Academic literature on the topic 'Pit design techniques, open pit mine planning'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pit design techniques, open pit mine planning"
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Carrizo, Daniel, Carlos Barros, and German Velasquez. "The Arsenic Fault-Pathfinder: A Complementary Tool to Improve Structural Models in Mining." Minerals 8, no. 9 (2018): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8090364.
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In a mining operation, the structural model is considered as a first-order data required for planning. During the start-up and in-depth expansion of an operation, whether the case is open-pit or underground, the structural model must be systematically updated because most common failure mechanisms of a rock mass are generally controlled by geological discontinuities. This update represents one of the main responsibilities for structural geologists and mine engineers. For that purpose, our study presents a geochemically-developed tool based on the tridimensional (3-D) distribution of arsenic concentrations, which have been quantified with a very high-density of blast-holes sampling points throughout an open pit operation. Our results show that the arsenic spatial distribution clearly denotes alignments that match with faults that were previously recognized by classical direct mapping techniques. Consequently, the 3-D arsenic distribution can be used to endorse the existence and even more the real persistence of structures as well as the cross-cutting relationships between faults. In conclusion, by linking the arsenic fault-pathfinder tool to direct on field fault mapping, it is possible to improve structural models at mine scale, focusing on geotechnical design and management, with a direct impact in the generation of safety mining activities.
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Joshi, Devendra, Marwan Ali Albahar, Premkumar Chithaluru, Aman Singh, Arvind Yadav, and Yini Miro. "A Novel Approach to Integrating Uncertainty into a Push Re-Label Network Flow Algorithm for Pit Optimization." Mathematics 10, no. 24 (2022): 4803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10244803.
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The standard optimization of open-pit mine design and production scheduling, which is impacted by a variety of factors, is an essential part of mining activities. The metal uncertainty, which is connected to supply uncertainty, is a crucial component in optimization. To address uncertainties regarding the economic value of mining blocks and the general problem of mine design optimization, a minimum-cut network flow algorithm is employed to give the optimal ultimate pit limits and pushback designs under uncertainty. A structure that is computationally effective and can manage the joint presentation and treatment of the economic values of mining blocks under various circumstances is created by the push re-label minimum-cut technique. In this study, the algorithm is put to the test using a copper deposit and shows similarities to other stochastic optimizers for mine planning that have already been created. Higher possibilities of reaching predicted production targets are created by the algorithm’s earlier selection of more certain blocks with blocks of high value. Results show that, in comparison to a conventional approach using the same algorithm, the cumulative metal output is larger when the uncertainty in the metal content is taken into consideration. There is also an additional 10% gain in net present value.
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Syaeful, Heri, and Dhatu Kamajati. "Analisis Karakteristik Massa Batuan di Sektor Lemajung, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat." EKSPLORIUM 36, no. 1 (2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2015.36.1.2768.
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Karakterisasi massa batuan diperlukan dalam suatu rancangan bukaan batuan, dimana perhitungan sifat-sifat teknis dari massa batuan menjadi hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan. Sektor Lemajung merupakan salah satu area prospek untuk penambangan uranium di Kalan, Kalimantan Barat. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan data karakteristik massa batuan yang merupakan data dasar bagi perencanaan pengembangan teknik penambangan cebakan bahan galian. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah dengan pengambilan contoh batuan untuk analisis laboratorium mekanika batuan, pengamatan rekahan, dan pengamatan kondisi airtanah. Parameter batuan yang dianalisis meliputi uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), rock quality designation (RQD), jarak rekahan, kondisi rekahan, dan airtanah. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa metalanau sebagai litologi yang mengandung uranium di Sektor Lemajung mempunyai nilai rock mass rating (RMR) sebesar 56 atau kelas massa batuan III: fair rock pada kedalaman sekitar 60 m, dan pada kedalaman 280 m nilai RMR mencapai 82 atau kelas massa batuan I: very good rock. Data nilai RMR tersebut selanjutnya dapat digunakan dalam analisis pembuatan terowongan pada model tambang bawah tanah atau analisis kestabilan lereng pada model tambang terbuka. Rock mass characterization is required in design of rock opening, which calculation of engineering characters of rock mass become one important parameter toconsider. Lemajung sector is one of prospect area for uranium mining in Kalan, West Kalimantan. Purpose of research is to acquire rock mass characteristicsas basic data for planning the development of mining technique of ore deposit. Methodology applied is rock sampling for rock mechanic laboratory analysis, observation of joints, and observation of groundwater condition. Rock parameters analyzed includes uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), rock quality designation (RQD), joint spacing, joint condition, and groundwater. Analysis concluded that metasiltstonewhich is lithology contained uranium in Lemajung Sector has rock mass rating (RMR) value of 56 or rock mass class III: fair rock in the depth of around 60 m, and in the depth of 280 m RMR value reach 82 or rock mass class I: very good rock. RMR value data furthermore could be used for analysis of tunneling in the model of underground mine or slope stability analysis in the model of open pit mine.
