Journal articles: 'Pipeline synthesis'

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Pienaar, Wessel. "Logistics management aspects of planning, implementing and controlling commercial petroleum pipeline operations." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 1 (2010): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i1c4p3.

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The purpose of the article is to identify, assess and describe the logistics aspects of the commercial operation of petroleum pipelines. A synthesis is provided of the nature of 11 logistics activities of petroleum pipeline operations. The relative modal service performance of pipeline transport, based on six measures of effectiveness, is also provided. The article identifies the segments in the petroleum-products supply chain where pipelines can play an efficient and effective role

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Wen, Kai, Jing Gong, and Yan Wu. "The Cascade Control of Natural Gas Pipeline Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030481.

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With the boost of natural gas consumption, an automatic gas pipeline scheduling method is required to replace the dispatchers in decision making. Since the state space model is the fundamental work of modern control theory, it is possible that the classical controller synthesis method can be used for the complicated gas pipeline controller design. In this paper, a cascade control algorithm is proposed based on the state space model that is used for the transient flow simulation of the natural gas pipelines. A linear quadratic regulator is designed following the classical optimal control theory. Finally, the transient process with different control methods shows the effectiveness of the cascade control using information of the entire pipeline. According to the hardware configuration of natural gas pipelines, automatic scheduling process is ready to deploy as one step to the intelligent natural gas pipelines.

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Meher, Pramod, and Sang Park. "Design of Cascaded CORDIC Based on Precise Analysis of Critical Path." Electronics 8, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8040382.

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A conventional coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) has a low throughput rate due to its recursive implementation of micro-rotations. On the contrary, a fully-pipelined cascaded CORDIC provides a very high throughput rate at the cost of high complexity and large area. In this paper, possible design choices of cascaded CORDIC are explored over a wide range of operating frequencies, throughput rates, latency, and area complexity. For this purpose, we present a fine-grained critical path analysis of the cascaded CORDIC in terms of bit-level delay. Based on the propagation delay estimate, we propose an algorithm for determining the required number of pipeline stages and locations of the pipeline registers in order to meet the time constraint in a particular application. A hybrid cascaded-recursive CORDIC is also proposed to increase the throughput rate, and to reduce the latency and energy per sample (EPS). From synthesis results, we show that the proposed pipelined cascaded CORDIC with only four pipeline stages requires 31.1% less area and 29.0% less EPS compared to a fully-pipelined CORDIC. An eight stage pipelined recursive cascaded CORDIC provides 18.3% less EPS and 40.4% less area-delay product than a conventional CORDIC.

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Hwang, C. T., Y. C. Hsu, and Y. L. Lin. "PLS: a scheduler for pipeline synthesis." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 12, no. 9 (1993): 1279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/43.240075.

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Eminov, R. A., and E. I. Huseynli. "GENERAL CONCEPT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSAL LASER SCANNERS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND EXPLOITATION OF MAIN GAS PIPELINES." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 254 (2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.08.pp.054-059.

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The article is devoted on development of general concept for development of diagnostic-geodesy laser scanners useful for both the geodesy support of construction and exploitation of main gas pipelines. The carried out review of existing works on such an extension of functional capabilities of laser scanners in direction of combination of geodesy and diagnostic functions of laser at the stages of construction and exploitation of gas pipelines shown absence of any works in such direction. The possibility of technical realization of such extension of functions of laser scanner are considered. The general task on development of laser scanners operating in infrared band for construction and exploitation of gas pipelines is formulated. Optimization of functioning regime of laser scanner working in regime of detection of gas leaks in main gas pipelines is carried out. Synthesis of specialized laser scanner capable to realize functions of geodesy laser scanner during pipeline construction and functions of diagnostics that is detection of gas leaks in stage of pipeline exploitation is carried out. It is shown that technical realization of calculated optimum interrelation between main functional parameters of the system can be realized during serial measurements by organization of adaptive control of laser beam power depending on distance between measuring instrument and gas pipeline. At the same time the system should be equipped by laser distance meter included into gas leak detection system operating in adaptive regime.

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Dai, Jian-Bo, Gui-Di Zhang, Cheng-Tao Hu, and Kai-Kai Cheng. "Study on Synthesis Method of Multipoint Seismic Waves for Buried Oil and Gas Pipeline in Shaking Table Tests." Shock and Vibration 2021 (July 31, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4624871.

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The buried oil and gas pipeline is a linear structure with infinite length. In the shaking table test of its seismic response, it is necessary to input the spatially related multipoint seismic wave considering the propagation characteristics of ground motion. The multipoint seismic excitation shaking table tests and loading scheme of buried oil and gas pipelines are designed and formulated. The synthesis method of spatial correlation multipoint seismic wave for the buried oil and gas pipeline test is proposed in this study. The values of relevant parameters are analyzed, and corresponding program is compiled by MATLAB. The results show that the developed multipoint excitation shaking table seismic wave input scheme is reasonable. At the same time, the synthesized multipoint seismic wave based on the actual seismic record and artificial random simulation seismic wave can meet the test requirements, which suggests the testing effect is good.

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Tararychkin, I. A. "Protection of Transport Nodes and Resistibility of Pipeline Systems." World of Transport and Transportation 17, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-2-218-229.

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The analysis has been carried out and the laws of occurrence of emergency threats at pipeline transport facilities associated with the sequential damage of structural elements have been established. When an emergency situation develops, blocking of a separate system node is associated with simultaneous transition to a state of inoperability of all pipelines converging into the zone of that node. Such damage to the point element of the network structure prevents product flows from passing through that point. The ability of a system to withstand a progressive blocking depends on its composition, structure, and is characterized by an indicator of persistence, the value of which is calculated using a simulation method. An example of the use of cluster schemes in solving the problem of structural synthesis and the selection of the best protection option for a pipeline transport system has been considered.

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Kim, Jong Tae, Fadi J. Kurdahi, and Noh Byung Park. "System-level Time-stationary Control Synthesis for Pipelined Data Paths." VLSI Design 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/49179.

