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Academic literature on the topic 'Pioneer Health Centre'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pioneer Health Centre"

1

Conford, Philip. "‘Smashed by the National Health’? A Closer Look at the Demise of the Pioneer Health Centre, Peckham." Medical History 60, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2016.6.

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The Pioneer Health Centre, based in South London before and after the Second World War, remains a source of interest for advocates of a positive approach to health promotion in contrast with the treatment of those already ill. Its closure in 1950 for lack of funds has been blamed on the then recently established National Health Service, but this article argues that such an explanation is over-simplified and ignores a number of other factors. The Centre had struggled financially during the 1930s and tried to gain support from the Medical Research Council. The Council appeared interested in the Centre before the war, but was less sympathetic in the 1940s. Around the time of its closure and afterwards, the Centre was also involved in negotiations with London County Council; these failed because the Centre’s directors would not accept the changes which the Council would have needed to make. Unpublished documents reveal that the Centre’s directors were uncompromising and that their approach to the situation antagonised their colleagues. Changes in medical science also worked against the Centre. The success of sulphonamide drugs appeared to render preventive medicine less significant, while the development of statistical techniques cast doubt on the Centre’s experimental methods. The Centre was at the heart of the nascent organic farming movement, which opposed the rapid growth of chemical cultivation. But what might be termed ‘chemical triumphalism’ was on the march in both medicine and agriculture, and the Centre was out of tune with the mood of the times.

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HALL, L. A. "The Archives of the Pioneer Health Centre, Peckham, in the Wellcome Library." Social History of Medicine 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2001): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/14.3.525.

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Germann, Pascal. "David Kuchenbuch Das Peckham-Experiment. Eine Mikro- und Wissensgeschichte des Londoner „Pioneer Health Centre“ im 20. Jahrhundert." Historische Anthropologie 24, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/ha-2016-0212.

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Highmore, Ben. "Hopscotch Modernism: On Everyday Life and the Blurring of Art and Social Science." Modernist Cultures 2, no. 1 (May 2006): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e2041102209000197.

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From a remarkably innovative point of departure, Ben Highmore (University of Sussex) suggests that modernist literature and art were not the only cultural practices concerned with reclaiming the everyday and imbuing it with significance. At the same time, Roger Caillois was studying the spontaneous interactions involved in games such as hopscotch, while other small scale institutions such as the Pioneer Health Centre in Peckham, London attempted to reconcile systematic study and knowledge with the non-systematic exchanges in games and play. Highmore suggests that such experiments comprise a less-often recognised ‘modernist heritage’, and argues powerfully for their importance within early-twentieth century anthropology and the newly-emerged field of cultural studies.

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Simberloff, Daniel, and Otso Ovaskainen. "Ilkka Aulis Hanski. 14 February 1953—10 May 2016." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 68 (January 22, 2020): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2019.0033.

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Professor Ilkka Hanski made seminal contributions to both empirical and theoretical ecology and evolutionary biology, in particular metapopulation biology, throughout his scientific career. He started his career with dung beetle ecology, earning his doctorate at University of Oxford in 1979. He developed the rest of his career at University of Helsinki, where he was appointed professor in ecology in 1993 and academy professor in 2006. Hanski's most influential research was based on empirical work on the Glanville fritillary metapopulation in the Åland Islands, started in 1991, and continued until his death. His early research focused on ecological aspects of metapopulation biology, such as how the spatial structure of a landscape influences extinction thresholds, whereas his later work focused on genetic and evolutionary processes, such as maintenance of genetic variation by selection pressures varying with landscape structure. During the last years of his career, Hanski was a pioneer in the field of eco-evolutionary dynamics, showing how molecular-level underpinnings of trait variation can explain rapid evolutionary changes in natural populations. Hanski actively applied his research findings to conservation biology, involving himself in debates ranging from forest conservation in Finland to the links between human health and biodiversity. He was an exceptionally devoted group leader and mentor of younger researchers. His Metapopulation Research Centre grew gradually from a group consisting of Hanski and a few PhD students into a centre of 70 researchers.

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Prayitno, Sutrisno Adi, Maria Agustini, and Ully Wulandari. "The The Socialization of Yam Noodles Making Without Food Preservatives At The Health Pioneer In Nganjuk District." Kontribusia (Research Dissemination for Community Development) 3, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/kontribusia.v3i1.1059.

