1% in E.cloeziana forest and 84.0% in Pinus sp forest. In addition, comparing these stands, a larger leaf canopy coverage and consequently greater capability for water retention was noted in the semideciduous forest. However, no statistical differences were observed (P<0.05) between the stands of interest regarding throughfall.
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NOVO GOMEZ, ANA, HIGINIO GONZALEZ JORGE, LINO JOSE COMESAÑA CEBRAL, HENRIQUE LORENZO CIMADEVILLA, and JOAQUIN MARTINEZ SANCHEZ. "SEMI-AUTOMATED TREE SPECIES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS USING AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA." DYNA 97, no. 5 (2022): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10567.
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Automated tree species classification using high density airborne LiDAR data supports precise forest inventory. This work shows a method based on evaluating roughness descriptors from aerial LiDAR data to automatically classify tree species. The proposed method includes treetops detection, neighbouring distance analysis for selecting the interest points, 3D fit surface creation, evaluation of roughness parameters, and K-means clustering. Among the evaluated roughness parameters, Skewness (Rsk) and Kurtosis (Rku) show robust classification. A synthetic point cloud was generated to test the methodology in a mixed forest formed by three tree species, Pinus sp., Quercus sp., and Eucalyptus sp. The Overall Accuracy (OA) of the classification method was 80 % for Quercus sp., 100 % for Pinus sp. and 80.6 % for Eucalyptus sp. In addition, the methodology was tested in three study areas and the results demonstrate that roughness parameters can be used to individual tree species classification in a mixed temperate forest with an OA of 82% in study area 1, 93 % in study area 2 and 92 % in study area 3. Keywords: aerial LiDAR, point cloud processing, tree species classification, spatial analysis, roughness parameters
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Bendel, Muriel, Willy Tinner, and Brigitta Ammann. "Forest dynamics in the Pfyn forest in recent centuries (Valais, Switzerland, Central Alps): interaction of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and oak (Quercus sp.) under changing land use and fire frequency." Holocene 16, no. 1 (2006): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683606hl906rp.
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Pinus sylvestris is co-dominant in many areas of eastern and northern Europe. In Switzerland, the Pfyn forest is considered to be the largest natural forest of Pinus sylvestris. Its development under changing land use during recent centuries is largely unknown. Of particular interest is the interaction between pine and oak, for it has been suggested that oak has benefited from the strong decline in economic uses of the forest such as pasturing, litter removal and logging. In order to improve understanding of the dynamics in this particular forest type over time, the vegetation and fire history of the Pfyn forest were reconstructed by pollen and charcoal analyses of the sediments of Pfafforetsee. Four phases of decline in Pinus pollen percentages are explained by logging events and other anthropogenic activities during recent centuries. During the twentieth century human impact on Pinus was probably exacerbated by forest fires. When human influence ceased or declined, Pinus was able to regain its former importance within a few decades. Whereas Pinus experienced considerable change, Quercus species (Q. pubescens, Q. petraea and Q. robur) exhibit constant and low pollen values throughout the record. Under constant climatic conditions, pine should therefore not suffer late-successional replacements by oak in the Pfyn forest. This finding is especially important for nature conservation and forest management, since strong decline in Pinus sylvestris in the canton of Valais has also been interpreted as a consequence of successional dynamics towards a more natural vegetation.
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Samec, Pavel, Petra Rychtecká, Miroslav Zeman, and Miloš Zapletal. "Environmental Effects among Differently Located and Fertile Sites on Forest Basal-Area Increment in Temperate Zone." Forests 13, no. 4 (2022): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040588.
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Environmental properties differently influence the growth of forest tree species. The antagonistic effects of variable environmental properties classify the forest response according to various tree compositions among different sites. The division of the forest response was assessed in 52 stands arranged into 26 types of 13 site management populations (MPs) in 5 areas in the Czech Republic territory. The assessment was performed using time-series multiple regressions of basal-area increment from pure immature stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), oaks (Quercus sp.), ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and willows (Salix sp.) dependent on the interpolated average temperatures, annual precipitation, atmospheric concentrations of SO2, NOx and O3 and soil properties over the period 1971–2008 at p < 0.05. Site MPs differentiated the forest response to a greater extent than tree species. The response of the forests was significantly distributed by means of the montane, upland and waterlogged sites. The multiple determination index (r2) ≥ 0.6 indicated an adaptable tree increment but an interval of r2 between 0.80–0.92 implied forest sensitivity to variability in environmental properties on non-waterlogged sites. The index r2 < 0.6 suggested a fluctuating forest increment that reflects environmental variability inconsistently. The fluctuating increment most affected the spruce and pine stands grown from upland to submontane locations. Montane spruce stands, as well as rock pines, appeared to be one of the most sensitive ones to environmental change. Floodplain forests seemed as adaptable to variable environmental properties.
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Dick, M. A., and K. Dobbie. "Species of Fusarium on Pinus radiata in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3919.
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The common diseases of pines caused by Fusarium species in New Zealand are dampingoff and root rot disorders of seedlings in forest nurseries The emergence of pine pitch canker disease caused by Fusarium subglutinans f sp pini as a serious threat to Pinus radiata plantations has increased the need for an awareness of the species associated with pines in New Zealand Standard morphological procedures were used to identify Fusarium cultures isolated from diseased pines and from soil in forest nurseries Fusarium oxysporum and F solani were the most commonly found species in bareroot P radiata nurseries and were obtained from both seedlings and from soil The species most frequently obtained from branches and needles of older trees in plantations were F avenaceum and F sambucinum but these were not associated with serious disease
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Düggelin, Christoph, and Meinrad Abegg. "Modelle zur Biomasse- und Holzvolumenschätzung im Schweizer Gebüschwald | Modelling of biomass and wood volume in Swiss shrub forest." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 162, no. 2 (2011): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2011.0032.
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The results of the third National Forest Inventory indicate that shrub forest accounts for 5% of the total forest area in Switzerland. It grows almost exclusively in the subalpine zone and is dominated by the woody species Alnus viridis and Pinus mugo prostrata. As a consequence of global warming and the increasing demand for sustainable energy, there is a national and international interest to quantify wood volume and biomass in shrub forests. Therefore representative coppice shoots were measured in detail to establish allometric volume and biomass functions for Alnus viridis, Pinus mugo prostrata and Salix sp. For each coppice shoot the wood volume, the wet weight, the dry weight and the carbon mass was determined as a function of the base diameter. In the next step all coppice shoots of 49 sample plot areas were measured. A regression analysis shows the relationship between the degree of cover and wood volume, and hence the biomass, in a shrub forest stand. Shrub forest stands which consist of Alnus viridis and which have a degree of cover of 100% contain on average 74 m3/ha of above-ground wood volume. More than twice of that volume, namely 166 m3/ha, is contained in corresponding Pinus mugo prostrata shrub forest stands. In Swiss shrub forests, the average aboveground wood volume amounts to 66 m3/ha, corresponding to around 2 million tons of biomass. Based on the presented volume functions it will be possible to estimate the aboveground wood volume and biomass of shrub forest stands dominated by Alnus viridis and Pinus mugo prostrata with good results. Input variable is the degree of cover of the present woody species, which can be determined efficiently on aerial photography by image interpretation.
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Da Ponte, Emmanuel, Sergi Costafreda-Aumedes, and Cristina Vega-Garcia. "Lessons Learned from Arson Wildfire Incidence in Reforestations and Natural Stands in Spain." Forests 10, no. 3 (2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030229.