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We address the prblem of time-stationary control synthesis for pipelined data paths. Control synthesis system accepts scheduled control data flow graph with conditional branches which are produced by high level synthesis tools such as Sehwa [1] as input specification and generates a FSM controller. First a scheduled control/data flow graph is analyzed and the various states are identified. Overlapped states are grouped together to produce L groups where L is the pipeline latency. Next, state transitions are identified and a state table is generated. Finally, a highly optimized FSM controller is implemented by performing horizontal partitioning and the corresponding stae encoding so as to minimize the total controller area. We compared our approach to published work on FSM generation and optimization and the results indicate that our method results in large savings in total controller area.

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Badillo-Olvera, A., A. Pérez-González, O. Begovich, and J. Ruíz-León. "Burst detection and localization in water pipelines based on an extended differential evolution algorithm." Journal of Hydroinformatics 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2019.123.

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Abstract This paper presents a new burst detection and location technique for pressurized pipelines based on an extension of the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. The proposed approach addresses the burst location problem as an optimization task, by considering the dynamic model that describes the behavior of a fluid through a pipeline and the presence of fluid losses produced by a burst. The optimization problem relies on finding suitable estimations related to the burst parameters, i.e. magnitude, pressure and position of a burst, while a defined cost function is minimized. In order to deal with this problem, three strategies are proposed to extend and adapt the DE algorithm: (i) an informed definition of the physical restrictions of the problem according to the pipeline characteristics; (ii) a training stage of the algorithm that allows to find the appropriate synthesis parameters; (iii) a multi-start structure, in order to track dynamical variations of the problem. Experiments on a pipeline prototype illustrate the results obtained by the proposed algorithm on the estimation of the burst parameters, comparing its performance with an algorithm based on the Extended Kalman Filter, which is widely used in the literature.

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Todd-Brown, Katherine E. O., Rose Z. Abramoff, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Hava K. Blair, Stevan Earl, Kristen J. Frederick, Daniel R. Fuka, et al. "Reviews and syntheses: The promise of big diverse soil data, moving current practices towards future potential." Biogeosciences 19, no. 14 (July 28, 2022): 3505–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022.

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Abstract. In the age of big data, soil data are more available and richer than ever, but – outside of a few large soil survey resources – they remain largely unusable for informing soil management and understanding Earth system processes beyond the original study. Data science has promised a fully reusable research pipeline where data from past studies are used to contextualize new findings and reanalyzed for new insight. Yet synthesis projects encounter challenges at all steps of the data reuse pipeline, including unavailable data, labor-intensive transcription of datasets, incomplete metadata, and a lack of communication between collaborators. Here, using insights from a diversity of soil, data, and climate scientists, we summarize current practices in soil data synthesis across all stages of database creation: availability, input, harmonization, curation, and publication. We then suggest new soil-focused semantic tools to improve existing data pipelines, such as ontologies, vocabulary lists, and community practices. Our goal is to provide the soil data community with an overview of current practices in soil data and where we need to go to fully leverage big data to solve soil problems in the next century.

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GAO, Shanghua, Hiroaki YOSHIDA, Kenshu SETO, Satoshi KOMATSU, and Masahiro FUJITA. "Interconnect-Aware Pipeline Synthesis for Array-Based Architectures." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E92-A, no. 6 (2009): 1464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e92.a.1464.

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ZHAO, Kang, Jinian BIAN, Sheqin DONG, Yang SONG, and Satoshi GOTO. "Pipeline-Based Partition Exploration for Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Synthesis." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E92-A, no. 9 (2009): 2283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e92.a.2283.

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Voight, Eric A., Stephen N. Greszler, and Philip R. Kym. "Fueling the Pipeline via Innovations in Organic Synthesis." ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 1365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00351.

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Frolov, Vladimir, Boris Faizov, Vlad Shakhuro, Vadim Sanzharov, Anton Konushin, Vladimir Galaktionov, and Alexey Voloboy. "Image Synthesis Pipeline for CNN-Based Sensing Systems." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062080.

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The rapid development of machine learning technologies in recent years has led to the emergence of CNN-based sensors or ML-enabled smart sensor systems, which are intensively used in medical analytics, unmanned driving of cars, Earth sensing, etc. In practice, the accuracy of CNN-based sensors is highly dependent on the quality of the training datasets. The preparation of such datasets faces two fundamental challenges: data quantity and data quality. In this paper, we propose an approach aimed to solve both of these problems and investigate its efficiency. Our solution improves training datasets and validates it in several different applications: object classification and detection, depth buffer reconstruction, panoptic segmentation. We present a pipeline for image dataset augmentation by synthesis with computer graphics and generative neural networks approaches. Our solution is well-controlled and allows us to generate datasets in a reproducible manner with the desired distribution of features which is essential to conduct specific experiments in computer vision. We developed a content creation pipeline targeted to create realistic image sequences with highly variable content. Our technique allows rendering of a single 3D object or 3D scene in a variety of ways, including changing of geometry, materials and lighting. By using synthetic data in training, we have improved the accuracy of CNN-based sensors compared to using only real-life data.

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Sllame, Azeddien M. "A Pipeline Scheduling Algorithm for High-Level Synthesis." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 1 (February 2003): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)33727-8.

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Vance, Jonathan, Khaled Rasheed, Ali Missaoui, and Frederick W. Maier. "Data Synthesis for Alfalfa Biomass Yield Estimation." AI 4, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ai4010001.

