Academic literature on the topic 'Pisungo'

Kabupaten Jayawijaya merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Pegunungan Tengah yang terkenal dengan pertaniannya. Penduduk di wilayah ini dari waktu ke waktu semakin meningkat. Seiring dengan bertambahnya perumahan dan pembangunan di wilayah ini secara tidak langsung akan mengurangi lahan pertanian. Penggunaan vertikultur atau teknik budidaya secara bertingkat merupakan salah satu cara dalam menanggulangi berkurangnya lahan pertanian. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) memberikan keterampilan kepada para petani di Distrik Pisugi Kabupaten Jayawijaya untuk menggunakan pertanian vertikultur untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian dengan cara sosialisasi; 2) Efektivitas kegiatan Sosialisasi dalam memberikan pengetahuan tentang penggunaan vertikultur kepada para petani di Distrik Pisugi Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Dalam pengabdian ini masyarakat di Distrik Pisugi dilakukan pemberian materi dan praktek langsung tentang budidaya tanaman secara vertikultur.

AbstractThe ability to resist or avoid natural enemy attack is a critically important insect life history trait, yet little is understood of how these traits may be affected by temperature. This study investigated how different genotypes of the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisumHarris, a pest of leguminous crops, varied in resistance to three different natural enemies (a fungal pathogen, two species of parasitoid wasp and a coccinellid beetle), and whether expression of resistance was influenced by temperature. Substantial clonal variation in resistance to the three natural enemies was found. Temperature influenced the number of aphids succumbing to the fungal pathogenErynia neoaphidisRemaudière & Hennebert, with resistance increasing at higher temperatures (18 vs. 28°C). A temperature difference of 5°C (18 vs. 23°C) did not affect the ability ofA. pisumto resist attack by the parasitoidsAphidius erviHaliday andA. eadyiStarý, González & Hall. Escape behaviour from foraging coccinellid beetles (Hippodamia convergensGuerin-Meneville) was not directly influenced by aphid clone or temperature (16 vs. 21°C). However, there were significant interactions between clone and temperature (while most clones did not respond to temperature, one was less likely to escape at 16°C), and between aphid clone and ladybird presence (some clones showed greater changes in escape behaviour in response to the presence of foraging coccinellids than others). Therefore, while larger temperature differences may alter interactions betweenAcyrthosiphon pisumand an entomopathogen, there is little evidence to suggest that smaller changes in temperature will alter pea aphid–natural enemy interactions.

Abstract Motivation Ordinal classification problems arise in a variety of real-world applications, in which samples need to be classified into categories with a natural ordering. An example of classifying high-dimensional ordinal data is to use gene expressions to predict the ordinal drug response, which has been increasingly studied in pharmacogenetics. Classical ordinal classification methods are typically not able to tackle high-dimensional data and standard high-dimensional classification methods discard the ordering information among the classes. Existing work of high-dimensional ordinal classification approaches usually assume a linear ordinality among the classes. We argue that manually labeled ordinal classes may not be linearly arranged in the data space, especially in high-dimensional complex problems. Results We propose a new approach that can project high-dimensional data into a lower discriminating subspace, where the innate ordinal structure of the classes is uncovered. The proposed method weights the features based on their rank correlations with the class labels and incorporates the weights into the framework of linear discriminant analysis. We apply the method to predict the response to two types of drugs for patients with multiple myeloma, respectively. A comparative analysis with both ordinal and nominal existing methods demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve a competitive predictive performance while honoring the intrinsic ordinal structure of the classes. We provide interpretations on the genes that are selected by the proposed approach to understand their drug-specific response mechanisms. Availability and implementation The data underlying this article are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus Database at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ and can be accessed with accession number GSE9782 and GSE68871. The source code for FWOC can be accessed at https://github.com/pisuduo/Feature-Weighted-Ordinal-Classification-FWOC. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Con el fin de profundizar en la comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares que gobiernan los procesos de la iniciación y desarrollo floral de guisante nos planteamos los siguientes objetivos : PRIMERO.- Análisis funcional de los genes MADS de guisante PEAM1, PEAM4 y PEAM6 mediante dos tipos de abordajes, alternativos a la transformación de guisante: (i) analizando el fenotipo resultante de su expresión constitutiva en plantas silvestres de los sistemas heterólogos Arabidopsis thaliana y Nicotiana tabacum y (ii) ensayando la capacidad de los genes PEAM4 y PEAM1 de complementar mutantes de Arabidopsis de clase A y B, respectivamente. SEGUNDO.- Utilizar la tecnología del doble híbrido en levaduras para: (i) identificar proteínas que interaccionan con los productos de los genes MADS PEAM4 y PEAM6 y (ii) testar la interacción entre las proteínas PEAM4 y PEAM6. Los resultados de la expresión constitutiva de PEAM1 en plantas silvestres de Arabidopsis y de tabaco apoyan la hipótesis de que PEAM1 funciona como un gen de identidad de órgano floral de tipo B. Además, el hecho de que la construcción 35S::PEAM1 sea capaz de complementar la mutación pi-1 de Arabidopsis, pero no las mutaciones ap3-1 o ap3-3, confirma que PEAM1 es el homólogo funcional de guisante del gen PI. La expresión constitutiva de PEAM4 acelera la floración en Arabidopsis y tabaco, induce la conversión de las inflorescencias en flores en Arabidopsis, y reduce el grado de ramificación de las inflorescencias de tabaco sugiriendo que PEAM4 podría estar implicado en el proceso de la iniciación floral de guisante; en tabaco además genera un fenotipo de floración inhibida que podría deberse a un silenciamiento en los ápices del tallo de los genes de tabaco NAP1-1 y NAP2-2, homólogos a PEAM4. PEAM4 es, además, capaz de restaurar los defectos florales del mutante ap1-1 de Arabidopsis. Todos estos datos indican que PEAM4 es el homólogo funcional de guisante del gen AP1 de Arabidopsis y que comparte tanto la capacidad de funcionar como un gen de identidad de meristemo floral como la de especificar la identidad de los órganos del periantio y actuando así como un gen de función A. La expresión constitutiva de PEAM6 acelera la floración en tabaco y Arabidopsis, y en esta última además provoca la conversión de las inflorescencias en flores. Esto concuerda con la hipótesis de que PEAM6 pueda estar implicado en el proceso de la iniciación floral de guisante, sugerida previamente a partir de las evidencias genéticas que correlacionan a este gen con la mutación veg1 de guisante, y por su expresión temprana en los meristemos florales. No obstante, el fenotipo resultante de la expresión constitutiva de PEAM6 también es compatible con un papel como gen de tipo SEP, con los que comparte homología de secuencia. Los datos disponibles sugieren que tal vez PEAM6 podría llevar a cabo una doble función en guisante, como gen de iniciación floral y como gen de identidad de órgano floral de tipo SEP. El resultado positivo del ensayo de interacción entre PEAM4 y PEAM6 en el sistema del doble híbrido en levadura, así como el hecho de que PEAM4 haya sido aislado repetidamente en el rastreo de una genoteca de cDNA de ápices florales de guisante, utilizando como cebo a PEAM6, muestran que estas dos proteínas poseen la capacidad de interaccionar. Por otra parte, la intensificación sinérgica del fenotipo de las plantas transgénicas de Arabidopsis que expresan constitutivamente, y de manera simultánea, PEAM4 y PEAM6 indica que estos dos genes interaccionan in planta durante la iniciación floral y apoya la hipótesis de la interacción entre sus productos génicos sugerida por los experimentos en levadura.<br>In an attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms that control the initiation and flower development processes in pea floral we aimed to achieve the following objectives: FIRST:-Functional analysis of the pea MADS genes PEAM1, PEAM4 y PEAM6 by two types of approaches, alternative to the pea transformation: (i) analyzing the resulting phenotype of the constitutive expression in wild type plants of heterologous systems Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum and (ii) testing the ability of the PEAM1 and PEAM4 genes to rescue the defects of Arabidopsis mutants. SECOND.