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Wildfires are currently considered the major threat to forests in Mediterranean countries. It has been implied that a large percentage of arson-caused fires in Spain are connected with the extensive reforestation programs implemented between 1940 and 1970. However, no consistent studies have been conducted to study the relationships between arson-caused fires and stand origin. Therefore, the goal of this study was to analyze occurrences and model the influence of forest stand origin (artificial or not) on the development of wildfires in peninsular Spain. Twenty-one neural network models were trained to estimate fire incidence through fire type (surface or crown fire), burned area and total treed burned area, based on stand age (years), canopy cover (%), natural age class (from seedling to mature stages) and fuel type classification. Models were built for reforested stands and natural stands of Pinus pinaster Ait., the Mediterranean pines Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus nigra Arn., Pinus halepensis Mill. and Eucalyptus sp. L’Hér., or groups of these species, and the resulting models were compared. Reforested stands presented higher fire incidence than natural stands mainly for productive species like Pinus pinaster Ait. According to the fire type models, thickets had a large influence in the development of crown fires in reforested stands in a general model for all species, the model with the Mediterranean group of pines, and the Pinus pinaster Ait. model. Vertical continuity influenced crown fire propagation in natural Mediterranean pines and in Eucalyptus stands. Presence of shrubs, grasslands and wood slash was related to surface fires in models for both reforested and natural stands. The results suggested that stand origin was influential on fire incidence, at least with regard to fire type and commercial species in the northwestern region of Spain.
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Bugs, Priscila da Silva, Paula Beatriz Araujo, Milton de Souza Mendonça Júnior, and Ricardo Ott. "Diversity and population characteristics of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) across three forest environments in southern Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 104, no. 3 (2014): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-476620141043334340.
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Terrestrial isopods are important and dominant component of meso and macrodecomposer soil communities. The present study investigates the diversity and species composition of terrestrial isopods on three forests on the Serra Geral of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The area has two natural formations (Primary Woodland and Secondary Woodland) and one plantation of introduced Pinus. The pitfall traps operated from March 2001 to May 2002, with two summer periods and one winter. There were 14 sampling dates overall. Of the five species found: Alboscia silveirensis Araujo, 1999, Atlantoscia floridana (van Name, 1940), Benthana araucariana Araujo & Lopes, 2003 (Philoscidae), Balloniscus glaber Araujo & Zardo, 1995 (Balloniscidae) and Styloniscus otakensis (Chilton, 1901) (Styloniscidae); only A. floridana is abundant on all environments and B. glaber is nearly exclusive for the native forests. The obtained data made it possible to infer about population characteristics of this species. The Similarity Analysis showed a quantitative difference among the Secondary forest and Pinus plantation, but not a qualitative one. The operational sex ratio (OSR) analysis for A. floridana does not reveal significant differences in male and female proportions among environments. The reproductive period identified in the present study for A. floridana was from spring to autumn in the primary forest and Pinus plantation and during all year for the secondary forest. The OSR analysis for B. glaber reveals no significant differences in abundance between males and females for secondary forest, but the primary forest was a significant difference. The reproductive period for B. glaber extended from summer to autumn (for primary and secondary forest). This is the first record for Brazil of an established terrestrial isopod population in a Pinus sp. plantation area, evidenced by the presence of young, adults and ovigerous females, balanced sex ratio, expected fecundity and reproduction pattern, as compared to populations from native vegetation areas.
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Vachova, Pavla, Marek Vach, Milan Skalicky, et al. "Reclaimed Mine Sites: Forests and Plant Diversity." Diversity 14, no. 1 (2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14010013.
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The relationship between vegetation and selected soil characteristics in different monoculture forest types was investigated as part of a landscape restoration project after brown coal mining. Six forest types were selected: alder (Alnus sp.), spruce (Picea sp.), pine (Pinus sp.), larch (Larix sp.), long-term deciduous forest (Quercus robur, Tilia sp.), and forest created by spontaneous succession. These stands were classified into two age categories (younger and older). The soil attributes, C/N, TC, TN, pH, and A horizon depth were assessed. The observed species were categorized into functional groups by life history, life forms according to Raunkiær, and affinity to the forest environment. C/N ratio, humus thickness, and canopy cover were the main soil parameters affecting plant communities. The highest C/N values were recorded in Pinus and Larix stands, which were significantly different from deciduous and succession stands. The highest diversity index was noted in younger stands of Alnus and the lowest in younger stands of Picea. Intermediate values of the diversity index were achieved in successional stands at both age levels and in Larix and Alnus stands. The species belonging to a functional group was not an important factor in these habitat types. The species composition and vegetation change over time in the Alnus, long-life deciduous, and Larix stands show that these species are more suitable for forestry reclamation than spruce or pine. The study also emphasizes the great value of spontaneous succession areas as full-fledged alternatives to forestry reclamation.
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Díaz Balteiro, L., and C. Romero. "Forest management and carbon captures: Analytical aspects and policy implications." Forest Systems 10, no. 3 (2008): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/739.
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In the last few years there has been an increasing tendency to consider forest ecosystems as possible sinks of carbon dioxide. In this way, it is attempted to mitigate the dramatic increase of global emissions of this gas in the industrialised countries. This new context implies modifications in basic aspects of the forest management discipline, like the determination of the forest optimal forest rotation, including the new European grants. In this paper, some recent experiences in this direction will be critically reviewed and some new ideas will be considered. With this purpose in mind three cases are studied: one species of short rotation (Populus sp.), another one of medium rotation (Pinus radiata D. Don.) and finally one species of long rotation (Pinus sylvestris L.).
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Fan, Ying, Lin Liu, Chuchen Wu, et al. "The Effect of Regulating Soil pH on the Control of Pine Wilt Disease in a Black Pine Forest." Forests 14, no. 8 (2023): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14081583.
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Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a highly destructive disease in forest ecosystems, resulting in extensive forest decline and substantial economic losses. As soil pH plays a critical role in soil microbial activity and significantly impacts the prevalence and severity of diseases, we conducted an experiment to regulate soil pH for alleviating PWD in a black pine (Pinus thunbergii) forest. The result reveals that: (1) The pH of the soil under a P. thunbergii forest was 5.19 ± 0.40, which was significantly lower than that of soils under other vegetation types at 8.53 ± 0.44. (2) Finely ground shell powder (F-SP) was the optimal size for long-term and efficient regulation, but quicklime (QL) exhibited the strongest efficacy in raising soil pH, followed by F-SP and plant ash. The regulation effect strengthened with the dosage amount. (3) In the situ experiments, part of symptomatic black pine in F-SP or QL plots were apparently improved and converted to asymptomatic trees separately by 15.9% and 5.4%. Applying F-SP can alleviate PWD in a sustainable way. This paper presents the first investigation to assess the effects of regulating soil pH for controlling PWD. It holds significant practical value for the rational planning and the sustainable development of artificial forests in coastal regions.
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Talavera, Miguel, Juan Carlos Magunacelaya, and Antonio Tobar. "Plant parasitic nematodes from a forest tree nursery in southern Spain with some notes about the influence of soil storage on the quantitative recovery of Meloidogyne arenaria." Nematology 1, no. 3 (1999): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508243.
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Abstract A nematological survey was carried out in a forest tree nursery in Andujar, southern Spain. Meloidogyne arenaria was found in soil and roots samples from Acacia sp., Biota sp., Juglans regia, Pinus spp., Salix babilonica and Sophora japonica. Pratylenchus vulnus was found in Acacia sp., Cupressus macrocarpa, Juglans regia, Ligustrum japonica, Morus sp., Pinus spp., Populus sp., Salix babilonica and Ulmus pumila. Helicotylenchus sp., Xiphinema americanum and Tylenchorhynchus sp. were found in all the plant species planted in the nursery. Paratylenchus sp., Criconemella sp. and Zygotylenchus guevarai host ranges are also given. The influence of soil storage on the recovery of M. arenaria was studied. At storage temperatures similar to those of the nursery (10-15°C), densities of M. arenaria in soil increased until the sixth week after sampling and were then maintained until the thirteenth week of storage. Incubation temperatures below 16°C during the migration of nematodes through a cottonwool filter, reduced the number of M. arenaria juveniles recovered after 15 h, but increasing migration time up to 39 h could counterbalance this reduction. Pflanzenparasitare Nematoden aus einer sudspanischen Forstbaumschulemit einigen Bemerkungen uber den Einfluss der Probenlagerung auf den quantitativen Nachweis von Meloidogyne arenaria - In einer Forstbaumschule in Andujar, Sudspanien, wurde eine nematologische Untersuchung durchgefuhrt. Meloidogyne arenaria wurde in Boden- und Wurzelproben von Acacia sp., Biota sp., Juglans regia, Pinus spp., Salix babilonica und Sophora japonica gefunden. Pratylenchus vulnus konnte an Acacia sp., Cupressus macrocarpa, Juglans regia, Ligustrum japonica, Morus sp., Pinus spp., Populus sp., Salix babilonica und Ulmus pumila nachgewiesen werden. Helicotylenchus sp., Xiphinema americanum und Tylenchorhynchus sp. wurden an allen Pflanzenarten gefunden, die in der Baumschule angebaut wurden. Ferner werden die Wirtspflanzen von Paratylenchus sp., Criconemella sp. und Zygotylenchus guevarai genannt. Dann wurde auch der Einfluss der Probelagerung auf den Nachweis von M. arenaria untersucht. Bei Lagerungstemperaturen von 10-15°C, die ahnlich waren wie die in der Baumschule, nahmen die Dichten von M. arenaria bis zur sechsten Woche nach der Probenahme zu und hielten sich dann bis zur 13. Woche der Lagerung. Temperaturen unter 16°C wahrend der Wanderung durch ein Baumwollwattefilter verminderten die Anzahl der nach 15h wiedergefundenen Juvenilen, doch konnte eine Verlangerung der Wanderzeit auf 39h diese Verminderung ausgleichen.