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Freitas, Sandro, Benevides Aires, Giorgio de Tomi, and Richardson Agra. "Risk Management Incorporated to Life-of-Mine Planning at Sossego Copper Mine, Carajás, Brazil." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.263.
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Open pit mine design and production scheduling deals with the quest for most profitable mining sequence over the life of a mine. The dynamics of mining ore and waste, and spatial grade uncertainty make predictions of the optimal mining sequence a challenging task. Valuation and related decision-making in surface mining require the assessment and management of orebody risk in the generation of a pit design and long term production scheduling. As the most profitable mining sequence over de life of a mine determines both economic outcome of a project and the technical plan to be followed from mine development to mine closure, the adverse effects of orebody risk on performance is critical and are documented in various studies. Ignoring such a consequential source of risk and uncertainty may lead to unrealistic production plans. This paper presented a set of procedures that enable mine planning engineers to carry out a series of analysis, which can be used to evaluate the sensitivity of incremental pit shells and pit designs to grade uncertainty. The results obtained from the analysis have shown to provide valuable information, which can be used to develop mining strategies that are risk resilient in relation to grade uncertainty. A real life application at Sossego copper mine ensure that such procedures are technically implementable, supporting decision-making as (a) in-fill drilling programs; (b) review of mining sequence; (c) identification of areas of upside potential and downside risk and (d) ore blending between mining areas in order to minimize the impact of high risk areas. The goal of this work is to provide an approach for clear risk analysis and management in mine planning cycle to various aspects of pit optimisation and design, resulting in more technically and economically sustainable life-of-mine production plans and mineral reserve depletion.
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Quelopana, Aldo, Javier Órdenes, Rodrigo Araya, and Alessandro Navarra. "Geometallurgical Detailing of Plant Operation within Open-Pit Strategic Mine Planning." Processes 11, no. 2 (2023): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020381.
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Mineral and metallurgical processing are crucial within the mineral value chain. These processes involve several stages wherein comminution is arguably the most important due to its high energy consumption, and its impact on subsequent extractive processes. Several geological properties of the orebody impact the efficiency of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy; scholars have therefore proposed to deal with the uncertain ore feed in terms of grades and rock types, incorporating operational modes that represent different plant configurations that provide coordinated system-wide responses. Even though these studies offer insights into how mine planning impacts the ore fed into the plant, the simultaneous optimization of mine plan and metallurgical plant design has been limited by the existing stochastic mine planning algorithms, which have only limited support for detailing operational modes. The present work offers to fill this gap for open-pit mines through a computationally efficient adaptation of a strategic mine planning algorithm. The adaptation incorporates a linear programming representation of the operational modes which forms a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, nested within a high-performing stochastic mine planning algorithm based on a variable neighborhood descent metaheuristic. Sample calculations are presented, loosely based on the Mount Isa deposit in Australia, in which a metallurgical plant upgrade is evaluated, showing that the upgraded design significantly decreases the requirement on the mining equipment, without significantly affecting the NPV.
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Yan, Xiao Ming, Zi Long Zhou, and Xi Bing Li. "Three-Dimensional Visual Modeling Technology and Application of Open Pit Mining Boundary." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.790.