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Alfalfa is critical to global food security, and its data is abundant in the U.S. nationally, but often scarce locally, limiting the potential performance of machine learning (ML) models in predicting alfalfa biomass yields. Training ML models on local-only data results in very low estimation accuracy when the datasets are very small. Therefore, we explore synthesizing non-local data to estimate biomass yields labeled as high, medium, or low. One option to remedy scarce local data is to train models using non-local data; however, this only works about as well as using local data. Therefore, we propose a novel pipeline that trains models using data synthesized from non-local data to estimate local crop yields. Our pipeline, synthesized non-local training (SNLT pronounced like sunlight), achieves a gain of 42.9% accuracy over the best results from regular non-local and local training on our very small target dataset. This pipeline produced the highest accuracy of 85.7% with a decision tree classifier. From these results, we conclude that SNLT can be a useful tool in helping to estimate crop yields with ML. Furthermore, we propose a software application called Predict Your CropS (PYCS pronounced like Pisces) designed to help farmers and researchers estimate and predict crop yields based on pretrained models.

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Abazokov, M. В., М. А. Bagov, and V. Ch Kudaev. "Higher-ranked optimal large pipeline networks design." ADYGHE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 22, no. 4 (2022): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47928/1726-9946-2022-22-4-39-56.

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The paper presents a computer-aided optimal design of hydraulic systems. The method is based on dividing the network synthesis problem into two stages resulting in a dimensional reduction. This allows the optimal networks design of the higher rank. The proposed technique is intended for automated design of large pipeline networks for rural and interregional water supply.

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Heo, Jeongwoo, and Taewhan Kim. "Reusable Delay Path Synthesis for Lightening Asynchronous Pipeline Controller." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 29, no. 7 (July 2021): 1437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2021.3073383.

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Ravikumar, C. P., and V. Saxena. "TOGAPS: A Testability Oriented Genetic Algorithm For Pipeline Synthesis." VLSI Design 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/65320.

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In this paper, we describe TOGAPS, a Testability-Oriented Genetic Algorithm for Pipeline Synthesis. The input to TOGAPS is an unscheduled data flow graph along with a specification of the desired pipeline latency. TOGAPS generates a register-level description of a datapath which is near-optimal in terms of area, meets the latency requirement, and is highly testable. Genetic search is employed to explore a 3-D search space, the three dimensions being the chip area, average latency, and the testability of the datapath. Testability of a design is evaluated by counting the number of self-loops in the structure graph of the data path. Each design is characterized by a four-tuple consisting of (i) the latency and schedule information, (ii) the module allocation, (iii) operation-to-module binding, and (iv) value-to-register binding. Accordingly, we maintain the population of designs in a hierarchical manner. The topmost level of this hierarchy consists of the latency and schedule information, which together characterize the timing performance of the design. The middle level of the hierarchy consists of a number of allocations for a given latency/schedule duplet. The lowest level of the hierarchy consists of a number of bindings for a specific latency/schedule/ allocation. An initial population of designs is constructed from the given data flow graph using different latency cycles whose average latency is in the specified range. Multiple scheduling heuristics are used to generate schedules for the DFG. For each of the resulting scheduled data flow graphs, we decide on an allocation of modules and registers based on a lower bound estimated using the schedule and latency information. The operation-to-module binding and the value-to-register binding are then carried out. A fitness measure is evaluated for each of the resulting data paths; this fitness measure includes one component for each of the three search dimensions. Crossover and mutation operators are used to generate new designs from the current set of parent designs. The crossover operator attempts to combine the properties of two designs. The mutation operators include addition and deletion of pure delays before scheduling, as well as changes in the register and module allocation prior to binding. The genetic algorithm applies the rule of the survival of the fittest to obtain nearoptimal solution to the otherwise intractable problem of data path synthesis. We have implemented TOGAPS on a Sun/SPARC 10 and studied its performance on a number of benchmark examples. Results indicate that TOGAPS finds area-optimal datapaths for the specified latency cycle, while reducing the number of self-loops in the data path.

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Lih-Gwo Jeng and Liang-Gee Chen. "Rate-optimal DSP synthesis by pipeline and minimum unfolding." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 2, no. 1 (March 1994): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/92.273152.

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Fang, Fei, Fei Luo, Hong-Pan Zhang, Hua-Jian Zhou, Alix L. H. Chow, and Chun-Xia Xiao. "A Comprehensive Pipeline for Complex Text-to-Image Synthesis." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 35, no. 3 (May 2020): 522–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-020-0305-9.

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Prihozhy, Anatoly, Simone Casale-Brunet, Endri Bezati, and Marco Mattavelli. "Pipeline Synthesis and Optimization from Branched Feedback Dataflow Programs." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 92, no. 10 (July 11, 2020): 1091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-020-01568-5.

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Zhang, Fan, Feng Wang, Wei Wang, Wei Dai, Hui Deng, Kai Fan Ji, and Yi Hua Yan. "High Performance Data Processing Pipeline of Chinese Solar Radio Heliograph." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1012.

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The Chinese Solar Radio Heliograph (CSRH) is a new generation radio heliograph would produce more than 4 terabytes data every day. As a aperture synthesis telescope, CSRH is facing the challenge of processing and storing such a vast data. Pipeline system is the key issue of data automatical processing for CSRH. In this study, to push the development of CSRH, we present a framework of high performance data processing pipeline system for saving and processing real-time observation data. The related techniques of pipeline software are presented in detail including raw data acquisition, UVFITS file, data calibration, parallel computing and data publication. The pipeline has been deployed and has played an important role for the development of CSRH.

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Frey, Molly, Michael Vincent, Sharan Bobbala, Rajan Burt, and Evan Scott. "Mapping the supramolecular assembly space of poly(sarcosine)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) using a combinatorial copolymer library." Chemical Communications 56, no. 49 (2020): 6644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc00925c.

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Dolgopolov, Daniil V., Maxim Yu Baborykin, and Vyacheslav A. Melkiy. "MONITORING OF HAZARDOUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF PIPELINE TRANSPORT FACILITIES BY REMOTE SENSING DATA." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-4-1-25-32.

