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Journal articles on the topic 'Pipe Inspection Gauge (PIG)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhou, Faqi, Haoye Lin, Ying Zhang, Suyang Zhao, Shuangcheng Fu, and Hui Zhang. "Analysis via 3D FEM of the Passing Capacity of Pipeline Inspection Gauges in Bends with Different Curvatures." Processes 11, no. 12 (2023): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11123288.

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Pipeline inspection gauges easily become wedged in offshore and onshore small-diameter pipelines (where the outer diameter, D, of the pipe is less than 150 mm), particularly at the bends. To reveal the relationship between PIG capacity and bend curvature radius, a quantitative study on the passing capacity of PIG was conducted in this paper from three key perspectives of performance: safe application, sealing, and driving. The results demonstrate that the pipeline inspection gauge exhibits better passing capacity as the curvature radius of the bend increases. To improve the poorest passing cap

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2

Zhang, Liang, Jiawei Zhou, and Honggang He. "Modeling and Simulation of Pigging for a Gas Pipeline Using a Bypass Pig." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 15, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2047352.

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The pipeline inspection gauge (PIG, lowercase pig is commonly used) with a bypass valve is widely used in pipeline inspection because it operates at a low speed without reducing the flow rate. Understanding the dynamics of a bypass pig in a gas pipeline would contribute to the design of the pig and the control of pig speed. This paper deals with the dynamic model for the process of a bypass pig travelling through a hilly gas pipeline. The method of characteristics (MOC) is used to solve the equations of unsteady gas flow. The backward flow of the gas in the bypass valve and pipe is shown by a

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3

Dr., Shadrack Mathew Uzoma, M.Ojapah M., and A. Briggs T. "Design and Analysis and Cost Imperative of A Prototype Pig Launcher for Upstream Oil Sector." International Journal of Engineering Research & Science (IJOER) 10, no. 3 (2024): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10899945.

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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong>—</strong> <em>This research is on design of and fabrication of a single barrel pig launcher. A 14 inches diameter pipe was used for the main launcher barrel and a 10 inches diameter pipe used for the minor barrel. These parts were joined by welding processes. Components such as signaler, vent, drainer, pressure gauge, eccentric reducer, etc, were welded alongside the pipe. The launcher was designed to withstand fluid pressure of 200bar and also accommodate a single pig during launching operation. Solid cast pig was employed and launcher designed

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4

Nguyen, Hoa-Hung, Jae-Hyun Park, and Han-You Jeong. "A Simultaneous Pipe-Attribute and PIG-Pose Estimation (SPPE) Using 3-D Point Cloud in Compressible Gas Pipelines." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031196.

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An accurate estimation of pipe attributes, pose of pipeline inspection gauge (PIG), and downstream pipeline topology is essential for successful in-line inspection (ILI) of underground compressible gas pipelines. Taking a 3D point cloud of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) or time-of-flight (ToF) camera as the input, in this paper, we present the simultaneous pipe-attribute and PIG-pose estimation (SPPE) approach that estimates the optimal pipe-attribute and PIG-pose parameters to transform a 3D point cloud onto the inner pipe wall surface: major- and minor-axis lengths, roll, pitch, and yaw

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5

Mishra, Devesh, Krishna Kant Agrawal, Ali Abbas, Rekha Srivastava, and R. S. Yadav. "PIG [Pipe Inspection Gauge]: An Artificial Dustman for Cross Country Pipelines." Procedia Computer Science 152 (2019): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.05.009.

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6

Tan, Gui Bin, Shi Min Zhang, and Xiao Xiao Zhu. "Design of the Speed Regulating PIG with Butterfly Bypass-Valve." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.429.

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Foreign development regarding devices for speed regulating of in-pipe robot inspection has been commercially applied in gas pipeline this decade, however, the results of theoretical and structural research on bypass device were scaled in and abroad after the research of literature. First, this paper deals with the new structure of a butterfly bypass-valve, the basic parts and working principle on this speed regulating unit. The using of a butterfly disc in bypass-hole of PIG (pipeline inspection gauge) can achieve a speed regulating purpose in bypass-PIG. Next, the theoretical model of pressur

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7

John, Binil, and M. Shafeek. "Pipe inspection robots: a review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1272, no. 1 (2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1272/1/012016.