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The training and community service activities about the Unborax healthy food were carried out at Nganjuk District Training Center, which was attended by the pioneer of health. The objective of the program is to introduce the health pioneers of Nganjuk district about the importance of healthy food and dangers from the use of food additives such as borax and formaldehydewhich is often circulated freely, to motivate people be able to make their own food without using harmful food additives. The making of Unborax noodles introduced to the community with yam fortification is also used to motivate people to love the local food that is functional value. The method used is a social mentality approach and provides guidance and direct participatory practice of direct participative to the target of the health pioneer in Nganjuk that can be delivered to the community in each village. This training and counseling program is conducted by providing education that provides knowledge about local food, recommended food additives and prohibited by the government. Then continue to practice making wet noodles fortification from yam. Hopefully the community is more conscious with healthy food and local resources. In addition, it can also be processed in the form of other products ready to consume. The achievement gained after the training in making wet noodle without borax is all participants are able to understand the importance of healthy food without any preservatives prohibited. In addition, this training is able to awaken the community initiative to serve healthy food it self and sell it so that it can increase the income in the family. Key words: yam, wet noodles, fortification, healthy food, borax and formalin.

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Tahirović, Husref, and Brigitte Fuchs. "Kornelija Rakić: A Woman Doctor for Women and Children in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina." Acta Medica Academica 50, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.338.

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<p>This short biography focuses on the life and medical activities of Kornelija Rakić (1879–1952), a Serbian female pioneer of medicine from the then Hungarian province of Vojvodina, who acquired an MD from the University of Budapest in 1905. Rakić came from a humble background, and a Vojvodina Serbian women’s organization enabled her to become a physician and pursue her social medicine mission. After a futile attempt to open a private practice as a “woman doctor for women” in Novi Sad in 1906, she successfully applied to the Austro-Hungarian provincial government in Sarajevo for the position of an official female physician in occupied Bosnia. Rakić began her career as an Austro-Hungarian (AH) official female physician in Bihać (1908–1912) and was transferred to Banja Luka in 1912 and to Mostar in 1917–1918. Kornelija Rakić stayed in Mostar after the monarchy collapsed in 1918 and continued to work as a public health officer in the service of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, founded in 1918. Subsequently, she served as the head of the “dispensary for mothers and children” at the Public Health Centre in Mostar, founded in 1929, where she practiced until her retirement in 1949. After World War II, Rakić served as Vice President of the Red Cross Society in Mostar. She received numerous awards and medals from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia. Kornelija Rakić died in Mostar in 1952 and was buried at the local Orthodox cemetery of Bjelušine.</p><p><strong> Conclusion</strong>. Kornelija Rakić (1879–1952) was the first Serbian female physician in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, and she was employed as an AH official female physician in Bihać (1908–1912), Banja Luka (1912–1917) and Mostar (1917–1918). After World War I, she participated in the establishment and expansion of public health institutions in Mostar and Herzegovina from 1918–1949 against the backdrop of the devastation of the two World Wars.</p>

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Naqvi, Syed Nawab Haider. "Development Economics: The Winds of Change (Presidential Address)." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4I (December 1, 1992): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4ipp.341-363.

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Ever since its birth as a new discipline, development economics has experienced the heights of universal acclaim as a pioneer (ready to slay the dragon of poverty single-handed) as well as the depths of a heretic isolation (as an outsider to the realm of mainstream economics). Between these two views a consensus is emerging that there is a role, though a reduced one, for development economics. This role exists because the concern for growth and distribution, though in the very veins of mainstream economics, has been highlighted fully only by development economics. However, it is a somewhat reduced role because a greater recognition of the (marginal) utility of free markets, in place of an overly interventionist state - which requires it to speak the language of neo-classical economics, makes it difficult for it to differentiate its 'products' from those offered by others. There also appears to be a changing perception about the key variable(s) that development economics should focus on: the ends of development (i.e., improving the welfare of the people) rather than the means of achieving it (i.e., the growth of per capita income); a more comprehensive indicator of development composed of such components as longevity and literacy, rather than just per capita income; human capital rather than just physical capital to account for the positive contribution of educati0n and health to economic growth; the gains from international trade, instead of looking a. it as an instrument of exploitation of the 'periphery' by the 'centre'; the central role of total factor productivity in achieving high rates of economic growth; and so on.

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Olinger, John, and Jake W. Spidle. "The Lovelace Medical Center: Pioneer in American Health Care." Western Historical Quarterly 20, no. 3 (August 1989): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/969572.

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Ellis, John H., and Jake W. Spidle. "The Lovelace Medical Center: Pioneer in American Health Care." American Historical Review 94, no. 3 (June 1989): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873964.