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The article analyzes the natural processes in the corridor of pipeline routes that can cause defects or accidents after the completion of construction or during the operation of the pipeline system. In the transition to a digital form of management of the processes of design, construction and operation of pipeline transport facilities, one of the most important tasks is to identify and control the dynamics of natural hazards processes (NHP). Because the system has significant impact on the flow of natural processes in corridor of the highway, they can become more active and cause accidents. The sources of negative impact on the main oil pipelines are exogenous and endogenous geological processes, as well as atmospheric processes, in the zone of influence of which the oil pipeline is located. It is advisable to use laser scanning to identify and monitor of hazards geological processes (HGP). Filling the NHP database is performed in stages: first, collection and synthesis of all available materials about geology, geomorphology, tectonics, engineering geology, hydrogeology, climate and vegetation of the researcher area is performed; then a digital terrain model (DEM) is created based on air laser scanning (VLS) and aerial photography (AP) by direct decoding features with the allocation of contours of territories subject to natural processes with the classification of their types; and, finally, lists, schemes, maps compiled by result of analysis qualitative and quantitative characteristics of geological processes that have received status of NHP or HGP for designed or operated structure. Decoding of dangerous geological processes according by VLS data performed in two stages: identification of the process and determination of its type by a set of decoding features, then comparison with the standard model from the catalog by location of identification primitives on the DEM and the reference model.

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Chizhukhin, G. N., and V. P. Panferov. "Formalized structural synthesis of a pipeline processor for measurement data." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 27, no. 6 (November 1991): 820–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01246513.

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Yao, Yonggang, Zhennan Huang, Tangyuan Li, Hang Wang, Yifan Liu, Helge S. Stein, Yimin Mao, et al. "High-throughput, combinatorial synthesis of multimetallic nanoclusters." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 12 (March 10, 2020): 6316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903721117.

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Multimetallic nanoclusters (MMNCs) offer unique and tailorable surface chemistries that hold great potential for numerous catalytic applications. The efficient exploration of this vast chemical space necessitates an accelerated discovery pipeline that supersedes traditional “trial-and-error” experimentation while guaranteeing uniform microstructures despite compositional complexity. Herein, we report the high-throughput synthesis of an extensive series of ultrafine and homogeneous alloy MMNCs, achieved by 1) a flexible compositional design by formulation in the precursor solution phase and 2) the ultrafast synthesis of alloy MMNCs using thermal shock heating (i.e., ∼1,650 K, ∼500 ms). This approach is remarkably facile and easily accessible compared to conventional vapor-phase deposition, and the particle size and structural uniformity enable comparative studies across compositionally different MMNCs. Rapid electrochemical screening is demonstrated by using a scanning droplet cell, enabling us to discover two promising electrocatalysts, which we subsequently validated using a rotating disk setup. This demonstrated high-throughput material discovery pipeline presents a paradigm for facile and accelerated exploration of MMNCs for a broad range of applications.

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Vierig, Philipp, and Richard Börner. "Protein Expression Pipeline for Research on Folding Helper Proteins for Ribosomal RNA." Open Conference Proceedings 2 (December 15, 2022): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/ocp.v2i.162.

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The main focus of this work is to establish a protein synthesis pathway for T7 RNA polymerase (T7-RNAP) and Pumilio and fem3 mRNA binding factors 6 (Puf6) using the minimum necessary methods.The proteins can be cost-effectively expressed pure and highly active in prokaryotes and then effectively purified with a hexahistidine tag via nickel-NTA affinity chromatography. The proteins find application in the synthesis and folding of, for example, ribosomal RNA (rRNA). This paper describes the optimisation of T7 and Puf6 synthesis to ensure the highest possible yield and purity, both indispensable factors for research and biotechnological applications. research and biotechnological application of the proteins.

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Zheng, Gen, Jianhu Zhao, Shaobo Li, and Jie Feng. "Zero-Shot Pipeline Detection for Sub-Bottom Profiler Data Based on Imaging Principles." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 4401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214401.

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With the increasing number of underwater pipeline investigation activities, the research on automatic pipeline detection is of great significance. At this stage, object detection algorithms based on Deep Learning (DL) are widely used due to their abilities to deal with various complex scenarios. However, DL algorithms require massive representative samples, which are difficult to obtain for pipeline detection with sub-bottom profiler (SBP) data. In this paper, a zero-shot pipeline detection method is proposed. First, an efficient sample synthesis method based on SBP imaging principles is proposed to generate samples. Then, the generated samples are used to train the YOLOv5s network and a pipeline detection strategy is developed to meet the real-time requirements. Finally, the trained model is tested with the measured data. In the experiment, the trained model achieved a mAP@0.5 of 0.962, and the mean deviation of the predicted pipeline position is 0.23 pixels with a standard deviation of 1.94 pixels in the horizontal direction and 0.34 pixels with a standard deviation of 2.69 pixels in the vertical direction. In addition, the object detection speed also met the real-time requirements. The above results show that the proposed method has the potential to completely replace the manual interpretation and has very high application value.

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Pavliukh, Lesia, Sergii Shamanskyi, and Olga Zaiats. "A FLAT-PARALLEL TYPE PHOTOBIOREACTOR DESIGN FOR SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT." Science-based technologies 51, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2310-5461.51.15689.

