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Journal articles on the topic 'Pit depth'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wang, Yan, Yongjun Zhang, Mingfei Li, Yi Qi, and Tianhui Ma. "A Numerical Investigation of the Deformation Mechanism of a Large Metro Station Foundation Pit under the Influence of Hydromechanical Processes." Geofluids 2021 (March 11, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5536137.

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Considering the unique conditions of deep and large subway foundation pit excavation affected by heavy rainfall in soil-rock composite strata, this paper employs finite element numerical simulation methods to study foundation pit instability under the influence of heavy rainfall. According to the hydraulic coupling conditions caused by rainfall, a fluid-solid coupling numerical model for a deep and large subway foundation pit in soil-rock composite strata is established in this paper. By selecting the Anshan road station of Qingdao subway line 4 as the engineering background, various parameter

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2

Qian, Tian Ping, Xiao Nan Gong, and Ying Li. "Analysis of Braced Excavation with Pit-in-Pit Based on Orthogonal Experiment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4549.

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In order to study the supporting structure under different distances between inner pit-in-pit and foundation pit, width and depth of pit-in-pit and general excavation depth of external foundation pit, PLAXIS is adopted to simulate the whole process of pit-in-pit excavation in a foundation pit of Shanghai. The factors which influence wall deflection are analyzed using orthogonal experimental design software. The results show that the factors which influence deformation of pit-in-pit and supporting structure of foundation pit are sorted with range value or sensitivity descending: depth of pit-in

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3

Lin, Ming Qiang, Feng Juan Dai, and Shi Yan Song. "The Mechanical Performance Degradation of Steels Effected by Corrosion." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.519.

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Corrosion of the steel affects seriously its mechanical performance. Based on the finite element methods, strength tensile properties of corroded steel were studied. Pit shapes and pit depths, pit locations, etc on the mechanical behavior of steel were studied mainly. Pit depth is major cause of produce rust steel mechanical performance degradation, because there is an obvious stress concentration phenomenon around pit, cause steel mechanics performance degraded significantly. Pit shapes and lengths may also be affected steel mechanical properties.

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4

Smith, Savanna K., Benjamin B. Risk, Rochelle H. Holm, et al. "Microbial community function and bacterial pathogen composition in pit latrines in peri-urban Malawi." PLOS Water 2, no. 10 (2023): e0000171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000171.

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Despite the widespread global reliance on pit latrines as improved sanitation systems, the decomposition of waste within pit latrines is poorly understood. One area needing elucidation is the characterization and function of microbial communities within pit latrines. To address this gap, we characterized the microbial communities of 55 lined pit latrines at three sampling layers from two communities in peri-urban Malawi. The microbial communities of the fecal sludge samples were analyzed for beta diversity, pathogen presence, and functional profiling. Household surveys were conducted and used

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5

Afanas'ev, A. M., M. N. Babaitsev, A. V. Krayshkin, and A. V. Kubarev. "Iodine pit depth in LBWRs." Soviet Atomic Energy 71, no. 3 (1991): 780–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01123804.

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6

Alipour, S., and Hassan Farhangi. "Effects of Simulated Pit Distribution Parameters on Tensile Properties of a Structural Steel Plate." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.537.

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Degradation of tensile properties resulting from geometrical discontinuities due to localized pitting is usually evaluated in terms of the reduced section thickness associated with pit geometry which lowers the load carrying capacity of the structure. However, the effects of finer parameters associated with pit distributions such as pit area percent (PAP) are not usually taken into account. In this research, the effects of spacing, depth and PAP on tensile properties of a structural steel are investigated. Simulated pit distributions were produced on the gage sections of flat tensile specimens

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7

Valor, A., F. Caleyo, L. Alfonso, J. C. Velázquez, and J. M. Hallen. "Markov Chain Models for the Stochastic Modeling of Pitting Corrosion." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/108386.