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With mining depth and state-wide expansion in open pit mining, it is necessary to bulid a three-dimensional visual model of open pit mining boundary, which can be used in the analysis of pit slope stability, engineering decisions, geological analysis and production planning. In this paper, a three-dimensionla visual model reflecting the complex formation load and terrain conditions was built by collecting original open pit design and geological data. With this model, stability analysis of open pit can be obtained and theoretical basis for selection of design can be provided. In the specific prcess of modelling, the original information in the existing CAD mining topographic maps were be used fully and the mine topographic maps was imported into Surpac mining software. Surface digital terrain model can be obtained elevation assignmented by corrction processing of CAD linears and vector processing of measring point data. On this basis, by using MIDAS software and considering the requirements of the scope of computational space, a three-dimensional model can be obtained through Boolean cut operations. With this model, the real surface shape of open pit mining boundary can be reflected.
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Shi, Shuaihang, Zizheng Guo, Peng Ding, Yabin Tao, Hui Mao, and Zhichao Jiao. "Failure Mechanism and Stability Control Technology of Slope during Open-Pit Combing Underground Extraction: A Case Study from Shanxi Province of China." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (2022): 8939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148939.
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With the development of society, the demand for mineral resources is gradually increasing, and the current situation of decreasing total resources dictates the inevitable interaction between open-pit combing underground extraction (OPUG) in time and space. In this research, we took the Anjialing coal mine in Shanxi Province of China as a case study, and tested the physical and mechanical properties of coal rocks in the laboratory. The similarity criterion was used to build a similar experimental model for the deformation evolution of the slope of the open-pit mine section; the digital scattering method was used to test the influence of the underground mining process parameters on the deformation evolution of the open-pit slope. The results showed that there was an obvious distribution of “three zones” above the mining goaf, namely, a collapse zone, fracture zone, and slow subsidence zone. When the mining face was continuously advanced towards the bottom of the open pit, the supporting stress of the mining face transferred to the side of the open-pit slope. Additionally, large displacement and stress concentration were observed on the slope near the stoping line, which caused the slope body to move along the uppermost part of the slope first, and thereafter along the lower part. Various techniques for slope stability control are discussed, including the optimization of spatial and temporal relationships between open-pit and underground mining, the optimization of mining plans, and the use of monitoring and early warning systems. The results can provide a guide for slope stability control of similar open-pit mines in the process of mining coal resources.
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Shahbazi, M., G. Sohn, J. Théau, and P. Ménard. "UAV-BASED POINT CLOUD GENERATION FOR OPEN-PIT MINE MODELLING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1/W4 (August 26, 2015): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w4-313-2015.
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Along with the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), improvement of high-resolution cameras and development of vision-based mapping techniques, unmanned aerial imagery has become a matter of remarkable interest among researchers and industries. These images have the potential to provide data with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for three-dimensional (3D) modelling. In this paper, we present our theoretical and technical experiments regarding the development, implementation and evaluation of a UAV-based photogrammetric system for precise 3D modelling. This system was preliminarily evaluated for the application of gravel-pit surveying. The hardware of the system includes an electric powered helicopter, a 16-megapixels visible camera and inertial navigation system. The software of the system consists of the in-house programs built for sensor calibration, platform calibration, system integration and flight planning. It also includes the algorithms developed for structure from motion (SfM) computation including sparse matching, motion estimation, bundle adjustment and dense matching.
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Moldabayev, Serik, Bolatbek Rysbaiuly, Zhanat Sultanbekova, and Nurzhigit Sarybayev. "Methodological approach to creation of the 3D model of an oval-shaped open pit mine." E3S Web of Conferences 123 (2019): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301049.
