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1
Meilani, Sarah, Ariani Dwi Astuti, and Ratnaningsih Ratnaningsih. "DESIGN OF PLUMBING SYSTEM AT TUNJUNGAN PLAZA APARTMENT, SURABAYA." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 1, no. 1 (December 9, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v1i1.2406.
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<strong>Aim:</strong> This study of plumbing system plan is aimed at planning a plumbing system that is compatible with clean water, waste water and rain water management at Tunjungan Plaza apartment, Surabaya City, Indonesia according to SNI 8153-2015, and meet 5 aspects of safety, security, simplicity, beauty, and economy. It applies water supply system which commonly used for tall buildings, namely Roof Tank system. <strong>Methodology and Result</strong>: Plumbing system planning methods are collecting and analyzing fluctuation in water use, planning clean water and recycled water systems by endorsing alternative piping for clean water and recycled water. In addition to water supply, recycled water system that utilizes waste water to be recycled for flushing closets and watering plants also required to be implemented. Average daily water consumption is 268 m<sup>3</sup>/day for clean water and 44 m<sup>3</sup>/day for recycled water with the capacity of ground water tank for clean water is 564.54 m<sup>3</sup> and recycled water is 62 m<sup>3</sup>. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study:</strong> Clean water supply system will implement roof tank system and recycled water will reutilize wastewater for flushing on toilet tank and watering the plants. Waste water use separated system between grey water and black water and then distributed to STP to be treated and reused for flushing water closet and watering plants. Rain water goes to infiltration well by gravity through designed 1 well. Total amount of investment of plumbing equipment is Rp 2,157,697,501,- with cost of water supply per unit Rp 4,445,643,- meanwhile waste water piping cost per units is Rp 1,070,711,-.
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Savarkar, Ms Vaishnavi, Dr Tushar G. Shende, and Mr Narendra Bobde. "Review on Effect of Plumbing System in Construction." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48719.
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Abstract: Effect of Plumbing System in Construction plays an important role. Pipe damage and defects are part of pipe maintenance. There is no chance or short circuit during Plumbing maintenance. Plumbing and plumbing involves various components that should be examined, so there is a chance that one or the other component may break. These components can cause some temporary problems as well as long-term structural damage due to water seeping into walls and floors. To avoid such problems, it is important to fix plumbing problems as soon as they are discovered. The durability of the pipe system depends on the quality of its parts and the installation skills of the installers. No plumbing system, however well designed, can be expected to operate safely or hygienically unless the products or materials used are satisfactory. The opposite is also true if the best quality products or materials are used but incorrectly installed, the system will fail. Therefore, proper research and its operation will ensure optimal success and satisfactorily meet the expectations of Effect of Plumbing System in Construction. The efficiency and quality of plumbing depends on the expectations of the home owner, the condition of the pipe work performed and its plumbing activities.
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Moutsoglou, A., and Y. Han. "A study on dental vacuum system losses." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 214, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411001535363.
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An experimental study was conducted to document system head losses for dental vacuum systems. Experiments were performed to estimate pressure losses and pressure loss coefficients for pertinent dental treatment room hoses and fittings in high-volume evacuation systems. Pressure losses for some polyvinyl chloride (PVC) elbows used in dental plumbing systems were also measured and presented. Friction head losses in straight PVC piping are calculated and documented in graphical form. Calculated values for friction losses are found to correlate exceptionally well with measured experimental data.
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Leila Barzegar, Ghader Ghanizadeh, and Davoud Esmaeili. "Comparison of the efficiency of George fisher and metal pipes in water piping system." International Journal of Frontline Research in Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56355/ijfrst.2022.1.1.0003.
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Background and Aim: The health concern caused by the respiration of drinking water aerosols containing opportunistic pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of George Fisher's piping system on controlling Legionella pneumophila growth. Methods: A total of 32 samples with a volume of 1 liter per hot and cold water system of the gallery commercial-office complex and selective hospital were collected. Then, filtration, concentration, and heat treatment were performed and cultured on selected BCYE agar medium Results: The culture results showed that 5.8% of George Fisher samples and 37.5% of metal tubes were positive for Legionella pneumophila. Conclusion: Legionella pneumophila stopper pipes and fittings of George Fisher Company have a good ability to control the growth and density of Legionella pneumophila in the indoor water supply system and can be considered a suitable option for use in plumbing and indoor water supply.
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Lin, Zhen-Yu, Fan-Ru Lin, Juin-Fu Chai, and Kuo-Chun Chang. "Experimental studies of a typical sprinkler piping system in hospitals." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 49, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.49.1.1-12.
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Based on the issue of life safety and immediate needs of emergency medical services provided by hospitals after strong earthquakes, this paper aims to introduce a research programme on assessment and improvement strategies for a typical configuration of sprinkler piping systems in hospitals. The study involved component tests and subsystem tests. Cyclic loading tests were conducted to investigate the inelastic behaviour of components including concrete anchorages, screwed fittings of small-bore pipes and couplings. Parts of a horizontal piping system of a seismic damaged sprinkler piping system were tested using shaking table tests. Furthermore, horizontal piping subsystems with seismic resistant devices such as braces, flexible pipes and couplings were also tested.
The test results showed that the main cause of damage was the poor capacity of a screwed fitting of the small-bore tee branch. The optimum improvement strategy to achieve a higher nonstructural performance level for the horizontal piping subsystem is to strengthen the main pipe with braces and decrease moment demands on the tee branch by the use of flexible pipes. The hysteresis loops and failure modes of components were further discussed and will be used to conduct numerical analysis of sprinkler piping systems in future studies.
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Pawara, M. U., W. Setiawan, R. J. Ikhwani, Alamsyah, A. I. Wulandari, Suardi, A. M. Nugraha A, T. Hidayat, M. I. Ansori, and F. Mahmuddin. "Bilge System Design on 500 GT Ferry for Bulukumba–Selayar Route." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 921, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/921/1/012010.
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Abstract A piping system is the main part of a system that connects the point where the fluid is stored to the point of accessing the pipe. Both pipe strength and pump capacity must be carefully considered because the safety of a ship will depend on the piping arrangement as well as on other ship equipment. The main function of the bilge pipe system is the drainage system in case of flooding in the compartment due to grounding or collision. Another function is the drainage system in the event of leaks on the welding root, condensation on the side shell leaks on the piping system (particularly in the engine room), and discharge water due to water-splash over the hatch. This study aimed to design a bilge piping system design using Autopipe Software with ASME B31.3 standard for the piping process. The design phase of the system is collecting data, then determining the load case. After that, selecting components needed for the construction of the system. The following step, making 3-dimensional modeling on Autopipe by entering input based on the determining components. Finally, validating the model, and proceed with the running model according to the specified load case. The result of the running model is the pipe stress level which is described in the stress code in the Autopipe. The final results are 3-dimensional drawings of the system and the number of components needed for constructing the system under Indonesian Classification Bureau (BKI) rules and ASME B31.3 standards for the piping process.