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The stochastic nature of pitting corrosion of metallic structures has been widely recognized. It is assumed that this kind of deterioration retains no memory of the past, so only the current state of the damage influences its future development. This characteristic allows pitting corrosion to be categorized as a Markov process. In this paper, two different models of pitting corrosion, developed using Markov chains, are presented. Firstly, a continuous-time, nonhomogeneous linear growth (pure birth) Markov process is used to model external pitting corrosion in underground pipelines. A closed-fo

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8

Long, Zhao, Yilei Shi, Weili Li, and Shuaihua Ye. "Soil Pressure and Deformation Analysis of Small Size Deep Foundation Pit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2148, no. 1 (2022): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2148/1/012061.

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Abstract In this paper, the influence of space effect on soil pressure and deformation of deep foundation pit was considered, and the finite soil pressure calculation model was established. The soil pressure of deep foundation pit was calculated by assuming the slip surface and using the finite soil limit equilibrium theory. Then, PLAXIS 3D finite element software was used to establish finite element models of different plane sizes and depths. The distribution regulation of side wall soil pressure and deformation of deep foundation pit was calculated. Finally, the results of finite soil pressu

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9

Liu, Yiao, Changming Wang, Xiaoyang Liu, Ruiyuan Gao, Bailong Li, and Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan. "Determination of Embedded Depth of Soldier Piles in Pile-Anchor Supporting System in Granite Residual Soil Area." Geofluids 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518233.

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Reasonable depth of pile embedment is one of the key factors for the success of deep foundation pit projects. This paper has taken a deep foundation pit project in a granite residual soil area in Shenzhen as an example and used physical model tests to study the deformation law of the piles and the surrounding soil during the excavation of the deep foundation pit, revealing the variation law of earth pressure in time and space in the pit and then verified it by numerical simulation. The influence of the embedded depth of the pile on the deformation and earth pressure of the deep foundation pit

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10

Shumakov, I., V. Basanskyi, Yu Fursov, S. Bratishko, and O. Savchenko. "DETERMINATION OF THE IMPACT ZONE OF ENABLING WORKS OF A NEW CONSTRUCTION ON THE SURROUNDING BUILDINGS." Scientific Bulletin of Building 1, no. 109 (2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2311-7257.2023.109.1.3.

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For modern urban construction in the compacted conditions of new sites, the question of the stability of soil massifs under existing buildings is relevant. The intensity of development of possible deformations largely depends on the mutual location of the base of the previously erected foundation and the pit for the new building. The article provides a methodology for determining the area of influence of the pit on the soil foundations of adjacent buildings, depending on the type of enclosing structures and the depth of the pit used. The impact zone was calculated for the pit using protective

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11

Zhou, Song, Li Hui, Liang Xu, Yu Tong Guo, and Shao Hua Ma. "The Relationship of High Strength Aluminum Alloy Corrosion Behavior and Corrosion Environment." Advanced Materials Research 904 (March 2014): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.904.86.

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The aim of this article is to research the characteristics of corrosion pit on 2xxx aluminum alloys in different environments (3.5wt% NaCl solution, water in fuel tank and wet air). Measure the area of corrosion pit, the depth of corrosion pit in different environments. The results show that in 3.5wt% NaCl solution: the initiation of surface corrosion pits mainly occur in 24h, with time increasing ,the depth of corrosion pit rises indistinctively; in water in fuel tank : during 24h-120h, with the extension of corrosion time, the maximum depth of corrosion pits changed a little, the maximum cor

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12

Zhuravlev, A. G., I. A. Glebov, and V. V. Chernykh. "Behaviour pattern of rock mass haulage energy intensity in deep pits." Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) 8, no. 1 (2023): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2022-09-12.

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A significant portion of mineral deposits developed by open-pit mining is opened to the full depth by road transport ramps without the use of combined transport. In most cases, this is dictated by the high rate of a pit deepening and multi-stage development. In this study, the energy intensity of rock mass (RoM) haulage from the working zone of a pit to the surface is considered at several hierarchical levels. Mineframe software was used to study 3D-models of open pits with different slope angles in order to test the method of analytical calculation of a pit volume that allowed ensuring accura

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13

Belahadji, B., J. P. Franc, and J. M. Michel. "A Statistical Analysis of Cavitation Erosion Pits." Journal of Fluids Engineering 113, no. 4 (1991): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2926539.

