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1
Souza, Michelle Campano de. "Cinemática de cães hígidos da raça American Pit Bull Terrier." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínicas Veterinárias, 2017. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000219632.
Full textAbstract:
A análise clínica da marcha, observação visual, é útil, porém pouco precisa, enquanto a análise quantitativa compreende uma avaliação mais eficiente, calculando variáveis de distâncias e variáveis angulares. O ramo da mecânica que descreve os componentes espaciais e temporais do movimento chama-se cinemática. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer dados cinemáticos da marcha de cães hígidos da raça American Pit Bull Terrier e contribuir para a compreensão do movimento da locomoção. Foram avaliados os ângulos articulares dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, e variáveis espaço-temporais para caminhada e trote. Foram estudados 11 cães, idade entre 2 a 6 anos, com escore de condição corporal entre 4 a 6, de ambos os sexos. Os animais estudados não apresentavam histórico prévio de doenças articulares e musculoesqueléticos. Cada cão teve 20 marcadores reflexivos posicionados nos pontos anatômicos de interesse. Os animais caminharam e trotaram dentro de um espaço linear (sete metros), conduzido pelo mesmo pesquisador. Os dados cinemáticos foram coletados com o emprego de 6 câmeras e analisadas por um programa de análise de movimento. Os movimentos analisados durante as fases da marcha foram: flexão (diminuição do ângulo articular), extensão (aumento do ângulo articular), amplitude de movimento, ângulo no instante da fase de apoio, comprimento e velocidade de passada. Ao comparar os ângulos entre caminhada e trote, verificou-se diferenças mais expressivas para as articulações dos membros pélvicos. Não houve diferença entre os lados esquerdo e direito em todos os ângulos articulares dos membros pélvicos durante a caminhada e trote. Portanto, o movimento do membro pélvico mostra-se simétrico tanto ao trote quanto à caminhada, fato relevante para estudos de cães portadores de doenças musculoesqueléticas.The clinical gait analysis, visual observation, is useful, but not very precise, whereas the quantitative analysis comprises a more efficient evaluation, calculating variables of distances and angular variables. The branch of mechanics that describes the spatial and temporal components of motion is called kinematics. The objective of the present study was to establish kinematic gait data of American Pit Bull Terriers and contribute to the understanding of the movement of locomotion. The articular angles of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, and spatiotemporal variables for walking and trotting were evaluated. Eleven dogs, aged between 2 and 6 years, with a body condition score between 4 and 6, of both sexes were studied. The animals studied had no previous history of joint and musculoskeletal diseases. Each dog had 20 reflective markers positioned at the anatomical points of interest. The animals walked and trotted within a linear space (seven meters), led by the same searcher. The kinematic data were collected using 6 cameras and analyzed by a motion analysis program. The movements analyzed during gait phases were: flexion (decrease of joint angle), extension (increase of joint angle), range of motion, angle at the instant of the support phase, length and speed of the course. Comparing the angles between walking and trotting, there were more expressive differences for the pelvic limbs joints. There was no difference between the left and right sides at all joint angles of the pelvic limbs during walking and trotting. Therefore, the movement of the pelvic limb is symmetrical to both trotting and walking, which is relevant for the study of dogs with musculoskeletal diseases.
2
REIDHEAD, JAYCEE LORRAINE. "THE DEVIL‟S LAPDOG: THE HISTORY AND IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN PIT BULL TERRIER." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613562.
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The American Pit Bull Terrier, otherwise known as the “pit bull”, has become one of the
world‟s most notorious dog breeds, due to its perceived aggressive temperament and relation to
dogfighting and gangs. This paper looks to examine the history of the breed and how its creation
and involvement with dogfighting influenced the general public‟s negative perception of the
breed throughout the end of the 20th century. By understanding how the breed‟s violent history
influenced its negative reputation, it can be determined how the breed became targeted by breedspecific
legislation. Additionally, this paper addresses the history of breed-specific legislation,
and how it specifically relates to the American Pit Bull Terrier, and how the stereotypes of the
breed influenced the enactment of breed-specific laws. This paper will also address the issues
with breed-specific legislation and why such laws are not beneficial for the community, and will
also introduce alternatives that are safer and more reasonable for the community and the dogs.
3
Newlon, Courtney. "An Evaluation of Bull Trout Movement Dynamics in the Walla Walla River." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7361.