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Andini, R., V. Melinda, E. Pardede, et al. "Morphological variation of Aceh Pinus (Pinus merkusii)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, no. 1 (2022): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012091.
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Abstract The genus Pinus is classified as one of the most widely distributed genera of conifer trees, that are majorly distributed in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Pinus merkusii is the only member of the genus Pinus that is adapted in the tropics and grows naturally in south Equator. Its natural distribution found through-out Southeast Asia, e.g. in Indonesia; particularly on Sumatran Island. Three native strains are known on Sumatra: Aceh, Kerinci, and Tapanuli; with the first one is known as the largest population among the three and grows naturally on the high altitudes. The wood has been utilized in building construction, while the resin collected is classified as one of the most valuable Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP) worth up to US $ 50 million/year and applied in many industries. Planting of citron grass (Cymbopogon sp.) has been ’booming’ over the past seven years in the middle regions of Aceh due to its attractive selling price. As consequences, many Pinus trees have been logged and demanded as fire woods in the distillation process of citron grass. Thus, the citron grass’ plantation has been directly threatening the existence of Pinus forests. Therefore, in-situ conservation effort should be started from now on. Here, we would like to report the morphological variation (N= 15 traits) of natural Pinus (e.g., plant height, diameter of main stem, number of crowns per branch, etc.). The morphological data collected were then analysed with the Principal Component Analyses (PCA), in order to cluster the major agronomical parameters among them. This morphological data would be complemented and benefitted the efforts in the genetic study of Aceh Pinus.
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Phuntsho, Younten, Lha Tshering, and Dorji Wangdi. "Local Volume Equations and Tables for two Forest Management Units in Bhutan: An Attempt to Provide FMU Specific Estimate of Timber Volume for Sustainable Forest Management." Bhutan Journal of Natural Resources and Development 7, no. 2 (2020): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17102/cnr.2020.53.
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This study developed tree species specific local volume equations and tables for Lingmethang and Rongmanchu Forest Management Units. The field work was conducted between December, 2019 and January 2020. Data was collected for five species (Schima sp., Ltihocarpus sp., Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, Pinus roxburghii and Castanopsis tribuloides) for Lingmethang FMU and six species (Beilschmedia sp., Persea sp., Quercus sp., Alnus nepalensis, Schima wallichii and Cinnamomum sp.) of trees for Rongmanchu FMU. The height and diameter over bark were measured for every sample trees. Using the height and diameter, volumes for each sample tree was calculated and then the models generated were fitted with a minimum of 32 trees per species, which were destructively felled for the purpose. The models were run in R version 3.4.4. A total of 16 models were fitted and tested for each species. The selected models performed well with small deviation for individual trees.
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Fatimah, G., B. Wasis, and D. Prameswari. "Potential carbon stocks of hardwood, softwood, and varied growth rate species in Pasir Hantap Research Forest, Sukabumi, West Java." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1433, no. 1 (2024): 012014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1433/1/012014.
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Abstract Climate change has become a global phenomenon with signi2icant impacts on the environment. Indonesia has committed to reducing its emissions by 29% by 2030 through domestic efforts and 41% through international cooperation. The forestry sector plays a crucial role, with a potential reduction of 17.2% in emissions. One of the tropical forest areas that has the potential to help store carbon stocks is the Pasir Hantap Research Forest, Sukabumi. Pasir Hantap Research Forest is located in the tropics and is characterized by diverse, naturally occurring and planted vegetation. The forest has varying slopes, ranging from 10° to 45°, which can affect tree growth and biomass. The study will analyze the carbon stock potential of hardwood groups (Shorea sp. mixed), softwood groups (Pinus sp. mixed), fast-growing species groups (Eucalyptus sp. mixed), and slow-growing species groups (Swietenia macrophylla mixed) and examine the in2luence of slope on carbon storage. The overall results of carbon stock estimation in the four groups of stands did not show signi2icantly different results. The highest average carbon stock was in the mixed Swietenia macrophylla group at 423.84 tons/ha, while the lowest average was in the mixed Shorea sp. group at 128.76 tons/ha. The results of carbon stock estimation are negatively correlated with slope. The estimated value of carbon stocks in the mixed Swietenia macrophylla group decreased as the degree of slope increased. Meanwhile, the estimation of carbon stocks in the mixed Pinus group increased as the degree of the slope increased.
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Rohozin, Yevhenii, Karl Ljung, and Anna Broström. "Early and Mid-Holocene vegetation changes in Scania (southern Sweden) based on palynological data." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 96, no. 4-6 (2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2019.4-6.02.
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The paper presents a detailed palynological study of a sediment core from Lake Vomb in the central Scania, south Sweden. The pollen spectra are dominated by arboreal taxa, namely Alnus sp., Corylus avellana, Quercus sp., Pinus sylvestris, Betula sp. and others. The appearance and frequencies changes of the various pollen taxa show a vegetation succession from the Late Glacial to Middle Holocene. During the Late Glacial, open tundra-steppe prevailed around the lake, and the vegetation cover was sparse. In the early Holocene tundra-steppe vegetation changed to open woodland with Betula and Pinus as main elements, although, some types of tundra-steppe vegetation were present, such as Artemisia sp. and Chenopodiaceae. During the Boreal period, the area of coniferous forests gradually reduced and the migration of nemoral vegetation to southern Sweden began. During the Atlantic period, deciduous Quercus forests with Ulmus, Tilia and Fraxinus prevailed around the lake. The emergence of the Neolithic settlements at the end of the Atlantic period was reflected in the reduction of forest areas due to felling and burning of trees. The beginning of human impact on the vegetation was traced following the appearance of pollen of cultivated grasses and anthropophytes (e.g. Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa). In the Subboreal period, cultural landscapes of the southern Sweden combined natural deciduous forests and meadows, pastures and arable land of ancient cultures. In the middle of the Subboreal time, migration of Fagus and Carpinus to the Scania began.
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Davydenko, K. V., and I. M. Ustsky. "Shift in fungal communities associated with Pinus sylvestris stands affected by root rot." Forestry and Forest Melioration, no. 142 (June 29, 2023): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33220/1026-3365.142.2023.136.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction
 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) covers large areas in European regions with significant economic importance to Ukrainian forest industry. Root rot caused by the wood-decay fungus Heterobasidion annosum damages both below- and above-ground parts of Scots pines. The disease progress is likely to be affected by reshaping in the forest such as soil properties, vegetation composition, and tree age. These changes are apparently followed up by paralleled shifts in fungal community composition on forest soil with potential feedback on ecosystem functioning.
 The objective of the study was to screen fungal groups associated with the root system of P. sylvestris in stands affected by H.annosum s.s. to better understand the pathogenesis and development of root rot infection, as well as to recognize whether root size and disease severity affect diversity of fungi of the root system in the forest-steppe conditions of Ukraine. The additional object was to study other resident microflora of P. sylvestris root infested by H.annosum s.s. to find out whether the H. annosum s.s. impacts the overall diversity of other fungi.
