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Journal articles on the topic 'Pipelines Maintenance and repair'
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1
Martyniuk, R. T., and O. T. Chernova. "MODERN METHODS OF REPAIR OF PIPELINES." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Number, no. 17(64) (November 22, 2022): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7399-2022-17(64)-179-189.
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At the stages of maintenance and repair of pipeline systems, there is a need to use flameless cutting in existing pipelines, in particular: when it is necessary to connect intake chambers and start cleaning pistons, and during pipeline repair with a complete replacement of the pipe body without stopping the transportation of the product. Also, fireless cutting is effectively used to connect branch pipelines during the development of pipeline systems. One of the progressive directions of improving the maintenance and repair of pipelines is the development of cutting methods that would ensure high efficiency and environmental friendliness of the work. However, their successful application is impossible without a theoretical and experimental study of the process of welding the branch pipe to the operating pipeline.
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Varshitsky, Victor M., Igor B. Lebedenko, and Eldar N. Figarov. "Method for determining process parameters in the repairing of pipelines with out-of-spec curvature." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-1-17-21.
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Pipe sections with curvatures exceeding the required specified values are often found during the pigging of major pipelines. Process parameters for repairs have to be defined in order to develop a maintenance project that also includes works to restore the specified status of the section found. A corresponding method is known for cases of relocation of an initially straight pipeline. The authors developed a method for determining process parameters for repairing pipelines with out-of-project axis curvature. The method is based on modeling the deformation of a pipeline with initial axis curvature; it takes into account the actual operating conditions of the pipeline and in-line inspection data. Examples of calculating process parameters for repairs and stress-deformed state of pipeline sections with out-of-specs curvature have been presented. The modeling results confirm the possibility of using the method for evaluating the repair process parameters, the length of the required trench exposure, and the magnitude and boundaries of additional digging-in or the need to lift the pipeline in order to determine the stress–strain state of the pipeline section to be repaired during execution and after the completion of repairs.
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Toropov, E. S., S. M. Dorofeev, T. G. Ponomareva, and S. Yu Toropov. "Repair-and-renewal operations of pipelines from the data on their maintenance." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 5 (November 12, 2020): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2020-5-94-103.
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Maintaining of the pipeline system in an operational condition can't be achieved without solving the problem of their protection from internal corrosion as the main factor that leads to numerous accidents. In conditions of limited funding, the creation of scientifically based methods that regulate repair work on difficult areas [1] or those that are not repairable using "classical" methods is a very urgent task. In this way, the use of repair methods without stopping product pumping, in terms of justifying the placement of technological equipment, even more increase the importance of the problem being solved. Research methods are experimental and theoretical character and based on the analysis and processing of statistical data received during the experimental studies of field objects. The result of this work was the creation of a methodology that allows determining the order of repair work on pipelines with different degrees of corrosion damage and its speed on different sections of the route [2]. And as a result, reasonable placement of technological equipment along the pipeline route for in-line pipeline repair, without stopping the pumping of the transported product.
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Grudz, V. Y., V. V. Grudz, V. M. Bodnar, and M. S. Chernetsky. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF FUNCTIONING OF REPAIR-OPERATING UNITS IN THE SYSTEM OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF MAGISTRALS." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Number, no. 1(53) (September 27, 2019): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7399-2019-1(53)-104-115.
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The classification of failures and damages of the linear part and its separate elements is carried out, variants of technology of carrying out of preventive and repair-restoration works and modular-technological structure of repair and maintenance units are formulated. Particular attention is paid to improving the efficiency of the operation of a separate repair and maintenance unit during maintenance and repair with a known layout scheme and a certain mode of control and restoration works by choosing the optimal technology of work and rational equipment of units and crews leaving for the route. On the basis of the analysis of the technology of work execution it is shown that only a small part of the repair and maintenance measures requires the use of powerful machinery and equipment, which include the first level of priority work on the replacement of gas pipeline sections, work, damage elimination, work on elimination of significant pipeline displacements, work for restoration of soil collapse of the main gas pipeline.
In addition, each type of work on the objects of the linear part requires the use of the same vehicles. The type and number of vehicles depend on the particular operating conditions, as well as on the possibility and feasibility of purchasing and operating a particular type of equipment.
The method of estimation of indexes of maintenance of linear part of main gas pipelines and efficiency of functioning of repair and maintenance units during maintenance and repair is developed.
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Karmanova, S. V., I. S. Glushankova, G. S. Arzamasova, and A. A. Cherepanov. "Investigation of Thermal Destruction Processes of Waste Insulation of Main Gas Pipelines." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 10 (October 5, 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-10-28-33.
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The possibility of applying the thermal method for neutralizing waste re-insulation during the major overhaul of main gas pipelines is considered. The initial composition of the organic part of the waste is shown. The thermal effects observed during the decomposition of waste in a controlled atmosphere, the composition of waste gases and the results of thermal analysis of waste samples resulting from the replacement of insulation of gas pipelines selected for maintenance and repair of linear sections of main gas pipelines are examined. Ways of solving the problem of elimination of waste generated during the gas pipeline overhaul are suggested.
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Wang, Xinhui, Heng Li, Bing Li, Jie Sheng, Jinqiang Zhao, Yanlong Ding, and Duhui Lu. "Simulation Analysis of External Damage and Repair of the Gas Transmission Pipeline." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 26, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3978649.
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External damage and repair of a gas transmission pipeline were often encountered in industrial production. The damage of the gas transmission pipeline and the evaluation after repair could be solved by the finite element simulation method. Damage assessment and postrepair assessment were carried out for an external damage example of a gas transmission pipeline in an oil field based on finite element software ABAQUS. Ideally, the finite element simulation results were modified by using the theoretical calculation results of the gas transmission pipeline. Then, the simulation analysis of the defective gas transmission pipeline was carried out, and the corresponding maintenance suggestions were put forward. Finally, the B-type sleeve repair and carbon fiber composite repair were simulated and analyzed, respectively, and the bearing and stress of two kinds of repair were compared and analyzed. It was concluded that the repair effect of the carbon fiber composite was better than that of B-type sleeve. The research results could provide a new evaluation mechanism for pipeline defects and pipeline defects after repair and laid a foundation for quantitative risk assessment and repair of gas transmission pipelines.
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Grudz, V. Ya Grudz Ya Grudz, Ya V. Grudz, V. M. Bodnar, and V. V. Samsonenko. "FORECASTING REPAIR WORK ON GAS PIPELINES UNDER A CENTRALIZED SERVICE SYSTEM." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 3(68) (April 4, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2018-3(68)-31-37.
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The management process of the gas-main pipelines' technical state that includes different-type constituent elements and has a complex multihole and looped structure is considered. The task falls under the optimization category of the maintenance process. The study aims to optimize the preventive overhaul graph of the gas supply system that includes independent subsystems. An optimum schedule of maintenance service will be determined by selection condition of the timepoint values that provide with the quality indicators' extremum of the functioning of the process facility complex within a centralized service of gas supply system. It was suggested the technical-and-economic index, in particular the average summarized unit costs to system operation, be used as a criterion for the optimality of maintenance process. The characteristic curve obtained from conducted studies provides a way to estimate the maintenance states of the complicated gas supply system that includes different-type, geographically distributed but functionally interlinked process facilities of the gas supply system in the region of the central maintenance and repair base, they give an opportunity to plan an optimum schedule of the preventive overhaul of the gas supply system.
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Liu, Ying, Daryoush Habibi, Douglas Chai, Xiuming Wang, Hao Chen, Yan Gao, and Shuaiyong Li. "A Comprehensive Review of Acoustic Methods for Locating Underground Pipelines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031031.