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Catron, Fred, and Allen Fagerlund. "Noise generation and propagation effects on piping system components." Noise Control Engineering Journal 57, no. 6 (2009): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.3155382.
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Bouneb, Zine El Abidine, and Djamel Eddine Saidouni. "Toward an IoT-Based Software-Defined Plumbing Network System With Fault Tolerance." International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 6, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.285587.
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in this paper we will see the application of computer science algorithms to the plumbing system. We propose a fault tolerant tap water system which is impossible without Internet of things and algorithms . We will show that the problem is a mutual exclusion group problem and we propose an adapted algorithm version from the literature as a solution . Coupling algorithms with the configurable plumbing network we believe that this will open new field of research on IoT we called it software defined plumbing Network where components that have been traditionally implemented in hardware (e.g. water mixers, spring faucets ,flow sensors, etc.) are instead implemented by means of software . This way we can solve other problem like instantaneous hot water,automatic cleaning of the water heater..etc since due to computer algorithms the systems can be easily smart, extensible and adaptive.
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Chang, Seongkyu, Weipeng Sun, Sung Gook Cho, and Dookie Kim. "Vibration Control of Nuclear Power Plant Piping System Using Stockbridge Damper under Earthquakes." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5014093.
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Generally the piping system of a nuclear power plant (NPP) has to be designed for normal loads such as dead weight, internal pressure, temperature, and accidental loads such as earthquake. In the proposed paper, effect of Stockbridge damper to mitigate the response of piping system of NPP subjected to earthquake is studied. Finite element analysis of piping system with and without Stockbridge damper using commercial software SAP2000 is performed. Vertical and horizontal components of earthquakes such as El Centro, California, and Northridge are used in the piping analysis. A sine sweep wave is also used to investigate the control effects on the piping system under wide frequency range. It is found that the proposed Stockbridge damper can reduce the seismic response of piping system subjected to earthquake loading.
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Gomez-Smith, C. Kimloi, David T. Tan, and Danmeng Shuai. "Research highlights: functions of the drinking water microbiome – from treatment to tap." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 2, no. 2 (2016): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ew90007k.
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Ju, Bu Seog, WooYoung Jung, and Myung-Hyun Noh. "Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Piping Fragility due to Earthquake Fault Mechanisms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/525921.
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A lifeline system, serving as an energy-supply system, is an essential component of urban infrastructure. In a hospital, for example, the piping system supplies elements essential for hospital operations, such as water and fire-suppression foam. Such nonstructural components, especially piping systems and their subcomponents, must remain operational and functional during earthquake-induced fires. But the behavior of piping systems as subjected to seismic ground motions is very complex, owing particularly to the nonlinearity affected by the existence of many connections such as T-joints and elbows. The present study carried out a probabilistic risk assessment on a hospital fire-protection piping system’s acceleration-sensitive 2-inch T-joint sprinkler components under seismic ground motions. Specifically, the system’s seismic capacity, using an experimental-test-based nonlinear finite element (FE) model, was evaluated for the probability of failure under different earthquake-fault mechanisms including normal fault, reverse fault, strike-slip fault, and near-source ground motions. It was observed that the probabilistic failure of the T-joint of the fire-protection piping system varied significantly according to the fault mechanisms. The normal-fault mechanism led to a higher probability of system failure at locations 1 and 2. The strike-slip fault mechanism, contrastingly, affected the lowest fragility of the piping system at a higher PGA.
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Tapping, R. L., Y. C. Lu, D. S. Mancey, and Z. H. Walker. "Assessing Long-Term Performance of CANDU® Out-of-Core Materials." AECL Nuclear Review 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/anr.2012.00002.
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As so-called second-generation power reactors are approaching the end of their original design lives, assessments are being made to determine the feasibility and economics of extending plant life. Although components exposed to neutron and gamma irradiation are often those of most concern in terms of in-service ageing and continued fitness for service, ageing of out-of-core components can also limit the possibility of extended service life beyond design life. In CANDU® reactors, life extension decisions occur when the Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes reach end of life, typically after about 25 years of service for the first CANDU-6 units. At the time of pressure tube replacements, the remaining life predictions for several other major components or systems provide the information required to determine life extension feasibility. Several CANDU reactors are currently being refurbished, with others planned, and experience to date shows that the steam generators, heat transport system piping and various balance of plant piping systems are typically those requiring careful assessment to ensure successful refurbishment. In this paper, we discuss AECL R&D that is oriented towards providing the chemistry and materials inputs required to assess current condition and predict future ageing of CANDU reactor out-of-core components and systems, and in particular steam generators (Alloy 800 tubing and carbon steel internals), feeder pipes and related heat transport system piping (carbon steel flow accelerated corrosion, feeder cracking). Systems and components that may impact future life will also be discussed, along with the related R&D, and this includes balance of plant system piping (feedwater piping and buried piping), cables and concrete structures.
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Ju, Bu-Seog, Bub-Gyu Jeon, Sung-Wan Kim, and Ho-Young Son. "Validation of Seismic Performance of Stainless Press-to-Connect Piping System under Cyclic Loadings." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083896.
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Earthquakes with magnitudes over 5.0 occurred near Gyeongju and Pohang in southern Korea in 2016 and 2017, respectively. These earthquakes had both low- and high-frequency components. Due to earthquakes with high-frequency motions, damage to nonstructural systems has been observed to be relatively more than that in structural systems. Consequently, the seismic design or performance evaluation of nonstructural components in critical facilities has emerged as a key research area in Korea. This study presents the results of experimental and numerical analyses using a high-fidelity finite element (FE) simulation in the ABAQUS platform for a press-to-connect piping system as a nonstructural component. Press-to-connect piping systems based on NFPA-13 with two elbows, a flexible coupling, and a T-joint were used. In addition, a cyclic loading protocol was applied using the KBC 2016 and IBC 2015. Based on the component-level experimental test, an FE model of the press-to-connect elbow was developed, and the high-fidelity large-scale piping system with an elbow was validated in this study. In both the experimental and analytical results, no leakage or plastic deformation of the piping system was observed under cyclic loading conditions. The results of the high-fidelity simulation model of the large-scale piping system were identical to those of the experimental test. More specifically, the error of the von-Mises stress at the upper and lower elbows was less than 9%, and the angle between the elbows was less than 2%, corresponding to the limit state of the drift ratio of the building system. Therefore, the high-fidelity simulation model of a large-scale piping system can have high application value. In addition, the design requirements and engineering demands of the piping system, such as the condition of ASME B and PV section III for service level D, were satisfied.