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A 3D model of optimal contours phased development of oval-shaped open pit mines is proposed in the article. It is assumed that with enough accuracy the volumetric contour of the open pit mine is interpolated by an elongated elliptic hyperboloid. The calculation formulas for mineral resources are derived and optimal volumes of overburden are determined depending on the mining phase. In this case, the total number of mining phases is set in advance. The stripping ratio is used as a quality criterion of the optimization task. The problem of optimal control is solved using the Bellman function in dynamic programming. All the necessary calculation formulas are obtained in the final form by solving the optimization problem. Their simplicity and substantiation of each conclusion ensure that the results of this study can be successfully applied in practical calculations of the design and planning of mining operations in open pit mining.
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Liu, Mingqing, Jun Liu, Mengyang Zhen, et al. "A Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Bench Blast Performance in Open-Pit Mine." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (2020): 5398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165398.
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In blasting operation, some undesirable impacts, such as fly-rock, fragmentation, and back break, are induced. If the blasting design is not optimized, these mentioned impacts would reduce the blasting efficiency. To improve and optimize the blast design, blasting effect evaluation is essential. Due to the complexity of interactions among blasting parameters, empirical methods may not be appropriate for blast design optimization. A two-level mathematical model based on fuzzy mathematics, is proposed in this work. In total, 11 typical parameters were chosen and classified into three groups. The blasting effect is evaluated from three aspects, and then the comprehensive evaluation is given. A blasting effect evaluation system was developed based on the mentioned method on the platform of VC++. Some other techniques, such as image processing, were integrated into the system, which allowed for obtaining all of the parameters rapidly and conveniently. The system was applied in practical bench blast engineering. The results obtained from the system can provide effective information for the optimization of the next blast design.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pit design techniques, open pit mine planning"
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Giannini, Luciano Mario. "Optimum design of open pit mines." Thesis, Curtin University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1342.
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A fundamental problem in open pit mine planning is that of determining the optimum ultimate pit limits of the mine. These limits are that pit contour which is the result of extracting a volume of material which maximizes the difference between the value of extracted ore and the total extraction cost of ore and waste whilst satisfying certain practical operational requirements, such as. safe wall slopes. The determination of the optimum pit contour provides information which is essential in the evaluation of the economic potential of the mineral deposit.A number of optimization techniques have been proposed for determining the optimum pit contour. Of these techniques, those based on graph theory, linear programming and dynamic programming are mathematically rigorous, but only those based on graph theory are more suited to solving the three-dimensional problem. Unfortunately, direct application of these techniques to large ore- bodies may cause considerable difficulties because of the exceptionally high demand on computer storage and time requirements. Indeed, 25 years of research effort has not satisfactorily resolved these computational problems.A major contribution of the work presented in this thesis is the successful implementation of a system of techniques to solve the graph theoretic model, particularly when applied to large ore- bodies. A measure of this success is the fact that pits, as much as seven times larger may be designed with a given amount of computer storage, at a fraction of the time required by current software packages. The solution strategy presented involves the application of a modified Dinics Maximum Flow algorithm, together with an efficient data reducing technique. Computational results of these techniques applied on data from gold producing mines in Western Australia are used to demonstrate the success of this strategy.The relationships between the rigorous pit optimization techniques are also considered in this work. In particular, the Lerchs-Grossman graph-theoret ic method is shown to be stepwise equivalent to a modified version of the Dual-Simplex Linear Programming technique and not as efficient as the Network Flow method.
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Giannini, Luciano Mario. "Optimum design of open pit mines." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, 1990. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15490.
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A fundamental problem in open pit mine planning is that of determining the optimum ultimate pit limits of the mine. These limits are that pit contour which is the result of extracting a volume of material which maximizes the difference between the value of extracted ore and the total extraction cost of ore and waste whilst satisfying certain practical operational requirements, such as. safe wall slopes. The determination of the optimum pit contour provides information which is essential in the evaluation of the economic potential of the mineral deposit.A number of optimization techniques have been proposed for determining the optimum pit contour. Of these techniques, those based on graph theory, linear programming and dynamic programming are mathematically rigorous, but only those based on graph theory are more suited to solving the three-dimensional problem. Unfortunately, direct application of these techniques to large ore- bodies may cause considerable difficulties because of the exceptionally high demand on computer storage and time requirements. Indeed, 25 years of research effort has not satisfactorily resolved these computational problems.A major contribution of the work presented in this thesis is the successful implementation of a system of techniques to solve the graph theoretic model, particularly when applied to large ore- bodies. A measure of this success is the fact that pits, as much as seven times larger may be designed with a given amount of computer storage, at a fraction of the time required by current software packages. The solution strategy presented involves the application of a modified Dinics Maximum Flow algorithm, together with an efficient data reducing technique. Computational results of these techniques applied on data from gold producing mines in Western Australia are used to demonstrate the success of this strategy.The relationships ++<br>between the rigorous pit optimization techniques are also considered in this work. In particular, the Lerchs-Grossman graph-theoret ic method is shown to be stepwise equivalent to a modified version of the Dual-Simplex Linear Programming technique and not as efficient as the Network Flow method.
