Academic literature on the topic 'Pistachio – Diseases'

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Journal articles on the topic "Pistachio – Diseases"

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Nouri, Mohamed T., Daniel P. Lawrence, Leslie A. Holland, David A. Doll, Craig E. Kallsen, Catherine M. Culumber, and Florent P. Trouillas. "Identification and Pathogenicity of Fungal Species Associated with Canker Diseases of Pistachio in California." Plant Disease 103, no. 9 (September 2019): 2397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1717-re.

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A survey was conducted during 2015 and 2016 in pistachio orchards throughout the San Joaquin Valley of California to investigate the occurrence of canker diseases and identify the pathogens involved. Cankers and dieback symptoms were observed mainly in orchards aged >15 years. Symptoms of canker diseases included brown to dark brown discoloration of vascular tissues, wood necrosis, and branch dieback. In total, 58 fungal isolates were obtained from cankers and identified based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-tubulin, calmodulin, actin 1, and translation elongation factor 1α) representing 11 fungal species: Colletotrichum karstii, Cytospora californica, Cytospora joaquinensis, Cytospora parapistaciae, Cytospora pistaciae, Diaporthe ambigua, Didymella glomerata, Diplodia mutila, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, Phaeoacremonium canadense, and Schizophyllum commune. Pathogenicity tests conducted in the main pistachio cultivars Kerman, Golden Hills, and Lost Hills using the mycelium-plug method indicated that all fungal species were pathogenic to Pistacia vera. All species tested caused cankers in pistachio branches, although virulence among species varied from high to moderate. Overall, N. mediterraneum and Cytospora spp. were the most widespread and virulent species associated with canker diseases of pistachio in California.
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Crespo, Maria, Daniel P. Lawrence, Mohamed T. Nouri, David A. Doll, and Florent P. Trouillas. "Characterization of Fusarium and Neocosmospora Species Associated With Crown Rot and Stem Canker of Pistachio Rootstocks in California." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (August 2019): 1931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-18-2012-re.

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California produces 99.1% of pistachios grown in the United States, and diseases affecting pistachio rootstocks represent a constant challenge to the industry. Field surveys of fungi associated with pistachio rootstocks with symptoms of crown rot and stem canker in three central California counties followed by phylogenetic analyses of translation elongation factor 1-α and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene fragments identified three Fusarium species (Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium proliferatum) and two Neocosmospora species (Neocosmospora falciformis and Neocosmospora solani). F. oxysporum and N. falciformis were the fungal species most frequently recovered from symptomatic pistachio trees. Inoculations of detached twigs of cultivar Kerman pistachio Pioneer Gold I and clonal University of California, Berkeley I (UCBI) rootstocks showed that all five species could colonize pistachio wood and cause vascular discolorations. Pathogenicity tests in potted pistachio trees completed Koch’s postulates and confirmed that F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, N. falciformis, and N. solani were capable of producing rot and discoloration in stems of clonal UCBI rootstocks, the most widely planted pistachio rootstock in California. To our knowledge, this study is the first to present insights into the biodiversity and biology of Fusarium and Neocosmospora species associated with pistachio trees in California.
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Chitzanidis, A. "PISTACHIO DISEASES IN GREECE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 419 (December 1995): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.419.57.

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Michailides, T. J., D. P. Morgan, D. Felts, and J. Phillimore. "First Report of Botryosphaeria rhodina Causing Shoot Blight of Pistachio in California." Plant Disease 86, no. 11 (November 2002): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.11.1273c.