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Ibrahim, Z. N. "Analytical Simulation of Dynamically Equivalent Components." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 108, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264803.
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The inertia concept of modal mass was developed to provide a consistent methodology for establishing an analytically equivalent dynamic model of any discrete section within a complex piping network. The multidegree of freedom system is reduced to several multiple excitation single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems representing its modal masses and modal stiffnesses. The multiple excitation residual mass and residual stiffness matrices were also formulated. The combination of modal mass-modal stiffness SDOF systems and residual mass-residual stiffness matrices can simulate the complete dynamic characteristic of any desired portion of the piping network. This technique was extended to cover substructuring applications, and was proved mathematically to be equivalent to the conventional modal synthesis formulation.
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Umashankar, K. "Adherence to Quality System while Fabricating Piping Components for Power Plants." Indian Welding Journal 27, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v27i3.148250.
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Hwang, Se-Yun, Min-Seok Kim, and Jang-Hyun Lee. "Thermal Stress Analysis of Process Piping System Installed on LNG Vessel Subject to Hull Design Loads." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110926.
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In this paper, the procedure for the strength evaluation of the piping system installed on liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers is discussed. A procedure that accounts for the ship’s wave load and hull motion acceleration (as well as the deformation due to the thermal expansion and contraction experienced by the hull during seafaring operations) is presented. The load due to the temperature and self-weight of the piping installed on the deck is also considered. Various operating and load conditions of the LNG piping system are analyzed. Stress analysis is performed by combining various conditions of sustained, occasional, and expansion loads. Stress is assessed using finite element analysis based on beam elements that represent the behavior of the piping. The attributes of the piping system components (such as valves, expansion joints, and supports) are represented in the finite element model while CAESAR-II, a commercial software is used for finite element analysis. Component modeling, load assignment, and load combinations are presented to evaluate pipe stresses under various load conditions. An evaluation model is selected for the piping arrangement of LNG and the evaluated stress is compared with the allowable stress defined by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
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Park, Jung Goo, Ho Jung Kim, and Jong Hun Woo. "Development of Entering Order and Work-Volume Assignment Algorithms for the Management of Piping Components in Offshore Structure Construction." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110894.
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In the early 2010s, with rising oil prices and increasing purchase orders for offshore structures for deep-sea resource development, the shipyards that took these orders suffered unexpected losses. Unlike the construction of commercial carrier vessels, the construction of offshore structures necessary to develop deep-sea resources is difficult to manage due to the complexity of the outfitting process of the topside structure, which is a plant for gas and oil production and treatment. Piping components in particular, which comprise most of the design items, are difficult to manage because they involve 2 to 3 times the man-hours and up to 10 times the quantity of items compared to commercial carrier vessels. Due to not only high man-hours and quantity but also large fluctuations caused by design changes and long procurement lead times, process delays that result in delayed compensation frequently occurred. In response, Samsung Heavy Industries developed an integrated management system for piping components. This study describes the entering order optimization algorithm and work-volume assignment optimization algorithm, which are the core algorithms of this system. The entering order optimization algorithm determines the optimal installation order considering the procurement status of the piping components and the installation readiness status of the installation work site, through which it determines the entering order of the piping components. The algorithm seeks to accelerate the completion rate of installation of the piping components. Next, to minimize delivery delays of sub-contractors to the shipyard, this study developed a work-volume assignment optimization algorithm that can equalize the load on multiple sub-contractors considering the raw material readiness status and the production capacity of the sub-contractors, in terms of materials that must be ordered from external sub-contractors among the piping components whose entering order was determined. Finally, applying the algorithm developed using actual shipyard data resulted in an accelerated completion rate of installation and improved balance of load in terms of volume assigned to the sub-contractors.
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Tan, Jie, Peng Zhang, Qian Feng, and Gangbing Song. "Passive Seismic Protection of Building Piping Systems — A Review." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 03 (February 27, 2020): 2030001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420300013.
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Piping systems are typical nonstructural components of a building. Previous investigations have reported many cases that earthquake causes damages or failures of piping system, resulting in secondary disasters. Therefore, this paper conducts a survey of the seismic damage of the piping systems of buildings and then reviews the state-of-the-art of the passive seismic protection methods. This paper proposes to classify the building piping system into rigid connected pipes, flexible connected pipes and semi-rigid connected pipes. Typical seismic damages of building pipes are presented following this classification. Then, several current seismic protection methods (including constructional measures, seismic braces, damping techniques and base isolation methods) are discussed regarding the theoretical mechanism and feasibility. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art of the building piping system and the passive protection methods with application prospects are evaluated. Based on the review, the flexible piping systems are most commonly used in existing old buildings and are more vulnerable in earthquakes due to their high flexibility. New buildings prefer the rigid connections which tend to restrain the motion of the pipe. However, the excessive stiffness of the rigid connection may cause overlarge internal stresses in both the connection and the pipe. Semi-rigid piping systems have sufficient overall stiffness and a degree of local deform ability and thus have the best seismic performance. In future studies, more research should be devoted to propose and develop new dampers suitable for piping systems, which will improve the seismic safety of building piping systems.
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Park, Young Jae, Yoon Suk Chang, Jae Boong Choi, and Young Jin Kim. "Alternative Fatigue Evaluation of Nuclear Piping Designed by ANSI B31.1 Code." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1659.
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Class 1 piping components of a certain old vintage nuclear power plant were designed by ANSI B31.1 code without a detailed fatigue evaluation such as the one required by recent ASME Section III code. These components may undergo fatigue damage when considering the continued operation beyond the design life whilst the inherent fatigue resistances of those may satisfy the corresponding implicit limits. In this paper, the alternative fatigue evaluation has been carried out explicitly for Class 1 piping of old nuclear power plant. At first, four representative nuclear piping systems were selected to check the operational adequacy. After characterization of conservative loading conditions based on design features, a series of finite element analyses have been performed and the cumulative usage factors were calculated to guarantee if the components at each system sustain adequate fatigue resistance. Finally, comparisons were drawn between the implicit fatigue design specifications and alternative explicit fatigue analysis results. Even though there were some exceptions, it was demonstrated that most components satisfied the current explicit fatigue criterion.
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Touboul, F., N. Blay, and M. H. Lacire. "Experimental, Analytical, and Regulatory Evaluation of Seismic Behavior of Piping Systems." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883720.