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Tipe, Luis Alberto Martinez. "Strategic project evaluation for open pit mining ventures using real options and allied econometric techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48334/1/Luis_Martinez_Thesis.pdf.
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Open pit mine operations are complex businesses that demand a constant assessment of risk. This is because the value of a mine project is typically influenced by many underlying economic and physical uncertainties, such as metal prices, metal grades, costs, schedules, quantities, and environmental issues, among others, which are not known with much certainty at the beginning of the project. Hence, mining projects present a considerable challenge to those involved in associated investment decisions, such as the owners of the mine and other stakeholders.
In general terms, when an option exists to acquire a new or operating mining project, , the owners and stock holders of the mine project need to know the value of the mining project, which is the fundamental criterion for making final decisions about going ahead with the venture capital. However, obtaining the mine project’s value is not an easy task. The reason for this is that sophisticated valuation and mine optimisation techniques, which combine advanced theories in geostatistics, statistics, engineering, economics and finance, among others, need to be used by the mine analyst or mine planner in order to assess and quantify the existing uncertainty and, consequently, the risk involved in the project investment.
Furthermore, current valuation and mine optimisation techniques do not complement each other. That is valuation techniques based on real options (RO) analysis assume an expected (constant) metal grade and ore tonnage during a specified period, while mine optimisation (MO) techniques assume expected (constant) metal prices and mining costs. These assumptions are not totally correct since both sources of uncertainty—that of the orebody (metal grade and reserves of mineral), and that about the future behaviour of metal prices and mining costs—are the ones that have great impact on the value of any mining project.
Consequently, the key objective of this thesis is twofold. The first objective consists of analysing and understanding the main sources of uncertainty in an open pit mining project, such as the orebody (in situ metal grade), mining costs and metal price uncertainties, and their effect on the final project value. The second objective consists of breaking down the wall of isolation between economic valuation and mine optimisation techniques in order to generate a novel open pit mine evaluation framework called the ―Integrated Valuation / Optimisation Framework (IVOF)‖. One important characteristic of this new framework is that it incorporates the RO and MO valuation techniques into a single integrated process that quantifies and describes uncertainty and risk in a mine project evaluation process, giving a more realistic estimate of the project’s value. To achieve this, novel and advanced engineering and econometric methods are used to integrate financial and geological uncertainty into dynamic risk forecasting measures.
The proposed mine valuation/optimisation technique is then applied to a real gold disseminated open pit mine deposit to estimate its value in the face of orebody, mining costs and metal price uncertainties.
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Puell, Ortiz Jorge. "Methodology for a dump design optimization in large-scale open pit mines." TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626612.
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Modern large-scale open pit mines move hundreds of thousands of tonnes of material daily, from the loading sources to the destination zones, whether these are massive mine dumps or, to a lesser extent, to the grinding mills. Mine dumps can be classified as leach or waste dumps, depending upon their economic viability to be processed in-place, a condition that has experienced great progress in the last decades and has reconfigured the open pit haulage network with an increase in the number of dumps. Therefore, new methods for dump design optimization are of the highest priority in mine planning management. This paper presents a methodology to model and optimize the design of a dump by minimizing the total haulage costs. The location and design of these dumps will be given mainly by the geological characteristics of the mineral, tonnage delivered, topographical conditions, infrastructure capital and transportation costs. Spatial and physical design possibilities, in addition, provide a set of parameters of mathematical and economic relationship that creates opportunities for modelling and thus facilitates the measurement and optimization of ultimate dump designs. The proposed methodology consists of: (1) Formulation of a dump model based on a system of equations relying on multiple relevant parameters; (2) Solves by minimizing the total cost using linear programming and determines a "preliminary" dump design; (3) Through a series of iterations, changes the "preliminary" footprint by projecting it to the topography and creates the ultimate dump design. Finally, an application for a waste rock dump illustrates this methodology.