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An optical interferometric technique has been used to determine the 3-D shape of cavitation erosion pits. The method which is particularly suitable to the determination of pit diameter and pit depth is used for a statistical analysis of cavitation erosion pits. We analyzed numerous samples which were eroded at various velocities with two different fluids (mercury and water) on two geometrically similar venturi test sections of different length scales. General properties of histograms of pit size are pointed out. The influence of flow velocity on pitting rates corresponding to limited ranges of

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14

Saeed, Hasan, Robin Vancoillie, Farid Mehri Sofiani, and Wim De Waele. "Mode I Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for Cracks Emanating from a Semi-Ellipsoidal Pit." Materials 17, no. 19 (2024): 4777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17194777.

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In linear elastic fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor describes the magnitude of the stress singularity near a crack tip caused by remote stress and is related to the rate of fatigue crack growth. The literature lacks SIF solutions for cracks emanating from a three-dimensional semi-ellipsoidal pit. This study undertakes a comprehensive parametric investigation of the Mode I stress intensity factor (KI) concerning cracks originating from a semi-ellipsoidal pit in a plate. This work utilizes finite element analysis, controlled by Python scripts, to conduct an extensive study on the e

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15

Engelhardt, G., and D. D. Macdonald. "Deterministic Prediction of Pit Depth Distribution." CORROSION 54, no. 6 (1998): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3284875.

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16

Shi, Jinjiang, Bo Wu, Yi Liu, et al. "Analysis of the influence of groundwater seepage on the deformation of deep foundation pit with suspended impervious curtain." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 3 (2022): 168781322210851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221085128.

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Taking the deep foundation pit of a metro station with rich water environment as the research background, a three-dimensional model of seepage-stress coupling is established. Numerical simulation is used to study the deformation process and influencing factors of deep foundation pit dewatering and excavation of the station, and the influence of dfferent pre-dewatering conditions and different depths of the water-stop curtain on the deformation of the foundation pit is analyzed. The results show that during the dewatering and excavation of foundation pits, seepage-stress has an obvious coupling

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17

Sarveshwar. "Physical properties of farmyard manure at different depths of manure pit." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 2 (2022): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.2/717-720.

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Farmyard manure refers to the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm animals along with litter and left over material from roughages or fodder fed to the cattle. On an average well composted farmyard manure contains 0.5 per cent N, 0.2 per cent P2O5 and 0.5 per cent K2O (Reddy, 2005). Farmyard manure is the nutrient enriched organic manure used for agriculture in order to increase the fertility of soil. The manure consist of dung, urine, and fodder waste. The main purpose of this research was to examine the physical properties like viz.,bulk density, moisture content, angle of repose, an

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18

Shekhar, Gargi, Satybhan Singh, Ramesh Pal, and Himanshu Trivedi. "Study on Attributes of Farm Yard Manure for Paddle Operated Mechanical Applicator." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.018.

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Farm yard manure has a great diversity characterized for storage and application. Moisture content, bulk density, dry matter content, angle of repose and angle of friction are the major characteristics which are related to the performance of manure spreader. A study was carried out to determine different frictional as well as physical attributes of farm yard manure at laboratory of MCAT at Maya Group of colleges, Dehradun. The Physical attributes of farm yard manure were determined at different depth of manure pit. The size of pit was calculated as 300 cm × 90 cm × 75 cm. The different depths

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19

Hu, Shengbin, Tianzhong Zhou, Youxin Zhong, et al. "Influence Law of Foundation Pit Excavation on Stress of Surrounding Tunnel Bolt." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (2022): 11479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211479.

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Due to the existence of a tunnel next to the foundation pit, the soil surrounding the foundation pit deforms into the foundation pit due to the excavation unloading during the process of foundation pit excavation, which causes the deformation of the tunnel. The supporting structure of the tunnel can ensure the deformation stability of the tunnel, so it is necessary to study the stress of the tunnel bolt supporting structure caused by the excavation of the foundation pit. In this paper, the numerical simulation method was adopted to study the influence of the distance between the foundation pit

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20

Wang, Ke, Mobin Salasi, and Mariano Iannuzzi. "(Digital Presentation) Progress Towards the Key Factors Governing Pit Stability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 11 (2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0211708mtgabs.