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Underground pipelines are vital means of transporting fluid resources like water, oil and gas. The process of locating buried pipelines of interest is an essential prerequisite for pipeline maintenance and repair. Acoustic pipe localization methods, as effective trenchless detection techniques, have been implemented in locating underground utilities and shown to be very promising in plastic pipeline localization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current acoustic methods and recent advances in the localization of buried pipelines. Investigations are conducted from multiple perspectives including the wave propagation mechanism in buried pipe systems, the principles behind each method along with advantages and limitations, representative acoustic locators in commercial markets, the condition of buried pipes, as well as selection of preferred methods for locating pipelines based on the applicability of existing localization techniques. In addition, the key features of each method are summarized and suggestions for future work are proposed. Acoustic methods for locating underground pipelines have proven to be useful and effective supplements to existing localization techniques. It has been highlighted that the ability of acoustic methods to locate non-metallic objects should be of particular practical value. While this paper focuses on a specific application associated with pipeline localization, many acoustic methods are feasible across a wide range of underground infrastructures.
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Matsuk, Z. N., T. V. Bunko, A. S. Belikov, and V. A. Shalomov. "Regularities of safe control of piston compressor units of mobile compressor stations." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/076.
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Purpose. Ensuring the optimal mode of gas transportation from local sections of the main gas trunkline (GT), subject to repair (maintenance) and/or shutdown, to existing main gas trunkline based on the calculation, determination, and establishment of rational values of the operating modes of mobile compressor stations during the entire time of gas pumping. Methodology. The studies are based on existing physical principles and laws that describe the effect of the properties of natural gas and the geometric parameters of pipelines through which gas is pumped on the dynamics of changes in the mass and pressure of the transported gas. The calculation of the change in the mass and pressure of the gas in the gas pipeline from which the gas is pumped is based on a number of existing theoretical and empirical dependencies included in the generally accepted methods for their calculation. Known physical relationships and mathematical models are used to carry out the calculations. Findings. The mass approach to the issue of calculating the gas transportation time is more mathematically accurate than the volumetric one. The ratio of the relative mass to the relative gas pressure in a localized section of the main gas pipeline, during the entire pumping time, is a constant value. The use of the values of the quantities obtained at the point of intersection of the graphs of changes in the relative mass and relative pressure of the gas, in the preliminary calculation of the time for pumping gas, or pressure, or mass, or the volume of gas in each time interval, makes it possible to select the optimal rate of building up/reducing gas pressure by compressor units and optimal modes of gas transportation by operating gas pipelines during the operation of mobile compressor stations. Originality. The proposed approach to calculating and determining the time of gas pumping by mobile compressor stations from local sections of the main gas pipelines subject to repair (maintenance) and/or shutdown to sections of existing main gas pipelines proves that it is advisable to establish stable patterns in the transportation of natural gas using reciprocating compressor units only after modeling in time the change in the mass and pressure of gas in the local section of the main gas pipeline from which the gas is pumped. Practical value. The proposed approach to optimizing the time of gas pumping by mobile compressor stations makes it possible to increase the level of energy and resource efficiency of gas transmission enterprises, as well as to improve the technical and economic indicators of technologies for repairing the main gas pipelines, compressor stations of main gas pipelines associated with the need to bleed gas from sections of the main (technological) pipelines subject to repair (maintenance) and/or shutdown. Optimization of gas pumping time significantly reduces the time spent by employees of gas transmission enterprises under the influence of hazardous and harmful production factors, thereby reducing the level of relevant risks. Gas emissions and associated risks are reduced by 90%.
10
Neganov, Dmitry A., Nikolay E. Zorin, and Alexander E. Zorin. "Analysis and opportunities for development of methodical approaches to planning of trunk pipeline overhaul." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-3-263-275.
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The article presents defined scientific basis for planning repair-recovery works on trunk oil and gas pipelines, based on obtaining data about technical condition of pipelines and joined analysis of reliability indicators, safety and risk indicators with regards to material and technical opportunities of operating company and strategic characteristics of facilities. The article contains consolidated scientific opinion about the methods for planning repair-recovery activities on pipelines of Russia, USA and Europe. It is noted, that the approaches, implemented in real life, can differ from scientific basis due to a variety of causes. On the basis of the outlined concept, the analysis of practical approaches, applied for planning of overhauls of trunk gas and oil pipelines in Russia, was performed. The specialists use high technology analytical system to initiate remedial measures, focusing on reliability parameters and considering economic feasibility. However, what we consider promising is the extension of organizational and technical basis with the purpose of obtaining volume of statistic and actual source data, necessary for expert assessment. The planning of replacement of trunk pipeline sections is based on the results of continuous monitoring of the technical condition of the pipes by smart pigging and the involving into calculation both actual parameters of facilities operation and actual mechanical characteristics of pipe metals and welded connections, considering overall influence of specific production technology, steel work quality and service life length. With the purpose of further developing this approach, it is practical to extend the list of considered defect parameters and the use of the whole system of the pipeline technical condition data by adding the quantity of hours in service up to the failure in a probable scenario. The author stated the primary directions of developing methodical approaches to arranging the technical maintenance and repair of oil and gas pipeline for long-term operation.
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Rajani, Balvant, and Solomon Tesfamariam. "Uncoupled axial, flexural, and circumferential pipesoil interaction analyses of partially supported jointed water mains." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 997–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-048.
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Pipelines used in the distribution of potable water are a vital part of everyday life. The pipelines buried in soilbackfill are exposed to different deleterious reactions; as a result, the design factor of safety may be significantly degraded and, consequently, pipelines may fail prematurely. Proactive pipeline management, which entails optimal maintenance, repair, or replacement strategies, helps increase the longevity of pipelines. The effect of different deterioration mechanisms and operating conditions needs to be understood to develop good proactive management practices. In this paper, a Winkler-type analytical model is developed to quantify the contributions of different stress drivers, e.g., pipe material type and size, bedding conditions, and temperature. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the extent of the unsupported length developed as a result of scour has a significant influence on the flexural pipesoil response. As well, plastic pipes tolerate less loss of support than metallic pipes.Key words: jointed water mains, Winkler model, pipesoil interaction, elastoplastic soil.
12
Isenberg, J. "Aging of Distribution and Other Lifeline Systems Due to Corrosion." Applied Mechanics Reviews 46, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3120332.
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Statistics derived from public works maintenance records for buried steel and cast iron pipelines indicate that aging may be seen in increasing rates of repairs. Maintenance increases with age due to cumulative traffic loads, ground settlement and, among the most important causes, corrosion. The tendency for repair rates gradually to increase and the opposing effects of corrosion control and planned replacement are punctuated by the rapid rise in leakage and required maintenance in the aftermath of an earthquake. These data were uncovered as a byproduct of studying five western US earthquakes in which performance of steel pipelines under seismic conditions and under normal operating conditions appear to be correlated. Evidence also points to temporary and, sometimes, to permanent increase in the rate of leakage and failure in the aftermath of an earthquake. The underlying cause of this correlation is thinning of pipe walls due to corrosion, which is facilitated by stray current and conductive soil.
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Tian, Yun, Qi Yao, Dong Jiang, Yanni Xiao, Licheng Liu, and Chengxin Lin. "Study on the Physical Properties of Split-type Iron Base Shape Memory Alloy Pipe Joint." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022072.