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Organic and inorganic substances which were released into the environment as a result of domestic, agricultural and industrial water activities lead to organic and inorganic pollution. Effluent is loaded with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and causes eutrophication. Microalgae culture offers an interesting step for wastewater treatments, because they provide a tertiary biotreatment coupled with the production of potentially valuable biomass, which can be used for several purposes. Problem statement. The purpose of this article is to develop a photobioreactor design for wastewater treatment in which the application of new elements and connections reduces material consumption for the manufacture of transparent flexible tanks, reducing labor costs for installation and dismantling of tanks, and preventing the mixing of immobilized algae and their removal from the working area of the photobioreactor. Research methodology. Methods were based on a systematic analysis of theoretical research, synthesis, anology and comparison of various photobioreactor designs. Results and discussion. The problem is solved by the fact that the photobioreactor is made in the form of a transparent flowing rectangular open-topped tank. The flowing flat transparent containers, made with flexible material, are vertically, parallel to each other attached to the bottom of the tank with quick-release fasteners inside. Pipelines for supply saturated by carbon dioxide wastewater and microalgae are connected through non-return valves. Pipelines for drainage of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater are connected through non-return valves. Pipelines for drainage of treated wastewater and valves for release of accumulated gases are connected in the upper airtight part. The pipeline for the treatment of treated wastewater is connected to the guide tray for supplying treated wastewater in the middle of a flowing rectangular open-topped tank. A carbon dioxide supply pipeline is connected to the inlet part of the wastewater supply pipeline. At the outlet of the pipeline for the removal of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater is a separator of microalgae to separate the return and excess biomass to supply separated from microalgae wastewater in a flowing rectangular tank. Conclusions. The proposed construction of photobioreactor can have good perspectives to be use in communal services for sewage water purification from biogenic elements. Improved photobioreactor design also can be used in sewage systems of enterprises of different branches of industry, when it is necessary to purify sewage water. The proposed flat-parallel type photobioreactor design for sewage water treatment differs by changing the geometric shape of the tanks, which serves a mixture of water and microalgae, resulting in a reduction in material costs for the manufacture of tanks and labor costs for their maintenance

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Abramov, E. M. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BRANCH PREDICTION SCHEMES FOR THE MICROPROCESSOR OF RISC-V ARCHITECTURE." Issues of radio electronics, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2018-8-49-55.

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One of the limiting factors for increasing the performance of CPU computation pipeline is the pipelining of control transfer instructions. This article provides a review of the problems of raising the instruction pipeline efficiency while executing the branch instructions, by the example of microarchitecture with the implementation of open RISC-V ISA. It gives a description of the various methods of resolving the control hazards. Implementations of the various static and dynamic branch prediction methods, as well as the scheme of calculating a jump address, has been provided. For the dynamic schemes this article gives an estimate of the dependency of prediction accuracy from the size of the branch history tables. Also, it contains the results of synthesis, which allow to estimate the hardware cost of the implementation of given schemes. It has been discovered that the presence of dynamic branch prediction module at the computation pipeline is helping to raise the efficiency of pipeline processing.

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Ding, Yu Qi, and Ju Bao Liu. "Slender Pipe Vibration Cracking Analysis and Vibration Reduction Measures." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1885.

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Analyzes that the ammonia plant of a fertilizer between rich liquid line and ammonia synthesis tower of pressure pipeline vibrates some reasons, through the establishment of the pipeline and tower body vibration finite element model, the calculation of the existing constraints stress, vibration frequency and vibration form. By adding a support level and put forward the reconstruction plan of vibration reduction. Through many calculation and analysis, the weld seams stress reduced by 23.6%, the maximum amplitude dropped 98.5% and obtain the better vibration reduction transformation effect.

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Plekhanov, F. I., and A. A. Grabskii. "Synthesis of the Pipeline Valve Drive with Automatic Switching of Speeds." Bulletin of Kalashnikov ISTU 22, no. 1 (April 11, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2019-1-72-77.

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В приводах запорной трубопроводной арматуры широко используются зубчатые планетарные передачи. Однако существующие их конструкции с ручным переключением скоростей сложны в изготовлении и неудобны в эксплуатации. Привод, выполненный на базе эксцентриковой планетарной передачи с гибкими элементами, лишен этих недостатков и обеспечивает автоматическое переключение скоростей в зависимости от нагрузки на рабочем органе арматуры. Важнейшими деталями указанного привода являются гибкие элементы, выполненные в виде стержней, жестко заделанных в ведомое звено. Их размеры должны обеспечивать требуемую прочность и жесткость и соответствовать параметрам зубчатого планетарного механизма. Диаметр гибких элементов и их длина при заданном количестве определялись исходя из условия, что при работе механизма в режиме непосредственной передачи движения от шкива к ведомому звену радиальное смещение подвижного колеса в результате деформации гибких элементов не превышает зазора между поверхностями вершин зубьев колес при отсутствии нагрузки, а при работе в режиме редуктора равно межосевому расстоянию передачи. При этом использовались методы строительной механики. Параметры зубчатой планетарной передачи (числа зубьев колес, угол и модуль зацепления, ширина венцов) определялись из расчета зубьев на изгибную прочность и в соответствии с величиной эксцентриситета колеса с внешними зубьями при работе передачи в режиме редуктора. Таким образом, установлено, что при моменте на входном валу привода не более 240 Н·м и рациональных значениях чисел зубьев колес длина гибких элементов не превышает 150 мм, а их диаметр - 13 мм. Приведенная конструкция привода запорной трубопроводной арматуры с автоматическим переключением скоростей и методы ее расчета позволяют осуществить рациональное проектирование указанного механизма.

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Sun, Welson, Michael J. Wirthlin, and Stephen Neuendorffer. "FPGA Pipeline Synthesis Design Exploration Using Module Selection and Resource Sharing." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 26, no. 2 (February 2007): 254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2006.887923.

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Chou, Hung-Hsiang, Li-Ping Chung, and Chuei-Tin Chang. "SYSTEMATIC SYNTHESIS OF CLEANING PROCEDURES FOR PIPELINE NETWORKS USING PETRI NETS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 38, no. 1 (2005): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20050703-6-cz-1902.00351.

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K. Rama Naidu, M. Madhu Babu,. "Area and Power Efficient Fused Floating-point Dot Product Unit based on Radix-2r Multiplier & Pipeline Feedforward-Cutset-Free Carry-Lookahead Adder." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.411.

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Fused floating point operations play a major role in many DSP applications to reduce operational area & power consumption. Radix-2r multiplier (using 7-bit encoder technique) & pipeline feedforward-cutset-free carry-lookahead adder(PFCF-CLA) are used to enhance the traditional FDP unit. Pipeline concept is also infused into system to get the desired pipeline fused floating-point dot product (PFFDP) operations. Synthesis results are obtained using 60nm standard library with 1GHz clock. Power consumption of single & double precision operations are 2.24mW & 3.67mW respectively. The die areas are 27.48 mm2 , 46.72mm2 with an execution time of 1.91 ns , 2.07 ns for a single & double precision operations respectively. Comparison with previous data has also been performed. The area-delay product(ADP) & power-delay product(PDP) of our proposed architecture are 18%,22% & 27%,18% for single and double precision operations respectively.