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Based on an experimental program, including both individual components and piping system, CEA has evaluated the margins coming from present design procedures and has developed sound analytical methods that allow for a modelization, in the linear or nonlinear domain. For industrial purposes, simplified methods are proposed that are much less time-consuming than nonlinear time-history calculations, but much more accurate than linear methods. They are devoted to a better evaluation of the global behavior (internal moments in the piping system or reactions in supports, displacements, rotations).
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Koo, Gyeong-Hoi, Sang-Won Ahn, Jong-Keun Hwang, and Jong-Sung Kim. "Shaking Table Tests to Validate Inelastic Seismic Analysis Method Applicable to Nuclear Metal Components." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 9264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199264.
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The main purpose of this study is to perform shaking table tests to validate the inelastic seismic analysis method applicable to pressure-retaining metal components in nuclear power plants (NPPs). To do this, the test mockup was designed and fabricated to be able to describe the hot leg surge line nozzle with a piping system, which is known to be one of the seismically fragile components in nuclear steam supply systems (NSSS). The used input motions are the displacement time histories corresponding to the design floor response spectrum at an elevation of 136 ft in the in-structure building in NPPs. Two earthquake levels are used in this study. One is the design-basis safe shutdown earthquake level (SSE, PGA = 0.3 g) and the other is the beyond-design-basis earthquake level (BDBE, PGA = 0.6 g), which is linearly scaled from the SSE level. To measure the inelastic strain responses, five strain gauges were attached at the expected critical locations in the target nozzle, and three accelerometers were installed at the shaking table and piping system to measure the dynamic responses. From the results of the shaking table tests, it was found that the plastic strain response at the target nozzle and the acceleration response at the piping system were not amplified by as much as two times the input earthquake level because the plastic behavior in the piping system significantly contributed to energy dissipation during the seismic events. To simulate the test results, elastoplastic seismic analyses with the well-known Chaboche kinematic hardening model and the Voce isotropic hardening model for Type 316 stainless steel were carried out, and the results of the principal strain and the acceleration responses were compared with the test results. From the comparison, it was found that the inelastic seismic analysis method can give very reasonable results when the earthquake level is large enough to invoke plastic behavior in nuclear metal components.
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Soroushian, Siavash, Arash E. Zaghi, Manos Maragakis, Alicia Echevarria, Yuan Tian, and Andre Filiatrault. "Analytical Seismic Fragility Analyses of Fire Sprinkler Piping Systems with Threaded Joints." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 2 (May 2015): 1125–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/083112eqs277m.
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For the first time, an analytical modeling methodology is developed for fire sprinkler piping systems and used to generate seismic fragility parameters of these systems. The analytical model accounts for inelastic behavior constituents of the system, including: threaded joints, solid braces, hangers, and restrainers. The model incorporates a newly developed hysteresis model for threaded tee joints that is validated by the experimental results of several tee subassemblies. The modeling technique at the subsystem level is validated by using the experimental results of a sprinkler piping system. The methodology is used to obtain the seismic response of the fire sprinkler piping system of University of California, San Francisco Hospital under a suite of 96 artificially generated triaxial floor acceleration histories. After the component fragility parameters are obtained for the components of the system, three system-level damage states are defined, and a joint probabilistic seismic demand model is utilized to develop system fragility parameters.
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LEE, SUNG-HO, JEONG-KEUN LEE, and JAI-HAK PARK. "FAILURE BEHAVIOR OF ELBOWS WITH LOCAL WALL THINNING." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 11 (May 10, 2008): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908015486.
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Wall thinning defect due to corrosion is one of major aging phenomena in carbon steel pipes in most plant industries, and it results in reducing load carrying capacity of the piping components. A failure test system was set up for real scale elbows containing various simulated wall thinning defects, and monotonic in-plane bending tests were performed under internal pressure to find out the failure behavior of them. The failure behavior of wall-thinned elbows was characterized by the circumferential angle of thinned region and the loading conditions to the piping system.
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Suyuthi, Achmad Imam, Sufiyanto Sufiyanto, and Boe Tong Widada. "Application of hydrant piping system design in boiler plants for fire safety systems in paper producing companies." Jurnal Penelitian 19, no. 1 (August 7, 2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/jp.v19i1.7942.
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As one of the important components, hydrants must be present in the boiler plant, whose function is to extinguish the fire in the event of a fire incident in the area. The working principle of the hydrant system is that when an event of fire occurs, the suction pump will take water from the ground reservoir, later on the water will flow into the pipe leading to the pillar hydrant, and the fire hose will be disconnected from the pillar hydrant to extinguish the burning area. The issue needs to be solved in this research is to design a hydrant piping system in the boiler area of PT Mekabox Internasional that meets the standards used by the industries. The purpose of designing this hydrant piping system is to find out how much flow is in the hydrant if the boiler plant area has an area of 2016 m2, how thick the pipe should be, and how many pillar hydrants are necessary. The scope of the research discussion includes hydrant piping systems, hydrant piping calculations, and standards used in hydrant piping systems. The results of the calculation and data processing of this hydrant system design are; the number of pillar hydrants needed in an area of 2016 m2 is 2 pillar hydrants, the required water discharge is 432 m3 with the assumption that the blackout time is 2 hours, and the pipe diameter required is 6 inches and must have a pipe thickness of 6 mm. The results of the hydrant piping system design on the boiler plant can be applied directly to the company.
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Knedlová, Jana, Ondřej Bílek, David Sámek, and Petr Chalupa. "Materials, Construction and Manufacture of the Vehicle for Inspection of Piping Systems." Materials Science Forum 919 (April 2018): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.919.428.
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The article focuses on the design, construction and manufacture of an inspection vehicle intended to access difficult-to-reach places. The vehicle is able to monitor piping system failures at the view angle of 180° in deep depths and adverse environments. The individual components of the inspection vehicle, more detailed their programming and production on CNC machines are discussed. The vehicle is supposed to easily run into the piping systems and can be safely pulled out. A control system was created for motion and video signal transmission to the operator from above the ground. Aluminum alloy (EN AW 2024) is the predominant material of the manufactured components and at the same time has ideal processing and operating properties. Proposed inspection vehicle is a robust and functional solution with minimal maintenance.
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Dzianik, František, and Štefan Gužela. "Hydrodynamic Properties of High Temperature Natural Circulating Helium Cooling Loop." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2017-0003.