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Abstract Aiming at the leakage phenomenon of pipeline system due to corrosion and other reasons, a split type iron-based shape memory alloy pipe joint based on the button bond connection was designed for repair. This split-type pipe joint can be used for quick in-situ maintenance of pipelines without cutting off pipelines or stopping transmission without pressure relief. It is especially suitable for intensive pipeline maintenance and online emergency maintenance. In order to study the connection performance of the split iron-based shape memory alloy pipe joint, this paper took the Fe17Mn4Si10Cr4Ni alloy pipe joint as the research object, and carried out pressure sealing and pull-out experiments respectively on the integral pipe joint and the split pipe joint which had not been carried out and had been subjected to one heat and mechanical training. The results showed that, compared with the integral pipe joint, the pressure seal value of the split pipe joint decreased by 40% to 20MPa and the pulling force decreased by 48.9% without heat-mechanical training. However, after 1 time of thermal-mechanical training, the pressure sealing value of the split-type pipe joint decreased by 12.5% to 32MPa and the pulling force decreased by 21.2% compared with the integral pipe joint. It can be seen that thermal-mechanical training can significantly improve the joint performance of split pipe joints, and the split pipe joint can meet the requirements of medium and low pressure pipeline connection and maintenance.
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Zardasti, Libriati, Norhamimi Mohd Hanafiah, Norhazilan Md Noor, Yahaya Nordin, and Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid. "The Consequence Assessment of Gas Pipeline Failure due to Corrosion." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.225.
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In this paper, a qualitative consequence assessment method for damaged urban natural gas pipelines is proposed. It focuses on identifying reputation loss factors according to stakeholders’ (investors, customers, employees, and communities) perceptions. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method is applied to prioritize these factors. Results show that the loss of customer confidence ranks as the highest contributor to an operator’s reputation loss due to a pipeline accident. Thus, better risk assessment of pipeline damage due to corrosion will be achieved with the inclusion of reputation loss in the consequence assessment. Hence, decision making in pipeline repair, inspection, and maintenance can be improved as well as a company’s annual profit margin.
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Sakai, Hiroshi, Mei Satake, Yasuhiro Arai, and Satoshi Takizawa. "Report cards for aging and maintenance assessment of water-supply infrastructure." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 4 (March 4, 2020): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2020.112.
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Abstract During past periods of rapid economic growth, infrastructure development in Japan was intense. This infrastructure now requires both renovation and replacement. Appropriate management of infrastructure is critical as the population falls, budgets become reduced, and staff numbers dwindle. The Japan Society of Civil Engineers evaluates infrastructure soundness and publishes the results to promote understanding of the current situation and to emphasize the importance of maintenance. We devised indices for evaluating deterioration of drinking-water distribution pipelines and maintenance management systems for the pipelines. The indices are the percentage of old pipelines, the percentage of ineffective water, change in the number of technical staff per unit length of pipe, and the repair rate of water leaks. Using these indices, the evaluation result for Japan overall was a C (Caution) in terms of deterioration and Downward in terms of maintenance management.
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Li, Pengcheng, Fei Wang, Jiajia Gao, Dong Lin, Jian Gao, Jianguo Lu, Enxi Qiu, and Chang Liu. "Failure Mode and the Prevention and Control Technology of Buried PE Pipeline in Service: State of the Art and Perspectives." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (November 25, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2228690.
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Material defects and external environmental factors increase the engineering safety risks of buried PE pipelines in service. This paper mainly reviews the failure mode and the prevention and control technology of buried PE pipelines in service, as well as comparative failure characteristics between the buried PE and steel pipelines. The main failure factors of buried PE pipelines can be divided into four levels: the first level is third-party damage; the second level includes three failure factors, i.e., surface subsidence, joint failure, and aging failure; the third level consists of pipe piercing, crack development, and pipeline defect; the fourth level is a corrosion failure. Besides, steel and PE pipelines have various physical and mechanical properties, which lead to a significant difference in the service performance and degradation mechanism in practice. For instance, corrosion and welded joint leakage are the two common problems in steel pipelines during the service period, while PE pipelines have excellent corrosion resistance. Additionally, in order to ensure and maintain the long-term operations of PE pipelines, it is of great significance to develop and promote nonexcavation technologies of construction, renewal, and repair for natural gas-buried PE pipelines. Furthermore, based on the above studies, some further research studies on buried PE pipelines in service are suggested and discussed, e.g., (a) the service performance and degradation mechanism of buried PE pipelines in complicated environmental conditions, (b) the interaction mechanism among the engineering structure, PE pipelines, and geological environment, as well as PE pipeline geological soils coupled in multiple physical fields, and (c) the combinations of the traditional engineering risk assessment method and the numerical analysis method considering the interaction between the PE pipeline and geological environment. The results could be helpful for a better understanding of the operation conditions of buried PE pipelines, and it is also hoped that this study could provide guidance for the safe operation, maintenance, and integrity management of buried PE pipelines.
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Gimaletdinov, R. R., M. R. Usmanov, S. F. Valeev, M. I. Bodyakshin, E. I. Kopalidi, V. V. Gavrilov, I. L. Zolotarev, and E. S. Zalomina. "ASSESSMENT OF THE CORROSION RATE OF PROCESS PIPELINES USING AUTOMATED REAL-TIME MONITORING." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 275 (May 2021): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2021.05.pp.050-054.
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The article discusses a conceptual approach to ensuring the reliability of technological pipelines using automated corrosion monitoring tools in combination with predictive Analytics systems. The tasks are implemented using portable wireless ultrasonic sensors for monitoring the wall thickness of technological equipment and pipelines, which support the process of monitoring and evaluating the technical condition of the equipment. Installation of sensors is carried out without violating the integrity of the pipeline or changing the design of the equipment, which provides convenience and short terms of putting them into operation. The direct measurement method allows you to reliably monitor both the current state of the system and the rate of corrosion changes in the equipment. High accuracy and repeatability of measurements allows you to track changes in the thickness of the metal of the order of 10 microns, which significantly exceeds the sensitivity of the system compared to analogues. The standard period between measurements is 12 hours, which allows you to quickly identify episodes of corrosion activity and quickly compensate for them. All changed data is accumulated, processed and stored on the server, displayed on any number of working stations connected and automated in the network. Thanks to continuous monitoring, the user can carry out operational corrective actions. The sensitivity of the sensors to thinning of the walls of the equipment makes it possible to quickly respond to changes and make timely adjustments to the chemical and technological process aimed at protecting the process equipment from corrosion. With an increase in the inter-repair mileage, there are risks associated with equipment wear, i.e. the greater the inter-repair mileage, the greater the risk of unscheduled downtime increases. This corrosion monitoring system will reduce both direct operating costs for maintenance and repair, and indirect – this is an additional product output that can be implemented. The end result is the formation of an optimal maintenance and repair program with an emphasis on maintaining critical system assets in working condition during the inter-repair period.
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Grudz, Volodymyr, Yaroslav Grudz, Ivan Pavlenko, Oleksandr Liaposhchenko, Marek Ochowiak, Vasyl Pidluskiy, Oleksandr Portechyn, et al. "Ensuring the Reliability of Gas Supply Systems by Optimizing the Overhaul Planning." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020986.
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The aim of the article is the development of methods for optimal overhaul planning of compressor station equipment. Nowadays, due to uncertainties in the forecast of gas supply flow rates, increasing the reliability and energy efficiency of main gas pipelines is an urgent problem. The dependence of operating costs for major repairs on the maintenance periodicity is extreme. Reducing equipment’s maintenance period leads to an increase in repair costs. It also increases the reliability of equipment operation. Overall, all these facts reduce the probability of emergency failures and related expenses for emergency recovery, gas losses, and undersupply to consumers. Therefore, an optimal maintenance frequency exists, at which the total operating costs will be minimal. A procedure for optimizing the periodicity of repairs and equipment replacement is proposed. It was realized by constructing an objective function as a dependence of exploitation costs on the inter-repair period of major repairs. A probabilistic approach was applied to assess the aging process. The characteristics of the equipment’s state are described by distribution densities (i.e., pre-repair, inter-repair, and full-service life), which vary depending on product initialization time. The main characteristics of major repairs are their duration and intensity, which are evaluated by the quality factor related to repair costs. The extremum of the objective function is sought by the method of competing options. It was determined that the optimal management of the frequency of equipment replacement can be realized by choosing the optimal values of the average service life, average operation time of units until the first planned and preventive repair, and quality factor. As a result, the required technical condition for the technological equipment is ensured under minimum operating costs without reducing the system’s reliability.