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The pit stability product—defined as the product of pit depth and dissolution current density (x·i)—was first introduced by Galvele as the criterion indicating the conditions that sustain a critically acidic solution within the pit. The one-dimensional (1D) electrode is the most commonly used experimental configuration for determining the pit solution chemistry and pit stability product. In our current works, a ‘sandwich’ like 1D pit electrode was developed, which enabled the in-situ and ex-situ visualization of pit depth. A methodology that avoids lacy cover formation was proposed to pre-diss

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21

Zhanjun, Huang, Zou Yi, Ding Haibin, Liang Xinhuan, Zhu Bitang, and Jiang Yalong. "Study on the Influence of Excavation Unloading on Pile Depth in Sandy Soil." Geofluids 2022 (July 28, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7808376.

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With the development of urban construction, uplift pile has been widely used in underground structure bearing buoyancy. The pile is buried deep underground, and the foundation pit is excavated on the pile foundation, the stress redistribution of the soil after the foundation pit excavation will reduce the lateral stress of the pile at the bottom of the pit, resulting in the reduction of friction resistance, but this effect is limited to a certain depth at the bottom of the foundation pit. Referring to the unloading influence depth corresponding to the vertical unloading coefficient in the spri

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22

Guo, Fang. "Numerical Simulation Analysis on Vertical Displacement of Step Excavation in Foundation Pit Project." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1201.

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In order to study the vertical displacement distribution of foundation pit in the process of step-by-step excavation, combined with a foundation pit project, numerical simulation analysis with finite element software was carried in the research. The results show that: in the process of excavation, the maximum settlement of soil outside the pit is 41.4 mm, which is 2.95 ‰ of pit excavation depth and conforms to the recommended value in specifications. The maximum vertical displacement of soil at the bottom of foundation pit is in the center of pit. Its value is gradually increasing with the exc

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23

Georges, Mariana, and Gerald S. Frankel. "Determination of E _crit Using 1-D Pit Approach and Its Relationship to the Repassivation Potential of 3-D Pits." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 15 (2024): 1615. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02151615mtgabs.

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Localized corrosion is a major concern in industry, as it can compromise components made from corrosion-resistant alloys, ultimately leading to failures, reduction in the lifetime of equipment, downtime in production, and safety issues. Understanding the mechanisms underlying pitting corrosion is paramount to minimizing this form of attack and developing mitigation approaches. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) is a common electrochemical test used to evaluate the susceptibility of materials to pitting corrosion. An important parameter that can be extracted from this technique is the re

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24

Wen, Xin, and Chen Rui Pang. "Influence of Foundation Pit Excavation on Existing Shield Tunnel and its Protection Range." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1258.

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Taking a foundation pit in Nanjing as the background, a numerical model was established to simulate the dynamic process of foundation excavation by 2D finite element software. The influences of different factors on the displacement of the lateral shield tunnel during the foundation pit excavation are studied. The research indicates: when a foundation pit excavation is needed on the side of a shield tunnel, we should select the area in which the tunnel is buried deeper, control both the excavation volume and the distance between tunnel and pit, and try to avoid the excavation depth close to the

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25

Mei, Yuan, Dongbo Zhou, Xueyan Wang, et al. "Deformation Law of the Diaphragm Wall during Deep Foundation Pit Construction on Lake and Sea Soft Soil in the Yangtze River Delta." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682921.

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So far, there have been a large number of diaphragm walls in the Yangtze River Delta as engineering examples of deep foundation pit maintenance structures in subway stations, but there is a lack of systematic research and summary on the deformation characteristics of ground connecting walls. This study aimed to clarify the deformation law of the diaphragm wall during the excavation of a deep foundation pit in a soft soil region. Based on the monitoring data of the diaphragm wall of the deep foundation pit of the Hangzhou metro station, the monitoring data of the deep foundation pits of 15 subw

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26

Khodabux, Waseem, and Feargal Brennan. "Objective Analysis of Corrosion Pits in Offshore Wind Structures Using Image Processing." Energies 14, no. 17 (2021): 5428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175428.