- The use the two hybrid system in yeast in order to: (i) identify proteins that interact with products of the pea MADS genes PEAM4 y PEAM6 and (ii) assay the interaction between PEAM4 and PEAM6 proteins. The results of constitutive expression of PEAM1 in wild-type plants of Arabidopsis and tobacco, and the specific rescue of pi-1 mutation confirm that PEAM1 is the pea PI function homologue. Our results indicate that PEAM4 is the functional homologue to AP1 and SQUA that PEAM4, despite lacking a canonical CaaX-box, functions as a floral meristem identity gene in heterologous systems Arabidopsis and tobacco since accelerates flowering and besides induces inflorescence to flower conversion in Arabidopsis. Moreover, PEAM4 was able to restore perianth organ identity in the strong mutant ap1-1 of Arabidopsis suggesting that it could function as an A-class gene in pea. The constitutive expression of PEAM6 accelerates flowering in tabacco and Arabidopsis, and besides induces inflorescence to flower conversion in Arabidopsis. This agrees with the hypothesis that PEAM6 could be involved in floral initiation in pea previously suggested by genetic evidences that correlates this gene with pea veg1 mutation and by its early expression in floral meristems. But, the resulting phenotype of the constitutive expression also compatible with a role as SEP gene which share sequence homology; the data suggest that PEAM6 could carried out a double role in pea as a floral initiation and also organ identity gene. Finally, PEAM4 and PEAM6 interact in planta during floral initiation and their proteins interact in yeast in a two-hybrid assay.

The fault-bounded Cianzo basin represents a Cenozoic intermontane depocenter between the Puna plateau and Eastern Cordillera of the central Andean fold-thrust belt in northern Argentina. New characterizations of fold-thrust structure, nonmarine sedimentation, and sediment provenance for the shortening-induced Cianzo basin at 23°S help constrain the origin, interconnectedness, and subsequent uplift and exhumation of the basin, which may serve as an analogue for other intermontane hinterland basins in the Andes. Structural mapping of the Cianzo basin reveals SW and NE-plunging synclines within the >6000 m-thick, upsection coarsening Cenozoic clastic succession in the shared footwall of the N-striking, E-directed Cianzo thrust fault and transverse, NE-striking Hornocal fault. Growth stratal relationships within upper Miocene levels of the succession indicate syncontractional sedimentation directly adjacent to the Hornocal fault. Measured stratigraphic sections and clastic sedimentary lithofacies of Cenozoic basin-fill deposits show upsection changes from (1) a distal fluvial system recorded by vi fine-grained, paleosol-rich, heavily bioturbated sandstones and mudstones (Paleocene‒Eocene Santa Bárbara Subgroup, ~400 m), to (2) a braided fluvial system represented by cross-stratified sandstones and interbedded mudstones with 0.3 to 8 m upsection-fining sequences (Upper Eocene–Oligocene Casa Grande Formation, ~1400 m), to (3) a distributary fluvial system in the distal sectors of a distributary fluvial megafan represented by structureless sheetflood sandstones, stratified pebble conglomerates and sandstones, and interbedded overbank mudstones (Miocene Río Grande Formation, ~3300 m), to (4) a proximal alluvial fan system with thick conglomerates interbedded with thin discontinuous sandstone lenses (upper Miocene Pisungo Formation, ~1600 m). New 40Ar/39Ar geochronological results for five interbedded volcanic tuffs indicate distributary fluvial deposition of the uppermost Río Grande Formation from 16.31 ± 0.6 Ma to 9.69 ± 0.05 Ma. Sandstone petrographic results show distinct upsection trends in lithic and feldspar content in the Casa Grande, Río Grande, and Pisungo formations, potentially distinguishing western magmatic arc (Western Cordillera) sediment sources from evolving eastern thrust-belt sources (Puna‒Eastern Cordillera). In addition to growth stratal relationships and 40Ar/39Ar constraints, conglomerate clast compositions reflect distinct lithologic differences, constraining the activation of the Cianzo thrust and coeval movement on the reactivated Hornocal fault. Finally, U-Pb geochronological analyses of sandstone detrital zircon populations in conjunction with paleocurrent data and depositional facies patterns help distinguish localized sources from more distal sources west of the basin, revealing a systematic eastward advance of Eocene to Miocene fold-thrust deformation in the central Andes of northern Argentina.<br>text