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Abstract The paper deals with the hydrodynamic properties, i.e. the consumption of mechanical energy expressed by pressure drops within a helium loop intended for the testing of decay heat removal (DHR) from the model of a gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR). The system is characterised by the natural circulation of helium, as a coolant, and assume steady operating conditions of circulation. The helium loop consists of four main components: model of gas-cooled fast reactor, model of the heat exchanger for decay heat removal, hot piping branch and cold piping branch. Using the process hydrodynamic calculations, the pressure drops of circulating helium within the main components of the helium loop were determined. The calculations have been done for several defined operating conditions which correspond to the different helium flow rates within the system.
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Kołowrocki, Krzysztof. "Modeling Reliability of Critical Infrastructures with Application to Port Oil Transportation System." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1565.
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A new approach to reliability investigations of multistate complex systems with dependent components at variable operation conditions called critical infrastructures is proposed. The multi-state reliability function of the critical infrastructure system is defined and determined for an exemplarymout oflcritical infrastructure. In the developed model, it is assumed that the system components have the multistate exponential reliability functions with dependent departures rates from the subsets of the reliability states. The model is adopted to reliability prediction of an oil piping transportation system operating at maritime port.
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Lazzeri, Luciano. "On the Nonlinear Response of Piping to Seismic Loads." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 3 (February 28, 2001): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1376124.
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The response of a piping system to extreme seismic conditions may be controlled and limited by yielding of the structure. The effect of yielding has been found to be decisive for individual components, but for complex systems, the effect of yielding may be either important or negligible, depending on the specific geometry. Analytical and experimental tests are reviewed. The L test is devised to give an indication of the response characteristics of the system. It has been found that a parameter related to the frequency shift is capable of reasonably predicting the effect of yielding.
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Soszyńska-Budny, Joanna. "Optimizing Reliability of Critical Infrastructures with Application to Port Oil Piping Transportation System." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1571.
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A new approach to reliability optimization of multistate complex systems with dependent components at variable operation conditions called critical infrastructures is proposed. The reliability function of the critical infrastructure system is introduced and optimized. Further, the procedure of the critical infrastructure reliability optimization using the linear programming method is proposed and adopted to reliability optimization of an oil piping transportation system operating at maritime port.
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Kołowrocki, Krzysztof, Ewa Kuligowska, and Joanna Soszyńska-Budny. "Integrated model of port oil piping transportation system safety including operating environment threats." Journal of KONBiN 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0022.
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Abstract The paper presents an integrated general model of complex technical system, linking its multistate safety model and the model of its operation process including operating environment threats and considering variable at different operation states its safety structures and its components safety parameters. Under the assumption that the system has exponential safety function, the safety characteristics of the port oil piping transportation system are determined.
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Cohn, M. J. "Remaining Life of High-Energy Piping Systems Using Equivalent Stress." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 112, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928623.
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Fossil power plant high-energy piping systems operated at high temperatures are subject to creep damage, which is a time-dependent phenomenon. Traditional guidelines, such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31.1 Power Piping Code, were developed for plants having design lives in the 25–30 yr regime. Since many of these systems are being operated beyond 200,000 hr, it is important to reconsider the methodology of creep damage analysis to assure reliable long-term operation. Seven high-energy piping systems were evaluated in this study. The analysis of a minimum piping system life due to creep considered two approaches. The first approach used the traditional ASME B31.1 flexibility analysis guidelines. The second approach considered more detailed multiaxial stress state types of evaluations. The various equivalent stress methods used all six load components from the flexibility analysis. In nearly every case, the equivalent stress methods predicted significantly higher stresses. Consequently, the equivalent stress methodology results in 14 to 97 percent lower time to rupture values as compared to the values predicted using ASME B31.1 stresses.
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Salazar-Rúa, Robinson Stevens, Johan Darío Caicedo-Reyes, and Jovani Alberto Jiménez-Builes. "Decision making by using a computer algorithm to analyze hydrocarbon production systems." Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, no. 40 (July 1, 2016): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n40.56225.
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This paper shows an algorithm that allows to automate the procedures of nodal analysis and flow optimization in a hydrocarbon production system. The procedure of nodal analysis is highly useful in flow wells, intermittent wells or in wells with artificial production systems. The nodal analysis evaluates a production system divided into two basic components: flow through vertical piping or production piping, and flow through horizontal piping or discharge line. For the prediction of each component's behavior, the pressure drop in each component is obtained. In order to obtain the pressure drops, nodes in different important points within the production system must be assigned; therefore, production expenses can vary and, by using a suitable calculation method, the pressure drop between two nodes is calculated. Then, a node is selected and the pressure drops are added to or subtracted from the initial pressure point or departure node, until obtaining the solution node. The results obtained when using the algorithm have allowed to update both procedures, obtaining advantages such as improvement in response time, among others. This analysis is a crucial point when making decisions related to production costs in any oil company.
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Wiggert, D. C., F. J. Hatfield, and S. Stuckenbruck. "Analysis of Liquid and Structural Transients in Piping by the Method of Characteristics." Journal of Fluids Engineering 109, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242638.
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Since liquid-filled piping systems are composed of slender elements, their transient behavior can be described as one-dimensional wave phenomena. Seven wave components are identified: coupled axial compression of liquid and pipe material; coupled transverse shear and bending of the pipe elements in two principal directions; and torsion of the pipe wall. Utilizing the method of characteristics, the combined system of difference equations for pipe elements and the pipe junction boundary conditions comprise a general mathematical tool for predicting the liquid pressure and pipe stress responses to transient excitation of either liquid or piping. The complexity of fluid-structure interaction that can take place is demonstrated.
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Tokar, Danut, Paul Frasie, and Adriana Tokar. "Leaks, Pipe Breaks, and Preventive Maintenance." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022078.
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Abstract A better understanding of leak related effects has implications for pipe rehabilitation, system economics, customer disruption, and environmental sustainability. Reducing leakage be a result of a well-suited preventive maintenance program. The purpose of this study is to inspect approximately 10% of the runouts (branch pipes) between the plumbing fixtures and the risers to estimate the extent of serious corrosion of the runouts that may cause leaks in the future. For collecting the site data for our study, we visited the building and investigated piping through 57 different access openings in 31 randomly selected apartments. These apartments were selected to allow observation of a variety of risers at varying elevations. We observed in about 20% of the runouts inspected, the remaining thickness of the steel pipe was less than 60% in the areas that we could access. The runouts are in danger of developing leaks. Because of the high potential cost of leaks and the possibility of that 20%, or 120 pipes, could leak soon, recommend replacement of all the runouts. System performance can only be reliably characterized through monitoring and analysis of relevant data. Performance monitoring is concerned with measuring system efficiency and to what extent the system is delivering the parameters what it was designed for (i.e., flow, pressure, energy, water quality, etc.).