Full textAbstract:
Bull trout are a fish species listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.Historically, they ranged from Northern California at the southernmost extent, into Canada at the northern most extent, and east into Nevada and Montana. Bull trout are highly migratory and require large, unfragmented habitats to persist and are thus highly susceptible to human induced land-use practices. The goal of my thesis was to obtain a better understanding of bull trout movement patterns in the Walla Walla River, Washington using complimentary techniques; Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)technology and otolith microchemistry. PIT tags can be injected into a fish body cavity, similar to how pets are “chipped”, and as the fish swim through antennas placed in the river, their location and movements are be documented.Otolith microchemistry is a technique that is similar to analysis of tree rings. The otolith, a hard bony structure of a fish’s ear, develops over a lifetime and as the rings of the otolith are created the chemical signature in the water in which they live is recorded and can be compared to chemical makeup of water samples collected through the river system. Using these two techniques, I found that the age or size of a fish and the season are important factors to explain both a fish’s movements and where in the river a fish might be located at a given time. Knowing at what size, age and season a fish is attempting to migrate allows managers to provide the best possible river conditions (e.g., temperatures, flow) to allow for unimpeded migrations to occur and to foster conservation and recovery of bull trout populations.
4
Elmôr, Lucas Domênico. "Suplementação de triptofano na atividade elétrica cerebral (EEG) e glicemia de cães da raça Pit Bull." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-13042009-091204/.
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Três cães machos adultos da raça Pit Bull foram utilizados com o intuito de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de triptofano na atividade elétrica cerebral e taxa glicêmica. Os tratamentos foram: A) Dieta base + veículo com placebo (controle); B) Dieta base + veículo com 1,11g de triptofano. Inicialmente os animais passaram por doze dias de fornecimento do tratamento A, destes, cinco dias foram destinados a colheita dos dados. Após três dias de descanso teve início o período de 12 dias de fornecimento do tratamento B, com o aumento de um dia de colheita. Para a colheita de EEG foi utilizado o registro bipolar, sendo o sinal colhido numa freqüência de amostragem de 120 Hz por um período de 20 minutos por dia de colheita. Utilizou-se um glicosímetro portátil para mensurar a glicemia nos tempos 0, 15, 30, 45 minutos, relacionados com o período destinado ao manejo de colheita de EEG. A suplementação de triptofano diminuiu a energia das bandas de freqüências beta, teta, alfa e delta, permitindo sugerir uma modificação na atividade elétrica cerebral. Não houve efeito significativo do fornecimento de triptofano suplementar sobre a glicemia dos cães utilizados neste experimento.Three adults male Pit Bulls dogs were housed with the intention of evaluating the effects of tryptophan supplementation on brain electrical activity and glicemic curve. The treatments were: A) Basic Diet + Placebo (control); B) Basic Diet + 1,11 g of tryptophan. First the animals were kept for 12 days using the A treatment, with five days of data collecting. After three days off they were kept for 12 days using the B treatment, but with an addition of one day of data collecting. The EEG collecting was made using a bipolar register, and the signal was collected on a 120 Hz sampling frequency for 20 minutes per collecting day. The blood glucose was measured using a portable blood glucose meter on 0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes, related to the EEG collecting period. The Tryptophan supplementation decreased the energy signals of the beta, theta, alpha and delta frequencies, which suggests some modification on the brain electrical activity. There was no effect of the tryptophan supplementation on the glicemic curve.
5
Berkman, Carolina [UNESP]. "Cães American Pit Bull Terrier submetidos a exercício: respostas fisiológicas e estudo comparativo de métodos para quantificação de lactato." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128001.
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000848501.pdf: 435668 bytes, checksum: bb762dddb385a43a1d0a10209e8b53e9 (MD5)A Fisiologia do Exercício é um ramo da ciência que elabora métodos e programas de condicionamento aplicados no controle, prevenção e tratamento de enfermidades, bem como explica os mecanismos adaptativos comparando espécies animais. A espécie canina ainda é pouco estudada em seu perfil atlético mais amplo, sendo as raças tradicionalmente escolhidas para este fim o Greyhounds, cães de trenó e Retrievers do Labrador. O American Pit Bull Terrier, apesar de sua popularidade mundial, tem sido negligenciado pela comunidade acadêmica, apesar de sua versatilidade comprovada por sua participação bem sucedida em diversos esportes. Esta revisão traz aspectos relevantes sobre a raça e sua origem, bem como sobre as expectativas de inovadores estudos com enfoque no Pit Bull como modelo experimental
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Berkman, Carolina. "Cães American Pit Bull Terrier submetidos a exercício : respostas fisiológicas e estudo comparativo de métodos para quantificação de lactato /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128001.