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Pipelines are one of the safe and most economical ways of transporting fluid matters in industries and households. These pipelines get deteriorated due to aging, internal and external corrosion, and so on. This may cause fluid leakages and may contaminate the environment. So, pipelines are inspected regularly to maintain proper functioning and cost-effectiveness. In-pipe inspection robots (IPIR) that move inside pipelines are widely used to carry out inspection operations. IPIR along with visual and other r non-destructive tests (NDT) are proven to be useful compared to manual inspection. Whee

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8

He, Honggang, and Zheng Liang. "Speed Simulation of Pig Restarting from Stoppage in Gas Pipeline." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 7, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4036253.

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Pigging is a common operation in the oil and gas industry. Because of the compressibility of the gas, starting up a pipeline inspection gauge (pig) from a stoppage can generate a very high speed of the pig, which is dangerous to the pipe and the pig itself. Understanding the maximum speed a pig achieves in the restarting process would contribute to pig design and safe pigging. This paper presents the modeling of a pig restarting from a stoppage in gas pipeline. In the model, the transient equations of gas flow are solved by method of characteristics (MOC). Runge-Kutta method is used for solvin

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9

He, Honggang, Zheng Liang, and Yishan Guo. "Inlet pressure simulation of pigging in uphill gas pipeline." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 4 (2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019020.

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Pipe cleaning is a common operation in the oil and gas industry. In this paper, the governing equation of the pipeline inspection gauge (PIG, lowercase pig is commonly used) speed is combined with the gas flow equations. The method of characteristics (MOC) is used to solve the transient equations of gas flow. And the process of a pig passing over an uphill section of a gas pipeline is simulated. The results indicate that a pig may get stuck in uphill gas pipeline, due to the coupling of the gas and the pig. Under these circumstances, a higher pressure of the upstream could be helpful for drivi

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10

Li, Rui, Maolin Cai, Yan Shi, Qingshan Feng, Shucong Liu, and Xiaoming Zhao. "Pipeline Bending Strain Measurement and Compensation Technology Based on Wavelet Neural Network." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8363242.

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The bending strain of long distance oil and gas pipelines may lead to instability of the pipeline and failure of materials, which seriously deteriorates the transportation security of oil and gas. To locate the position of the bending strain for maintenance, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is usually adopted in a Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG). The attitude data of the IMU is usually acquired to calculate the bending strain in the pipe. However, because of the vibrations in the pipeline and other system noises, the resulting bending strain calculations may be incorrect. To improve the meas

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11

Wu, Zhenning, Huaguang Zhang, Jinhai Liu, Zongjie Qiu, and Mo Zhao. "A PCA and ELM Based Adaptive Method for Channel Equalization in MFL Inspection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/124968.

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Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) as an efficient method for pipeline flaw detection plays important role in pipeline safety. This nondestructive test technique assesses the health of the buried pipeline. The signal is gathered by an array of hall-effect sensors disposed at the magnetic neutral plane of a pair of permanent magnet in the pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) clinging to the inner surface of the pipe wall. The magnetic flux measured by the sensors reflects the health condition of the pipe. The signal is influenced by not only the condition of the pipe, but also by the lift-off value of the

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12

Ramirez-Martinez, Antonio, Noé Rodríguez-Olivares, Sergio Torres-Torres, Guillermo Ronquillo-Lomelí, and Jorge Soto-Cajiga. "Design and Validation of an Articulated Sensor Carrier to Improve the Automatic Pipeline Inspection." Sensors 19, no. 6 (2019): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061394.

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Pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs) carry out automatic pipeline inspection with nondestructive testing (NDT) technologies like ultrasound, magnetic flux leakage, and eddy current. The ultrasonic straight beam allows technicians to determine the wall thickness of the pipeline through the time of flight diffraction (TOFD), providing the pipeline reconstruction and allowing the detection of several defects like dents or corrosion. If the pipeline is of a long distance, then the inspection process is automatic, and the fluid pressure pushes the PIG through the pipeline system. In this case, the PIG

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13

Olugboji, O. A., M. S. Abolarin, O. Adedipe, C. Ajani, G. Atolagbe, and E. N. Aba. "Pipeline inspection using a low-cost Wi-Fi based intelligent pigging solution." Nigerian Journal of Technology 41, no. 5 (2022): 844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v41i5.4.