 Materials and Methods
 The field study was carried out in 2018–2020. Field study sites were pure pine forest stands located in Kharkiv region (compartment 126, subcompartment 7, tract Bugri, Kharkiv Forest Research Station). Wood core and root samples from P. sylvestris were collected from the five infected (50–100 m apart from each other) and five non-infected trees (up to 500 m apart from the infested area and 50–100 m apart from each other). Wood and root samples were used for fungal culturing and direct sequencing using ITS1F and ITS4 primers.
 Results
 In the present study, we tried to evaluate fungal communities across diseased Pinus sylvestris stands and investigated correlations between taxonomic composition and forest health. Not surprisingly, root rot infestation had a significant effect on root-associated fungal abundance and diversity. During disease development, the root-associated fungal community shifted in composition from dominance by saprotrophic fungi to ectomycorrhizal and pathogenic fungal species. Our results suggested that maintenance of functional diversity in the root-associated fungal community may sustain long-term forest health or even root rot resistance to some extent by retaining a capacity for symbiosis-driven recycling of organic nutrients; however, this hypothesis is necessary to carefully examine and prove further.
 Conclusions
 Fungal culturing from 10 surface-sterilized wood cores resulted in 21 fungal cultures, 2.1 per wood segment. Direct sequencing from 40 surface-sterilized segments of lateral roots resulted in 247 fungal sequences or 6.2 per root segment on average. The most dominant fungi from the infested trees of Pinus sylvestris were Dactylonectria macrodidyma (4.98%), Acremonium sp (4.52%), Cladosporium cladosporioides (4.07%) from Ascomycota and Heterobasidion annosum s.s. (4.07%) from Basidiomycota, while for non-infested group Unidentified Ascomycota175244 (13.19%), Penicillium spinulosum (9.89%), Acremonium sp. (8.79%), Bionectriaceae sp. (8.79%) were the most common.
 2 Figs., 2 Tables, 32 Refs.
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Kaitera, Juha, Esa Huhta, and Kari Mäkitalo. "Fruiting of Cronartium and Coleosporium rust fungi on Melampyrum spp. in Scots pine stands under various forest management applications in northern Finland." Baltic Forestry 30, no. 1 (2024): id722. http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/bf722.
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Cronartium pini is the causal agent of Scots pine blister rust in northern Europe. New silvicultural methods have recently been launched to manage Pinus sylvestris stands in Finland. Continuous-cover-forest management (CCF) is an approved alternative method for the traditional rotation-forest management (RF). The aim of this study was to compare fruiting and disease incidence of C. pini in forest stands managed applying the CCF and RF approaches. The incidence of C. pini-caused disease was assessed on P. sylvestris before, and on alternate herbaceous plant hosts Melampyrum pratense and M. sylvaticum one year after the CCF or RF application procedures and compared between several forest management types such as seed-tree cutting (STC), clearcutting (CC), gap cutting (GC), selection cutting (SC) and uncut control in seven study sites. Fruiting of the needle rust fungus, Coleosporium tussilaginis f. sp. melampyri, was also investigated. In 2020–2021, the number of P. sylvestris trees with symptoms of C. pini was low in all management types, and disease incidence varied from 0% to 2.8% among the management types. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of symptomatic pines between the management types and study sites at the beginning of the silvicultural management operations. Ten M. sylvaticum and/or M. pratense from five sample plots were collected in each managed stand. The incidence of symptomatic leaves of C. pini on M. sylvaticum varied from 0.6% to 7.7% among the management types and on M. pratense from 0% to 1.2% one year after the management applications. Coleosporium needle rust was more common than C. pini on Melampyrum spp. The percentage of leaves with C. tussilaginis f. sp. melampyri telia varied from 7.9% to 55.4% on M. pratense and from 0.6% to 24.8% on M. sylvaticum among the management types. The frequency of C. pini telia on M. pratense did not differ between the management types. The frequency of C. tussilaginis f. sp. melampyri telia on M. pratense did not differ between study sites, but it was significantly higher in unmanaged control stands compared to CC- or STC-managed stands a year after the management application. This indicated that the rust fungus fruited on Melampyrum more abundantly in forest stands that had the highest tree density prior to its fruiting. The results provide basic information of rust incidence in forest stands shortly after their management. The long-term effect of the different forest management types on rust incidence both on pines and alternate hosts will be assessed periodically years later. Keywords: alternate hosts; Melampyrum pretense; Melampyrum sylvaticum; Pinus sylvestris; rust diseases; Scots pine blister rust
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Holuša, J., and W. Grodzki. "Occurrence of Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) on pines (Pinus sp.) in the Czech Republic and southern Poland – Short Communication." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 5 (2008): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2008-jfs.
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Spruce is regarded as the only host plant of <I>Ips duplicatus</I> in Central Europe, whereas this beetle exceptionally occurs on pine in Siberia. Its occurrence on <I>Pinus strobes</I> and <I>Pinus sylvestris</I> was discovered in the eastern part of the Czech Republic and in southern Poland, where the population density of <I>Ips duplicatus</I> has been increased for a long time on Norway spruce. However, all cases concerned only single trees which were growing in forest complexes with spruce dominance. The most likely explanation is merely a consequence of the typical host plant shortage.
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Tantsyrev, Nikolai V., Stanislav N. Sannikov, and Vladimir А. Usoltsev. "Geographical Features of Pinus sibirica Du Tour Renewal." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 6 (December 10, 2023): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-44-56.
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One of the main problems of forest ecology is to identify the patterns of the dynamics of natural populations of woody plants at the stage of their renewal, which programs the entire subsequent structure and development of plant ecosystems. The process of reforestation is determined by both the dynamics of seed production and the peculiarities of the seed distribution of forest-forming tree species. The renewal of five-needled pines of the Cembrae subsection with wingless seeds is due to their close trophic relationships with birds of the genus Nucifraga sp., which spread seeds, creating soil forage stocks. The purpose of this study is to reveal geographical features of the relationship between seed production and renewal of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) with the intermediary participation of the thin-billed nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm C.L.). The research was carried out in 3 geographical regions of Pinus sibirica forests: in the forests of the Aldan Highlands in Southern Yakutia (59º40´ N., 125º24´ E.), the Northern Urals in the area of the Denezhkin Kamen mountain (60º25´ N., 59º32´ E.), and the Khamar-Daban Mountain range in the South-Eastern Baikal region (51º32´ N., 103º32´ E.). It is shown that each region of the Pinus sibirica growth differs in the dynamics of both seed production and renewal. It was found that the abundance of Pinus sibirica seedlings in the forests of the Aldan Highlands is positively associated (R2 = 0.46) with the yield of cones the previous year. The number of seedlings in the Northern Urals and Khamar-Daban is negatively related to the yield of cones of last year but is positively (R2 = 0.48–0.49) associated with the yield of cones of the year before last. We believe that seedlings in any case appear from the seeds of last year's yield. But the visible connection is due to the activity of the nutcracker. As a result of the stationary studies conducted in the Northern Urals, we identified a constant close (R2 = 0.81) positive relationship between the number of Pinus sibirica seedlings and the number of nutcrackers during the period of seed storage and dispersal in August-September of the previous year. It is assumed that the nature of the dynamics of seed production in the region affects the change in the number of nutcrackers during the seed harvesting period, which in turn determines the abundance of Pinus sibirica seedlings next year. This determines the revealed differences in the dynamics of Pinus sibirica renewal and its dependence on the yields of tree cones in the regions under consideration. For citation: Tantsyrev N.V., Sannikov S.N., Usoltsev V.А. Geographical Features of Pinus sibirica Du Tour Renewal. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 6, pp. 44–56. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-44-56
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Bidartondo, M. I., J. Baar, and T. D. Bruns. "Low ectomycorrhizal inoculum potential and diversity from soils in and near ancient forests of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva)." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 3 (2001): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-006.