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Orazbayev, Batyr, Zhadra Moldasheva, Kulman Orazbayeva, Valentina Makhatova, Lyailya Kurmangaziyeva, and Aigul Gabdulova. "Development of mathematical models and optimization of operation modes of the oil heating station of main oil pipelines under conditions of fuzzy initial information." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 2 (114) (December 29, 2021): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.244949.

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The relevance of the study is substantiated by the fact that when managing the processes of oil transportation through main pipelines, it becomes necessary to determine and select the optimal operating modes of the oil pipeline units, taking into account the fuzziness of some part of the initial information. In this regard, solving the problem of multi-criteria selection of effective operating modes for an oil heating station for a hot oil pipeline system, which is often described in a fuzzy environment, based on the apparatus of fuzzy set theories, is an urgent scientific and practical problem. A method for the synthesis of models in the conditions of fuzzy output parameters of the object has been developed, with the help of which fuzzy models of the investigated oil heating station of the main oil pipeline have been built. Based on the modification and combination of various optimality principles, mathematical formulations of the problem of multi-criteria selection of effective operating modes for an oil heating station in a fuzzy environment are obtained. By modifying and adapting the principles of guaranteed results and equality in a fuzzy environment, a heuristic method has been developed for solving the formulated problem of selecting object's operation modes using the initial fuzzy information. The proposed heuristic method for multi-criteria selection in a fuzzy environment is based on the use of the experience and knowledge of the decision-maker. The proposed approach is implemented in the formulation and solution of the problem of multi-criteria selection of operating modes of the oil heating station in Atyrau of the Uzen-Atyrau-Samara main oil pipeline. As a result of the application of the proposed method, an improvement in the degree of fulfillment of a fuzzy restriction on environmental impact was achieved by 2 %, as well as the optimal values of the operating parameters of the object were improved: the temperature was reduced by 1.85 % (5.67 K), pressure – by 0.04 % (kPa) and fuel consumption – by 2.9 % (0.0002 kg/s). The obtained results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach to solving the assigned tasks.

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Molino, Suzanne, and Michelle T. Martin. "Hepatitis C Virus Resistance Testing in Genotype 1: The Changing Role in Clinical Utility." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 51, no. 9 (May 6, 2017): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028017704857.

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Objective: To review the role and utility of baseline resistance testing with currently available and pipeline genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Data Sources: Authors reviewed liver meeting abstracts for data on currently-available and pipeline genotype 1 retreatment regimens from January 1, 2015, to March 23, 2017. Additional trials were identified from a review of clinicaltrials.gov using the pipeline medication names. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Authors identified reports of current and pipeline genotype 1 retreatment regimens. Seven references were clinical study results presented at the meetings of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver, and 2 studies were from clinicaltrials.gov . Data Synthesis: Retreatment trial data of currently available salvage regimens indicate that baseline NS5A resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) may decrease sustained virological response (SVR) rates when retreating with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir but are not affected when using elbasvir/grazoprevir + sofosbuvir + ribavirin, paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir + dasabuvir + sofosbuvir, or sofosbuvir/velpatasvir + ribavirin. Pipeline data indicate that baseline NS5A RASs do not affect SVR rates when retreating with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. Conclusions: Baseline resistance testing was used for decisional support for 3 clinical scenarios in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection at the time of manuscript submission. Pending the approval of 2 new direct-acting antiviral regimens in the third quarter of 2017, the rapidly evolving HCV treatment guidelines will likely reflect a decreased clinical utility for resistance testing.

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Poczekajło, P., and R. T. Wirski. "Synthesis and Realization of 3-D Orthogonal FIR Filters Using Pipeline Structures." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 37, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 1669–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-017-0618-2.

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Gintjee, Thomas J., Monica A. Donnelley, and George R. Thompson. "Aspiring Antifungals: Review of Current Antifungal Pipeline Developments." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6010028.

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Invasive fungal infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and their management is restricted to a variety of agents from five established classes of antifungal medication. In practice, existing antifungal agents are often constrained by dose-limiting toxicities, drug interactions, and the routes of administration. An increasing prevalence of invasive fungal infections along with rising rates of resistance and the practical limitations of existing agents has created a demand for the development of new antifungals, particularly those with novel mechanisms of action. This article reviews antifungal agents currently in various stages of clinical development. New additions to existing antifungal classes will be discussed, including SUBA-itraconazole, a highly bioavailable azole, and amphotericin B cochleate, an oral amphotericin formulation, as well as rezafungin, a long-acting echinocandin capable of once-weekly administration. Additionally, novel first-in-class agents such as ibrexafungerp, an oral glucan synthase inhibitor with activity against various resistant fungal isolates, and olorofim, a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor with a broad spectrum of activity and oral formulation, will be reviewed. Various other innovative antifungal agents and classes, including MGCD290, tetrazoles, and fosmanogepix, will also be examined.

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Baioco, Juliana Souza, Mauro Henrique Alves de Lima, Carl Horst Albrecht, Beatriz Souza Leite Pires de Lima, Breno Pinheiro Jacob, and Djalene Maria Rocha. "Optimal Design of Submarine Pipelines by a Genetic Algorithm with Embedded On-Bottom Stability Criteria." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1781758.