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Books on the topic "Pioneer Health Centre"

1

Das Peckham-Experiment: Eine Mikro- und Wissensgeschichte des Londoner "Pioneer Health Centre" im 20. Jahrhundert. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2014.

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2

Being me and also us: Lessons from the Peckham Experiment. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1989.

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3

Maynard, Charles. Evaluation of Pioneer Center North. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Social and Health Services, Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, 1998.

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Maynard, Charles. Evaluation of Pioneer Center North. Olympia, WA: State of Washington, Dept. of Social and Health Services, Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, 1998.

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5

The Lovelace Medical Center: Pioneer in American health care. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987.

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6

Pioneers of cardiac surgery. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2007.

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7

Short, Henry J. Railroad doctors, hospitals, and associations: Pioneers in comprehensive low cost medical care. Upper Lake, Calif. (1407 W. Highway 20, Upper Lake 95485): H.J. Short, 1986.

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8

Brabers, Jules. Van pioniers tot professionals: De dienst humanistisch geestelijke verzorging bij de krijgsmacht (1964-2004). Utrecht: De Tijdstroom, 2006.

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Gail, Churchill Beryl, Shoshone Irrigation District (Wyo.), and Homesteader Museum, eds. Home in the valley: Powell's first century. Cody, Wyo: WordsWorth, 2008.

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10

A pool of information: The search for positive health : the Pioneer Health Centre, Peckham, 1939-50. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pioneer Health Centre"

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"11. „Peckham“ Nach Dem Pioneer Health Centre – Aktualisierungsversuche Im Sich Wandelnden Gesundheitsdiskurs (1959 – 2011)." In Das Peckham-Experiment, 169–80. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/boehlau.9783412217501.169.

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2

Ashton, John. "Roots and foundations." In Practising Public Health, 3–19. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743170.003.0001.

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This chapter traces the roots of modern public health to its foundations in the early nineteenth century. By describing the impact of rapid urbanization on the health conditions of the labouring poor, it sets the scene for an account of the work of the early pioneers such as Edwin Chadwick nationally, John Snow in London, and William Henry Duncan in Liverpool. It identifies a series of themes to guide the work of public health practitioners into the twenty-first century. These themes recur throughout the book as public health challenges evolve and mutate, society changes, and science offers greater opportunities for effective intervention.

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3

Tanne, Janice Hopkins. "Popular Magazines." In A Field Guide for Science Writers. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195174991.003.0014.

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I like to know how things work—why plaque piles up in arteries, how microbiologists identify different strains of bacteria, how surgeons separate conjoined twins, why some medical centers are better than others. I want to give people information that will help them make better medical decisions. The most exciting way to find these things out, and to inform the public, is by writing for popular magazines. Most magazine articles begin with a proposal, also called a query letter. For a piece I suggested to Child magazine, here's how I opened my proposal: . . . Eva Marie is an energetic 4-year-old beauty with big dark eyes, a shining pageboy haircut, and a hole in her heart. Yes, doctors said, the hole can be repaired, but the surgery will split open Eva's breastbone and leave a scar down the center of her small body. Eva Marie would spend three days in the pediatric intensive care unit and at least seven days in the hospital. How can you explain to a 4-year-old what major heart surgery means? Eva Marie's parents hoped to find a way to save her the pain, the scarring, and the lengthy recovery time. They were fortunate. Surgeons at New York University Medical Center who pioneered minimal-access heart surgery for adults are now using the technique to treat children's heart defects like the one Eva Marie was born with. . . . The editor liked the proposal and assigned me the story, which ran as the article “Gentle Repair for Tiny Hearts” in the August 2000 issue of Child. The major magazine markets for health and medical stories are general interest magazines, women's magazines, parenting magazines, health magazines, and science magazines. With a circulation of nearly 36 million and a readership of 80 million—nearly one-third of the nation—the granddaddy of general interest magazines is Parade. It is the Sunday magazine of 350 newspapers. Parade has a commitment to health coverage; it runs one major health story a month, plus a health column. It also features special issues on “Live Longer, Better, Wiser,” men's health, women's health, and issues keyed to important “disease weeks.”

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Nakayama, Izumi. "Gender, Health, and the Problem of “Precocious Puberty” in Meiji Japan." In Gender, Health, and History in Modern East Asia. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390908.003.0002.