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Orientador: Guilherme de Camargo FerrazBanca: Otávio Augusto Brioschi Soares
Banca: Ricardo Miyasaka de Almeida
Banca: Luciane Helena Gargaglioni Batalhão
Banca: Fabrício Singaretti de Oliveira
Resumo: A Fisiologia do Exercício é um ramo da ciência que elabora métodos e programas de condicionamento aplicados no controle, prevenção e tratamento de enfermidades, bem como explica os mecanismos adaptativos comparando espécies animais. A espécie canina ainda é pouco estudada em seu perfil atlético mais amplo, sendo as raças tradicionalmente escolhidas para este fim o Greyhounds, cães de trenó e Retrievers do Labrador. O American Pit Bull Terrier, apesar de sua popularidade mundial, tem sido negligenciado pela comunidade acadêmica, apesar de sua versatilidade comprovada por sua participação bem sucedida em diversos esportes. Esta revisão traz aspectos relevantes sobre a raça e sua origem, bem como sobre as expectativas de inovadores estudos com enfoque no Pit Bull como modelo experimental
Abstract: Not available
Doutor
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Bouchillon, Brandon Chase. "A Slide in Mediated Perceptions: Pit Bulls and Collateral Fallout in the Vick Trial." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1278.
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This research expected pit bull coverage to become more violent and more negative in the wake of the Vick trial, so a content analysis was conducted of "pit bull" mentions in the year 2006 and in 2009. The first year was intended to provide a comparison for this study, documenting the pit bull's mediated depiction before the Vick trial. Mentions from 2009 were intended to represent the aftermath of this trial, pinpointing its effects on the breed's mediated depiction. Tonal mentions of the breed were almost 17 percentage points more negative in 2009 than in 2006. Violent mentions increased by a more than 20 percentage points during this period. Topical selections also shifted, and 2009 coverage chose to focus more on pit bull attacks than in 2006. This research proposes a theory of collateral fallout for mediated subjects, and pit bulls, as a brand, have suffered from this fallout.
8
Sonnenberg, Rob. "Development of aquatic communities in high-altitude mine pit lake systems of west-central Alberta." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3106.
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Reclamation on the Cardinal River and Gregg River coal mines includes the construction of mine pit lakes connected to stream environments. Key physical, chemical and biological parameters of these “truck and shovel” lakes and their streams were investigated, and hypotheses regarding ecosystems and populations were tested. Findings include:
Sphinx Lake and Pit Lake CD exhibit meromictic (partial-mixing) tendencies, but
still function in a similar fashion to shallower, natural sub-alpine lakes.
Elevated selenium concentrations as high as 16 ug/g (dry weight) were recorded
in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs taken from gravid Sphinx Lake and
Pit Lake CD fish. Potential detrimental effects associated with the
bioaccumulation of selenium on fish reproduction were not observed.
Stream water temperatures downstream of Sphinx Lake and Pit Lake CD were
significantly warmer than in inlet streams and streams without pit lakes.
Streambed concretions caused by calcite precipitation were documented and
found to affect portions of the upper Gregg River basin. Remediation of this
concretion is important for sustainability of trout populations.
Aquatic communities including fish, invertebrates, zooplankton and aquatic plants
are present in these pit lake systems. Athabasca Rainbow trout populations are
self-propagating (spawning at the outlets) with higher densities downstream than
there were prior to lake reclamation.
The development of sub-alpine mine-pit lakes connected to the stream environment
appears to be an appropriate and beneficial reclamation technique in this area.xvi, 224 leaves : col. ill., map ; 28 cm
9
Zinda, Elizabeth Selena. "American Cerberus| Pit Bulls and Psyche in the United States." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10606561.
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Dogs categorized as pit bulls are entangled with American sociocultural and psychological dynamics, and alternately imagined as noble, vicious, and sweet. Depth psychology holds that untended unconscious dynamics overwhelm situations and manifest in undesired ways such as violence and oppression. This research explored the unconscious dynamics in pit bull phenomena and asked whether archetypal understandings of these phenomena can promote compassion, social justice, and well-being for dogs and humans. Employing a hermeneutic methodology with a depth psychological lens, this research sought an archetypal understanding of pit bull fighting, breed-specific legislation (BSL), negative breed-based stereotypes, and pit bull rescue and advocacy through hermeneutic dialogues with texts representing these phenomena. Findings showed that the worlds of White dogfighters and game dog breeders contain a complex array of archetypal elements, including archetypes of Warrior, Hero, Wise Old Man, and Magician, and themes of initiation and alchemy. These worlds are also sites for productions of White American heteromasculine personae. Other findings showed that BSL, negative breed stereotypes, and pit bull rescue and advocacy represent transformations of the pit bull image through alchemical stages of destructive nigredo and purifying albedo. These stages showed how the pit bull image emerges from White social anxieties and is employed to reestablish White comfort. An integrated rubedo stage of the pit bull image, in which all of these dynamics are made conscious, is promoted to support social justice and well-being for dogs and humans.