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This study presents a low-cost smart pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) designed for pipeline defect (leakage) detection, and for quick data access and recovery for the purpose of analysis, utilizing locally sourced materials and off-the-shelf sensors and electronics. The PIG’s electronic circuit is designed to house the sensors and allow for easy reception and transfer of pressure measurements to the pipeline manager’s laptop via a WiFi module. A pressure sensor, a motion sensor, a wireless communicator, and an Arduino Microcontroller are utilized in the development of this PIG. The PIG was test

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14

Chen, Shengtao, Lei Xia, Xiaolu Wang, et al. "Motion Law and Mechanical Properties of PIGs When Passing through a Pipe Bend." Machines 10, no. 10 (2022): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100963.

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Pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs), as a kind of pipeline robot, are very efficient tools for cleaning and inspecting pipelines. However, the occurrence of obstructions in PIGs has always been a problem. The main cause of the PIG clogging pipeline problem is the reduced pressure differential between the front and rear due to damage to the cup. In this paper, a rigid-flexible coupled multibody dynamic motion system is established by importing flexible bodies. The stress and contact force generated by the elastic deformation of the cup in the pipe are analyzed. Moreover, the spacing ratio of PIG

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15

Tian, Hao, Sunyi Wang, Minglei Fu, Dayong Ning, and Yongjun Gong. "Smart Cup for In-Situ 3D Measurement of Wall-Mounted Debris via 2D Sensing Grid in Production Pipelines." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (2023): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020489.

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The accumulation of separated out impurities from pipeline transported medium onto the pipe wall is a major cause of downtime maintenance of oil and gas production systems. To regularly scrub off wall-mounted debris and probe the severity, pipeline inspection gauges (PIG) are the state-of-the-art tools developed for the task, using the pressure differential across the device as the driving force, and tag-along sensing equipment for wall defects measurement. Currently, the PIG propulsion and sensing tasks are realized by separate compartments, limited to large diameter operations. In this work,

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16

Zi Li, Low, Masli Irwan Rosli, and Dedikarni Panuh. "Velocity Modelling for Pipeline Inspection Gauge." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 31, no. 2 (2019): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2019-31(2)-11.

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Pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs) apply in oil and gas industries, particularly in cleaning, dewatering, and inspecting pipelines. Also, both the speed and driving pressure for the PIGs operation are deduced basis on the guesswork or experience. In this study, the dynamic behaviour of PIGs in gas pipelines is investigated. The dynamic differential equations of PIG velocity are used to calculate the motion of models Solghar and Nieckele. Differential and other conditional equations are simultaneously solved by using the ODE45 built-in function of the MATLAB® software. Generally, the dynamic mot

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17

Freitas, Victor Carvalho Galvão De, Valbério Gonzaga De Araujo, Daniel Carlos de Carvalho Crisóstomo, Gustavo Fernandes De Lima, Adrião Duarte Dória Neto, and Andrés Ortiz Salazar. "Velocity Prediction of a Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) with Machine Learning." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239162.

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A device known as a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) runs through oil and gas pipelines which performs various maintenance operations in the oil and gas industry. The PIG velocity, which plays a role in the efficiency of these operations, is usually determined indirectly from odometers installed in it. Although this is a relatively simple technique, the loss of contact between the odometer wheel and the pipeline results in measurement errors. To help reduce these errors, this investigation employed neural networks to estimate the speed of a prototype PIG, using the pressure difference that acts

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18

Deepak, B. B. V. L., M. V. A. Raju Bahubalendruni, and B. B. Biswal. "Development of in-pipe robots for inspection and cleaning tasks." International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 4, no. 3 (2016): 182–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijius-07-2016-0004.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the reviews of past research work on various in-pipe robotic systems and their operations. This investigation has been focussed on the implemented methodologies for performing in-pipe cleaning and inspection tasks. Design/methodology/approach This work has been concentrated on review of various sensors used in robots to perform in-pipes inspection operation for determining flaws/cracks, corrosion-affected areas, blocks and coated paint thickness. Various actuators like DC motors, servo motors, pneumatic operated and hydraulic operated are discus

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19

Ramírez, Ricardo, and Max Dutra. "Evaluating drag force and geometric optimisation of pipeline inspection gadget (PIG) body with bypass." Ingeniería e Investigación 31, no. 2 (2011): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v31n2.23474.