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This work describes a computational tool, based on an evolutionary algorithm, for the synthesis and optimization of submarine pipeline routes considering the incorporation of on-bottom stability criteria (OBS). This comprises a breakthrough in the traditional pipeline design methodology, where the definition of a route and the stability calculations had been performed independently: firstly, the route is defined according to geographical-topographical issues (including manual/visual inspection of seabed bathymetry and obstacles); afterwards, stability is verified, and mitigating procedures (such as ballast weight) are specified. This might require several design spirals until a final configuration is reached, or (most commonly) has led to excessive costs for the mitigation of instability problems. The optimization tool evaluates each candidate route by incorporating, as soft and hard constraints, several criteria usually considered in the manual design (pipeline length, bathymetry data, obstacles); also, with the incorporation of OBS criteria into the objective function, stability becomes an integral part of the optimization process, simultaneously handling minimization of length and cost of mitigating procedures. Case studies representative of actual applications are presented. The results show that OBS criteria significantly influences the best route, indicating that the tool can reduce the design time of a pipeline and minimize installation/operational costs.

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Pavliukh, Lesia, and Sergii Shamanskyi. "PHOTOBIOREACTOR FOR MICROALGAE-BASED WASTEWATER TREATMENT." Proceedings of the National Aviation University 87, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2306-1472.87.15721.

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Purpose and Objectives of the Work. This scientific article is devoted to creation of an advanced photobioreactor design for wastewater treatment from biogenic compounds. Research Methods are based on a systematic analysis of theoretical research, synthesis, anology and comparison. Research Results. As a result, the improved photobioreactor design was proposed, in which the application of new elements and connections reduces the required area for its placement, immobilization of microalgae in the working area and, as a result, reducing the working area, the ability to quickly replace the sleeves of the working area, covered with sediment inside, and, as a result, reduce labor costs and downtime of the photobioreactor. Discussion. The problem is solved by the fact that the photobioreactor is made in the form of a transparent flowing rectangular open-topped tank, inside of which are vertically attached to the bottom of the tank by quick-release fasteners transparent flowing flexible hoses, to which at the bottom by means of non-return valves are connected pipelines for wastewater and microalgae supply and tubes for carbon dioxide supply and are connected by means of shut-off valves pipelines for drainage of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater, and in the upper hermetic part, where there are valves for drainage of accumulated gases , while the pipeline for the purified wastewater discharge is connected to a guide tray purified wastewater supply inside of a flowing rectangular open-topped tank, and at the outlet of the pipeline for drainage of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater is a microalgae separator to separate return and excess biomass. Conclusion. The proposed construction of photobioreactor can have good perspectives to be use in communal services for sewage water purification from biogenic compounds.

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Titov, Vladimir, and Oleg Kryukov. "Invariant Algorithms of Multiple Regression for Optimal Control of Electric Drive Technological Installations." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 64, no. 2 (2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2021-2-32-38.

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The theoretical aspects of the development of an invariant control system for high-power automated electric drives of oil and gas pipeline facilities are considered. A generalized mathematical model of the compression process is proposed, depending on the production, structural and climatic parametric disturbances on the electric drive. The results of the synthesis and analysis of invariant control systems for changing the parameters of the main factors of technological processes are presented. Using a concrete example of a compressor station of a main gas pipeline, the possibilities of stable operation of electric drives with multiple regression algorithms that provide resistan-ce to external influences and transition to low-population technologies for servic-ing electric drive units are justified.

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Tan, Qiao Wen, William Goh, and Marek Mutwil. "LSTrAP-Cloud: A User-Friendly Cloud Computing Pipeline to Infer Coexpression Networks." Genes 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040428.

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As genomes become more and more available, gene function prediction presents itself as one of the major hurdles in our quest to extract meaningful information on the biological processes genes participate in. In order to facilitate gene function prediction, we show how our user-friendly pipeline, the Large-Scale Transcriptomic Analysis Pipeline in Cloud (LSTrAP-Cloud), can be useful in helping biologists make a shortlist of genes involved in a biological process that they might be interested in, by using a single gene of interest as bait. The LSTrAP-Cloud is based on Google Colaboratory, and provides user-friendly tools that process quality-control RNA sequencing data streamed from the European Nucleotide Archive. The LSTRAP-Cloud outputs a gene coexpression network that can be used to identify functionally related genes for any organism with a sequenced genome and publicly available RNA sequencing data. Here, we used the biosynthesis pathway of Nicotiana tabacum as a case study to demonstrate how enzymes, transporters, and transcription factors involved in the synthesis, transport, and regulation of nicotine can be identified using our pipeline.

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Novitsky, Nikolay N., and Oksana A. Grebneva. "Quantitative assessment of the identifiability of pipeline systems★The research was carried out within the project III.17.4.3 of the Fundamental research program of SB RAS (AAAA-A17-117030310437-4)." E3S Web of Conferences 39 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183903004.

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The article is devoted to the issues of quantitative assessment of the identifiability of the pipeline systems (heat, water, gas supply systems etc.). Identifiability is first considered as a complex property, including such particular properties as observability and parametric identifiability. A brief description of the topic relevance and a review of available development in this sphere allow giving the structuring of identifiability analysis problems. The technique of differentiate quantitative analysis of this property is disclosed. It based on the use of analytical expressions for covariance matrices of parameters. New concepts of experimental matrices, parametric identifiability and observability of pipeline systems are introduced. Analytic expressions for these matrices are given. The substantiation of the integral indicators of the pipeline systems identifiability is presented, including the covariance matrix determinant for the estimated parameters and the relative variance of the prediction for non-measurable state parameters. The analytical interrelation of these indicators is opened. These indicators can be accepted in a role of criteria at decision of synthesis problems for optimal measurements composition.

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Gallegos, Jenna E., Mark F. Rogers, Charlotte A. Cialek, and Jean Peccoud. "Rapid, robust plasmid verification by de novo assembly of short sequencing reads." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): e106-e106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa727.