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In the summers of 2000 and 2001, shoot blight was observed in pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) grown in Kern County, California. Black, necrotic lesions developed at the base of shoots originating from contaminated or partially infected buds. Infection moved upward resulting in a progressive wilting and blighting of leaves. Leaf blades on infected shoots withered, and petioles became necrotic. Symptoms have been considered characteristic of infection by Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.:Fr.) Ces. & de Not., but this pathogen causes panicle and shoot blight of pistachio (1). However, there were no symptoms of any fruit panicle infections on trees we observed. Isolations on acidified potato dextrose agar from the base of blighted shoots in both years revealed a fast-growing fungus producing pycnidia which was identified as the anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. of B. rhodina Berk. & Curt. Arx. Identification of the pathogen was based on characteristic dark brown, oval pycnidiospores with striations on the surface of the spore along the long axis. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 12 Kerman pistachio trees grown at Kearney Agricultural Center, in Parlier, CA, using three isolates recovered from pistachios grown in two locations. Six to 16 current season shoots of pistachio trees (1 to 2 shoots per tree) were wounded with a 5-mm-diameter cork borer, and a mycelial plug of 5-day-old cultures of B. rhodina was inserted in each wound. Shoots were wrapped with Parafilm to prevent desiccation of inoculum. Six other shoots (one per tree) were inoculated similarly with mycelial agar plugs of a pistachio isolate of B. dothidea and served as positive controls, while six similar shoots were inoculated with only agar plugs and served as negative controls. Wilting of lower leaves in the majority of inoculated shoots started within 4 days for B. rhodina and 7 days for B. dothidea. Depending on the isolate of B. rhodina, 1 to 5 shoots and 50 to 80% of leaves were blighted within 7 days after inoculation. All inoculated shoots were left on the trees until 3 to 4 months after inoculation, pruned and assessed again. For inoculations done in September 2001, 33 to 71% of shoots were blighted, and the rest had cankers ranging from 22.5 to 28 mm long and 13.5 to 23.5 mm wide. A majority (67 to 100%) of shoots had pycnidia of the pathogen present. For inoculations done in October 2001, none of the shoots was blighted, but cankers ranged from 5 to 55.4 mm long and 6 to 22 mm wide and 33.3 to 100% developed pycnidia. B. rhodina was isolated from all inoculated shoots but not from negative controls or those inoculated with B. dothidea. Inoculations of shoots with B. dothidea produced similar symptoms as those of B. rhodina. Shoots that served as negative controls did not develop symptoms. Because panicle and shoot blight of pistachio caused by B. dothidea has developed to epidemic levels in commercial pistachio orchards and is of concern to the pistachio industry in California, it would be of interest to monitor how much shoot blight caused by B. rhodina would eventually develop over the years in commercial pistachio orchards. A survey was initiated in 2002 to determine how widespread B. rhodina is in California pistachios. To our knowledge, this is the first report worldwide of B. rhodina causing shoot blight of pistachio. Reference: (1) T. Michailides. Panicle and shoot blight. Page 68 in: Compendium of Nut Crop Diseases in Temperate Zones. B. L. Teviotdale, T. J. Michailides, and J. W. Pscheidt, eds. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN 2002.
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Dufoo-Hurtado, Elisa, Ivan Luzardo, Abraham Wall-Medrano, Guadalupe Loarca-Pina, and Rocio Campos-Vega. "Bioaccessibility and Synthesis of Chronobiotics During In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) to Mitigate Diseases Linked to Chronodisruption." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab044_012.

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Abstract Objectives This research aimed to evaluate the in vitro chronobiotic potential of Phyto-melatonin (PTM) during gastrointestinal digestion, its fermentative behavior (phenolic acids and other compounds), and potential production of chronobiotics (short-chain fatty acids or SCFAs production). Methods The chemical and nutraceutical composition of dry roasted and salted pistachios with seed coat (SC) (PN + SC) and without (PN) was evaluated. Both samples were digested under static in vitro simulated physiological conditions comprising oral, gastric, intestinal, and colonic stages. The PTM bioaccessibility during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation simulation was quantified. The identification and quantification of SCFAs and other colonic metabolites were conducted using SPME-GC-MS, followed by an untargeted metabolomic analysis. Results PN + SC had significantly (p < 0.05) lower lipids (−7.9) and protein (−1.1), but higher carbohydrate (+8.4) and total dietary fiber (+4.8) content (g/100g) than PN. PN + SC had highest content of total phenols (+42%), total flavonoids (+54%), and PMT (+21%) (p < 0.05) compared to PN. The bioaccessibility was low for both pistachio samples [Oral: 1.92 and 3.41%, PN + SC and PN; gastric: 0.83 and 1.63%; intestinal [60 min]: 1.79 and 2.55; colonic [6 h]: 0.32 and 0.36%). Chemo-informatics and an in silico analysis of PTM suggest that it was absorbed when chewed by the participants. The highest SCFAs were produced at 12 h during in vitro colonic fermentation for both pistachio samples, where PN + SC displayed the highest (p < 0.05) value (51 mmol/L), followed by PN (25.9 mmol/L). SCFAs, derived from bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers, can act as chronobiotics in peripheral clocks. The SCFAs molar ratio remained almost constant for both pistachio samples: butyric > propionic > acetic. Some metabolites with chronobiotic potential (e.g., indole, benzaldehyde, phenolic acids, and aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons) were detected, sample-dependent, through the untargeted metabolomics. Conclusions Pistachio's digestion increases the bioaccessibility of PTM and the biosynthesis of colonic metabolites (SCFAs, among others), all with chronobiotic potential to mitigate diseases linked to chronodisruption. Funding Sources The funding received by CONACyT/FOPES is appreciated.
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Guldur, M. E., M. Dikilitas, and B. E. Ak. "PISTACHIO DISEASES IN THE SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIAN REGION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 912 (November 2011): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.912.110.