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Chowdhury, R. K., and M. A. Rajput. "Leakage and failures of water distribution mains in the city of Al Ain, UAE." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.086.
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A large amount of water is lost from the Al Ain water distribution system due to pipeline breakages that may have links to socio-economic and environmental impacts. The numbers of line failures in the region are too high. This study is an overview of the types and failure factors affecting water lines. Methods of repair and rehabilitation are described. Three case study locations were investigated. The incidence of water line breakages is relatively higher in the summer. Pipelines in the study region are comparatively new. The pipeline failures identified could be reduced by adopting modern detection techniques. Water line breakage control could improve water quality, reduce the maintenance budget and help the environment.
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Zapukhliak, V. B., Yu H. Melnychenko, V. Ya Hrudz, L. Ya Poberezhnyi, and Ya V. Doroshenko. "Analysis of the stress-deformed state of pipelines during plunging." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 2(34) (December 29, 2020): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2020-2(34)-56-66.
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Recently, there has been a need to carry out work on deepening the pipeline (plunging) in some areas, where the depth of pipeline location was found to be inconsistent with the relevant standards. That is, pipelines during operation can be partially opened as a result of soil erosion, and they also tend to lose stability as a result of various factors (pressure, temperature, soil water content, etc.) and rise up (float). Also, the facts of laying pipelines in the process of their construction not to the design marks are known, due to the "low" construction conduct, that is, when the pipeline in some sections was in a trench, the depth of which did not correspond to the project. Further operation of such pipelines may be under the threat of the pipeline coming to the surface and mechanical damage to the insulation and the pipe body. Therefore, to ensure reliable operation of the pipeline, which has got raised sections, it is necessary to lower these sections to the design marks. To do this, it is necessary to develop equipmentand technology for repair work of this type. Therefore, the article considers two options for post-trenchingpipelines: lowering under its own weight without supporting and lowering with the maintenance of the pipeline by a supporting machine. For both methods of plunging, the stress-strain state of the pipeline was simulated during its lowering to the design level on the created mathematical model. An algorithm for calculating the geometric parameters of work performance, determining the stress state and checking the strength of the pipeline has been proposed.
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Vlădescu, Robert-Gheorghe. "Methods of Carrying Out the Anticipative Maintenance of Fluid Hydrocarbons Transport Systems." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Machine constructions Section 67, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipcm-2021-0016.
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Abstract The scientific knowledge, transposed into the engineering practice, requires the collection, by using the most state-of-the-art and complete means of the information necessary for the decision to initiate the most appropriate measures of predictive maintenance. In this context, the information provided as a result of the investigation of the pipelines intended for the transport of fluid hydrocarbons with smart pigging devices (cleaning, calibration, geometric, magnetic flux leakage) refers to those pre-existing in the questionnaire of the pipeline of the inspection operation. The values in the questionnaire are used to evaluate the anomalies in the inspection reports (preliminary and final). A quantitative assessment of anomalies is based on, and limited exclusively to the results of the inspection, and does not include any numerical parameters (corrosion growth rates, anodic potential etc.), other than those from In-Line Inspection such as values Estimated Repair Factor (ERF) of anomalies. The questionnaire (initial data provided) of the pipeline to be investigated with smart pigging devices includes at least: pipe diameter, wall thickness, pipe material, design pressure, Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP), transported product, curve type, investigation history. The detection thresholds are applied in accordance with the manufacturing standards of the pipes. Generally, the calculation results, namely ERF and safe pressure, based on ASME B31G (Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines) are used to present the pipeline condition. There are several approaches that can be used to characterize the behavior of corrosion anomalies, both pierced and partial. ASME B31G is a very conservative criterion that helps operators avoid unnecessary cuts. It is based on an empirical adequacy to an extensive series of tests on a full scale on vessels with narrow ridges. Depth-based histograms show the distribution of all metal loss characteristics detected along the entire length of the pipe relative to their location and surface. The approach to the referred issue allows the collection of essential information about the pipeline, and presents summaries of any anomalies of the pipeline, having a comprehensive character.
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Politova, T. O., Sh G. Ziganshin, E. R. Bazukova, and A. V. Busarov. "Improving the heating networks efficiency by implementing instrumental methods of control." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 05079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912405079.
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Problems of increasing the reliability and efficiency of heating networks operation are closely related to the reduction of costs for the repair and restoration activities. The high cost of installation and emergency restoration work in the conditions of a shortage of funds dictates the need to develop and implement new methods of maintenance. Diagnostics of heat networks allows to determine their technical condition, to identify the most decrepit sections of pipelines for the purpose of repair work.
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Uilhoorn, Ferdinand, and Maciej Witek. "Influence of unsteady pressure-flow conditions on strength of steel pipelines with volumetric defects reinforced by composite sleeves." E3S Web of Conferences 137 (2019): 01043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913701043.
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Structural integrity and risk management have a wide interest because of its practical applications, such as oil and gas pipelines, piping systems under pressure in power stations, urban water, and heating networks. The main goal of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to estimate the unsteady pressureflow variations in a gas transmission grid within the framework of sequential data assimilation. This technique enables to determine accurately the maximum pressure at the localized defect on the pipeline by merging measurements that contain random errors into the inexact numerical flow model. For this purpose, a particle filter is used. The semi-discretization approach is applied to convert the nonisothermal flow model into an initial value problem of ordinary differential equations. The spatial discretization is based on a five-point, fourth-order finite difference approximation and the time marching was done using a diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta scheme. Secondly, to study the strength of steel tubes reinforced with composite sleeves containing localized part-wall thickness losses caused by corrosion while taking into consideration a safe operating pressure. For a steel thin-walled cylinder containing a wrap of fiberglass with epoxy resin, the burst pressure and sleeve thickness are determined. Finally, the repaired pipeline with a fiber-reinforced composite sleeve is investigated. The results enable operators to handle problems of corroded steel pipelines and develop effective repair activities during operation. For this reason, current research is important for the maintenance of underground steel networks.
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Odanović, Zoran Dušan. "Some advanced welding technologies applied for repair welding in power plants." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 27, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/631.
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Steels are subjected to many time-dependent degradation mechanisms when they are applied in electric power plants. They are exposed to high temperatures, multi-axial stresses, creep, fatigue, corrosion, and abrasion during such services. Used under these threatening conditions, those materials could develop various damages or failures or even form cracks. Therefore, it is desirable to prevent in-service failures, improve reliability, and extend the plant's operational life. The efficiency of the electric power plant, among other processes, depends on effective maintenance. The paper presents the evaluation of advanced procedures and knowledge in the field of steel repair welding in the maintenance of the power plants. Most repair welding of low alloy steels requires high-temperature post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), but in certain repairs, however, this is not always possible. Application of the nickel-based filler metal could also be an alternative to performing post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). The repair work expenses could be reduced if the repair is performed on-site. The novel developed repair welding procedures presented in this paper were applied for emergency weld repairing of the steel pipelines in thermal power plant, repairing without disassembling the working wheel of the coal mill in thermal power plant and "on-site" repairing turbine shaft of the hydropower plant. For all the presented repair welding procedures, weldability analysis based on the analytical equations and technological ''CTS'' and ''Y'' tests to determine the sensitivity to cold and hot crack forming were applied. Tensile tests, absorbed energies tests, banding tests, and hardness measurements were performed on trial joints, which were used to develop and verify the applied methodologies. Presented advanced weld repair technologies enable repairs for a shorter time and at lower costs compared to conventional procedures.