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Ganapathy, S., and B. Schmult. "Design of a real-time inspection system for NDE of reactor vessels and piping components." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(85)90032-8.
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Sukharev, Mikhail. "Fluid Mixing Nonequilibrium Processes in Industrial Piping Flows." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 6364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236364.
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The flow of a multicomponent fluid through a pipeline system of arbitrary configuration is considered. The problem consists in determining the component composition of the fluid for each pipeline of the system based on the values of the concentration of the components throughout the entire set of measuring points, provided that there are no phase transitions. To solve the problem, mathematical models have been developed that, in principle, are suitable for pipeline systems of various functional purposes, the presentation is concretized and carried out in relation to gas transmission systems. The models are stochastic in nature due to measurement errors, which are considered random variables. The solution of the problem is reduced to the optimization of a quadratic function with constraints in the form of equalities and inequalities. The considered mixing processes do not depend on the regime parameters of the fluid flow. The processes are irreversible and non-equilibrium. A criterion is introduced that characterizes the degree of closeness of a multicomponent mixture to an equilibrium state. The criterion is analogous to entropy in thermodynamic processes. A numerical example of calculating the distribution of a three-component mixture is given. The example illustrates the feasibility of the proposed computational procedures and gives an idea of the distribution of the component composition and the change in «entropy» along the directions of pumping of the gas supply system.
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Serang, Rudi. "Analysis of Clean Water Distribution System in Nuruwe Village, West Kairatu District, Seram West Regency using Epanet Software 2.0." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 10, no. 1 (2023): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.101.19.
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Water is one of the natural elements that more or less influences every important role in the life of humans and other creatures in this nature which is a basic need for humans so that it becomes the main thing if the clean water sector gets priority in handling and fulfilling it. Water demand is the amount of water needed for household, industrial and other needs. Population Projection is a scientific calculation of population in the future based on assumptions about the components of population growth at a certain level, the results of which will show the characteristics of the population, births, deaths and migration. EPANET is a computer program that provides hydraulic simulations and trends in the quality of water flowing in pipelines. The network itself consists of Pipes, The method of data collection and analysis used in this study was to conduct a survey at the research location to review and see directly the conditions of the research location, then create a piping system that is suitable for the research location, after that calculate the projected population and clean water distribution system in Nuruwe village by using the Epanet 2.0 Software to analyze the feasibility of the piping system based on the number of residents and water needs it can be concluded that the clean water requirement needed by the residents of Nuruwe Village is 2.44 liters/second, with this amount of water demand, a network system distribution model is made piping using Epanet 2.0 software, and the results obtained are Run Successful, which means the distribution of the piping system runs 100%.
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Ryu, Kyung Ha, Na Young Lee, and Il Soon Hwang. "A Study on the Equipotent Switching Direct Current Potential Drop Method for the Monitoring of Piping Thinning." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1331.
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Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) has become a hot issue because of aging of passive components. Ultrasonic Technique (UT) has been adopted to inspect the secondary piping. UT, however, covers only narrow region, which results in numerous detecting points and thus takes time. In this paper, we suggested a Wide Range Monitoring (WiRM) concept with Equipotent Switching Direct Current Potential Drop (S-DCPD) method to monitor the thickness of piping. Since the DCPD method covers area, not a point, it needs less monitoring points. We use the SDCPD method to screen the candidate area to monitor. Based on the monitoring results, we can determine the inspection area. To improve the applicability to the piping system, we suggested the Equipotent concept, which eliminates the leakage current. Finite element analysis results and developed resistance model are presented for the simple analysis to describe the wall thinning by DCPD signals. And also validation test results are presented, from which we can identify the consistency of the model and the experiment.
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Tan, Jie, Jinwei Jiang, Min Liu, Qian Feng, Peng Zhang, and Siu Ho. "Implementation of Shape Memory Alloy Sponge as Energy Dissipating Material on Pounding Tuned Mass Damper: An Experimental Investigation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061079.
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Piping systems are important nonstructural components of most types of buildings. Damage to piping systems can lead to significant economic losses, casualties, and interruption of function. A survey of earthquake disaster sites shows that suspended piping systems are flexible and thus prone to large deformation, which can lead to serious damage of the piping systems. The single-sided pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD), which is an emerging vibration suppression tool, has the potential to serve as a cost effective and non-invasive solution for the mitigation of vibration in suspended piping systems. The operating frequency of the single-sided PTMD can be tuned similarly to a tuned mass damper (TMD). The single-side PTMD also possesses high energy dissipation characteristics and has demonstrated outstanding performance in vibration control. One of the key factors affecting the performance of the PTMD is the damping material, and there is a constant search for the ideal type of material that can increase the performance of the PTMD. This paper explores the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) sponge as the damping material for two types (spring steel and pendulum types) of PTMDs to mitigate the vibration of a suspended piping system. The PTMDs are tested both in free vibration and in forced vibration. The results are compared with no control, with a TMD control, and with a viscoelastic (VE) material PTMD control. The results show that in free vibration tests, SMA–PTMDs attenuate the displacement of the piping system significantly. The time to mitigate vibration (i.e., reduce 90% of the vibration amplitude) is reduced to 6% (for spring steel type) and 11% (for pendulum type) of the time taken to mitigate vibration without control. In forced vibration tests, the overall magnitudes of the frequency response are also lowered to 38% (spring steel) and 44% (pendulum) compared to vibration without control. The results indicate that SMA has the potential to be a promising energy dissipating material for PTMDs.
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Washburn, Shannon E., and Randolph H. Stewart. "A plumber’s guide to the cardiovascular system." Advances in Physiology Education 44, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00104.2019.
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Blood flow through the cardiovascular system is governed by the same physical rules that govern the flow of water through domestic plumbing. Using this analogy in a teaching laboratory, a model of the cardiovascular system constructed of pumps and pipes was used to demonstrate the basic interactions of pressure, flow, and resistance in a regulated system, with student volunteers providing the operational actions and regulatory components. The model was used to validate predictions and explore solutions prompted by student discussion. This interactive teaching laboratory provides an engaging experiential exercise that demonstrates regulation of flow and pressure in an intact cardiovascular system with apposite changes in heart rate and resistance. In addition, the system provides strong clinical correlates and illustrates how that regulated system responds to challenges such as heart failure, inappropriate vasodilation, and hemorrhage. The results demonstrate that, with limited practice, the instructor can effectively guide the students to reliably reproduce physiologically appropriate results.
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Lee, Sang Min, Yoon Suk Chang, Jae Boong Choi, and Young Jin Kim. "Structural Integrity Assessment of Major Nuclear Components Using Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.339.