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Intersite variation in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) inoculum potential in soils from 16 sites located in arid subalpine areas of the White Mountains of California was quantified. The study sites included valleys dominated by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) and mountainsides dominated by ancient Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva Bailey). ECM inoculum potential was not detected at three of four valley sites nor in 42% of forest soil samples. Only 10 mycorrhizal species were detected in bioassays, and four of those accounted for 94.5% of all colonized seedlings, in order of decreasing abundance these were Pyronemataceae sp., Rhizopogon sp., Wilcoxina rehmii Yang & Korf, and Cenococcum sp. These species were identified also from in situ mycorrhizal roots. The abundance of the dominant Pyronemataceae sp. was significantly positively correlated with pH, which at all forest sites was high compared with typical conifer forest soils. Our results show that the ECM inoculum potential of soils is low, homogeneous, and spatially restricted in these ancient high-elevation forests.Key words: fungal community, molecular ecology, spore dispersal.
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Borges, César Henrique Alves, Patrícia Carneiro Souto, João Henrique do Nascimento Neto, Jacob Silva Souto, Emmanoella Costa Guaraná Araujo, and Thiago Cardoso Silva. "Combustibility of fuel material for forest species." Scientific Electronic Archives 14, no. 7 (2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/14720211357.
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The work aimed to characterize the flammability of different forest species. The combustible materials were collected in two places with different phytophysiognomies, both in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The plant materials used were: Poincianella bracteosa, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Luetzelburgia auriculata, Croton sonderianus and Pinus sp. acicles and branches were used as a control. The burns were carried out in an open area located in the forest nursery, where approximately 0.5 kg of material was weighed on a precision scale. After the organization of the plots, the thickness of each pile was measured with the aid of a ruler graduated in centimeters. To determine the speed of fire propagation, the average time spent by the fire front (m s-1) to travel pre-established distances during the fires was measured. It is observed that among the studied materials, Pinus was the one that presented the lowest weight after burning the material and was the species that presented the highest temperature after burning, followed by C. sonderianus and A. pyrifolium. Before burning, all species showed behaviors, ranging from 30 to 33 °C. It is extremely important to replicate this type of study in forest areas, since the variations found can influence the results. The effect of burning combustible materials on soil temperature was greater in treatments with Pinus and C. sonderianus.
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Perry, Roger W., and Ronald E. Thill. "Summer Roosting by Adult Male Seminole Bats in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas." American Midland Naturalist 158, no. 2 (2007): 361–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13436389.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We used radiotelemetry to locate 51 diurnal roosts for 17 male Seminole bats (Lasiurus seminolus) during late spring and early summer, 2000–2005. We quantified characteristics of roost trees and sites surrounding roosts and compared those measurements with random trees and random locations. All but two roosts were located in the foliage of large overstory pines (Pinus sp.). All roosts were in trees $21.7 cm dbh and roost trees were taller and greater in diameter than random trees. A conditional logistic regression model differentiating roost sites from random locations indicated Seminole bats were more likely to roost at sites with more pines 25.0–49.9 cm dbh, fewer pines 10.0–24.9 cm dbh, lower overstory hardwood basal areas (BA) and more recently cut stumps than random; bats selected open forest sites dominated by large (.20.0 cm dbh) pines. Eighty-four percent of roosts were located in stands that were recently partially harvested or thinned but retained large overstory pines. Relatively open pine forest, with abundant large overstory pines, is important roosting habitat for male Seminole bats during summer on the western edge of their range.
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Perry, Roger W., and Ronald E. Thill. "Summer Roosting by Adult Male Seminole Bats in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas." American Midland Naturalist 158, no. 2 (2007): 361–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13436389.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We used radiotelemetry to locate 51 diurnal roosts for 17 male Seminole bats (Lasiurus seminolus) during late spring and early summer, 2000–2005. We quantified characteristics of roost trees and sites surrounding roosts and compared those measurements with random trees and random locations. All but two roosts were located in the foliage of large overstory pines (Pinus sp.). All roosts were in trees $21.7 cm dbh and roost trees were taller and greater in diameter than random trees. A conditional logistic regression model differentiating roost sites from random locations indicated Seminole bats were more likely to roost at sites with more pines 25.0–49.9 cm dbh, fewer pines 10.0–24.9 cm dbh, lower overstory hardwood basal areas (BA) and more recently cut stumps than random; bats selected open forest sites dominated by large (.20.0 cm dbh) pines. Eighty-four percent of roosts were located in stands that were recently partially harvested or thinned but retained large overstory pines. Relatively open pine forest, with abundant large overstory pines, is important roosting habitat for male Seminole bats during summer on the western edge of their range.
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Holuša, J., and M. Trýzna. "Flight activity of Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) and notes to its life history." Journal of Forest Science 53, Special Issue (2008): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2150-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
In the Czech Republic, <I>A. nebulosus</I> occurs in coniferous, deciduous as well as in mixed forests, in lowland forests and even on forest-steppe habitats. Larvae occur mainly on <I>Picea</I> sp., Pinus</I> sp. and<I> Abies</I> sp.; adults occur on the same tree species and also on <I>Larix</I> sp., <I> Quercus</I> sp., <I>Salix</I> sp. and<I> Fagus</I> sp. Adults overwinter in the bark of several coniferous trees with thicker bark (mainly <I>Pinus sylvestris</I> L. and <I>Larix decidua</I> Mill.) where they are hidden in cracks. Woodpeckers attack such trees with masses of<I>A. nebulosus</I> very intensively. In five localities with Malaise traps in the Nízký Jeseník Hills, the flight activity started at the beginning of May and ended in mid-June with the peak at the end of May and beginning of June in 2005. In 2006, the flight activity started later in mid-May and lasted to the beginning of July but was interrupted by cold and rainy weather. At higher altitudes were beetles sampled only in the first half of June in 2006. The size of males and females is very similar. In total, pronotum width of males varied between 0.85 mm and 2.40 mm, and females between 1.00 mm and 2.30 mm. There is no statistically significant difference between them. The equal sex ratio found in our material could confirm the fact that the flight activity of both sexes is the same.
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Lynikienė, Jūratė, Diana Marčiulynienė, Adas Marčiulynas, Artūras Gedminas, Miglė Vaičiukynė, and Audrius Menkis. "Managed and Unmanaged Pinus sylvestris Forest Stands Harbour Similar Diversity and Composition of the Phyllosphere and Soil Fungi." Microorganisms 8, no. 2 (2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020259.
Full textAbstract:
The aim was to assess fungal communities associated with living needles and soil of Pinus sylvestris in managed and unmanaged forest stands to get a better understanding of whether and how different intensities of forest management affects fungal diversity and community composition under the north temperate forest zone conditions. The study was carried out in three national parks in Lithuania. Each included five study sites in managed stands and five in unmanaged stands. At each site, three random soil cores and five random last-year needle samples were collected. Following DNA isolation, a DNA fragment of the ITS2 rRNA gene region of each sample was individually amplified and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Analysis of 195,808 high-quality reads showed the presence of 1909 fungal taxa. Richness and composition of fungal taxa were similar in each substrate (needles and soil) in managed vs. unmanaged sites. The most common fungi in needles were Coleosporium campanulae (12.4% of all fungal sequences), Unidentified sp. 3980_1 (12.4%), Unidentified sp. 3980_4 (4.1%) and Sydowia polyspora (3.1%). In soil: Unidentified sp. 3980_21 (8.6%), Umbelopsis nana (8.2%), Archaeorhizomyces sp. 3980_5 (8.1%) and Penicillium spinulosum (6.3%). The results demonstrated that managed and unmanaged P. sylvestris stands support similar diversity and composition of fungal communities associated with living needles and soil.
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Wang, Qin, and Liang-Dong Guo. "Ectomycorrhizal community composition of Pinus tabulaeformis assessed by ITS-RFLP and ITS sequences." Botany 88, no. 6 (2010): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b10-023.