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Hölck, Teuber Carlos Javier. "Open pit geomechanics and mine planning integration: design & economic assessment of a subsurface slope deformation monitoring campaign." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/141034.
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Magíster en Minería. Ingeniero Civil de Minas<br>La geomecánica y planificación minera son áreas de la minería a cielo abierto íntimamente relacionadas, ya que las restricciones geomecánicas limitan al diseño minero y, así, los planes mineros factibles. El diseño y los planes mineros han de empujar los límites de lo que la geomecánica permite, para asegurar operaciones mineras competitivas y mantener un nivel de riesgo al personal y operaciones aceptable. Luego, se requiere del monitoreo geotécnico para adquirir datos de calidad que permitan un diseño minero de alto nivel.
Sin embargo, la relación entre geomecánica y planificación minera no se extiende al diseño e implementación de programas de monitoreo. En general, los programas de monitoreo de deformaciones superficiales son diseñados con posterioridad al inicio de la operación del rajo y cuando se han identificado signos de inestabilidad en la superficie de los taludes.
El monitoreo de deformaciones del subsuelo permite alertar sobre fallas en desarrollo semanas antes de que estas se hagan notar en superficie. Luego, se debería diseñar campañas de monitoreo de deformaciones del subsuelo durante el proceso de planificación minera, considerando el diseño minero en la instalación de instrumentos geotécnicos previo a la construcción de la mina. Lo que permitiría registrar el proceso de relajación del macizo a medida que la construcción progresa y adquirir datos más exhaustivos del comportamiento del macizo rocoso (antes que con monitoreo superficial), con el fin de optimizar el diseño de taludes futuros y adoptar medidas correctivas para evitar fallas.
En esta tesis, fueron diseñadas una serie de campañas de monitoreo de deformaciones del subsuelo usando In-Place Inclinometers, ShapeAccelArrays y Networked Smart Markers (NSMs) como equipos de monitoreo. Las opciones fueron aplicadas a una mina teórica desarrollada como parte de la tesis y comparadas en términos de costos, cantidad y calidad de los datos recopilados.
Los resultados indican a la opción de NSMs cada 2[m] como la más eficiente en cuanto a costos ya que: (1) presenta el menor costo por unidad de datos adquiridos (US$57.21) y (2) 5 veces mayor vida útil, lo que permitiría obtener el doble de datos que la siguiente mejor opción, (3) se financia con un aumento de 2° en el ángulo de talud y (4) aumenta el VAN del proyecto en 3.2%.<br>Open pit geomechanics and mine planning are two closely related areas in the development of an open pit mine since geotechnical constrains limit the possible mine designs and, thus, the feasible mine plans. Mine designs and plans have to push the limits of what rock mass geomechanics allow to assure competitive mine operations, while maintaining acceptable levels of risk to operations and personnel. Therefore, geotechnical monitoring programs are required to acquire good quality data to be used as input for mine design.
However, the relation between geomechanics and mine planning does not extend to monitoring programs design and implementation. Generally, surface deformation monitoring programs are designed after the project is in operation and signs of slope instability have been identified on the surface.
Subsurface deformation monitoring can alert about developing failures weeks before any sign of instability is noted on the surface. Therefore, subsurface deformation monitoring campaigns should be designed along the mine planning process and considering the mine s design to install geotechnical instrumentation prior to the construction of the slopes. This methodology would allow to register the rock mass relaxation process as construction progresses and to acquire more comprehensive data about rock mass behaviour, in advanced of surface monitoring, towards future slope design optimization and adoption of remedial measurements to avoid failure.