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A pipeline inspection gadget (PIG) is a device used to run through pipelines for cleaning, measurement and inspection operations. By-pass is the name for one or a set of orifices allowing flow from back to front of a PIG. It is used for speed control or to improve cleaning operations results. By-pass prevents speed excursions in gas pipelines thereby avoiding damage to the PIG or the pipe. Studies and algorithms have been developed to simulate the dynamics of PIGs running inside pipes. Most studies have been for gas pipelines; these have helped to design some PIG models. This work summarises a

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20

Zhou, Tian, Fan Yang, Wei Liu, and Yue Tan. "Analysis of rainwater overflow in underground pipe network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2280, no. 1 (2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2280/1/012055.

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Abstract Urban rainwater pipe network is a direct way to resist urban waterlogging, and its safe and stable operation is the premise to ensure the normal operation of the city. However, in China and even around the world, the monitoring means for the operation of urban rainwater pipe network are very limited. For the occurrence and solution of urban waterlogging, it often mainly depends on the means of personnel inspection to monitor where the rainwater pipe network overflows, and then take measures. There is no effective monitoring method for the whole rainwater pipe network. Therefore, an ac

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21

Long, Yue, Songling Huang, Lisha Peng, Wenzhi Wang, Shen Wang, and Wei Zhao. "High-Precision and Four-Dimensional Tracking System with Dual Receivers of Pipeline Inspection Gauge." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 3366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083366.

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Pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs) are widely used for nondestructive testing of oil and natural gas pipelines, while above ground markers (AGMs) can locate and track the PIG through a variety of methods, including magnetic flux leakage signals, acoustic signals, and extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic signals. Traditional AGMs have the disadvantages of low positioning accuracy and only one-dimensional tracking capability. In this paper, a newly-designed PIG tracking system based on the ELF magnetic field is proposed by assembling dual receivers. Moreover, this paper develops a magnetic fiel

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22

Rabby, Md Insiat Islam, Siti Ujila Masuri, Ahmad Syakir Fariz Samsul Kamal, Zulkiflle Leman, Abdul Aziz Hairuddin, and Nuraini Abdul Aziz. "Flow Characteristics of Disk Bypass Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) in Natural Gas Pipelines using Computational Fluid Dynamics." CFD Letters 13, no. 4 (2021): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.13.4.1137.

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Disk bypass pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) is considered as an efficient device for pigging operations including cleaning, maintaining and inspecting pipelines. The PIG performance is influenced by the fluid flow characteristics as PIG moves forward due to differential pressure of fluid around the PIG. This study focuses on flow characterization of fluid around disk bypass PIG for natural gases pipelines including methane, ethane, and butane using computational fluid dynamics approach. The control volume method with steady state Turbulent k-? model was applied for simulation purposes using AN

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23

Song, Zhen, and Yunli Luo. "Research Status and Development Trend of Oil and Gas Pipeline Robot." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (2022): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v3i3.2914.

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The oil and gas pipeline will have defects such as wear, cracks, corrosion, aging and mechanical damage in the working process, which need to be detected and repaired in time. At present, there are various types of robots in the field of pipeline inspection, including wheeled robots, tracked robots, PIG robots, screw driven robots, walking robots, and inchworm robots. In this paper, the specifications, design and performance of different types of in pipe inspection robots are reviewed. Finally, a summary and prospect are made to provide a theoretical basis for the design and research of robots

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24

Jiang, Jinxu, Yang Kang, Chunxiao Jiao, et al. "Numerical investigation on the sealing performance of pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) Crossing Elbows." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (November 4, 2020): 012167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012167.

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25

Su, Yuming, Lijian Yang, Hao Geng, et al. "Numerical Study and Optimization of Speed Control Unit for Submarine Natural Gas Pipeline Pig." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 8 (2024): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081384.

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The speed control of a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) directly affects the quality of the comprehensive inspection of submarine pipelines. However, the mechanism of the gas flow behavior in a pipeline under the influence of a pig speed control valve is not well understood. In this study, the driving differential pressure of a pig was modeled based on the building block method and numerical simulations. For the first time, the influence of the pressure and flow rate of the gas in a pipeline on the torque of the speed control valve opening process was studied. The results show that when the ope

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Figueiredo Junior, Heber, Roger Matsumoto Moreira, and Pedro Bastos Costa. "Discontinuity measurement uncertainty evaluation using the Feeler PIG." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 13 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2022017.