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Duzgun, Ozkan. "Assessment Of Velocity Of Detonation At Kumtor Open Pit Gold Mine." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613676/index.pdf.
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One of the most important properties of an explosive is its velocity of detonation
(VOD). It is essential that the explosive should detonate at its optimum rate and
release sufficient detonation pressure to get good fragmentation under the existing
field conditions.
The main objectives of this research study are to investigate the effects of explosive
type, blast hole diameter, and degree of confinement on the VOD of bulk ANFO
and bulk emulsion in Kumtor Open Pit Gold Mine. In this study, the continuous
resistance wire method is employed to measure in-situ VOD of both bulk ANFO
and bulk emulsion. The VOD values are measured for different hole diameters and
under different confinements for both explosives. The ideality of bulk ANFO and
bulk emulsion is calculated by comparing the in-situ measured VOD&rsquos and their ideal detonation values. It is found that the VOD of both explosives increases as the blast hole diameter and the degree of confinement increases. In addition to this, VOD of bulk ANFO decreases when it gets wet in the blast hole. Another finding is that, proportion of bulk emulsion ingredients has influence on its VOD. This research study provides a good understanding to use suitable explosive in existing rock conditions in Kumtor Open Pit Gold Mine.
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Gulak, Simon J. B. "Phylogenetics and phylogeography of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186635.
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The bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, is an important euryhaline predator that is exploited throughout its range for meat and fins. This species is taxonomically paired with the pigeye shark, C. amboinensis. Validity of this group has not been directly tested using molecular markers. Genetic variation and phylogeny was examined with concatenated datasets of mitochondrial genes (cytb, cox1 and 12stRNA16s) for nineteen species, from three families within the order Carcharhiniformes. Whilst there were indications of species pairings within the genus, there was no evidence to suggest that the bull and pigeye sharks should be considered a species group. Phylogenetic analysis failed to resolve Carcharhinus, but confirmed Negaprion as a sister taxon and placed Prionace glauca within Carcharhinus. It remains unclear if the family Sphyrnidae, arose from a Rhizoprionodon or Scoliodon ancestor and future revision of this complex group of sharks is required. Like other large carcharhinid species, C. leucas exhibits a low reproductive rate and long generation times. It is susceptible to localised depletions and such declines have been documented. The global stock structure was assessed by analysing the mitochondrial control region in 245 individuals sampled from eight populations in three ocean basins. The bull shark exhibits relatively high haplotype diversity (0.896 ± 0.010) when compared to other globally-distributed sharks and the nucleotide diversity was similar to others from the genus (0.00465 ± 0.00014). There was significant stock structure found among populations (ΦST=0.736, p<0.00001) and among ocean basins (ΦCT=0.527, p=0.00653). Geneflow between the US Atlantic coastline and Gulf of Mexico was sufficient to consider the area to be a single panmictic population. Coalescent analyses suggest an Indian Ocean origin with population divergences associated with warm interglacials and increased habitat with drop in sea level during the recent Wisconsin glaciation. Seven discrete stock management units for bull sharks are proposed.
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Jin, Kaifeng. "Synthesis of Ni-free bulk metallic glasses and their biomedical applications /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Gostin, Petre Flaviu, Dimitri Eigel, Daniel Grell, Jürgen Eckert, Eberhard Kerscher, Annett Gebert, S. Scudino, C. Yang, and J. Eckert. "Comparing the pitting corrosion behavior of prominent Zr-based bulk metallic glasses." Cambridge University Press, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70547.
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Five well-known Zr-based alloys of the systems Zr–Cu–Al–(Ni–Nb, Ni–Ti, Ag) (Cu 5 15.4–36 at.%) with the highest glass-forming ability were comparatively analyzed regarding their pitting corrosion resistance and repassivation ability in a chloride-containing solution. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements were conducted in the neutral 0.01 M Na₂SO₄ 1 0.1 M NaCl electrolyte and local corrosion damages were subsequently investigated with high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Both pitting and repassivation potential correlate with the Cu concentration, i.e., those potentials decrease with increasing Cu content. Pit morphology is not composition dependent: while initially hemispherical pits then develop an irregular shape and a porous rim. Corrosion products are rich in Cu, O, and often Cl species. A combination of low Cu and high Nb or Ti contents is most beneficial for a high pitting resistance of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses. The bulk glassy Zr₅₇Cu₁₅.₄Al₁₀Ni₁₂.₆Nb₅ (Vit 106) and Zr₅₂.₅Cu₁₇.₉Al₁₀Ni₁₄.₆Ti₅ (Vit 105) alloys exhibit the highest pitting resistance.
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Hamilton, Jennifer L. "Held together by words : the bull calves and the Scottish fiction of Naomi Mitchison (1930s-1960s)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229125.