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Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal composition was examined in a Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest. A total of 28 root samples of P. tabulaeformis were collected in June and September. Thirty-five ECM morphotypes were identified according to ECM morphological characters, and 26 ECM fungi were identified based on the analyses of ITS-RFLP and ITS sequences. Tomentella , Sebacina , and Tuber were common genera, and Atheliaceae sp., Lactarius deliciosus , Tomentella ferruginea , and Tomentella sp. 3 were dominant species. Of these ECM fungi, 13 were found in June, 19 in September, and 6 during both sampling times. Atheliaceae sp. and T. ferruginea were the dominant fungi both in June and September. Lactarius deliciosus was dominant in June, but rare in September. Tomentella sp. 3 was dominant in September but rare in June.
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Peralta, Regina Célia Gonçalves, Eurípedes Barsanulfo Menezes, Acácio Geraldo Carvalho, and Elen de Lima Aguiar-Menezes. "Wood consumption rates of forest species by subterranean termites (Isoptera) under field conditions." Revista Árvore 28, no. 2 (2004): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622004000200015.
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Termites are well -known for their capacity to damage and destroy wood and wood products of all kinds in the tropics and subtropics. A field test was undertaken to evaluate variations in wood consumption of Pinus sp. and three species of Eucalyptus by subterranean termites. The test consisted of wooden stakes of each species being initially submitted to water immersion for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h, and buried in the ground to natural infestation by subterranean termites for an exposure period of 30, 45 and 60 days. Three species of subterranean termites were identified: Heterotermes longiceps (Snyder), Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), and Nasutitermes jaraguae (Holmgren) (Isoptera: Termitidae). This is the first record of occurrence of H. longiceps in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Although the wood-consumption rates were not correlated significantly with their wood densities, there was a tendency of the softwoods (E. robusta and Pinus sp.) to be more consumed by subterranean termites than the woods of intermediate hardness (E. pellita and E. urophylla). Among the eucalyptus, E. robusta showed to be more susceptible to attack by subterranean termites than E. pellita and E. urophylla
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Tantsyrev, Nikolai, Natalya Ivanova, and Irina Petrova. "Regeneration of Pinus sibirica Du Tour as a result of trophic relationships with the thin-billed nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm C L)." BIO Web of Conferences 67 (2023): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236701010.
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Identifying the patterns of dynamics of natural populations of woody plants at the stage of their renewal is one of the main problems of forest ecology. The reforestation process is determined by both the dynamics of seed production and the specificity of seed dispersal of forest tree species. The five-needled pine renewal the Cembrae subsection with wingless seeds depends on birds of the genus Nucifraga sp., which store and spread their seeds. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between seed production and regeneration of Pinus sibirica Du Tour using the thin-billed nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm C. L.) as a mediator. Long-term studies of these relationships have been carried out in the Siberian pine forests of the North Ural Mountains. As a result, a paradoxical conclusion is made that the number of Nucifraga birds during the period of storing and spreading of seeds in the previous year is a key factor in the abundance of Pinus sibirica seedlings. In turn, the number of seeds, both from the previous year and the current year, affects the number of Nucifraga birds.
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Firman Ali Rahman, Taufik Arianto, Sulistijorini, Aisha Zea Almahyra, Arsya Zafran Alvarendra, and Mai Rizali. "Produksi Dan Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Hutan Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia." Otus Education: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi 1, no. 2 (2023): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.62588/y0d2pq27.
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Forests are important habitats that support an ecosystem consisting of various types of plants that have production potential and litter decomposition rates. This research aims to find out how to calculate the production and decomposition rate of litter in homogeneous forest and heterogeneous forest terrestrial ecosystems. The research was carried out in homogeneous and heterogeneous forest areas in the IPB University campus area, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. The sampling process seemed to be carried out using 1x1 m nylon mesh litter trap method for 5 weeks. The results of the research show that the composition of the species that grow in heterogeneous forest areas is Kisabun (Filicium decipien), Sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki), Bisbul (Diospyros blancoy), Water guava (Eugenia aduea), Matoa (Pometia pinnata), Pinus (Cupressus lusitanica), and Meranti (Shorea sp), while in the homogeneous forest ecosystem is the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). The amount of waste collected in heterogeneous forest ecosystems is greater than in homogeneous forest ecosystems (Rubber forests), namely 98 grams and 5.2 grams respectively with results in heterogeneous forest ecosystems of 7.2 grams dry weight from 10 grams wet weight, whereas in homogeneous forest ecosystem (rubber forest 0.8 grams dry weight from 2 grams wet weight). The decomposition rate of litter in heterogeneous ecosystems is 0.21 grams/year, while in rubber forest ecosystems it is 0.17 grams/year.
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Davydenko, Kateryna, Denys Baturkin, Valentyna Dyshko, et al. "Fungal Pathogens Associated with Tomicus Species in European Forests: Regional Variations and Impacts on Forest Health." Insects 16, no. 3 (2025): 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16030277.
Full textAbstract:
Pinus species are extensively abundant in Europe and, as pioneer trees, prominently influence local ecology. However, pine forests in Lithuania, Montenegro, and Ukraine have been significantly damaged by pine bark beetles (Tomicus sp.), which are closely associated with ophiostomatoid and other pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to identify the diversity of ophiostomatoid and other fungi associated with Tomicus sp. in these three countries. Fungi were isolated from beetles and identified. High-throughput sequencing of ITS2 rDNA yielded 285,828 reads, of which 91,141 high-quality reads were retained, representing 561 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The most important groups of fungi included ophiostomatoids, yeasts, and plant pathogens. While the fungal communities associated with Tomicus spp. were influenced more by environmental factors than by beetle species, the presence of known pathogens such as Ophiostoma spp. indicates that Tomicus spp. could play a significant role in dispersing harmful fungi. Although the virulence of these fungi may vary, their association with potentially pathogenic species suggests that Tomicus spp. may contribute to forest health decline, especially if environmental conditions or host susceptibility change.
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OTT, RICARDO, and ANTONIO DOMINGOS BRESCOVIT. "Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology." Zootaxa 3339, no. 1 (2012): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3339.1.3.
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The new genus Arauchemus is proposed to include two new species from southern Brazil. Arauchemus graudo sp. nov. andArauchemus miudo sp. nov. are described from São Francisco de Paula in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Both sympat-ric species were sampled along 20 months at three different habitats: primary and secondary forests and at Pinus silvicultures.A. graudo sp. nov. and A. miudo sp. nov. presented larger numbers at primary and secondary forests respectively. Both speciespresented stenochronic male activity patterns with male activity peak between the end of summer and beginning of autumn. Morphometric data on male cephalothorax indicate large size overlapping of both species.
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Dahlen, Joseph, P. David Jones, R. Daniel Seale, and Rubin Shmulsky. "Bending strength and stiffness of in-grade Douglas-fir and southern pine No. 2 2 × 4 lumber." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 5 (2012): 858–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-041.
Full textAbstract:
Douglas-fir ( Psuedotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) (DF) and southern pine ( Pinus spp.) (SP) trees are increasingly grown on intensively managed plantation forests that yield excellent growth. Lumber cut from these trees often contains a large percentage of juvenile wood, which negatively impacts its strength and stiffness. Design values of lumber must accurately reflect the available forest resource, and because the design values were determined over 25 years ago, questions exist whether wood quality has declined. To help address this, 1488 samples of commercial-grade No. 2 2 × 4 DF and SP lumber were destructively tested in edgewise bending. Mean stiffness of DF and SP was 11.51 and 10.89 GPa, respectively, comparing favorably with the 11.02 GPa mean design values; however, variation for SP was higher than in previous studies. The nonparametric 5th percentile bending strengths for DF and SP were 8.30 and 9.06 MPa, respectively. Both DF and SP tested at less than their design values, 9.3 and 10.34 MPa, respectively. Stiffness explained 66% and 52%, respectively, of the variability in strength for DF and SP. Because this relationship seems only moderately predictive, it may be prudent to couple stiffness with additional measures of quality when predicting bending strength.
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Vink, K., and E. Sri Purwanti. "Population dynamics of two sympatric isopod species in a pine forest in central Java, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 10, no. 3 (1994): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400008087.