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Dumitrescu, Andrei, Mihail Minescu, Alin Dinita, and Ionut Lambrescu. "Corrosion Repair of Pipelines Using Modern Composite Materials Systems: A Numerical Performance Evaluation." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030615.
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Pipe corrosion is a frequent phenomenon, and if repairs are delayed it could lead to environmental damage. Drilling activities can expand only when sufficient surface transportation capacity for the produced fluids exists and thus good maintenance of the transportation system is important. Furthermore, the technology presented herein can be easily upgraded as a repair solution for surface casing section below the casing head, which have been repeatedly reported as being highly corroded for older wells. This paper presents the results of the research work carried out by the authors in order to evaluate the design methods of the modern composite material systems used to repair steel pipes carrying hydrocarbons upon which local metal loss defects (generated by corrosion and/or erosion processes) have been detected. The pipe repair technologies consisting of the application of composite material wraps (made of a polymeric matrix and reinforcing fabric) are perceived as being advantageous alternative solutions for substituting the conventional technologies, which require welding operations to be performed in the corroded pipe areas. The performance and the design methods of the composite repair systems have been investigated by evaluating the reinforcement effects (the restoration level of the damaged pipe mechanical strength) generated by the applied composite wraps as a function of their geometry and mechanical properties. To that purpose, numerical models based on finite elements (previously developed by the authors and certified by comparing them with the results of several experimental programs performed within our university) have been used. The calculation methods proposed in literature (among which a method previously proposed by the authors) to define the composite wrap dimensions (thickness and length) for a given pipe have been compared to the numerical results in order to select the most adequate solution for the design of the composite repair system. The influence in the design process of the defect orientation and of its width has also been investigated.
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Chvostová, Eva, Pavel Podaný, and Pavel Konopík. "Analysis of Pipeline Serviceability for Water Supply to Power Plant." Solid State Phenomena 270 (November 2017): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.270.156.
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The paper deals with residual serviceability of pipelines that are used for water supply and water drainage to/from the energy sector. During maintenance, some excessively corroded segments were observed. Using mobile microscopy, the material of these segments was analyzed on-site, and samples were taken from the pipeline for further microstructure analysis and mechanical properties in the laboratory. The sampling device is specifically designed to draw a small amount of experimental material (approx. 20 x 20 x 3 mm) from the operating components, and since it leaves only a small cavity on site, it is usually possible to continue operating components without repair. To evaluate the mechanical properties of the collected material, it was necessary to use newly developed tests on miniature bodies.
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BIELIKOV, V., and Z. MATSUK. "REGULATORY PROVISION OF SAFETY OF GAS TRANSPORT. CONSTRUKTIONAL DESIGN OF MOBILE COMPRESSOR STATIONS." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.270421.13.746.
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Problem statement. The basis for the safety and efficiency of the main gas transportation in the world is the tightness of the gas transportation system. A component of the level of industrial safety and efficiency of gas transmission enterprises is the emissions of natural gas into the working area, the environment and the associated costs. Numerous methods of repairing pipeline gas transportation facilities, such as enhancing the bearing capacity of pipelines, repairing defects under gas pressure without interrupting the transportation process, etc., are either not devoid of risks from the point of view of industrial safety, or are energy and resource inefficient. The main type of repair that restores the operable state of the gas transmission system is the replacement of defective equipment, but it is still associated with the release of large volumes of natural gas into the environment. In the second decade of the 2000s, thanks to the rapid development of compressor technology and the invention of a sufficient number of ways to connect compressor units (stations) to main gas pipelines, without stopping the gas transportation process, gas transmission enterprises of the world had a real opportunity to evacuate gas from pipeline sections subject to repair (maintenance ) or accumulate it (control gas pressure in local areas), but the analysis of world experience in the development of gas pressure control technology in localized sections of gas pipelines allows us to assert that there are certain disparities between them in terms of operational safety and the complete absence of regulatory support for the transportation process in Ukraine gas using mobile compressor stations. With this approach to the production process, it is difficult to improve the safety and efficiency of the gas transportation process. The potential for reducing natural gas emissions from the world's gas industry reaches billions of cubic meters of natural gas per year. Purpose of the article. Development of technical requirements for mobile compressor units (stations), which will make it possible to design domestic gas compressor units (stations) capable of safely performing work on pumping natural gas from a localized section of the main gas pipeline to an existing main gas pipeline, within no more than 96 hours, without restrictions on gas supply to consumers. Conclusion. The technical requirements developed by us for mobile compressor units (stations) allow us to design domestic compressor units (stations) capable of safely performing work on pumping natural gas from a localized section of the main gas pipeline to the existing main gas pipeline, within no more than 96 hours, without restrictions on gas supply to consumers.
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Gulyaev, I. V., S. E. Stepanov, A. B. Vasenin, A. A. Kosorotov, and O. V. Kryukov. "APPLICATION SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING SYSTEM OF GAS PIPELINES." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 288 (June 2022): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.06.pp.048-059.
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The article considers a scientifically based approach that ensures trouble-free operation of large-scale distributed production facilities using a set of measures, one of the components of which is an automated monitoring system. A procedure for automated collection of a large array of data from the entire object in a relatively short period of time with automatic interpretation and visualization of information in forms convenient for decision-making is proposed. It is shown that one of the most important indicators of the functioning of pipeline transport is the level of the stress-strain state of the metal, which depends on internal and external factors – the parameters of the transportation process, the state of the pipeline metal, ground movement and other meteorological and technological factors. At the same time, the integration of the monitoring system with automated systems for planning and carrying out routine maintenance and repair work, as well as closer integration with automated process control systems and dispatch control systems, is very significant. As a result of the creation of such a system of integrated monitoring of the gas pipeline, data exchange speeds are increased, their analytical processing is provided, as well as rapid visualization on the control room operator's workstation. The implementation of these procedures for automatic interpretation and visual representation of large volumes of incoming information contributes to the support of operational decision-making during the operation of oil and gas pipelines in adverse environmental conditions.
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Kulkarni, Ajit C. "Saturation diver fatality due to hydrogen sulphide while working on a subsea pipe line." Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm51.1.94-97.
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In the offshore oil industry, Multipurpose Support Vessels with extensive diving capability are used for inspection, maintenance and repair of subsea pipelines. The diving industry has developed systemic safety checks and strict regulatory control after a number of fatal accidents in early years. However, accidents do continue to occur and, when involving divers in the water, are often fatal. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), called ‘sour gas’ in an oil field, is produced by the action of anaerobic bacteria on sulphate containing organic matter. A highly toxic gas, it remains a constant danger for offshore oil industry workers who must remain vigilant. Crude oil and gas produced in these oilfields is called ‘sour crude’ and pipelines carry this crude with varying content of dissolved H2S to shore for processing. Divers are routinely called to attend to leaking pipelines and come in contact with this crude. Their hot water suits and umbilical lines are often covered with crude containing dissolved H2S. There is always a possibility that these may enter and contaminate the bell environment. Such a case leading to fatality is reported here.
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Kulkarni, Ajit C. "Saturation diver fatality due to hydrogen sulphide while working on a subsea pipe line." Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm51.1.94-97.