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The integrity of major components in nuclear power plant should be maintained during operation. In order to maintain the integrity of these components, complicated assessment procedures are required including fracture mechanics analysis, etc. The integrity assessment of components has been performed by using conventional deterministic approaches whilst there are lots of uncertainties to carry out a rational evaluation. In this respect, probabilistic integrity assessment is considered as an alternative method for nuclear component evaluation. The objectives of this paper are to develop an integrity assessment system based on probabilistic fracture mechanics and to estimate the failure probability of major nuclear components containing a defect. The integrity assessment system consists of three evaluation modules which are first order reliability method, second order reliability method and crude Monte Carlo simulation method. The developed system has been applied to evaluate failure probabilities of nuclear structural components such as steam generator tube and piping. The evaluation results showed a promising applicability of the probabilistic integrity assessment system.
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Diao, Pei-Huang, and Naai-Jung Shih. "BIM-Based AR Maintenance System (BARMS) as an Intelligent Instruction Platform for Complex Plumbing Facilities." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081592.
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The traditional architectural design of facilities requires that maintenance workers refer between plumbing layout drawings and the actual facilities in complex, hidden, sealed in-wall, or low illumination environments. The purpose of a Building information modeling-based Augmented Reality Maintenance System (BARMS) in this study was to provide a smartphone-based platform and a new application scenario for cooling tower and pipe shutdown protocol in a real-world old campus building. An intelligent instruction framework was built considering subject, path, and actions. Challenges and solutions were created to monitor the subject and maintenance protocol while moving from inside to outside, between bright and dark environments, and when crossing building enclosures at roof level. Animated instruction using AR was interactive and followed the knowledge and management protocols of associated instruction aids. The results demonstrated a straightforward mapping of in-wall pipes and their connected valves, with practical auxiliary components of walking direction and path guidance. The suggested maintenance routes also ensured a worker’s safety. Statistical analysis showed a positive user response.
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Dzianik, František, Štefan Gužela, and Eva Puškášová. "Thermal Characteristics of High Temperature Naturally Circulating Helium Cooling Loop." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0001.
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Abstract The paper deals with the process properties in terms of the heat transfer, i.e. the thermal performance of the thermal-process units within a helium loop intended for the testing of the decay heat removal (DHR) from the model of the gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR). The system is characterised by a natural circulation of helium, as a coolant, and assume the steady operating conditions of the circulation. The helium loop consists of four main components: the model of the gas-cooled fast reactor, the model of the heat exchanger for the decay heat removal, hot piping branch and cold piping branch. Using the thermal calculations, the thermal performance of the heat exchanger model and the thermal performance of the gas-cooled fast reactor model are determined. The calculations have been done for several defined operating conditions which correspond to the different helium flow rates within the system.
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Ioris, Marcelo Dalmédico, and Enedir Ghisi. "Saving cold drinking water in residential hot water distribution systems." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 24 (December 4, 2020): e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117062659.
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In homes that have instantaneous gas heaters to heat water, cold water is wasted in the first seconds of using hot water fixtures. This waste is caused due to the large lengths of piping between the hot water fixtures and the heater that feeds them. The water in such pipes suffers thermal losses over time. When turning on the fixtures, this drinking water, because it is cold, is rejected by users, especially when using showers. This work deals with the conformation of a system that avoids wasting water in residential hot water services. To establish this conformation, a usual plumbing design was analysed to verify the changes proposed in order to optimise the operation of the system. The gas-heated hot water pipes are currently installed so that the pipes start at the heater and run through the entire house to the hot water fixtures furthest from the heater. It was found that the waste of water in a water fixture decreases if there is the consumption of hot water previously in one of the water fixtures of the house. To avoid this waste, according to the configuration of the current plumbing systems, it is necessary to install an additional set of electronic equipment that automatically redirects the cold water − that would be wasted − to a water tank for later use. The system proposed is composed of a solenoid valve located at the end of the hot water pipe. This valve has the function of letting flow to the water tank the approximate amount of cold water that would be wasted. Through a radio frequency signal sent when a button located near the hot water fixtures is pressed, the system recognises which water fixture was turned on and the approximate amount of cold water that must be released through the valve until the arrival of hot water from the heater. Then, there must be a pipe that collects the water that flows through the solenoid valve. Such pipe will be connected to a vertical pipe, responsible for collecting water from all flats and directing the water to the water tank. The installation of the system is based on the recommendations of the standards used in Brazil and the most frequent configuration found in homes. This work also serves as a guide for installing the system in homes other than the example shown herein.
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Tsukimori, Kazuyuki. "Theoretical Modeling of Creep Behavior of Bellows and Some Applications." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 2 (August 3, 2000): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1320817.
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The use of bellows expansion joints is an effective method to rationalize various piping systems in industry. In the structural design, the requirements for preventing failures such as ratcheting, fatigue, and buckling should be satisfied. The mechanisms of some failure modes of bellows are different from those of vessels and piping components, which makes it difficult to estimate the behaviors. In the case of high-temperature operation, creep behavior of bellows should be considered. In this paper, a simplified theoretical modeling of creep behavior of bellows is presented. The formulation is developed by using Norton’s law for creep property of bellows material and assuming meridional bending stress is dominant. According to this modeling, bellows convolution dimensions are considered directly. The excessive creep deformation problem of bellows under internal pressure and the elastic follow-up behavior problem of a piping system with bellows expansion joints are examined as the applications of this modeling. The results are compared with detailed analysis results by FEM, and the applicability and the validity of this modeling is discussed.
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PANDA, ANTON, LUKAS ANDROVIC, and IVETA PANDOVA. "THE USE OF SEALANTS AS ONE OF THE METHODS OF REPAIRING LEAKS AND DAMAGED PIPE CLOSURES DURING OPERATION." MM Science Journal 2022, no. 4 (November 16, 2022): 5984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2022_11_2022049.
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Piping systems are exposed to many negative effects during their operation, which often cause the occurrence and development of various erroneous states that significantly affect the safety and the economy of other operations. Therefore, it is important to test the implementation effectivity of technologies that could be suitable to be used to repair these pipes or their components without system operation shutdown as presented in this article.
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Syafiqah Ruqaiyah Saiful Azam, Nofrizalidris Darlis, Norrizal Mustaffa, Mohamad Amirur Rahman Azahar, Amirul Syafiq Bin Sadun, Omar Abu Hassan, Ishkrizat Taib, Khairul Nizam Mustaffa, and Muhamad Mohshein Hashim. "CFD Analysis of the Effect of Heat Distribution on Different Heating Pad Piping Arrangements for Flexitank Application." CFD Letters 15, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.15.2.115.