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Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999) was an accomplished Scottish author noted for her historical fiction. Her literary career was prolific and lengthy, moving through several phases. From the early 1930s through the 1960s, Mitchison wrote primarily Scottish works. Whether in setting, characterisation, or concern, her literature during these years was for the Scottish people. In this reader’s estimation, Mitchison’s greatest contribution to the Scottish literary world was her ability to write engaging story while constructively recreating strong national mythos and setting forth models of healthy, loyal communities. Mitchison first is artist; therefore, any social agenda she embraces finds expression in art (whether these concerns be socialism, feminism, education, the arts, agricultural practices, or fishing, to name a few). This thesis will trace the themes in her earlier and later periods of the Scottish phase of her literary art, with The Bull Calves as focal point not only of this study, but also of the Scottish period of her writing. Exploration of the early works (1930s-40s) and the later works (1950s-60s and the later Early in Orcadia) will highlight themes that recur throughout her literary career. While not new to her particularly Scottish works, recurring themes take on new significance in light of Mitchison’s political involvement with the Labour Party and her local Community of Carradale. Mikhail Bakhtin’s study of narratology acknowledges the inherent political nature of language, and how the lexical range of characters within a text signifies particular class, occupation, religious and/or political propensity. When examining The Bull Calves, Bakhtinian method will be applied to the text, illustrating Mitchison’s utilisation of the facets of language to refract meaning within the text.
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Sales, Ronaldo Héber Torres Barreto. "Consumidores on-line e seus Pit Bulls: uma exploração netnográfica da manufatura e movimento de significados no mundo dos bens." Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2004. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18899.
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Esta dissertação discute o papel das comunidades on-line no processo de manufatura e movimento de significados no mundo dos bens a partir da exploração etnográfica de uma lista de discussão por e-mail dedicada ao American Pit Bull Terrier, a Pit Bull BR. O estudo desse grupo buscou ainda atender a outros dois objetivos: primeiro, ampliar a compreensão sobre o relacionamento entre os consumidores e seus cães; e depois, contribuir para um debate científico nacional em torno dos aspectos socioculturais do relacionamento entre os brasileiros e seus animais de companhia. Ao longo da pesquisa, verificou-se que a comunidade Pit Bull BR não é apenas um recurso usado pelos seus membros para se apropriarem e cultivarem os significados carregados pela raça Pit Bull, mas também serve rotineiramente como uma plataforma completa para a manufatura e movimento dos significados culturais relacionados à raça. O grupo revelouse muito empenhado na luta contra a marginalização da raça e dos seus donos, envolvendo-se rotineiramente na re-construção da imagem pública do Pit Bull. Constatou-se, porém, que os significados cultivados pela comunidade variavam de acordo com o grupo social de origem dos membros da lista de discussão. A parte final da dissertação discute as implicações desses achados para o entendimento da relação dos consumidores com seus Pit Bulls e do papel das comunidades on-line orientadas ao consumo nos sistemas de moda e de publicidade. Recomendações para práticas de marketing e para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas relacionadas à aquisição e posse de cães da raça são discutidas na conclusão. This dissertation discusses the role of the on-line communities in the process of manufacture and movement of meanings in the world of goods through the ethnographic exploration of a list of discussion by email, the Pit Bull BR, dedicated to the American Bull Terrier. The study of this group went further ahead and sought to attain two other goals: first, to extend the understanding of the relationship between the consumers and their dogs; afterwards, they sought to contribute to a national scientific debate about the sociocultural aspects of the relationship between Brazilians and their pets. Throughout the research, we verified that the community Pit Bull BR is not just a resource used by its members to appropriate and cultivate the meanings carried on by the breed Pit Bull, but it also works regularly as a complete platform to the manufacture and to the movement of the cultural meanings related to the breed. The group came about as very engaged in the fight against the marginalization of such breed and of its owners, regularly involving itself in the reconstruction of the public image of the Pit Bull. We testified, however, that the meanings cultivated by the community vary according to the original social groups of the members of the discussion list. The final part of the dissertation discusses the implications of these findings in the understanding of the relationship of the consumers with their Pit Bulls, and of the role of the on-line communities guided for consumption in the systems of fashion and publicity. Recommendations for marketing practices and for the development of public politics related to the acquisition and ownership of pure-breed dogs are discussed in the conclusion.
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Holm, Aaron Patrick. "Bulk and element-specific studies of some complex transiton-metal [i.e. transition-metal] Zintl phases /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Bell, David Thomas. "PET film artificial weathering : the action of degradation agents on bulk and surface properties." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6834/.