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The Feeler PIG is equipment that uses a geometric sensor to carry out the internal inspection of piping of different sizes. Several experiments on laboratory benches were carried out to evaluate the measuring accuracy of the Feeler PIG, considering a rotating metallic disk with discontinuities machined in its body and a single sensor for the detection of defects. The present work aims to study the measurement uncertainties with the Feeler PIG, through a laboratory experiment, comparing the results found by the device measurements, in a pipe with a nominal diameter of 6” in PVC, with synthetic

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27

Guan, Lianwu, Xiaodan Cong, Qing Zhang, et al. "A Comprehensive Review of Micro-Inertial Measurement Unit Based Intelligent PIG Multi-Sensor Fusion Technologies for Small-Diameter Pipeline Surveying." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (2020): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090840.

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It is of great importance for pipeline systems to be is efficient, cost-effective and safe during the transportation of the liquids and gases. However, underground pipelines often experience leaks due to corrosion, human destruction or theft, long-term Earth movement, natural disasters and so on. Leakage or explosion of the operating pipeline usually cause great economical loss, environmental pollution or even a threat to citizens, especially when these accidents occur in human-concentrated urban areas. Therefore, the surveying of the routed pipeline is of vital importance for the Pipeline Int

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28

Jarić, Marko, Sanja Petronić, Zagorka Brat, Suzana Polić, and Ivana Vasović Maksimović. "Pipeline Inspection Gauge Trap Integrity Estimation for Upcoming Pigging Activities on Midstream Pipeline." Processes 13, no. 4 (2025): 1255. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13041255.

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This paper focuses on a midstream pipeline to help us develop a better understanding of Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) operation. A methodological combination of non-destructive testing (NDT), non-destructive evaluation (NDE), and risk-based inspection (RBI) was applied within an engineering system compatible with industry standards. In this sense, the implementation of the protocol and an assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed research model for solving problems that occur during a PIG’s working life, such as damage mechanisms and methods for its repair, are presented. The RBI metho

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29

Mustaffa, Zahiraniza, Thar M. Badri Albarody, and Azrulfirdaus Muhamad Roshdi. "Finite Element Assessment of Difficult Pipelines at Bends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.253.

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This paper presents numerical assessment of difficult pipelines at bends using the finite element method (FEM). Difficult pipelines are those that are unable to be inspected using a pig inspection tool. These unpiggable pipes, especially at the bend sections, exhibit difficulties to be piggable for several reasons, thus they are exposed to hazards that can neither be inspected nor controlled. The structural response of the bends is then required to be investigated. This paper aims at simulating the structural response of bends caused by internal corrosions using the ANSYS FEM software. Circula

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de Araújo, Renan, Victor de Freitas, Gustavo de Lima, Andrés Salazar, Adrião Neto, and André Maitelli. "Pipeline Inspection Gauge’s Velocity Simulation Based on Pressure Differential Using Artificial Neural Networks." Sensors 18, no. 9 (2018): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093072.

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Industrial pipelines must be inspected to detect typical failures, such as obstructions and deformations, during their lifetime. In the petroleum industry, the most used non-destructive technique to inspect buried pipelines is pigging. This technique consists of launching a Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) inside the pipeline, which is driven by the pressure differential produced by fluid flow. The purpose of this work is to study the application of artificial neural networks to calculate the PIG’s velocity based on the pressure differential. We launch a prototype PIG inside a testing pipeline,

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31

Piao, Guanyu, Jingbo Guo, Tiehua Hu, and Yiming Deng. "High-Sensitivity Real-Time Tracking System for High-Speed Pipeline Inspection Gauge." Sensors 19, no. 3 (2019): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030731.

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Real-time tracking of pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs) is an important aspect of ensuring the safety of oil and gas pipeline inline inspections (ILIs). Transmitting and receiving extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic signals is one of the preferred methods of tracking. Due to the increase in physical parameters of the pipeline including transportation speed, wall thickness and burial depth, the ELF magnetic signals received are short transient (1-second duration) and very weak (10 pT), making the existing above-ground-marker (AGM) systems difficult to operate correctly. Based on the short tr

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Liu, Chang, Yungang Wei, Yuguang Cao, Shihua Zhang, and Yongtai Sun. "Traveling ability of pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) in elbow under different friction coefficients by 3D FEM." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 75 (March 2020): 103134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2019.103134.