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Mishima Michiyoshi, a Japanese pioneer of school hygiene, believed that Japanese children experienced precocious puberty, resulting in underdeveloped and inferior physical stature in comparison to European and American children. This analysis of comparative anatomies interpreted the inferiority of the “Japanese” body as embodiment of its diminutive status in politics and civilizations. This chapter shows how intellectuals, government bureaucrats, school hygienists, and pediatric specialists viewed and interpreted children’s bodies and their physical growth, illustrating the complex interactions between ideals of civilization and gendered norms in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Japan.

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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Determinants of health." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0006.

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For health services to deliver effective prevention and treatment, a detailed understanding of the factors influencing health is critical. These factors are known as the determinants of health. Failure to address the underlying causes of disease in society will mean that sustainable improvements in the health of the population and a reduction in health inequalities will never be achieved. Tackling the contemporary determinants of health across society is a core function of public health and has now become the focus of government health policy in many parts of the world (WHO 2008). Many clinicians often feel frustrated when their advice to patients on ways of staying healthy is apparently ignored. Why don’t people stop smoking when they know the serious health risks of the habit? Why do some parents continue to give their children sweets when they have been given clear advice on the harmful effects on the child’s oral health? It is important for all health professionals to understand the factors influencing their patients’ choices and actions. Clinicians equipped with this knowledge are more likely to be effective at supporting their patients and enjoying their professional work. When asked what factors determine health, many people would probably highlight the importance of modern medicine. The use of antibiotics, high-tech equipment, and surgical advances might all be given as the most important reasons for improvements in health that have been achieved in the last hundred years. Why is modern medicine credited with such achievements and is this a true reflection of reality? Professor Thomas McKeown, a pioneer in public health research, conducted a detailed historical analysis of the reasons for the steady reduction in mortality rates that occurred in westernized countries during the last century (McKeown 1979). In his classic analysis he investigated changes in mortality rates for different conditions. As can be seen in Figure 2.1, with infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, whooping cough, and measles, significant reductions in mortality rates occurred long before treatments and vaccination programmes were even introduced.

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O'Hanlon, Shane. "The Role of E-Health in Developing Nations." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 374–85. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3691-0.ch020.

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Many developing nations have begun to introduce elements of e-Health to improve service provision. This chapter provides an account of work in the area including case studies where pioneers have utilised modern mobile technologies to quickly and efficiently introduce new mHealth interventions, despite being resource-limited and having a heavy disease burden. Telemedicine has become well established, linking these nations with specialists in centres of excellence. Obstacles such as cost, inadequate infrastructure, data security, and the lack of a trained health informatics workforce need to be resolved. Several innovative solutions have been put forward: satellite broadband access for the most remote areas, international sponsorship initiatives, use of open source software, and exchange programmes for staff education. There is strong support from the World Health Organization and other international bodies, as development of the eHealth agenda has the potential to help ease access barriers and improve provision of healthcare in developing countries. This is explored in this chapter.

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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Principles of oral health promotion." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0014.

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Dental diseases affect a large number of people, cause much discomfort and pain, and are costly to treat. Their impact is therefore considerable, to both the individual and wider society (see Chapters 3 and 21 for a more detailed overview of oral health impacts). A particular concern is the pervasive nature of oral health inequalities with the burden of oral diseases now increasingly experienced amongst less educated and socially excluded groups in society. The causes of dental diseases are well known and effective preventive measures have been identified. However, treatment services still dominate oral health systems around the world. There is growing recognition within the dental profession that treatment services will never successfully treat away the causes of dental diseases (Blinkhorn 1998). In the Lancet , one of the top medical journals, an editorial on oral health highlighted the need to reorient dental services towards prevention (Lancet 2009). What type of preventive approach should be adopted to promote oral health and reduce inequalities? It is essential that preventive interventions address the underlying determinants of oral disease and inequalities to achieve sustainable improvements in population oral health. Effectiveness reviews of clinical preventive measures and health education programmes have highlighted that these approaches do not reduce oral health inequalities and only achieve short-term positive outcomes. A radically different preventive approach is therefore needed. If treatment services and traditional clinical preventive approaches are not capable of dealing effectively with dental diseases, then other options need to be considered. In recent decades, the health promotion movement has arisen, partly in response to the recognized limitations of treatment services to improve the health of the public. With escalating costs and wider acceptance that doctors and dentists are not able to cure most chronic conditions, increasing interest has focused on alternative means of dealing with health problems. The origins of health promotion date back to the work of public health pioneers in the 19th century. At that time, rapid industrialization led to the creation of poor and overcrowded working and living conditions for the majority of the working classes in the large industrial towns and cities of Europe and North America.