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Corrosion in the marine environment is a complex mechanism. One of the most damaging forms of corrosion is pitting corrosion, which is difficult to design and inspect against. In the North Sea, multiple offshore wind structures have been deployed that are corroding from the inside out. One of the most notable corrosion mechanisms observed is pitting corrosion. This study addresses the lack of information both in the literature and the industry standards on the pitting corrosion profile for water depth from coupons deployed in the North Sea. Image processing was therefore conducted to extract t

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27

Kudrevatykh, Andrey, Andrey Furman, and Andrey Ashcheulov. "Road longitudinal slope influence on the efficiency of excavator-automobile complexes usage." E3S Web of Conferences 315 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131501022.

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At present, the country's coal industry pays special attention to the open-pit mining, because of its higher efficiency and profitability. According to various surveys, currently the share of open-pit mining is 50 - 65%, and it will increase to 80 - 85% in the future. The development of an open-pit mining is accompanied by production scale increase, open pits depth increases and complexity of mining conditions of main technological equipment operation increases. With the increase of open pits depth, technological road transport becomes the most problematic issue in mining, since open-pit depth

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28

Li, Da, Shukai Cheng, Ningyi Liu, Zhongxin Liu, and Yinghao Sun. "Numerical Simulation Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation Seepage Field in Water-Rich Ultra-Thick Sand and Gravel Layer." Water 15, no. 21 (2023): 3720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15213720.

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The distribution characteristics of a seepage field generated by precipitation affects the deformation damage of the geological body and engineering geological stability, especially a seepage field with a water-rich ultra-thick sand and gravel layer. In order to study the seepage field distribution characteristics of a water-rich ultra-thick sand and gravel layer, taking Luoyang Metro Line 1 as the engineering background, combined with the actual monitoring data of on-site precipitation, numerical simulation was used to study the seepage characteristics of the pit project precipitation with a

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29

Pieters, Roger, William Coedy, Ken I. Ashley, and Gregory A. Lawrence. "Artificial circulation of a mine pit lake." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 42, no. 1 (2015): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0222.

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We describe the artificial circulation (destratification) of a pit lake at the Colomac mine site, 220 km north of Yellowknife, NWT, Canada. The pit lake, with a surface area of 17 ha and depth of 110 m, contained relatively saline water contaminated with the mining-related cyanide by-products, thiocyanate and ammonia. As a result of snow and ice melt, the pit lake was intermittently meromictic and cycling of contaminants through the oxygenated surface layer would have taken many years. To accelerate the oxidation process, the pit was artificially circulated using two air diffusers at a depth o

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30

Zhang, Xingsheng, Mengke Hu, Xing Chen, Jinyu Dong, and Shipeng Liu. "Research on Subsidence Induced by the Dewatering–Curtain Interaction in the Deep Foundation Pit of the Shield Launching Shaft in Shenzhen, China." Water 15, no. 9 (2023): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15091798.

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The waterproof curtain plays an important role in the dewatering of a deep foundation pit. Recognition of the depth of the waterproof curtain inserted into the confined aquifer at different depths may help control ground subsidence due to dewatering, but subsidence analysis of the interaction between dewatering and the waterproof curtain requires further study. In this study, we mainly analyze the relationship between ground subsidence and dewatering based on the shield shaft pit of the Qianhai-Nanshan deep tunnel project in Shenzhen. Our numerical simulation results show that the ground subsi

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31

Capone, Drew, Petros Chigwechokha, Francis L. de los Reyes, et al. "Impact of sampling depth on pathogen detection in pit latrines." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (2021): e0009176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009176.

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Wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) is increasingly used to provide decision makers with actionable data about community health. WBE efforts to date have primarily focused on sewer-transported wastewater in high-income countries, but at least 1.8 billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) use onsite sanitation systems such as pit latrines and septic tanks. Like wastewater, fecal sludges from such systems offer similar advantages in community pathogen monitoring and other epidemiological applications. To evaluate the distribution of enteric pathogens inside pit latrines–which cou

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32

Wang, Xin. "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of the Stability of Gravity Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.292.

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Gravity platform was widely used in the development of marginal oil field, but the existence of scour pit caused by the flow and wave increasing the possibility to overturn. The paper introduced the no depth contact interface element to simulate the nonlinear effect between the bucket skirt and soil, and introduced the birth-death element to simulate the increasing scour pit. The results provide guidance to prevent overturning.