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Lv, Zhen, Guochen Wang, Zicheng Wang, Huachuan Zhao, and Wei Gao. "Application of Weld Scar Recognition in Small-Diameter Transportation Pipeline Positioning System." Electronics 11, no. 7 (2022): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071100.

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In order to improve the positioning accuracy of the pipeline inspection gauge (PIG), a pipeline positioning method, based on weld location, is proposed. The position of the welding scar is recognized by wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM). Equidistant welding scars provide positioning references to the strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS)/dead reckoning (DR) navigation system, which is the positioning algorithm in PIG. The following improvements have been made in relation to prior research. First, we suggest a selection strategy for the optimal mother wavelet and decomposition leve

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Ma, Qiuping, Guiyun Tian, Yanli Zeng, et al. "Pipeline In-Line Inspection Method, Instrumentation and Data Management." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113862.

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Pipelines play an important role in the national/international transportation of natural gas, petroleum products, and other energy resources. Pipelines are set up in different environments and consequently suffer various damage challenges, such as environmental electrochemical reaction, welding defects, and external force damage, etc. Defects like metal loss, pitting, and cracks destroy the pipeline’s integrity and cause serious safety issues. This should be prevented before it occurs to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline. In recent years, different non-destructive testing (NDT) methods

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35

Cao, Yuguang, Chang Liu, Hongjun Tian, Yongtai Sun, and Shihua Zhang. "Mechanical behaviors of pipeline inspection gauge (pig) in launching process based on Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 197 (June 2022): 104622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2022.104622.

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Sampath, Santhakumar, Bishakh Bhattacharya, Pouria Aryan, and Hoon Sohn. "A Real-Time, Non-Contact Method for In-Line Inspection of Oil and Gas Pipelines Using Optical Sensor Array." Sensors 19, no. 16 (2019): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163615.

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Corrosion is considered as one of the most predominant causes of pipeline failures in the oil and gas industry and normally cannot be easily detected at the inner surface of pipelines without service disruption. The real-time inspection of oil and gas pipelines is extremely vital to mitigate accidents and maintenance cost as well as to improve the oil and gas transport efficiency. In this paper, a new, non-contact optical sensor array method for real-time inspection and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of pipelines is presented. The proposed optical method consists of light emitting diodes (LE

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37

Haniffa, Mohamad Azmi Md, and Fakhruldin M. Hashim. "Recent Developments in Contra-Flow Crawler in Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.784.

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Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) is a device which is inserted into a pipeline and travels throughout the entire length of pipeline and has been used since over 100 years in the petroleum industries to maintain the condition of pipelines mainly for smoothness of production and transportation of hydrocarbon products. Setbacks of conventional PIG; (1) can only move in the direction of the fluid flow, and therefore, (2) they need to be inserted at a specific point in the pipeline during application. This exercise is costly or even dangerous in some circumstances as it requires intervention of huma

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Nath, Aditya. "A critical review of pigging operations in the pipeline." i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 1 (2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jme.13.1.19030.

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Pigging is commonly utilized in pipelines for different maintenance tasks such as cleaning and inspecting pipes using pigging pigs. This is done without interrupting the flow of goods via the pipeline. The operation is carried out by introducing a pig from the source to the end-point of the pipeline. During the pig's travel through the pipeline, it brushes out the trapped product and cleans the pipe walls. It is also utilized for pipeline inspection, providing us with interior data such as corrosion characteristics, and identifying dents, wrinkles, buckles, welding faults, and fractures. It en

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Tesfaye, T., M. S. Mohammed, and K. Ki-Seong. "Mapping of ultrasonic thickness measurements using laser grid projection and image processing." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 61, no. 11 (2019): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2019.61.11.643.