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ABSTRACTThe populations of two dominant isopod species in a Pinus merkusii forest on the southern slope of mount Ungaran in central Java, Indonesia, were periodically sampled during one year using Tullgren extractions from soil cores. The aim of the research was to collect more information about the life-cycles of tropical isopods by analysing size-class distributions of two sympatric isopod species, belonging to the genus Burmoniscus. Biomass of the populations was estimated from length-weight conversions established for each species in the laboratory. The efficiency of the Tullgren extraction method was estimated by comparison to hand sorting; no difference was found between these methods.The abundance of the two species differed significantly with time. Burmoniscus Sp. A was more abundant during the wet season, whereas the population fluctuations of Burmoniscus Sp. B were more spread over the year. Reproduction of both species took place in the wet season. Burmoniscus Sp. A had one generation per year, while for Burmoniscus Sp. B the situation was unclear due to extensive overlap of size classes. Comparisons were made with isopod abundance in other tropical and temperate forests. The mean density of the two species found in this study was 258 m-2 for Burmoniscus Sp. A and 272 m-2 for Burmoniscus Sp. B, while biomass was 80.4 mg m-2 and 37.6 mg m-2, respectively. The data suggest that densities of isopods in tropical pine forests may be considerably higher than in comparable temperate ecosystems.
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M., ALEXANDER FEIJOO, and GEORGE G. BROWN. "New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from Embrapa Forestry, Paraná, Brazil." Zootaxa 4496, no. 1 (2018): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.38.
Full textAbstract:
Three new earthworm species in two genera of the Glossoscolecidae family, common in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, collected in the highland plateaus of Paraná, are described: Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) maschio sp. nov. and Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) embrapaensis sp. nov., and Fimoscolex nivae sp. nov. G. embrapaensis is a small, unpigmented endogeic belonging to the truncatus species group, having male pore on segment 17, while G. maschio is a large, pigmented epiendogeic species belonging to the giganteus species group, having male pore on segment 19. F. nivae is a very slender, small unpigmented endogeic species. All specimens were collected in native Araucaria forest on the grounds of Embrapa Forestry, but G. maschio was found exclusively associated with native forest, while G. embrapaensis and F. nivae were also collected in Eucalyptus, Pinus or Araucaria plantations, native grassland or fallow land, indicating their resistance to soil disturbance and land use change.
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Brzeziecki, Bogdan, and Feliks Eugeniusz Bernadzki. "Langfristige Entwicklung von zwei Waldgesellschaften im Białowieża-Urwald." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, no. 4 (2008): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0080.
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The results of a long-term study on the natural forest dynamics of two forest communities on one sample plot within the Białowieża National Park in Poland are presented. The two investigated forest communities consist of the Pino-Quercetum and the Tilio-Carpinetum type with the major tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Carpinus betulus. The results reveal strong temporal dynamics of both forest communities since 1936 in terms of tree species composition and of general stand structure. The four major tree species Scots pine, birch, English oak and Norway spruce, which were dominant until 1936, have gradually been replaced by lime and hornbeam. At the same time, the analysis of structural parameters indicates a strong trend towards a homogenization of the vertical stand structure. Possible causes for these dynamics may be changes in sylviculture, climate change and atmospheric deposition. Based on the altered tree species composition it can be concluded that a simple ≪copying≫ (mimicking) of the processes taking place in natural forests may not guarantee the conservation of the multifunctional character of the respective forests.
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Silva, Ana Cristina, Eugénio Diogo, Joana Henriques, et al. "Pestalotiopsis pini sp. nov., an Emerging Pathogen on Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.)." Forests 11, no. 8 (2020): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080805.
Full textAbstract:
Research Highlights: Pestalotiopsis pini sp. nov. is an emerging pathogen on stone pine, Pinus pinea L., in Portugal. Background and Objectives: Stone pine is one of the most important forest tree species in Portugal and in the whole Mediterranean basin. Pestalotiopsis species are common endophytes, saprobes or pathogens in a variety of hosts and environments. The objective of the present study was to identify the Pestalotiopsis species associated with the symptomatic stone pine trees. Materials and Methods: Samples of stone pine trees showing shoot blight and stem necrosis were obtained from stone pine orchards and urban areas in Portugal, and the isolated Pestalotiopsis species were identified based on morphology and combined ITS, TEF and TUB DNA sequence data. Artificial inoculations on one-year-old stone pine seedlings were performed with the two species most frequently found in association with shoot blight disease. Results: Five Pestalotiopsis spp. were isolated. A taxonomic novelty, Pestalotiopsis pini is described, representing a new pathogen for stone pine. Conclusions: Pestalotiopsis species may represent a threat to the health of pine forests in the Mediterranean basin. Future research should be done in order to increase our knowledge about the potential impact of pestalotioid species in stone pine, in order to develop management strategies against these pathogens.
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Arif, A., M. Muin, G. Putri, and MT Hidayah. "Termites (Insecta: Isoptera) diversity in forest conseccion areas of PT Inhutani I, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 886, no. 1 (2021): 012129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012129.
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Abstract Termites as wood biodeterioration agents have an important role in the ecosystem. This study aimed to observe termite diversity. A termites survey was conducted on Forest Concession Areas of PT. Inhutani I, South Sulawesi Indonesia. The termite specimens collected used the standardized transect sampling protocols at three different sites (forest with mixed vegetation, Pinus merkusii plantation, and logged-over area; and measurement of nine morphological characters of the soldier was conducted, i.e: head length without mandibles, head width at base of mandible, maximum width of head, left mandible length, pronotum length, maximum width of pronotum, postmentum length, postmentum width of postmentum, and the number of antenna segments. The results showed that there are four species found based on the morphological characteristics and morphometrical data, namely: Odontotermes javanicus., Nasutitermes sp., Schedorhinotermes sp. and Coptotermes curvignathus. The highest termite abundance was found in forest with mixed vegetation. The termite diversity in logged-over area and forest with mixed areas was moderate, while species diversity in pine plantation was low.
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Esofita, Mufti, Mitra Djamal, Warsito P. Taruno, et al. "Analysis of Wood’s Capacitance Characteristic to its Hardness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 771 (July 2015): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.771.161.
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A capacitance sensor has been designed to investigate the correlation between wood capacitance value, Janka hardness rating and density. The sensor was developed based on parallel plates using copper as the electrodes. Capacitance values were measured using CV-circuit, 20 Vp-p, 2.5 MHz. Five wood specimens from forest plantation that is Karet (Hevea brasiliensis), Pulai (Alstonia sp.), Pinus (Pinus mercusii), Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), and fast growing teak (Tectona grandis) were tested. Each specimen was measured in tangential and radial directions under 0% moisture content conditions. The designed sensor was capable to distinguish the capacitance values in tangential and radial directions. The measurement results showed that wood capacitance value has a good relation with wood’s hardness and density.
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Davydenko, Kateryna. "Evaluation of fungal endophytes to biological control of Dothistroma needle blight on Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Crimean pine)." Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, no. 19 (December 26, 2019): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/411924.
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Dothistroma needle blight (DNB), caused by Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini, is the most important forest disease of pine in many countries. This disease has recently emerged in Ukraine as a major threat to mostly Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana and less to Scots pine. There is increasing evidence that some fungal and bacterial isolates can reduce the growth and pathogenicity of fungal plant pathogens. 
 In this research, infected needles were collected from 30-year-old Crimean pine (P. nigra subsp. pallasiana) in four locations in Southern Ukraine. In total, 244 of endophytic fungi were recovered from needles of Crimean pine during summer sampling of the host’s microbiome in Ukraine in 2012-2014.
 Dothistroma spp. were detected using fungal isolation and species-specific priming PCR techniques. 
 Among all endophytes, eight fungal species were selected based on the commonness of their occurrence in the foliage of the host and their antagonistic activity. All selected species were tested for their antifungal activity against Dothistroma needle blight. Good antifungal activity against Dothistroma pini was achieved with the Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium rosea, indicating their good potential possibility in preventing the Dothistroma needle blight on young pines. Moreover, the significant reduction in numbers of conidia and spore germination was found on needles treated with Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium rosea, compared to conidia numbers following treatment with other fungi. Thus, the use of an effective biological control agent against Dothistroma could be of value in forest nurseries, where it is essential to reduce losses to D. pini infection prior to transferring pines to field sites for planting out.