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33

Robbins, JoAnn, and Patrick P. Moore. "Relationship of Fruit Morphology and Weight to Fruit Strength in `Meeker' Red Raspberry." HortScience 25, no. 6 (1990): 679–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.6.679.

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Fruit weight and morphological characteristics of `Meeker' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit, including drupelets (height, diameter, number), receptacle cavities (depth, diameter), and pits (individual weight) were measured five times in 1988. Fruit strength, as measured by compression, was recorded. The relationship of fro-it weight to fruit strength had linear and quadratic components. Fruit weight was correlated with fruit strength, drupelet height and number, receptacle cavity depth and diameter, and individual pit weight. Besides fruit weight, fruit strength was correlated with drupel

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34

Zheng, Jian Ming, Feng Yu Ren, and Lie Xian Tang. "Geomechanics Research with Critical Depth Prediction and Surface Subsidence Range Controlling." Advanced Materials Research 952 (May 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.952.155.

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Traditional subsidence range prediction by stagger angle doesn’t adapt to production situation in deep mining, the angle is usually large. Analyze the lateral support force of the moving bulk solid in the subsidence pit based on maintaining sidewall rock stability of subsidence pit. While bulk solid thickness of subsidence pit is not less than critical bulk solid column, the active pressure and passive pressure of bulk solid prevent the scaling of sidewall rock together. By analyzing the measured data of subsidence range of Xishimen mine, the height of critic bulk solid column relates to stabi

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35

Amosov, P. V., and A. A. Baklanov. "Numerical modeling of natural ventilation processes in an open pit mine at its various depths in inversion atmospheric conditions." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 5S/2023 (December 20, 2023): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2023-5s-65-71.

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The research objective is to assess the influence of the background stratification parameter and the depth of an open pit mine on the time of natural ventilation of the mine and the level of atmospheric pollution at the upper side of the pit downwind of blasting operations in conditions of the North. An aerothermodynamic model of the atmosphere was used, in which the equations of dynamics in the approximation of incompressible fluid were supplemented with the heat transfer equation, and the buoyancy and background stratification mechanisms were taken into account. The model was created in a ge

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36

Yan, Xiaowei, Yuchi Hao, Ruipeng Zhang, and Jiachen Zeng. "Model test study on dredging under high pile wharf." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 10, no. 1 (2024): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.10.1.327.2024.

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In this paper, based on the dredging project of the soil under the high pile wharf, the study of the point suction desilting process under the wharf is carried out through the laboratory model test. The law of the change of mud equivalent concentration with time at different desilting depths is obtained, and the relationship and prediction curve of the change of desilting aging with the desilting depth are given. The test results show that in the horizontal direction, the diameter to depth ratio of the return pit is basically between 1.8-2.6, which is about 70% larger than the previous researc

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37

Wu, Jiangpeng, Junping Yu, Fuguan Fang, et al. "Impact of Excavation on Adjacent Elevated Bridges and Optimization Analysis of Deformation Control." Buildings 14, no. 10 (2024): 3197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14103197.

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Based on the deep foundation pit project of the TOD (Transit-Oriented Development) complex of the Shaoxing North High-speed Railway Station, the influence of different construction stages on the deformation and inclination rate of the adjacent elevated bridge and its variation law are studied through field measurement and numerical simulation. The construction process is optimized by the method of reinforcement outside the pit and adjustment of preloaded axial force, and the influence of distance on elevated bridges is summarized. The results show that with the excavation of the foundation pit

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ifeuzu, Ugwu Francis, and Prof Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka. "Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Faecal Sludge in Pit Latrines with Depth." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1, no. 1 (2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijee.a1803.051121.

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There is limited information about the characteristics of faecal sludges in ordinary pit latrines. Knowledge of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge from different layers of the pit apart from providing an indication of the nature of pit contents endeavoured to provide information and decision support for managing pit latrines during their normal lifespan. Therefore, this paper was aimed at investigating the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge samples to equip latrine owners with environmental and health implications of this sludge. Legisl

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39

ifeuzu, Ugwu Francis, and Prof Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka. "Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Faecal Sludge in Pit Latrines with Depth." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1, no. 1 (2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijee.a1803.051121.