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films can be advantageously utilised to replace both glass and metal in photovoltaic (PV) devices. However, there remain aspects of their performance in outdoor applications which may be improved upon to meet PV device requirements more efficiently. DuPont Teijin Films (DTF) employ artificial weathering techniques to investigate PET film degradation processes, such as UV degradation and hydrolysis, which occur during the outdoor application of PET films. In this Thesis, a thorough investigation into the modification of PET film properties with exposure to various artificial weathering techniques has been conducted. Techniques including infra-red spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, atomic force microscopy and nano-indentation have been employed to improve the understanding of the effects of artificial weathering on PET films. The effects of exposure to high intensity simulated solar radiation have also been investigated and compared with those of the combined degradation agents present during ISO standard accelerated environmental weathering. Surface modifications have been compared with those of the bulk, in particular, surface roughening and microcracking have been investigated in much greater detail than previously in the literature. Finally, the stabilizing effects of including an organic ultraviolet absorber on weathered PET film bulk and surface properties have also been assessed.
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Thomeny, Girao Helainne. "Pressure-induced disorder in bulk and nanometric SnO2." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1176/document.
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Les matériaux nanométriques ont fait l'objet d'un intérêt de recherche important car ils présentent de nouvelles propriétés physiques et chimiques par rapport aux échantillons massifs. En ce qui concerne les nanomatériaux, l'effet de taille et l'énergie de surface sont généralement invoqués, même si les concepts sous-jacents ne sont pas clairs. Dans cette thèse, la question principale à laquelle nous voulons répondre est : quels sont les principaux paramètres qui régissent la stabilité structurelle du SnO2 à l’échelle nanométrique sous haute pression comparé aux échantillons de SnO2 massifs ? La combinaison de la haute pression et de la taille des particules est particulièrement importante pour comprendre la structure de ces nanoparticules et l'effet des défauts et de l'énergie de surface sur leur stabilité de phase, car, en gardant la taille des particules constante, l'augmentation de la pression permettra l'exploration les paysages énergétiques du système. De plus, la pression et la taille sont deux paramètres qui peuvent être utilisés conjointement pour stabiliser les nouvelles phases. L'intérêt de l'étude des nanoparticules sous haute pression est au moins double : (i) acquérir une compréhension fondamentale de la thermodynamique lorsque l'énergie interfaciale devient de la même ampleur que l'énergie interne (ii) pour stabiliser de nouvelles structures potentiellement potentielles intérêt en tant que matériaux fonctionnels. Dans ce travail, nous avons utilisé la spectroscopie Raman comme principale méthode de caractérisation. Pour les échantillons de SnO2 massif, nous avons utilisé la théorie de la percolation pour expliquer la désordre « partiel » du sous-réseau oxygène qui apparaît lorsque la pression augmente, ce qu’on appelle désordre « partiel » induite par la pression. Et, en étudiant les nanoparticules de SnO2, nous avons utilisé des simulations ab initio pour expliquer l'apparition de ce type de désordre, cet à dire, le désordre du sous-réseau anionique lorsque la pression augmente. De cette façon, nous proposons d'obtenir une compréhension fondamentale du SnO2 massif et nanométrique, sous pressionNanosized materials have been the focus of an extensive interest research as they present new physical and chemical properties in comparison to their bulk equivalent. When dealing with nanomaterials, the size effect and the surface energy are generally invoked, even though the underlying concepts are not clear. In this thesis, the main question that we want to answer is: what are the main parameters which govern the structural stability at the SnO2 nanometric under high pressure in comparison to its bulk counterpart? The combination of high pressure and particle size is particularly important in order to understand the nanoparticle structure, and the effect of the defects and of the surface energy on phase stability. By maintaining the size of the particle constant, the pressure will allow the energy landscapes of the system to be explored. In addition, pressure and size are two parameters that can be used conjointly in order to stabilize new phases. So, the interest of studying nanoparticles under the high-pressure is at least two-fold: (i) to gain a fundamental understanding of thermodynamics when the interfacial energy reaches the same magnitude as the internal energy (ii) to stabilize new structures that may have potential interest as functional materials. In this work, we used Raman spectroscopy as the main characterization method. In the study of SnO2 bulk samples, we used percolation to explain the “partial” disorder of the oxygen sublattice which appears in the powders when the pressure increases; and for studying SnO2 nanoparticles, we used ab initio simulations to explain the appearance of this kind of disorder, i.e. the anionic sublattice disorder in SnO2 nanoparticle samples. In this way, we propose to obtain a fundamental understanding of SnO2 bulk and nanoparticles under pressure
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Večeřa, Jiří. "Výroba unášecího čepu objemovým tvářením." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230548.