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KAYGUSUZ, OĞUZHAN, DITTE BANDINI, and ALİ ÇELİK. "Inocybe kusadasiensis (Inocybaceae: Agaricomycetes), a new species from Turkey." Phytotaxa 570, no. 1 (2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.1.1.
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Inocybe kusadasiensis sp. nov., a novel species which was collected from Pinus brutia forest near Kuşadası (Turkey), in the coastal area of Aegean Sea, is introduced with full descriptions of macro and microscopic features, field photograph and line-drawings. A phylogenetic analysis of sequence data for the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) indicated and supported the taxonomic uniqueness of the present new species which belongs to the genus Inocybe.
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Muslich, Mohammad, and Nurwati Hadjib. "THE POSSIBILITY OF USING TIMBER FROM PLANTATION FOREST TREATED WITH PLASTIC AND CCB FOR MARINE CONSTRUCTION." JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 5, no. 1 (2008): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2008.5.1.65-72.
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Recently, timber estate or plantation forest plays an important role on wooden based industries. However, the plantation timber quality is relatively low. Some treatments have been developed to improve its low quality, such as preservation with CCB (Chromate Copper Boron) and impregnation with plastic compounds. This study is to compare the durability of timber treated with plastic and CCB, non-treated from plantation forest timber as well as from natural forest. The plantation timber studied were jeungjing (Paraserianthes falcataria), damar (Agathis sp.), pinus (Pinus merkusii), and rubberwood (Hevea brasilliensis). Non-treated timbers that usually used for marine construction were ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri), jati/teak (Tectona grandis), laban (Vitex pubescens) and merbau (Instia bijuga). After 6 and 12 months, the results showed that CCB preserved timber were more durable than plastic impregnated timber and non- treated timber. Wood samples were mostly attacked by marine borer organisms from the family of Pholadidae and Teredinidae. The experiment results revealed the possibility of using those plantation forest timber species for marine construction purposes.
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PORTAL, LEIF, ROGER CHAMBI, JÚLIA GIL, GABRIEL PEREIRA, and MARIO TOMAZELLO. "MAPPING WOOD DENSITY VARIATION USING QGIS: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF OCHROMA PYRAMIDALE, ACACIA MANGIUM, EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS, AND PINUS SP." Wood Research 69, no. 4 (2024): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/69.4.561572.
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This study explores the innovative application of QGIS for mapping radial wood density variation across the entire cross-section of selected native and non-native forest species, aiming to enhance wood characterization. Using samples from Ochroma pyramidale, Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus grandis, and Pinus sp., we applied X-ray densitometry to obtain high-resolution images, which were then analyzed with QGIS to create detailed density maps. These maps provided a clear visualization of radial density variation, offering insights into the internal structure of the wood. The integration of QGIS with X-ray densitometry proved to be an effective tool for assessing wood density variation, supporting more precise and sustainable forest management practices.
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Genikova, N. V., S. A. Moshnikov, and D. V. Teslya. "Structure of the Ground Vegetation and Natural Regeneration of Tree Species in a 12–15-Year-Old Bilberry Pine Forest–Clear-Cut Ecotone Complex in the Middle Taiga Subzone." Растительные ресурсы 59, no. 2 (2023): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s003399462302005x.
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Abstract—Logging in mature stands, where part of the forest is harvested in one or several cuts and part is retained (clear-cutting and alternate strip cutting) results in the formation of an ecotone complex: forest (F), transition from forest to clear-cut under the canopy (forest edge – FE), transition from forest to clear-cut outside of the canopy (clear-cut edge – CE), and the clear-cut itself (C). Strips 8 m wide on each side of the mature forest/clear-cut site border form the transitional zone. We studied the ground vegetation composition and structure, and the natural regeneration of woody species (Pinus sylvestris L., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., Betula sp., Populus tremula L., Sorbus aucuparia L., Juniperus communis L.) in the bilberry pine forest – clear-cut ecotone complex 12–15 years after the stand removal. The studies demonstrate that each of the four zones of the ecotone complex formed after logging of the mature forest has its own structural features of ground vegetation and undergrowth (including tree regeneration). The typical forest (F) habitat is characterized by the minimum number of young regeneration of Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Populus tremula, and Sorbus aucuparia and, on the contrary, by the highest abundance of lingonberry V. vitis-idaea L. and bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus L., and the maximum height of bilberry plants and their yield. The amount of tree regeneration in the FE is almost the same as in the F zone. The projective cover, maximum shoot height and yield of bilberry, and maximum shoot height of lingonberry in the FE zone are reliably lower than in the F zone. The transitional zone on the clear-cut side (CE) and the clear-cut itself (C) are distinguished from the forest sections of the ecotone complex (F and FE zones) by a greater number of deciduous and pine regeneration and the low abundance of dwarf shrubs. The clear-cut itself (C) differs from the CE by the higher abundance of grasses and forbs and an established tree regeneration layer composed of pine, birch, and aspen.
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Enebak, S. A. "Rhizobacteria Isolated from Loblolly Pine Seedlings Mediate Growth-Promotion of Greenhouse-Grown Loblolly, Slash, and Longleaf Pine Seedlings." Forest Science 51, no. 6 (2005): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/51.6.541.
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Abstract Loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seeds were inoculated in the greenhouse with rhizobacteria recovered from 4-month-old bareroot loblolly pine seedlings. Emergence and seedling densities were determined at 3- and 8-week intervals after sowing, respectively, with root and shoot biomass measured at 12 weeks. All bacterial strains significantly increased the speed of seedling emergence relative to untreated loblolly and slash pine seeds, while five strains significantly slowed longleaf germination. For loblolly and slash pine, there were no differences in percentage germination when comparing treated and untreated seed. However, all bacterial strains significantly reduced longleaf germination over nontreated seed. Treatment with rhizobacteria had significant positive and negative effects on seedling growth and biomass, depending on the tree species and bacteria isolate used. Five of the eight bacterial isolates tested increased shoot length of loblolly pine seedlings, whereas one strain increased above- and belowground biomass. Slash pine seedlings experienced growth increases with three bacterial strains. However, two bacterial strains, ALA-41G and ALA-54G, resulted in shorter slash pine shoots. Only strain ALA-3G increased shoot biomass of longleaf pine over nontreated longleaf seed. Increased seedling emergence and growth promotion by rhizobacteria collected from Pinus sp. is a potential useful tool for management of these forest species. The effect may be species-specific and the use of bacteria in forest nurseries for growth promotion will need to take this into account. FOR. SCI. 51(6):541–545.
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DEMETRIO, WILIAN CARLO, PRISCILA MOURO DA FONSECA, RAFAELA DUDAS, MAURICIO G. R. ZAGATTO, ALEXANDER FEIJOO, and GEORGE GARDNER BROWN. "Earthworm species in native and planted forests in Brazil." Zootaxa 5255, no. 1 (2023): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25.
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Over 150 species of earthworms are known from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, but many more are expected to live in this megadiverse biome. In the present study, we evaluated earthworm species occurrence and diversity in native and reforested areas in four National Forests in three Brazilian states: Três Barras National Forest (Santa Catarina), Irati and Piraí do Sul National Forests (Paraná) and Capão Bonito National Forest (São Paulo) using formalin and hand sorting methods. A total of 13 species were found, five exotic and eight natives (of which four were new, undescribed species), belonging to six genera and five families (Rhinodrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae, Benhamiidae, Megascolecidae). In general, higher number of earthworms were collected in Araucaria plantations, except in Capão Bonito where Pinus sp. plantations had higher abundance. Hand sorting also collected more species in all forests, so this should be the preferred sampling method to evaluate earthworm communities. Formalin extraction was efficient only for epi-endogeic earthworms, most of them exotic species. Exotic pine species plantations tend to reduce species richness and abundance, compared with native forests and Araucaria plantations, and substitution of native vegetation for pine plantations should consider potential negative effects on soil animal populations.