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Courant, Gérard, Dominique Chateau, and José Moure. "Cinématon: The Shortest Films for the Longest Film – A Dialogue." In Post-cinema. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727235_ch18.

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Since the mid-1970s, Gérard Courant has been one of those pioneers who seeks to test cinema’s limits from within and without, from the center of the medium to its peripheries. He continues his quest, never ceasing to accumulate a considerable number of films and, in particular, one film or series of films, which continues to grow, the Cinématon(s), which form the heart of this dialogue between Gérard Courant, Dominique Chateau and José Moure. Courant’s work, which comprises numerous filmed portraits of personalities as well as filmed street inventories, is of considerable extension. It is in this very principle of infinite proliferation of films of varying lengths that we find a kind of Mnemosyne cinema challenging the “de-definition” (Harold Rosenberg) of cinema which transforms it into post-art.

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Sharma, Bal Krishna. "Nepal." In Christianity in South and Central Asia, 168–79. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0015.

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Nepal is a country of over 28 million people, a multi-ethnic nation of more than 125 languages and a great variety of cultures. Hinduism is the major religion. Buddhism and animism also have a strong presence. Islam and Christianity are minority faiths, the latter of which is a growing religion but it is still not fully recognised by the government and suffers persecution. Christianity arrived in Nepal in 1662, when Italian Capuchin priests passed through Nepal en route to Tibet. During the 1970s churches started to grow in various parts of the country, though Christians were not allowed to preach and conversion to Christianity was prohibited. Today, there is estimated to be about 6,000 congregations, with the number rapidly increasing. Evangelism and church planting have been the heart of Nepalese Christianity, as pioneers of evangelistic and church-planting activities have made a great contribution to the growth of the church in Nepal from the 1950s. Community churches, where people gather for worship within their own local areas, are becoming more popular than denominational churches. The churches, both through their own programmes and in cooperation with other theological institutions, have developed formal theological education to equip their leaders and members.

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Obladen, Michael. "Selling safety." In Oxford Textbook of the Newborn, edited by Michael Obladen, 259–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198854807.003.0037.

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Industrialized food production appeared in 1856, pioneered by Borden in the US, Liebig in Germany, Nestlé in Switzerland, and Mellin in the UK. Their products differed remarkably and deviated from human and cow’s milk while physicians discussed the importance of minute variations in protein, fat, or carbohydrates. Proprietary formulas were free of bacteria, and the companies prospered from mass production, international marketing, and aggressive advertising. From 1932 onwards, medical societies restricted advertising to the laity. In 1939, Williams in Singapore and in 1970, Jelliffe in Jamaica suspected that commercial formula may increase infant mortality in the Third World. Breastfeeding continued to decline during the early 20th century, falling below 10% in 1970 in the US. The Swiss ‘Third World Group’ and the US ‘Infant Formula Action Coalition’ linked infant mortality and industry marketing in the Third World. The controversy of 1970–1984 led to the World Health Organization Code, which regulated the advertising and marketing of baby food. This was one of several public health statements contributing to the resurgence of breastfeeding.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pioneer Health Centre"

1

Razelos, P., and G. Michalakeas. "On the Transiant Response of Convective Extended Surface Heat Transfer: A New Approach." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13509.

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This work is devoted to the study of the extended surfaces transient response. Although, the steady-state fin analysis has attracted considerable attention for a very long time, the interest in the transient response started in the last quarter of the past century. Several publications have appeared since, either analytical using the 1-D, conduction model, or experimental. Perusing the pertinent literature, however, we have observed that, in all previous published papers the authors treat the transient response of extended surfaces, or fins, like regular solids. However, fin endeavors rest on certain fundamental concepts, leading to some simplified assumptions, that we shall briefly discuss in the next section, which allows using the 1-D conduction model, and affect their steady-state operation. Therefore, the need for re-examining and revising the previously used methods becomes apparent. However, the authors are indebted to the pioneer workers on this topic that opened new avenues in the field of extended surface heat transfer. The aim of this work is to offer a different point of view to this problem, by introducing a new spatial coordinate system, and a new time scale. The solutions presented here, rest on the previously mentioned certain fundamental concepts developed recently. In the following we show step by step, how the existing pertinent equations and formulas of fins' transient response, are transformed to new simpler forms, expressed in terms of more appropriate dimensionless parameters, in accord with those appearing in recent publications. In the following, we confine to the analysis of constant thickness longitudinal and pin fins subject to specific1 boundary conditions. Each case is accompanied with an example that, for reasons of comparison are taken from the literature. We also discuss what is meant by "the time required for transient response to attain the steady-state condition."

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