In this thesis, a series of subsurface deformation monitoring campaign were designed using In-Place Inclinometers, ShapeAccelArrays and Networked Smart Markers as monitoring devices. All options were applied to a theoretical open pit developed as part of this work. The campaigns were compared in terms of cost, quantity and quality of gathered data.
The results showed that the campaign using NSMs installed every 2 meters was the most cost-efficient option as it represented: (1) the lowest cost per unit of gathered data (US$57.21), (2) five times longer lifespan, which allowed to gather twofold the amount of data compared with the next best option, (3) be financing of the campaign through steepening of the slopes by 2° and (4) increase in project s original NPV by 3.2%.
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Brits, Leilani. "An application of risk based design in open pit mine planning." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10809.
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M.Ing. (Engineering Management)<br>The design of the optimum open pit slope angle is one of the major challenges during open pit mine planning, as it implies attaining the ideal balance between utilizing the maximum slope angle whilst achieving acceptable stability and safety standards as indicated by the mine. The aim of open pit mines should thus be to seek the steepest possible slope angle without compromising the safety of the personnel, equipment or ore reserves, utilizing both stability analyses as well as risk assessments. The typical open pit mine plan aims to achieve an acceptable balance between operational risks and geotechnical design considerations by analysing factors such as the slope stability design, the rock mass properties and existing structural geological conditions. These factors are used as inputs towards an optimum slope angle design which will be used in the final pit design and aims to provide maximum economic viability to the mine. The risk analysis methodology aims to improve traditional slope design methods and is used to evaluate risks and failure consequences in terms of economic impacts. The economic impact analysis is a useful method in comparing the performance of various mine plans and slope designs. The risk analysis methodology thus provides a valuable indication of optimum slope design configurations and as such can be a great asset to the mine design process. This research paper aims to identify the key risks used as input to an open-pit mine plan in a feasibility stage and to define an approach to minimize these risks in order to achieve maximum economic benefit. The effectiveness of this approach will be evaluated by means of a case study which will attempt to achieve an optimum balance between value and risk, and to compare the magnitude of the economic impact of an individual risk with the probability of occurrence of said risk. The case study will utilise a risk map in order to define years with higher economic impacts as well as defining critical pit areas causing these risks, so as to identify areas requiring further investigation which will assist the mine in evaluating mitigation strategies in order to reduce overall risk.
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Thompson, Justin. "Test of an Innovative Stochastic Design System on an Open Pit." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5435.
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Commodity markets are fundamentally cyclical, exposing mining companies to large swings in profitability during periods of economic boom and bust. Although this is well documented, companies continue to produce mine plans based on present market conditions that fail to acknowledge long-term metal price variability. The purpose of this thesis is to adapt McIsaac’s (2008) mathematical model for determining the most robust underground mining plan under conditions of metal price uncertainty for application in an open pit environment.
An overview of conventional open pit algorithms is given to demonstrate that a circular analysis precludes the determination of an optimal solution when metal prices are uncertain. Under the proposed methodology, the optimal solution is achieved by selecting the cutoff grade and production rate under stochastic metal prices such that the net present value and probability of a positive net present value are maximized.
The mathematical model was formulated with costs represented as a function of the level of production, rate of production or both. Revenues are achieved from either a mill, heap leach or stockpile process dependent on the level of production and metal price in the year of consideration. Metal prices are generated annually according to a stochastic model that balances short-term volatility with long-term trends. The compiled cash flow model determines the optimal net present value for a given production profile under input metal prices.
The feasible area of production is established based on mine life, resource and financing constraints. Net present values are generated for a broad search grid, which converges towards a unimodal solution according to a golden search algorithm. The process is then repeated many times in order to identify the production profile at which the optimal solution is repeatedly reached. As a visual representation, the solutions are plotted on a bubble graph where the size of the bubble corresponds to the frequency of the solution; the largest bubble is associated with the optimal solution. The methodology is tested on two massive copper porphyry deposits, contained within a single claim, for which a Preliminary Economic Assessment has been completed.<br>Thesis (Master, Mining Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-02-08 22:07:52.331
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Barr, Drew. "Stochastic Dynamic Optimization of Cut-off Grade in Open Pit Mines." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7180.