Full textAbstract:
In the offshore oil industry, Multipurpose Support Vessels with extensive diving capability are used for inspection, maintenance and repair of subsea pipelines. The diving industry has developed systemic safety checks and strict regulatory control after a number of fatal accidents in early years. However, accidents do continue to occur and, when involving divers in the water, are often fatal. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), called ‘sour gas’ in an oil field, is produced by the action of anaerobic bacteria on sulphate containing organic matter. A highly toxic gas, it remains a constant danger for offshore oil industry workers who must remain vigilant. Crude oil and gas produced in these oilfields is called ‘sour crude’ and pipelines carry this crude with varying content of dissolved H2S to shore for processing. Divers are routinely called to attend to leaking pipelines and come in contact with this crude. Their hot water suits and umbilical lines are often covered with crude containing dissolved H2S. There is always a possibility that these may enter and contaminate the bell environment. Such a case leading to fatality is reported here.
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Kuzmin, Dmitry A., and Anastasia V. Andreenkova. "The research of the stress-strain state with local thinning in pipelines and determination of allowable values of concentration stress and strain." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 15, no. 5 (December 15, 2019): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2019-15-5-384-391.
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Relevance. The nuclear power plant contains a large number of equipment and pipelines subject to flow acceleration corrosion. As a result of a combination of various parameters - sizes (diameters, wall thickness), operational parameters (internal pressure, temperature), steels and elements types - the number of design cases is tens of thousands, without counting the possible forms of thinning. The process of maintenance and repair at the stations are doing an assessment of the accordance of actual and allowable values of wall thicknesses. The ensuring safe operations of equipment and pipelines have been introduced correction functions for regulatory functions, taking into account the forms of thinning, to determine the permissible thinning. The aim of the work. The task is to determine the influence of the forms and types of thinning on the stress-strain state and to determine the most critical thinning for straight sections of pipelines subject to flow acceleration corrosion taking into account emergency conditions. Methods. The allowable values of stress concentration factors (deformations) of pipelines subject without flow acceleration corrosion was determined taking into account allowable values, the requirements of the federal norms and rules for emergency operating conditions. For researches of the stress concentration coefficients were used the finite element method and analytical methods for various shapes, sizes and depths of thinning. Results. A method has been developed, that allows getting the maximum allowable values of stress concentration factors (deformations) for emergency operation, which afford to determine the maximum allowable depth of thinning in emergency conditions - an above criterion. The researches have been carried out definition of the stress concentration factors for local thinning with various types of these thinning. The functions of concentration coefficients depending on the geometric parameters of local thinning wall thickness were determined for a straight section of the pipeline. As a result of the research, the dependences of the sizes of thinning on the concentration coefficients for straight pipelines were created and a master-curve was obtained. The researches were carried out take into account the load from internal pressure and bending moment.
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Koroli, M. A., and A. R. Ivanisova. "Thermal insulation of engineering structures with mineral wool based on basalt fiber." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2388, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2388/1/012061.
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Abstract The most vulnerable link of central heating systems are heat pipelines. Steam and condensate pipelines devoid of thermal insulation are a constant source of heat loss, which can be easily eliminated. In most cases, the thermal insulation of all heated surfaces does not present significant difficulties. There may be situations when the insulation was removed during maintenance or repair and not restored at the end of the work. Removable thermal insulation elements of valves and other devices may also be missing. To ensure the economic efficiency and reliability of heat supply, it is necessary to intensively modernize heating networks. The most effective way to increase the energy efficiency of engineering structures is the use of modern structural solutions using thermal insulation materials. In addition, it allows you to reduce operating costs, that is, to achieve significant savings in fuel resources. The economical efficiency of district heating systems at the current scale of heat consumption largely depends on the thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines. The struggle to reduce transport heat losses in pipelines is the most important means of saving fuel resources. The paper considers the possibility of improving the energy efficiency of engineering structures through the use of modern structural solutions using thermal insulation materials based on basalt fiber.
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Wang, Wenming, Jianqiang Guo, Jinchao Fan, Shimin Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zhu, and Caidong Wang. "Research on the proportional-integral-derivative synchronous control method of the marine spherical isolation plug in the rotation process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 234, no. 4 (May 2, 2020): 810–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090220913704.
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The emergency pipeline repair technology is crucial to the maintenance and safety of pipelines under the emergency condition. In the offshore industry, the marine spherical isolation plug, a novel active plug device, is a significant emergency repair equipment of the hot tapping and line stop operation. In this article, the structure scheme and operation process of the marine spherical isolation plug are designed. A mathematic model is extracted from the proposed structure, and then the coordinates of the center of the spherical plug head is calculated using the D–H method. The displacements of the inserting hydraulic cylinder and the rotation hydraulic cylinder are investigated to provide the remote control data for the upper computer controller during the torsion process of the plug head. Moreover, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) synchronous control method simulated by MATLAB is presented to reduce the rotation error of the plug head. To discuss the control strategy, a numerical model using ADAMS software is built. The results show that the error of the PID synchronous control method is more precise than that of the signal step-by-step control method; the number of steps of 90 is recommended in the actual operation. This article will provide theoretical guidance for the optimization design of the marine spherical isolation plug system.
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Ильина, Марина Николаевна, and Дмитрий Васильевич Ларюшкин. "Improvement of the methodology assessment of reliability heat supply systems at the facilities of main pipelines." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2021-11-2-198-202.
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Источником информации о техническом состоянии трубопроводов тепловых сетей объектов магистральных нефтепроводов ПАО «Транснефть» являются результаты их обслуживания и ремонта, технического освидетельствования, гидравлических испытаний и т. д. На основании этих данных проводятся расчеты показателей надежности, по итогам анализа которых осуществляется планирование дальнейшего технического обслуживания и ремонта. Однако при оценке надежности систем теплоснабжения необходимо учитывать не только срок эксплуатации и величину амортизационного износа, но и реальное состояние в конкретных условиях функционирования. Учесть многообразие факторов, которые влияют на работоспособность трубопроводов системы теплоснабжения, и тем самым повысить точность расчетов при оценке их остаточного ресурса позволяет применение кластерного анализа в дополнение к используемой методике оценки надежности тепловых сетей. В рамках настоящей работы оценка надежности объектов АО «Связьтранснефть» с применением кластерного анализа проведена на примере равнозначных участков тепловых сетей двух узлов связи, расположенных в Краснодарском крае и Республике Саха (Якутия). Currently, information about technical condition of pipelines of heat supply systems at the facilities of the main oil pipelines of PJSC Transneft is formed based on the results of maintenance and repair, technical inspection, hydraulic tests, etc. Upon these data, calculations of reliability indicators of heat networks are carried out, based on the analysis of calculations further maintenance and repairs are planned. However, when assessing the reliability of heat supply systems, it is necessary to take into account not only the service life and the amount of depreciation wear of heat network elements, but also their real state in specific operating conditions. The use of cluster analysis in addition to the currently used method of heat network reliability assessment allows us to take into account the variety of factors that affect the operability of pipelines of the heat supply system, and thereby increase the accuracy of calculations when assessing their residual resource. Within the framework of this work, the reliability assessment of Svyaztransneft JSC facilities using cluster analysis was carried out on the example of equivalent sections of heat networks of two communication nodes located in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
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Minescu, Mihail, and Ion Pană. "Safety Evaluation of the Pipelines Systems for Petroleum Products." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.782.