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Variations in piping arrangements of heating pad for flexitank applications causes a difference in the time required to completely liquidise the liquid during the discharging process. As reference, a conventional heating pad took about 48 hours to heat up the flexitank. There are many commercials heating pad used in flexitank applications to facilitate the discharging process of liquid. However, there are still uncertainty or limitation reference regarding the heating pad for flexitank application. One of the solutions to minimize the time taken for discharging process is identify the finest piping arrangement of heating pad. Based on the previous study, piping arrangement plays an important role for performance of the heating pad heat distribution. Thus, this paper aims to study the thermal behaviour of different heating pad arrangement for flexitank application with references to commercial arrangement of floor heating pad based on various inlet pressure using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software. This study was done by comparing thermal analysis of three piping arrangement which is conventional arrangement, Serpentine arrangement, and Spiral arrangement. The geometry of heating pad was created using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software, SolidWorks. The results have discussed some important components parameter that must be controlled for the system to function efficiently. These parameters include pressure distribution within the pipes, temperature distribution along the pipes, and piping arrangement patterns. The simulation results show that the Counterflow arrangement has a uniform temperature distribution between the inlet and outlet. The study concluded that counterflow arrangement generally the best arrangement among these three since the configuration allowing less pressure losses and better thermal distribution on flexitank and heating pad. This study is therefore useful for designers to explore more adequately the benefits of underfloor heating system on many applications.
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Maess, Matthias K., and Lothar Gaul. "Simulation of Structural Deformations of Flexible Piping Systems by Acoustic Excitation." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 3 (October 2, 2006): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2748819.
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Valve actuation and pump fluctuation in piping systems generate propagating sound waves in the fluid path which in turn can lead to undesired excitation of structural components. This vibro-acoustic problem is addressed by studying the propagation dynamics as well as the excitation mechanism. Fluid-structure interaction has a significant influence on both hydroacoustics and on structural deformation. Therefore, pipe models are generated in three dimensions by using finite elements in order to include higher-order deflection modes and fluid modes. The acoustic wave equation in the fluid is hereby fully coupled to the structural domain at the fluid-structure interface. These models are used for simulating transient response and for performing numerical modal analysis. Unfortunately, such 3D models are large and simulation runs turn out to be very time consuming. To overcome this limitation, reduced pipe models are needed for efficient simulations. The proposed model reduction is based on a series of modal transformations and modal truncations, where focus is placed on the treatment of the nonsymmetric system matrices due to the coupling. Afterwards, dominant modes are selected based on controllability and observability considerations. Furthermore, modal controllabilities are used to quantify the excitation of vibration modes by a white noise acoustic source at the pipe inlet. The excitation of structural elements connected to the piping system can therefore be predicted without performing transient simulations. Numerical results are presented for a piping system consisting of straight pipe segments, an elbow pipe, joints, and a target structure. This example illustrates the usefulness of the presented method for vibro-acoustic investigations of more complex piping systems.
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Ku, Garam, Songjune Lee, Cheolung Cheong, Woong Kang, and Kuksu Kim. "Development of High-Fidelity Numerical Methodology Based on Wavenumber-Frequency Transform for Quantifying Internal Aerodynamic Noise in Critical Nozzle." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 19, 2019): 2885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142885.
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In industrial fields dealing with high-temperature and high-pressure gas such as chemical, petrochemical, and offshore oil production plants, piping systems with valves are frequently used to protect the relevant system and equipment from being damaged by such gases. However, excessive noise is sometimes generated by the valve flow in the piping system, causing so-called acoustic induced vibration in the pipe wall. Therefore, it is of great importance to design the related system to avoid this phenomenon. In this study, a high-fidelity numerical procedure is proposed to assess the acoustic power generated by pressure relief devices in a pipe. The method consists of three sequential steps: high accuracy large eddy simulation, wavenumber-frequency transform, and duct acoustic theory. The critical nozzle is selected as a target system since it is commonly used as a flowmeter and thus there are a lot of relevant data for comparison. First, the steady Reynold-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver is used to predict the flow rate of the two-dimensional axisymmetric critical nozzles, and its validity is confirmed by comparing the predicted results with the measured ones. There is good agreement between the two results. Then, a high accuracy Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique is performed on the three-dimensional critical nozzle, and the steady-state RANS result is used as the initial condition to accelerate the convergence of the unsteady simulation. The validity of the unsteady LES results is also confirmed by comparing them with measured surface pressure data. The wavenumber-frequency transform is taken on the LES results, and the compressible surface pressure components matching the acoustical duct modes are identified in the wavenumber-frequency pressure diagram. The inverse wavenumber-frequency transform taken on the compressible pressure components leads to the acoustic power spectrum. These results reveal that the current numerical procedure can be used to more accurately predict the acoustic power generated by pressure relief device in the piping system.
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Yablon, Brian R., Raymund Dantes, Victoria Tsai, Rachel Lim, Heather Moulton-Meissner, Matthew Arduino, Bette Jensen, et al. "Outbreak ofPantoea agglomeransBloodstream Infections at an Oncology Clinic—Illinois, 2012-2013." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 3 (December 6, 2016): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.265.
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OBJECTIVETo determine the source of a healthcare-associated outbreak ofPantoea agglomeransbloodstream infections.DESIGNEpidemiologic investigation of the outbreak.SETTINGOncology clinic (clinic A).METHODSCases were defined asPantoeaisolation from blood or catheter tip cultures of clinic A patients during July 2012–May 2013. Clinic A medical charts and laboratory records were reviewed; infection prevention practices and the facility’s water system were evaluated. Environmental samples were collected for culture. Clinical and environmentalP. agglomeransisolates were compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.RESULTSTwelve cases were identified; median (range) age was 65 (41–78) years. All patients had malignant tumors and had received infusions at clinic A. Deficiencies in parenteral medication preparation and handling were identified (eg, placing infusates near sinks with potential for splash-back contamination). Facility inspection revealed substantial dead-end water piping and inadequate chlorine residual in tap water from multiple sinks, including the pharmacy clean room sink.P. agglomeranswas isolated from composite surface swabs of 7 sinks and an ice machine; the pharmacy clean room sink isolate was indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis from 7 of 9 available patient isolates.CONCLUSIONSExposure of locally prepared infusates to a contaminated pharmacy sink caused the outbreak. Improvements in parenteral medication preparation, including moving chemotherapy preparation offsite, along with terminal sink cleaning and water system remediation ended the outbreak. Greater awareness of recommended medication preparation and handling practices as well as further efforts to better define the contribution of contaminated sinks and plumbing deficiencies to healthcare-associated infections are needed.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:314–319