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Moral, Juan, David Morgan, Antonio Trapero, and Themis J. Michailides. "Ecology and Epidemiology of Diseases of Nut Crops and Olives Caused by Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi in California and Spain." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (August 2019): 1809–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-19-0622-fe.

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In recent decades, the cultivated area and production of nuts and olives have increased, driven by an increasing consumer interest in healthier food. Diseases of almond, pistachio, olive, and walnut crops caused by species belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family have caused concern worldwide. Although considerable progress has been made in elucidating the etiology of these diseases, scientific knowledge of other aspects of these diseases is more limited. In this article, we present an overview of the most important diseases caused by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi affecting almond, pistachio, olive, and walnut crops by focusing on ecology and epidemiology, primarily in California and Spain.
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Michailides, T. J., D. P. Morgan, and M. A. Doster. "DISEASES OF PISTACHIO IN CALIFORNIA AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 419 (December 1995): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.419.56.

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Mohammadi, Hamid, Mehdi Sarcheshmehpour, and Ebrahim Mafi. "Fungal trunk pathogens associated with wood decay of pistachio trees in Iran." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): e1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2015132-6560.

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Over the growing seasons of 2011–2013, various pistachio (<em>Pistacia vera</em> L.) cv. Fandoghi, and wild pistachio (<em>P. atlantica </em>Desf. subsp. <em>mutica</em>) trees were inspected in Iran to determine the aetiology of trunk diseases with specific reference to species of <em>Phaeoacremonium</em> and Botryosphaeriaceae spp. Samples were collected from branches of trees exhibiting yellowing, defoliation, canker and dieback, as well as wood discoloration in cross sections. Fungal trunk pathogens were identified using morphological and cultural characteristics as well as comparisons of DNA sequence data of the ITS and TEF-1α (for Botryosphaeriaceae species) and β-tubulin gene (for <em>Phaeoacremonium</em> species) regions. <em>Phaeoacremonium parasiticum</em> was the dominant species followed by <em>Phaeoacremonium aleophilum</em>, <em>Botryosphaeria dothidea</em>,<em> Neofusicoccum parvum</em>,<em> </em><em>Phaeoacremonium</em> <em>cinereum, Phaeoacremonium viticola</em> and <em>Dothiorella viticola</em>. Pathogenicity tests were undertaken to determine the role of these species on pistachio under field conditions. <em>Neofusicoccum parvum</em> and <em>Pm. aleophilum</em> caused the longest and smallest lesions respectively. This study represents the first report on the occurrence and pathogenicity of <em>Phaeoacremonium </em>species on <em>P. vera</em> cv. Fandoghi. This also represents the first report of <em>Pleurostomophora </em>sp. on pistachio and <em>Pm. parasiticum</em> and <em>D</em>.<em> viticola</em> on wild pistachio.
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Holtz, Brent A. "Plant Protection for Pistachio." HortTechnology 12, no. 4 (January 2002): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.4.626.

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Pistachio (Pistacia vera) was successfully introduced into California and initially touted as a tree nut crop with no disease or insect pests. Unfortunately, these expectations were dashed as a number of diseases and pests followed commercial plantings, making plant protection practices integral to production. Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) devastated early plantings but is now controlled with the use of resistant rootstocks. Botryosphaeria blight (Botryosphaeria dothidea) and alternaria late blight (Alternaria alternata) are recently arrived foliar fungal diseases that blight fruit clusters and defoliate trees, respectively, and multiple fungicide applications are needed for control. The conversion to low volume irrigation systems, specifically to drip or buried drip, has reduced disease. Pruning out botryosphaeria blight infections has reduced overwintering inoculum and disease, while current research aims at accurately predicting infection events to increase fungicide efficacy. A number of hemipteran insect pests have been associated with epicarp lesion: spring treatments have been replaced with dormant carbaryl and oil applications which are less toxic to beneficial insects while controlling phytocoris (Phytocoris californicus and P. relativus) and soft scale pests. Early season insect damage can be tolerated because trees compensate by maturing a higher percentage of remaining fruit kernels. Some mirid (Calocoris spp.) pests can be effectively reduced by eliminating alternate hosts in an effective weed control program. If lygus (Lygus hesperus) populations are present, weeds should not be disturbed from bloom until shell hardening to prevent movement by insects into the trees where feeding can result in epicarp lesion. Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and leaffooted bugs (Leptoglossus clypealis and L. occidentalis) can penetrate the hardened shell and cause internal nut necrosis along with epicarp lesion. Trap crops are used to monitor pest populations in order to develop treatment thresholds. Degree-day based timing of treatments increase insecticide efficacy for the control of navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) and obliquebanded leafroller (Choristonuera rosaceana), but navel orangeworm populations are more effectively managed by destroying unharvested over wintering fruit. Bacillus thuriengiensis sprays, liquid-lime-sulfur, and biological control show promise in controlling obliquebanded leafroller.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pistachio – Diseases"