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There is limited information about the characteristics of faecal sludges in ordinary pit latrines. Knowledge of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge from different layers of the pit apart from providing an indication of the nature of pit contents endeavoured to provide information and decision support for managing pit latrines during their normal lifespan. Therefore, this paper was aimed at investigating the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge samples to equip latrine owners with environmental and health implications of this sludge. Legisl

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40

Ugwu, Francis ifeuzu, and Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba. "Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Faecal Sludge in Pit Latrines with Depth." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) 1, no. 1 (2021): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijee.A1803.051121.

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Abstract:

There is limited information about the characteristics of faecal sludges in ordinary pit latrines. Knowledge of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge from different layers of the pit apart from providing an indication of the nature of pit contents endeavoured to provide information and decision support for managing pit latrines during their normal lifespan. Therefore, this paper was aimed at investigating the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge samples to equip latrine owners with environmental and health implications of this sludge. Legisl

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41

Zhang, Lixin, Simon Gill, Sivashangari Gnanasambandam, Maurizio Foresta, Jingzhe Pan, and Fan Li. "A Monte Carlo Model for Pitting Corrosion in Phosphor Bronze Tape Used in Underground Power Transmission Cables." CORROSION 76, no. 1 (2020): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3347.

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Life of underground oil-filled power transmission cables used with phosphor bronze tapes is greatly reduced by pitting corrosion and hence accurate prediction of the pit growth in these tapes becomes essential. In the present work, the probability distribution of corrosion pit depth on phosphor bronze tapes is calculated using probabilistic Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the measured pit depth distribution on samples of broken tapes which have been in service for about 50 y. This Monte Carlo simulation is performed on every stable pit that nucleates, propagates, and repassivates on

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42

Long, Zhao, Shuaihua Ye, Xiaohui Li, and Zhiyuan Guo. "Model Box Test and Numerical Simulation Analysis of Supporting Performance of Loess-Based Composite Slurry Soil Nailing Wall." Buildings 15, no. 12 (2025): 2090. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15122090.

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In this paper, the reinforced cement soil nailing support technology is adopted, and the soil nailing and surface layer of loess-based composite slurry are prepared by using loess and cement. A scale model box test is conducted to examine the changes in surface layer displacement and axial force in the soil nailing during excavation and loading. The step-by-step excavation process of the foundation pit, reinforced with a loess-based composite slurry soil nailing wall. It was simulated using ABAQUS finite element software (MATLAB R2022b). The results show that as the depth of the foundation pit

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43

Zou, Ji Nan, Bei Te Cai, and Hong Wei. "Influence of Deep Foundation Pit Construction to the Surrounding Buildings - Take a Foundation Pit in Haikou as Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.673.

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This paper takes example of a foundation pit in Haikou, analyzing the influence on the surrounding buildings in the course of the excavation depth, daily rainfall, foundation form of the building and other factors. The results show that the excavation depth and strong rainfall may lead large deformation of the surrounding buildings, and the deep foundation pit has obvious effect on surrounding building with shallow foundation. Therefore, those factors should be considered adequately in the design and construction of deep foundation pit

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Yu, Da Zhao, Wei Han, and Shu Yan Liu. "The Effects of Exfoliation Corrosion on Upper Wing Skins Structural Integrity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 151 (January 2012): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.151.19.

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Based on initial discontinuity state (IDS) of material, this paper presents a preliminary analytical model which was developed to evaluate the effect of exfoliation corrosion on the residual fatigue life of upper wing skins. A life prediction was then carried out using constant amplitude compression dominated loading for various exfoliation corrosion levels by AFGROW, and the prediction agreed reasonably with the available test data. The result suggest that exfoliation can be treated as a process zone located initially at a surface, and then at the base of an evolving general stress concentrat

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Shamsi, M., and M. Nehring. "Determination of the optimal transition point between a truck and shovel system and a semi-mobile in-pit crushing and conveying system." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 121, no. 9 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1564/2021.