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A three-dimensional surface mapping method for ultrasonic thickness measurements is proposed to enable the dimensions and positions of measured values obtained by the conventional ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors on curved surfaces to be determined. The proposed system consists of a laser pattern generator and image processing methods. The laser grid produced by the pattern generator is projected onto the surface of the item to be inspected, mathematical relationships are developed to localise the grid nodes on the inspection surface and images are then captured using a complemen

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Aleshin, Nikolay P., Nikolay V. Krysko, Nikita A. Shchipakov, and Leonid Yu Mogilner. "Optimization of mechanized ultrasonic testing parameters for extended welds." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, no. 6 (2020): 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-6-574-585.

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The requirements for the speed, pitch and scanning direction, and also for ensuring acoustic contact maintenance and taking into account the anisotropy of rolled products during mechanized ultrasonic testing of extended welds of steel structures are formulated based on the research conducted and the analysis of the literature data on the conditions of diagnostics for main pipelines facilities. The relevance of the work is determined by a large amount of welded joints inspection, including butt and longitudinal pipe welds, casings of pig-trap stations, filters of different application purposes,

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Poser, Maja, Dobre Runchev, and Filip Zdraveski. "Welding tehnology for steel P460NL2." Zavarivanje i zavarene konstrukcije 67, no. 4 (2022): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zzk2204167p.

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This paper presents the development of welding technology for P460NL2 steel with a thickness of 30 mm. The technology was developed for the purpose of producing housings in which the device PIG-Pipeline Inspection/Intervention Gauge intended for testing and maintenance of pipelines is installed. In this particular case, the housings were intended for cleaning pipelines for the transport of acid-aggressive gases. The material was selected in accordance with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 and ASME BPVC IKS standards. The welding technology is made for butt joint, root pass with GMAW, and other layers fil

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Rodríguez-Olivares, Noé, José Cruz-Cruz, Alejandro Gómez-Hernández, et al. "Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline Inspection." Sensors 18, no. 9 (2018): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092950.

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This paper presents the improvement of an ultrasonic pulse generator for a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG), which uses 64 transducers for inspecting distances up to 100 km with an axial resolution fixed at 3 mm and variable speeds between 0 and 2 m/s. An ultrasonic pulse generator is composed of a high-voltage (HV) MOSFETs, driver logic and an HV power supply. We used a DC-HV DC converter device as the HV power supply because it reduces the size of the ultrasound system considerably. However, pipeline geometry and inspection effects such as hammer and shock cause a variable pulse repetition fr

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Long, Yue, Songling Huang, Yang Zheng, Shen Wang, and Wei Zhao. "A Method Using Magnetic Eddy Current Testing for Distinguishing ID and OD Defects of Pipelines under Saturation Magnetization." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 9 (2020): 1089–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.350916.

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Distinguishing the inside (ID) and outside (OD) defect is an essential problem for the oil and gas pipeline nondestructive testing in engineering. The most widely used solution is to combine a magnetic flux leakage (MFL) section and a second section. For the strong magnetic field environment of the MFL, the second section and the MFL section are usually located at different mechanical positions, which leads to an increase in the length of the pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) and a decrease in the reliability. In this paper, a new impedance measurement method and the concept of the defect impeda

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Gowasa, Estomi, Afdal Afdal, Veny Selviyanty, Risal Abu, and Mukhnizar Mukhnizar. "Analisis Perbaikan dan Pemeliharaan Sistem Pendingin (Air Conditioner) Pada Mobil Jazz New." Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi 6, no. 3 (2023): 770–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jutin.v6i3.17096.

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In a new Honda Jazz car, there is a rotten smell coming from inside the AC cabin, the temperature is not cold and causes the windshield to fog up. The purpose of the research is to find out the causes of damage to the AC system and appropriate maintenance actions. The method used is primary data, namely by direct inspection it is known that the refrigerant parameters are low on the pressure gauge manifold device on both sides LO 0.6–0.8 kg/cm2 and HI 8–9 kg/cm2. Damage to the capillary pipe is leaking. The action taken is to replace the capillary tube components, so the temperature parameters

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Soelistiyono, Dony, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Badrul Munir, et al. "Uplifting the study of the inline inspection technique on the buckling pipelines in pipeline integrity management strategy." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 1 (128) (2024): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.301542.