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Matheron, Michael E., Michael W. Kilby, and Robert Call. "Effect of Foliar Application of Benomyl on Severity of Septoria Leaf Spot on Pistachio in Southeastern Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220574.

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The fungicide, benomyl (Benlate) was foliar applied by a commercial air blast sprayer at the rate of 1.0 lb. a.i. per acre in early to late August. Treatments varied with a number of applications i.e. one or two and were compared to an untreated control. Benomyl significantly reduced leaf necrosis surrounding nut clusters and the number of leaf spot lesions when compared to control. One or two applications were equally effective in controlling Septoria leaf spot.
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Call, Robert E., and Michael E. Matheron. "Fungicidal Performance in Managing Septoria Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223845.

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Septoria leaf spot was detected in the United States for the first time in 1964 within an experimental pistachio planting at Brownwood, Texas. The first observation of the same disease in Arizona pistachio trees did not occur until 1986. In 1988, a survey of the 2,000 acres of pistachio orchards in southeastern Arizona revealed a widespread incidence of the disease. Since the initial discovery of the disease, Septoria leaf spot has appeared annually in some Arizona pistachio acreage. The onset and severity of the disease is influenced by summer rainfall that occurs in this region. Pistachio trees infected with Septoria leaf spot and not treated with an effective fungicide can defoliate in the autumn up to 2 months prematurely. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the efficacy of several different fungicides against this disease. All fungicides were applied to tree foliage on July 13 and August 10, 1999. Disease severity was lowest on trees treated with Flint (trifloxystrobin). Other materials that significantly reduced the final level of disease compared to nontreated trees included Abound (azoxystrobin), Break (propiconazole), and Procop R (copper hydroxide).
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Call, Robert E., and Michael E. Matheron. "Effective Management Tools for Septoria Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220530.

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Septoria leaf spot was detected in the United States for the first time in 1964 within an experimental pistachio planting at Brownwood, Texas. The first observation of the same disease in Arizona pistachio trees did not occur until 1986. In 1988, a survey of the 2,000 acres of pistachio orchards in southeastern Arizona revealed a widespread incidence of the disease. Since the initial discovery of the disease, Septoria leaf spot has appeared annually in some of the Arizona pistachio acreage. The onset and severity of the disease is influenced by summer rainfall that occurs in this region. Disease management trials conducted since 1992 have shown that as few as two applications of chlorothalonil in July and August can virtually prevent disease development. Applications of copper hydroxide or benomyl alone or in combination also effectively arrest disease development. Leaves around nut clusters on infected trees not receiving fungicide treatments were usually senescent at crop maturity, whereas leaves on treated trees showed no sign of senescence. Pistachio trees infected with Septoria leaf spot and not treated with an effective fungicide can defoliate in the autumn up to 2 months prematurely.
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Frank, William Arthur. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE SEASONAL POPULATION TRENDS AND DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH THRIPS AND PLANT BUGS IN ARIZONA PISTACHIOS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275235.

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Martins, Eva de Almeida. "O Poder de Pistacia lentiscus." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83625.