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One of the most challenging aspects in semi-mobile in-pit crushing and conveying (SMIPCC) system design is determining the optimum depth at which to change from a purely truck-based haulage system to a conveyor-based haulage system. We used scenario analysis to determine the optimum transition depth between a truck and shovel (TS) system and a SMIPCC system. Traditional pit-limit algorithms were used to generate the final pit limit on a copper deposit, which was then divided into four pushbacks. The final operating pushbacks (phases) were designed for both TS and SMIPCC. The end depths for eac

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Zhang, Feng, Xin Wang, Rumin Teng, Xiaoguang Guo, and Yuanyou Wang. "Study on Stress Intensity Factor of the Pit-Crack Model for Portal Crane Girders." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (2023): 7621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097621.

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In shipbuilding gantry cranes in long-term service in the coastal humid salt-spray environment, the main beam is affected in many places by corrosion fatigue-formed corrosion pits, affecting the structural strength of the main beam. This paper focuses on the impact of corrosion-generated pits under the conditions of crack nucleation. Corrosion fatigue crack nucleation is a local damage evolution process and the stress intensity factor criterion is one of the critical conditions to discern whether a crack sprouts at the corrosion pit. This paper establishes a corrosion pit-crack model based on

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Li, Yang, Zhanguo Ma, Furong Gao, Peng Gong, Zhiqun Gong, and Kelong Li. "Deformation Characteristics of a Deep Subway Foundation Pit in Hard Rock Strata under a Delayed Supporting Condition." Shock and Vibration 2023 (October 12, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5155504.

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In this investigation, deformations of a deep foundation pit in hard rock strata, respectively, under delayed and in-time supporting schemes of one-layer transverse reinforced concrete bracings at the top of the foundation pit, one-layer steel bracings at a depth of 8 m, and one-layer prestressed anchorages at a depth of 22.5 m during excavation were characterized according to lateral deformations of the foundation pit, settlements of the surrounding ground, and axial forces of the steel bracings according to numerical calculations and on-site monitoring. Numerical calculation results showed t

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Tian, Dongmei, Xiyao Wu, Jian Yao, et al. "Study on Dust Distribution Law in Open-Pit Coal Mines Based on Depth Variation." Atmosphere 16, no. 7 (2025): 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16070771.

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This study examines the influence mechanism of mining depth evolution on dust distribution, using the An Tai Bao open-pit coal mine as the research subject. A spatial coordinate system of the mining area was established utilizing a GIS positioning system, and high-resolution topographic data were extracted using Global Mapper. The research team developed a three-dimensional geological model updating algorithm with depth gradient as the characteristic parameter, enabling dynamic monitoring of mining depth with a model iteration accuracy of 0.5 m per update. A Fluent-based numerical simulation m

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Han, Wei, Genxiao Li, Zhaohui Sun, Hengjie Luan, Chuanzheng Liu, and Xianlong Wu. "Numerical Investigation of a Foundation Pit Supported by a Composite Soil Nailing Structure." Symmetry 12, no. 2 (2020): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12020252.

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In special geology conditions such as silt-soil, foundation pits are prone to instability and severe deformation. In this paper, a composite soil nailing structure was studied and its effect on a silt-soil symmetrical foundation pit investigated. The factors affecting the stability of the pit as well as its deformation characteristics were also explored. The results show that excavation depth of the foundation pit has a significant impact on its stability. The soil outside the foundation pit is in the form of a parabola, and the uplift of the soil mainly occurs at the bottom. The horizontal di

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Luo, Sheng. "Research and Application of Anti-floating Schemes of Deep Foundation Pit of Subway for Underwater Excavation and underwater concrete sealing." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504001.

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To implement deep foundation pit of subway construction with underground continuous wall adopting underwater excavation and waterproofing concrete bottom sealing curtain, the depth of bottom concrete must first meet the anti-floating requirements of the foundation pit. Since the elevation of the bottom slab of the station is certain, the thicker the sealing concrete, the deeper the excavation depth of the foundation pit, the greater the buoyancy of the water to be withstood, and eventually the thicker the sealing concrete, so the selection of foundation pit anti-floating scheme is very critica

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