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The methods of assessment of the limit state of failure of the pipelines from transport systems are characterized by high safety factors. The current trend is that by more accurate calculation methods, structured on several levels and based on the information about the factors involved in the evaluation process (material characteristics, pipeline thickness, operating pressure and their range of variation, the precision of the used investigation method, the security class of pipeline) these safety factors may be reduced. The mentioned aspects can be found in many papers and in the recent versions of standards DNV RP 579 and API 101. The paper shows the importance of considering the defect position to reduce the level of conservatism of the method of evaluation. This is possible in the modern methods of inspection which indicates the position of the defect. Based on the results of an inspection we can calculate the probability of failure of a pipeline and it can be an indicator of pipeline safety instead of the actual indicator expressed by the number of defects per km established by the operator or by the third parties. Any inspection of a pipeline has to be followed by a maintenance program based on available information. In this case, even if we have to emit certain assumptions and approximations (such as neglecting the interaction between the defects), the repairs of a pipeline may be indicated at the right time to maintain the safety in the operation.
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Shin, H., K. Kobayashi, J. Koo, and M. Do. "Estimating burst probability of water pipelines with a competing hazard model." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 1 (January 21, 2015): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.016.
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Because pipeline systems represent more than 80% of the total asset value of water-distribution systems, their management is an important issue for water utilities. A pipeline deteriorates over time after installation and, along with the deterioration, pipe bursts can occur as various types, and the choice of a maintenance and repair strategy will depend on the burst types. It is therefore important to forecast the occurrence probability of each burst type. This paper addresses a competing deterioration-hazard model that allows modelling of deterioration by multiple types of failure and focuses on the bursts which occur in the pipe body or connection. The Weibull hazard model is used to address the lifetime of each pipeline, measured from when it was buried, and the model takes into account the competing nature of various types of failure by using a competing hazard model. The competing deterioration-hazard model allows us to determine the probability of deterioration in the pipe body and connection. The model is estimated by Bayesian inference using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The applicability of the method to data for an existing pipeline system is examined.
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Ding, Qing Xin, Xiao Meng Liu, Xiao Zhong Lou, Zai Ming Han, Shi Min Zhang, Ying Cheng Tian, and Kun Liang Hui. "The Research on the Cutting Property and Structural Optimization on Tooth of Oil and Gas Pipeline Tapping Cutter." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1335.
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The tap cutter is one of the key equipment for the pipeline maintenance and rush repair, which in intended to solve broken tooth due to continuous cutting and impact during tapping. Three kinds of tap cutter optimization schemes are put forward and the finite element design and cutting experiment are applied to study its cutting property. The results show that, the optimized tooth can improve the tapping effect, largely enhance the cutting property, which has reached the level of the most advanced TDW tap cutter; thus, it is of great importance on the efficiency improvement and cost saving of the domestic pipeline maintenance and rush repair.
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Khalifa, Mohamed, Faisal Khan, and Joseph Thorp. "Risk-based maintenance and remaining life assessment for gas turbines." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 21, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-12-2012-0047.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a quantitative model for risk-based maintenance and remaining life assessment for gas turbines. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed model uses historical failure and repair data from the operation of gas turbines. The time to failure of gas turbines is modeled using Weibull distribution. Findings – The total risk is estimated considering replacement cost, repair cost, operation cost, risk of failure and turbine remaining value after a specified period of time. Originality/value – The model is an effective tool to make optimal decisions regarding maintenance strategy (repair or replacement) and to assess the remaining life based on a comparison of the total risk. The literature review focusses on developing different models to make risk-based decisions regarding the selection of a maintenance strategy and maintenance interval, however, literature is silent regarding risk-based assessment of the equipment remaining life, which is the focus of present work. The model is tested and applied to ageing gas turbines in a cross-country pipeline.
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Fuyi. "Discussion on the application of CCTV detection in the pipeline network inspection project of a community repair project in Shanghai." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 04034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123604034.
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Taking the pipeline inspection as an example, this paper cleborates the CCTV detection process, and expounds the corresponding technical points combined with the construction site and relevant specifications. According to the inspection results, the defects of the pipeline are evaluated, and the corresponding maintenance and repair opinions are proposed.
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Christodoulou, S., C. Charalambous, and A. Adamou. "Rehabilitation and maintenance of water distribution network assets." Water Supply 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.066.
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In light of the increasing and pressing need to efficiently manage scarce water resources, there has been renewed interest by water distribution network owners to develop and implement water management strategies and tools that would assist in the integrated and automated management of those networks. Such asset management strategies should assist the network owners to evaluate the condition of the water distribution network, assess historical incident data (leakage or breakage) and risk of failure, visualise areas of high risk, propose “repair or replace” strategies and prioritise the work based on the inherent risk and cost of action. The methodology and support system outlined in this paper can form an integral part of a leakage management strategy and provide a useful decision-making tool. The work presented outlines an integrated methodology and a decision support system for arriving at such “repair-or-replace” decisions, as part of a long-term pipeline asset management program that could be undertaken by a water utility to improve on the reliability of the water distribution networks.
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Efimenko, Nikolay S., Ildar A. Sabanaev, and Ilnur N. Madyshev. "Simulation of repair and technical maintenance processes for power-generating equipment components at chemical factories." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800026.
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Theoretical aspects and experience of using the mathematical modeling and computerized simulation technology for solving the problems of installation and repair of process equipment of chemical and petrochemical industries are considered in this scientific paper. Computational model of restoring process to working condition of pipeline section has been developed. It is shown that if you use the developed model, then the labor-intensive installation activities, related to the repair works on heat and power networks of chemical industries, can be performed in a more efficient way.
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Salcedo, Edwin, Mona Jaber, and Jesús Requena Carrión. "A Novel Road Maintenance Prioritisation System Based on Computer Vision and Crowdsourced Reporting." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 11, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan11010015.
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The maintenance of critical infrastructure is a costly necessity that developing countries often struggle to deliver timely repairs. The transport system acts as the arteries of any economy in development, and the formation of potholes on roads can lead to injuries and the loss of lives. Recently, several countries have enabled pothole reporting platforms for their citizens, so that repair work data can be centralised and visible for everyone. Nevertheless, many of these platforms have been interrupted because of the rapid growth of requests made by users. Not only have these platforms failed to filter duplicate or fake reports, but they have also failed to classify their severity, albeit that this information would be key in prioritising repair work and improving the safety of roads. In this work, we aimed to develop a prioritisation system that combines deep learning models and traditional computer vision techniques to automate the analysis of road irregularities reported by citizens. The system consists of three main components. First, we propose a processing pipeline that segments road sections of repair requests with a UNet-based model that integrates a pretrained Resnet34 as the encoder. Second, we assessed the performance of two object detection architectures—EfficientDet and YOLOv5—in the task of road damage localisation and classification. Two public datasets, the Indian Driving Dataset (IDD) and the Road Damage Detection Dataset (RDD2020), were preprocessed and augmented to train and evaluate our segmentation and damage detection models. Third, we applied feature extraction and feature matching to find possible duplicated reports. The combination of these three approaches allowed us to cluster reports according to their location and severity using clustering techniques. The results showed that this approach is a promising direction for authorities to leverage limited road maintenance resources in an impactful and effective way.
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Li, Jun, Ming Zhou, Ya Nan Si, and Jia Jia Li. "Trenchless Repair Technology and Application of Urban Sewer System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 992–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.992.
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With the constant expansion of urban construction, the rapid development of urban underground pipeline becomes complex. Due to disrepair, improper maintenance and management and other factors, the urban sewer appears varying degrees of damage phenomenon. Therefore, the urban underground sewer repair becomes an urgent problem. This article introduces the methods of trenchless pipe rehabilitation technology and developments at home and abroad. It also elaborates the technology design points of stainless steel foam cylinder repair, combining with engineering examples.
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Saleh, Yusuf, Muhammad Sani Yahya, and Aliyu Bukar Dala. "Vibro-Acoustics for Reli-ability Modeling of Un-derwater Pipeline using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), with Minimum Energy Consumption." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.36 (May 6, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.36.29090.