Full textAbstract:
Mining operations exploit mineral deposits, processing a portion of the extracted material to produce salable products. The concentration of valuable commodities within these deposits, or the grade, is heterogeneous. Not all material has sufficiently high grades to economically justify processing. Cut-off grade is the lowest grade at which material is considered ore and is processed to create a concentrated commodity product. The choice of cut-off grade at a mining project can be varied over time and dramatically impacts both the operation of the mine and the economics of the project.
The majority of literature and the accepted industry practices focus on optimizing cut-off grade under known commodity prices. However, most mining operations sell their products into highly competitive global markets, which exhibit volatile commodity prices. Making planning decisions assuming that a given commodity price prediction is accurate can lead to sub-optimal cut-off grade strategies and inaccurate valuations. Some academic investigations have been conducted to optimize cut-off grade under stochastic or uncertain price conditions. These works made large simplifications in order to facilitate the computation of a solution. These simplifications mean that detailed mine planning data cannot be used and the complexities involved in many real world projects cannot be considered.
A new method for optimizing cut-off grade under stochastic or uncertain prices is outlined and demonstrated. The model presented makes use of theory from the field of Real Options and is designed to incorporate real mine planning data. The model introduces two key innovations. The first is the method in which it handles the cut-off grade determination. The second innovation is the use of a stochastic price model of the entire futures curve and not simply a stocastic spot price model. The model is applied to two cases. The first uses public data from a National Instrument 43-101 report. The second case uses highly detailed, confidential data, provided by a mining company from one of their operating mines.<br>Thesis (Master, Mining Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-04-30 22:36:51.257
Books on the topic "Pit design techniques, open pit mine planning"
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Mark, Kuchta, ed. Open pit mine planning & design. 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Wright, E. Alaphia. Open pit mine design models: An introduction with FORTRAN/77 programs. Trans Tech Publications, 1990.
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Kuchta, Mark, and W. Hustrulid. Open Pit Mine Planning and Design. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006.
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Hustrulid, W., and M. Kuchta. Open Pit Mine Planning and Design. 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pit design techniques, open pit mine planning"
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Shishvan, Masoud Soleymani, Christian Niemann-Delius, and Javad Sattarvand. "Application of Nonlinear Interpolation Based Methods in Open Pit Mines Planning and Design." In Mine Planning and Equipment Selection. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02678-7_93.
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Jalloh, Abu Bakarr, and Kyuro Sasaki. "Geo-statistical Simulation for Open Pit Design Optimization and Mine Economic Analysis in Decision-Making." In Mine Planning and Equipment Selection. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02678-7_10.
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"PIT LIMITS." In Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two Volume Set & CD-ROM Pack. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15068-8.
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Kawalec, W., and J. Specylak. "Open pit design optimisation of a lignite deposit." In Mine Planning and Equipment Selection 2000. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203747124-41.
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"MINE PLANNING." In Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two Volume Set & CD-ROM Pack. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15068-4.
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Baffoe, S., and S. Al-Hassan. "Open pit mine planning and design – a case study." In Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry. Taylor & Francis, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833407.ch37.
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"THE MicroMODEL V8.1 MINE DESIGN SOFTWARE." In Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two Volume Set & CD-ROM Pack. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15068-19.
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"PRODUCTION PLANNING." In Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two Volume Set & CD-ROM Pack. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15068-9.
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"REPORTING OF MINERAL RESOURCES AND ORE RESERVES." In Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two Volume Set & CD-ROM Pack. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15068-10.
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"RESPONSIBLE MINING." In Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two Volume Set & CD-ROM Pack. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15068-11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pit design techniques, open pit mine planning"
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Hall, Jonathan. "The hydro-geotechnical decision cycle – having mine design and planning decisions made by the right people." In 2013 International Symposium on Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1308_79_hall.
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