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This work reports the development of inline inspection (ILI) methodology to enhance the pigging activity for the dented pipeline, facilitate the pigging process to prevent Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) from getting stuck and improve the safety passage for buckled pipelines. The recent report unveils the condition of the UNPIGGABLE pipelines, which reduce the inner diameter of pipelines to 257.51 mm, equivalent to 27.58 % of the initial diameter and restricts the pigging activity. In this report, the pull-through test coupled with the collapsibility test was conducted. The success of the test

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Junior, Carlos Antonio Berto, and Sérgio Ricardo Lourenço. "Sistema de monitoramento da corrosão interna de gasoduto por meio de processamento digital de sinais." Exacta 4, no. 2 (2008): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/exacta.v4i2.773.

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O gás natural possui alguns contaminantes que, além de serem corrosivos, comprometem a qualidade para o consumo. Dessa forma, a condensação de água residual presente no gás pode iniciar um processo corrosivo localizado, que acarreta prejuízo à estrutura dos gasodutos. Devido à grande extensão dos dutos, os corrosivos comprometem a qualidade do gás e causam grandes transtornos de ordem operacional. Para avaliar a redução da espessura da parede metálica do duto, proveniente de efeitos corrosivos, e identificar fissuras e outras não-conformidades, é fundamental que seja feito o monitoramento cont

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Junior, Carlos Antonio Berto, and Sérgio Ricardo Lourenço. "Sistema de monitoramento da corrosão interna de gasoduto por meio de processamento digital de sinais DOI: 10.5585/exacta.v4i2.773." Exacta 4, no. 2 (2008): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/exactaep.v4i2.773.

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O gás natural possui alguns contaminantes que, além de serem corrosivos, comprometem a qualidade para o consumo. Dessa forma, a condensação de água residual presente no gás pode iniciar um processo corrosivo localizado, que acarreta prejuízo à estrutura dos gasodutos. Devido à grande extensão dos dutos, os corrosivos comprometem a qualidade do gás e causam grandes transtornos de ordem operacional. Para avaliar a redução da espessura da parede metálica do duto, proveniente de efeitos corrosivos, e identificar fissuras e outras não-conformidades, é fundamental que seja feito o monitoramento cont

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Romanov, S. A., S. V. Kazban, N. V. Zharinova, I. F. Faizov, and M. Yu Rasskazov. "SELECTION OF A METHOD FOR MONITORING THE PIPELINE FOR THE PRESENCE OF CORROSION DAMAGES." Petroleum Engineering 22, no. 3 (2024): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2024-3-123-130.

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Pitting corrosion is a form of localized destruction of metals and alloys. Leads to the formation of depressions in certain areas of the surface of metal products.This type of metal destruction is unpredictable and the most dangerous:— pitting grows deeper into the metal at a rate exceeding the rate of general corrosion;— rapid development can lead to the formation of corrosion cracks, fistulas or pinpoint through destruction of the metal;— due to its rapid spread and small size, the defect is not easy to detect even with the use of non-destructive testing methods;— with a large accumulation o

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Yamamoto, Blake, and Lloyd H. Hihara. "Accuracy and Limitations of Measuring Corrosion Rates and Depth of Penetration on Corroded Steel Plates Using Dual-Element Ultrasonic Sensors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 17 (2024): 1709. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02171709mtgabs.

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Monitoring corrosion is a vital step to prevent catastrophic structural failure. With accurate corrosion rate data, the risk of failure can be mitigated by performing routine maintenance on components that have become compromised. When corrosion occurs in an inaccessible area such as the inside of a pipe or back side of an underground storage tank, however, conventional monitoring techniques such as visual inspection are inadequate or impossible. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques must be used to determine the condition of the structure to maintain its integrity. Ultrasonic (UT) Thick

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Abd Aziz, M. Azreen Firdaus, Mariani Idroas, Zainal Zakaria, A. Ridhwan Md Zin, and M. Nasir Ibrahim. "The Use of Reflection Mode Ultrasonic Transceiver Sensor in Pipeline Inspection Guage to Monitor Pipeline Internal Corrosion." Jurnal Teknologi 70, no. 3 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v70.3471.

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Aging gas transmission pipelines are prone to internal corrosion due to the presence of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in the natural gas constituents. Commonly, the in-line inspection tool known as Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) is applied to perform the corrosion inspection of the pipeline. This paper describes an ultrasonic instrumentation system for PIG to monitor internal corrosion of pipeline. The system consists of ultrasonic transceiver sensor, ultrasonic driving circuitry and data acquisition system. The hardware is equipped with a sensor carrier which is propelled along the te

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