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WSN is a network of clusters of sensors nodes which sense the parameter and communicates to a server. Target is to develop underwater pipeline monitoring system remotely with lower energy consumption. Reliability maintenance will effectively give optimum performance of pipeline system operation. Reliability ensures optimum performance in the range of operation based on the behavior of the system. Validation of the mathematical model for the flow in pipeline system is used to study vibrations as elements that affect the reliability of the pipeline. In this, the focus is to validate and model the reliability for the pipeline system from the vibrations for predictive maintenance and optimum performance. Subsequently, vibro-acoustics will be used to model the reliability equation. A software can be developed for simulating the reliability model for pipeline system behavior from the vibration factors and use for predictive maintenance. Reliability factors of mean time to failure, repair and others will be put in to use to develop the original model for the pipeline. A hypothesis of 90% predictive model from the reliability under pipeline system behavior will be developed.
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Vorobyeva, Julia, Igor Zhutaev, Yuri Trukhin, and Nadezhda Chaika. "Rational maintenance and management of heating networks of the city." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 10041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016410041.
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The solution of specific tasks of management and rational maintenance of energy systems of cities can be ensured by a constantly updated unified urban geographic information system. The article discusses the main possibilities of using geographic information systems to determine the reliability indicators of heat supply networks, increase their efficiency and manageability by the processes of their operation. The analysis of the technical condition of the heat network of the city of Voronezh, the statistics of accidents and repair work on sections of the pipeline. The main shortcomings of the existing reliability accounting system, which does not imply the process of managing repair and restoration work, are identified. The expediency of making operational decisions on the basis of up-to-date information on the condition of sections of the heating network in different areas of the city and different periods of installation and repair is proved. The necessity of creating a constantly updated, updated and updated database of all systems of the city of Voronezh using geographic information technologies is justified. The analysis of factors leading to the need for reconstruction of heat supply systems is carried out. It has been established that the most common reasons leading to the need for reconstruction of heat supply systems are: change in the number of connected consumers; change in flow, temperature or pressure in the heating network; mismatch of energy indicators of the system with modern requirements.
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Metje, N., D. N. Chapman, C. D. F. Rogers, and K. Bongs. "Seeing through the Ground: The Potential of Gravity Gradient as a Complementary Technology." Advances in Civil Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/903758.
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In the UK there is a huge legacy of buried utility service pipelines and cables beneath our streets and new services, such as fibre optic cables, are being added all the time. Much of this utility network is poorly mapped and recorded. It is therefore important to accurately locate and map these services to aid the installation of new, and repair and maintenance of existing, assets. This will help avoid damage to adjacent services and reduce the direct and social costs associated with finding buried utilities. This paper describes two major UK initiatives—Mapping the Underworld (MTU) and Gravity Gradient Technologies and Opportunities Programme (GG-TOP)—that aim to improve the way that we locate, map, and share information on buried utility services. MTU aims to develop a multisensor device to locate buried services, while GG-TOP aims to develop gravity gradient technology to deliver a (three orders of magnitude) step change in performance.
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Pauling, M., and C. M. Ball. "Delivery of Anoxic Gas Mixtures in Anaesthesia: Case Report and Review of the Struggle towards Safer Standards of Care." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 45, no. 1_suppl (July 2017): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x170450s104.
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In 1983 a patient at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne died during general anaesthesia for emergency surgery, in the weeks following maintenance to the operating theatre gas supply. In the ensuing investigation, it was revealed that he had been given 100% nitrous oxide throughout the anaesthetic due to the inadvertent crossing of the nitrous oxide and oxygen pipelines during the repair work. In this article we review the published literature on the delivery of hypoxic and anoxic gas mixtures, and the associated morbidity and mortality. We explore the developments that took place in the delivery of anaesthetic gases, and the unforeseen dangers associated with these advances. We consider the risks to patient safety when technological advances outpaced the implementation of essential safety standards. We investigate the events that pushed the development of safer standards of anaesthetic practice and patient monitoring, which have contributed to modern day theatre practice. Finally, we consider the risks that still exist in the hospital environment, and the need for on-going vigilance.
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Kotukh, Volodimir, Yevhenii Varlamov, Kateryna Palieieva, and Oleksii Ilinskyi. "Solution of the Problem of Operational Reliability and Environmental Safety of Transport Pipeline Systems." Materials Science Forum 1038 (July 13, 2021): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1038.393.
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Ensuring technogenic and environmental safety of transport pipeline systems is a complex state task. The main group of reasons leading to failures, accidents and other incidents in these systems is associated with the quality of manufacture (repair) of equipment, as well as the level of operation of transport pipeline systems. At the present stage of transport pipeline systems development, the design-technological approach, including the maintenance and repair of valves, is significantly changing. Particular attention is paid to the abrasive finishing and lapping treatment, which allows, in one operation, carrying out first the roughing (allowance removal), and then the final finishing with achievement of the shape and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. The proposed calculated dependences allow predicting the operation reliability and durability of high-precision products of transport pipeline systems valves and, thus, increase the level of environmental safety of transport pipeline systems.
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Kostyuk, Yu, A. Tertishnik, and S. Nesterenko. "ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CATHODIC PROTECTION OF PIPELINES AND TANKS." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 163 (June 29, 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-109-116.
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The data on the introduction of new energy-saving technologies of cathodic protection – the installation of magnetite ground electrodes, the use of new activators based on coke breeze, a pulse converter for automatic control of cathodic protection objects are considered. Practical results show that the use of magnetite anodes allows maintaining a high permissible current density, therefore, it is suitable for widespread use in various soils and seawater. The rate of dissolution of magnetite is 0.02 kg / (A • year). Magnetite anodes are also successfully used for the repair of GAZ wells (deep earthing conductors made of metal pipes). To perform this type of work, a typical project has been developed, which allows restoring the operability of deep anode grounding with minimal costs and without the use of expensive drilling operations. The use of activated coke breeze significantly reduces the transition resistance of the anode grounding. It has been practically proven that when using a coke-mineral activator, the transition resistance is significantly reduced due to an increase in the electrical conductivity of the filler at the anode space, the geometric dimensions and current of the diverting object increase, and the transition resistance of the anode - ground is stabilized. LLC "Elmet" has developed a pulse converter of automatic control IPAU designed to convert alternating current into rectified direct current with the possibility of automatic adjustments in several parameters. The basis of the converters is a high-frequency transistor inverter, developed on the basis of the latest achievements in power electronics. The use of stations of the IPAU type with telemetry allows to reduce labor costs for their maintenance in accordance with clause R.6.1 DSTU B V.2.5-29: 2006 Gas supply system. Underground steel gas pipelines and p. 8.9 of DSTU 4219: 2003 Steel main pipelines, which will make it possible to use the freed up personnel in other areas.
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Vinnari, E. M., and J. J. Hukka. "An international comparison of the institutional governance of water utility asset management and its implications for Finland." Water Policy 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2009): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.115.
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Concerns over the condition of water and sewerage networks and their facilities are especially topical as several countries, including Finland, are approaching a stage where their aging and deteriorating pipelines will demand extensive repair, renewal and replacement. Solving the problems related to the construction and, in particular, the maintenance of water service infrastructures requires the methods of long-term planning and strategic decision-making, which are often referred to as water utility asset management. Since maintaining the operational capacity of water service systems has a crucial role in preventing hazards to human health and to the environment, the policy-level consideration of issues related to asset management planning seems well justified. A review of the institutional governance of asset management and investment planning in countries that are facing similar challenges provides several replicable principles for the water sector in Finland. A combination of legal requirements and professionally established norms could be expected to set an appropriate balance between securing adequate service levels and allowing utilities to decide autonomously on additional improvements.