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This thesis deals with a proposal of a technology for manufacturing a carrier pin made of corrosion resistant chrome steel 17 021.3. Having studied the information about cold bulk-metal forming in the available literature, I have suggested two variants of manufacturing processes. The suggested manufacturing variants consist of four forming operations which combine upsetting and extrusion. As far as the chosen variant is concerned, there have been made technological and strength calculations for the individual operations. As regards the designed technology, I have opted for the automatic multistation forming machine TPZK 25, produced by the company ŠMERAL Brno.
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Corsetti, Stella. "Optical and spectroscopic analysis of phase transitions in the bulk and aerosols of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and their ethanol blends." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230611.
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This thesis reports the investigation of liquid-to-gas and liquid-to-solid phase transitions of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and their ethanol blends, both in the bulk phase and as single droplets. The key point has been to develop an understanding of the fuels' macroscopic behavior by studying them at the molecular and at the single droplet level. A key work in this thesis is the investigation of different ratio ethanol/gasoline blends at the molecular level. At the macroscopic level, the vapor pressure, and hence the evaporation of the blends, is influenced by the strength of intermolecular interactions. Thus, information on the molecular interactions between ethanol and gasoline are inferred by using IR and excess IR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data suggest that the hydrogen bonding between ethanol molecules is weakened upon gasoline addition, but the hydrogen bonds do not disappear. This can be explained by a formation of small ethanol clusters that interact via Van der Waals forces with the surrounding gasoline molecules. In addition, Raman spectroscopy is performed on the same blends, and the Raman spectra are compared with the IR ones. Two different approaches for data evaluation, with the scope of determining the ethanol content in the blends, are tested and compared: Firstly, the calibration of the intensity ratio of characteristic peaks as function of composition; secondly, a principal component regression (PCR). Both methods are found to have comparable uncertainty. For the evaluation of the Raman spectra, the PCR method yielded better accuracy than the intensity ratio approach. In addition, a detailed investigation of the influence of noise in the signal is presented. When the full IR spectra were evaluated by PCR, even high noise levels did not reduce the measurement accuracy significantly. Later, with the aim of studying the evaporation dynamics of fuel blends, at the single droplet level, electrodynamic balance (EDB) and optical tweezers are used to trap ethanol/gasoline droplets, containing different ethanol percentages. A longer lifetime is observed for droplets containing a greater fraction of ethanol. In order to explain the experimental evaporation trends obtained, a theoretical model is used to predict the evaporation rates of pure ethanol and pure gasoline droplets in dry nitrogen gas. Also a theoretical estimation of the saturation of the environment, with other aerosols, in the tweezers is carried out. Lastly, the liquid-to-solid phase transition of some long chain alkanes, commonly present in diesel or gasoline, is investigated both at the molecular and at the single droplet level. Firstly, by using Raman spectroscopy the solidification of these hydrocarbons in the bulk phase is observed. Distinctive features associating the solid even hydrocarbons to a triclinic structure and the odd ones to an orthorhombic structure can be observed in the spectra. Secondly, the liquid-to-solid phase transition of single hydrocarbons droplets is investigated. Freezing time and surface area resulted to be inversely proportional in dodecane droplets. This might suggest a surface freezing mechanism. Furthermore, differences in the scattering patterns, depending on the freezing mechanism, are pointed out. Droplets freezing homogeneously show a different scattering pattern with respect to droplets that froze heterogeneously.
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Cardoso, Adilson Silva. "Design and characterization of BiCMOS mixed-signal circuits and devices for extreme environment applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53099.
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State-of-the-art SiGe BiCMOS technologies leverage the maturity of deep-submicron silicon CMOS processing with bandgap-engineered SiGe HBTs in a single platform that is suitable for a wide variety of high performance and highly-integrated applications (e.g., system-on-chip (SOC), system-in-package (SiP)). Due to their bandgap-engineered base, SiGe HBTs are also naturally suited for cryogenic electronics and have the potential to replace the costly de facto technologies of choice (e.g., Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs) and Indium-Phosphide (InP)) in many cryogenic applications such as radio astronomy. This work investigates the response of mixed-signal circuits (both RF and analog circuits) when operating in extreme environments, in particular, at cryogenic temperatures and in radiation-rich environments. The ultimate goal of this work is to attempt to fill the existing gap in knowledge on the cryogenic and radiation response (both single event transients (SETs) and total ionization dose (TID)) of specific RF and analog circuit blocks (i.e., RF switches and voltage references). The design approach for different RF switch topologies and voltage references circuits are presented. Standalone Field Effect Transistors (FET) and SiGe HBTs test structures were also characterized and the results are provided to aid in the analysis and understanding of the underlying mechanisms that impact the circuits' response. Radiation mitigation strategies to counterbalance the damaging effects are investigated. A comprehensive study on the impact of cryogenic temperatures on the RF linearity of SiGe HBTs fabricated in a new 4th-generation, 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology is also presented.