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Abstract Plasmids are a foundational tool for basic and applied research across all subfields of biology. Increasingly, researchers in synthetic biology are relying on and developing massive libraries of plasmids as vectors for directed evolution, combinatorial gene circuit tests, and for CRISPR multiplexing. Verification of plasmid sequences following synthesis is a crucial quality control step that creates a bottleneck in plasmid fabrication workflows. Crucially, researchers often elect to forego the cumbersome verification step, potentially leading to reproducibility and—depending on the application—security issues. In order to facilitate plasmid verification to improve the quality and reproducibility of life science research, we developed a fast, simple, and open source pipeline for assembly and verification of plasmid sequences from Illumina reads. We demonstrate that our pipeline, which relies on de novo assembly, can also be used to detect contaminating sequences in plasmid samples. In addition to presenting our pipeline, we discuss the role for verification and quality control in the increasingly complex life science workflows ushered in by synthetic biology.

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Hu, Yiwei, Chengan He, Valentin Deschaintre, Julie Dorsey, and Holly Rushmeier. "An Inverse Procedural Modeling Pipeline for SVBRDF Maps." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3502431.

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Procedural modeling is now the de facto standard of material modeling in industry. Procedural models can be edited and are easily extended, unlike pixel-based representations of captured materials. In this article, we present a semi-automatic pipeline for general material proceduralization. Given Spatially Varying Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (SVBRDFs) represented as sets of pixel maps, our pipeline decomposes them into a tree of sub-materials whose spatial distributions are encoded by their associated mask maps. This semi-automatic decomposition of material maps progresses hierarchically, driven by our new spectrum-aware material matting and instance-based decomposition methods. Each decomposed sub-material is proceduralized by a novel multi-layer noise model to capture local variations at different scales. Spatial distributions of these sub-materials are modeled either by a by-example inverse synthesis method recovering Point Process Texture Basis Functions (PPTBF) [ 30 ] or via random sampling. To reconstruct procedural material maps, we propose a differentiable rendering-based optimization that recomposes all generated procedures together to maximize the similarity between our procedural models and the input material pixel maps. We evaluate our pipeline on a variety of synthetic and real materials. We demonstrate our method’s capacity to process a wide range of material types, eliminating the need for artist designed material graphs required in previous work [ 38 , 53 ]. As fully procedural models, our results expand to arbitrary resolution and enable high-level user control of appearance.

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Pereira, André Maia, Ali Enes Dingil, Ondřej Přibyl, Vojtěch Myška, Jakub Vorel, and Milan Kříž. "An Advanced Travel Demand Synthesis Process for Creating a MATSim Activity Model: The Case of Ústí nad Labem." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 10032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910032.

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In this study, an activity-based travel demand model of the Ústí nad Labem district (Czech Republic) is created. To do this, an advanced travel demand synthesis process is presented by utilizing the Eqasim framework, which is a pipeline-processing, initial raw data to simulation step. The framework is extensively modified and extended with several algorithms in order to utilize multiple data points for increasing realism in mobility for travel demand models. Two major extensions are provided. First, the pipeline framework is improved to estimate inbound and outbound trips of the study area, comprising a main city and 23 surrounding municipalities. The extended framework assigns synthetic gates for the study area as hubs for the inclusion of inbound and outbound trips. Second, the pipeline framework is advanced to provide a more compatible match of travel destination and activity location state. To do this, the extended framework assigns a capacity for each facility identified for the study area, the expected number of visitors to each facility, and the number of residents in each building. The resulting demand model is presented and the generated trips are evaluated based on locational, transport mode, and sociodemographic characteristics with origin–destination (OD) bundling. Additionally, distribution analyses of the present model are conducted to understand the matching results on a detailed level. The results demonstrate that the present model provides a reasonable output for transport researchers when testing different mobility scenarios and the provided extensions helps them to reduce implausible reflections of the distribution of travel and activity characteristics in household travel surveys while creating demand models, thus increasing realism. Lastly, open-source playground and code repository for further future improvement of synthetic travel synthesis methods are created, which enhances a deep understanding of the preparatory and methodological backgrounds required for complex activity-based simulations in order to inspire transport planners.

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Xuan, Lingling, Jie Zhang, Weitai Lu, Pawel Gluza, Berit Ebert, Toshihisa Kotake, Mengzhu Lu, et al. "A Pipeline towards the Biochemical Characterization of the Arabidopsis GT14 Family." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031360.

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Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the synthesis of glycosidic linkages and are essential in the biosynthesis of glycans, glycoconjugates (glycolipids and glycoproteins), and glycosides. Plant genomes generally encode many more GTs than animal genomes due to the synthesis of a cell wall and a wide variety of glycosylated secondary metabolites. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome is predicted to encode over 573 GTs that are currently classified into 42 diverse families. The biochemical functions of most of these GTs are still unknown. In this study, we updated the JBEI Arabidopsis GT clone collection by cloning an additional 105 GT cDNAs, 508 in total (89%), into Gateway-compatible vectors for downstream characterization. We further established a functional analysis pipeline using transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) followed by enzymatic assays, fractionation of enzymatic products by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and characterization by mass spectrometry (MS). Using the GT14 family as an exemplar, we outline a strategy for identifying effective substrates of GT enzymes. By addition of UDP-GlcA as donor and the synthetic acceptors galactose-nitrobenzodiazole (Gal-NBD), β-1,6-galactotetraose (β-1,6-Gal4) and β-1,3-galactopentose (β-1,3-Gal5) to microsomes expressing individual GT14 enzymes, we verified the β-glucuronosyltransferase (GlcAT) activity of three members of this family (AtGlcAT14A, B, and E). In addition, a new family member (AT4G27480, 248) was shown to possess significantly higher activity than other GT14 enzymes. Our data indicate a likely role in arabinogalactan-protein (AGP) biosynthesis for these GT14 members. Together, the updated Arabidopsis GT clone collection and the biochemical analysis pipeline present an efficient means to identify and characterize novel GT catalytic activities.

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Eduok, Ubong, Enyinnaya Ohaeri, Jerzy Szpunar, and Inemesit Akpan. "Synthesis, characterization and application of glucosyloxyethyl acrylate graft chitosan against pipeline steel corrosion." Journal of Molecular Liquids 315 (October 2020): 113772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113772.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pipeline synthesis'

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