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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia
Pistacia lentiscus (var. chia), também conhecida como mastic tree, uma pequena árvore pertencente à família Anacardiaceae, é produzida exclusivamente no Sul da ilha de Chios, na Grécia. É usada há mais de 2500 anos em medicina tradicional Grega, mas as suas propriedades vêm descritas nas obras de Heródoto, Dioscórides e Galeno. Vários autores romanos, árabes, do período bizantino e europeus fazem extensas referências às propriedades de mastic, nome dado à resina produzida por P. lentiscus, conhecida por mastic tree. As suas propriedades antibacterianas, especialmente contra Helicobacter pylori, antifúngicas, antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, antineoplásicas e citoprotetoras, hepatoprotetoras e antidiabéticas, hipocolesterolémicas, a sua aplicação em Tecnologia Farmacêutica são abordadas nesta monografia no sentido de avaliar o potencial de Pistacia lentiscus como novo agente terapêutico de origem natural. A maioria das publicações existentes sobre Pistacia lentiscus L. refere-se à variedade Pistacia lentiscus var. chia. Num estudo recente realizado pelo Professor Kazim Browicz (Browicz, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1987), este propõe a substituição de “var.” por “cv.”, uma vez que se trata de um clone cultivado, “cultivated clone”. Ainda assim, numa tentativa de harmonização, na proposta de revisão apresentada pela EMA à Grécia, sugere-se a aceitação de Pistacia lentiscus L., conforme a monografia constante na Farmacopeia Europeia, sem qualquer especificação de variedade ou cultivo (EMA, 2015).
Pistacia lentiscus (var. chia), also known as mastic tree, an evergreen shrub belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, is exclusively cultivated in the southern part of Chios Island, in Greece. It has been used for over 2500 years in traditional Greek medicine, although its properties are mentioned in the works of Herodotus, Dioscorides and Galen. Several Roman, Arab, Byzantine and European authors make extensive references to mastic’s properties, the resin produced by Pistacia lentiscus, known as mastic tree. Its antibacterial properties, especially against Helicobacter pylori, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and cytoprotective, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic properties, its use in Pharmaceutical Technology are analysed in this monograph with the intent of evaluating the potential of Pistacia lentiscus as a new therapeutic agent of natural origin. The vast majority of the existing publications on Pistacia lentiscus L. refers to the variety Pistacia lentiscus var. chia. In a recent study conducted by Professor Kazim Browicz (Browicz, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1987), Professor Kazim Browicz proposes the use of “cv.” instead of “var.”, given that it is a cultivated clone. In the proposal made by EMA for revision from Greece, it is documented that the best scientific way should be the acceptance in the European Pharmacopoeia’s monograph of the species Pistacia lentiscus L. without any further specified variety or cultivar (EMA, 2015).
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Sharifi, Mohammad S., University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Biomedical and Health Sciences. "Fractionations and analysis of trunk exudates from pistacia genus in relation to antimicrobial activity." 2006. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/35517.

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H. pylori is one of the most significant discoveries in gastroenterology in the past century. It is associated with a wide range of gastroduodenal pathologies and gastric cancer. Antibiotic resistance in H. pylori has emerged as a significant clinical problem. The body of work contained within this dissertation was carried out to investigate an alternative therapy based on observations of the traditional therapy for gastric disease in the Middle East. One of these traditional therapies centres on plants belonging to the Pistacia genus. This study represents the first reported investigation into the composition and biological activity of the trunk bark exudates of Pistacia atlantica Kurdic (P. a. Kurdica), Pistacia atlantica Mutica (P. a. Mutica) and Pistacia atlantica Cabolica (P. a. Cabolica), resinous gums that have been termed here ‘Kurdica Gum’, ‘Mutica Gum ’ and ‘Cabolica Gum ’ respectively. The antimicrobial screening of the trunk exudates of the genus Pistacia led to the characterization of the most active fraction of the Kurdica gum. This fraction was subsequently subjected to sub-fractionation leading to the discovery of fundamentally new information that went beyond H. pylori, expanding the original parameters of the project. The extent of these findings suggests that new classes of antibiotics might have been discovered. Primary studies on their structure and potential mechanism of action has been undertaken. Thirteen novel antimicrobial agents were identified. Based on the characteristics of these isolated fractions, 50 new compounds were modelled; of which 30 hypothetically have an MIC consistent with contemporary antibiotics and could represent viable lead compounds for commercial development.
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Gebauer, Sarah K. "A comprehensive dose-response study of the effects of pistachios on cardiovascular disease risk factors a translational research approach integrating clinical nutrition and molecular biology /." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2550/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Pistachio – Diseases"

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Heier, Anke. Nachweis der geografischen Herkunft von Pistazien anhand der Stabilisotopenverhältnisse. Berlin: Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pistachio – Diseases"

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Saitta, Marcello, Daniele Giuffrida, Giuseppa Di Bella, Giovanna Loredana La Torre, and Giacomo Dugo. "Compounds with Antioxidant Properties in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Seeds." In Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, 909–18. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375688-6.10107-0.

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