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Goss, Sarah. "Both Ends of the Leash: Pit Bull Ownership and Activism in Atlanta, Georgia." 2015. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/99.
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This thesis follows and examines the lives of people in Atlanta, Georgia who own and advocate for the controversial group of dog breeds and mixed breeds known as “pit bulls.” The greater meaning of pit bulls within the United States is also considered from a historical and anthropological lens. This thesis uses pit bulls as a medium to explore issues of race, gender, and stigma in the United States and to consider how pit bull owners and activists use their understanding of the public around them to change ideas surrounding their dogs.
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"What's in a Name: Effect of Breed Perceptions & Labeling on Attractiveness, Adoptions & Length of Stay for Pit-Bull-Type Dogs." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.30061.
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abstract: Previous research has indicated that certain breeds of dogs stay longer in shelters than others; however exactly how breed perception and identification influences potential adopters' decisions remains unclear. Current dog breed identification practices in animal shelters are often based upon information supplied by the relinquishing owner, or staff determination based on the dog's phenotype. However discrepancies have been found between breed identification as typically assessed by welfare agencies and the outcome of DNA analysis. In Study 1, the perceived behavioral and adoptability characteristics of a pit-bull-type dog were compared with those of a Labrador Retriever and Border Collie. How the addition of a human handler influenced those perceptions was also assessed. In Study 2, lengths of stay and perceived attractiveness of dogs that were labeled as pit bull breeds to dogs that were phenotypically similar but were labeled as another breed at an animal shelter were compared. The latter dogs were called "lookalikes." In Study 3, perceived attractiveness in video recordings of pit-bull-type dogs and lookalikes with and without breed labels were compared. Lastly, data from an animal shelter that ceased applying breed labeling on kennels was analyzed, and lengths of stay and outcomes for all dog breeds, including pit bulls, before and after the change in labeling practice were compared. In total, these findings suggest that breed labeling influences potential adopters' perceptions and decision-making. Given the inherent complexity of breed assignment based on morphology coupled with negative breed perceptions, removing breed labels is a relatively low-cost strategy that will likely improve outcomes for dogs in animal shelters.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2015
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Fauteux, Véronique. "Prédiction de la violation d’un seuil de 400 000 cellules/mL au réservoir de lait à l’aide du portrait et de la dynamique de santé du pis des troupeaux laitiers québécois." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11558.
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Avec la mise en place de la nouvelle limite maximale de 400 000 cellules somatiques par millilitres de lait (c/mL) au réservoir, le mois d’août 2012 a marqué une étape importante en termes de qualité du lait pour les producteurs de bovins laitiers du Canada. L’objectif de cette étude consistait en l’établissement d’un modèle de prédiction de la violation de cette limite au réservoir à l’aide des données individuelles et mensuelles de comptages en cellules somatiques (CCS) obtenues au contrôle laitier des mois précédents. Une banque de donnée DSA comprenant 924 troupeaux de laitiers québécois, en 2008, a été utilisée pour construire un modèle de régression logistique, adapté pour les mesures répétées, de la probabilité d’excéder 400 000 c/mL au réservoir. Le modèle final comprend 6 variables : le pointage linéaire moyen au test précédent, la proportion de CCS > 500 000 c/mL au test précédent, la production annuelle moyenne de lait par vache par jour, le nombre de jours en lait moyen (JEL) au test précédent ainsi que les proportions de vaches saines et de vaches infectées de manière chronique au test précédant. Le modèle montre une excellente discrimination entre les troupeaux qui excèdent ou n’excèdent pas la limite lors d’un test et pourrait être aisément utilisé comme outil supplémentaire de gestion de la santé mammaire à la ferme.August 2012 represents an in important step in terms of milk quality for the Canadian bovine dairy producers because the upper tolerance limit for bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) was lowered to 400 000 somatic cells per millilitre (c/mL). The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model of exceeding the BTSCC limit based on monthly individuals somatic cell count (SCC) measures obtained in the previous months. A database including DHI data from the year 2008 of 924 dairy herds in Québec, Canada was used. A logistic regression model for repeated measures was constructed. The final model included 6 variables related to monthly individual cow somatic cell count: mean individual linear score at the previous test, proportion of cows over 500 000 cells/mL at the previous test, mean herd annual daily milk production per cow, average days in milk at the previous test, proportion of healthy cows at previous test, proportion of chronic cows at previous test. The model has excellent discrimination between herd that exceeded and herd that did not exceed 400 000 cells/mL and can be use to advise dairy producers of impending risks of exceeding the BTSCC limit.