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Ashley, Steven. "A Fighter With Flexibility." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 01 (January 1, 1998): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jan-1.
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This article focuses on the US Defense Department planners who have opted to develop a single, affordable strike fighter flexible enough to match or surpass the capabilities of its varied predecessors. Efforts to build one plane for more than one armed service are risky—witness the failed attempt by General Dynamics and Grumman in the 1960s to develop the swing-wing F-111fighter/bomber for both the Air Force and the Navy. The prevailing belief today is that advanced integrated systems design and extensive simulation will help engineers avoid the pit-falls associated with combining the services’ diverse goals. To succeed, the department’s Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program will entail a degree of cooperation and frugality not seen previously among the American armed forces. At stake for the aerospace/defense industry is perhaps the largest US military procurement program ever. Although the aircraft from the JSF competition will be developed using some •of the most advanced engineering design techniques currently available, they will also have to satisfy today’s political and fiscal constraints.
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Embar, Keren, Burt P. Kotler, Sonny S. Bleicher, and Joel S. Brown. "Pit fights: predators in evolutionarily independent communities." Journal of Mammalogy 99, no. 5 (July 20, 2018): 1183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyy085.
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van Bergen, Y. "PIT BULL IS TOP DOG IN A FIGHT." Journal of Experimental Biology 208, no. 18 (September 15, 2005): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01841.
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Evans, Rhonda D., and Craig J. Forsyth. "Dogmen: The Rationalization of Deviance." Society & Animals 6, no. 3 (1998): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853098x00159.
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AbstractDogmen are individuals who fight their pit bulls in matches against other pit bulls. This paper uses neutralization theory to examine the rationalizations of dogmen as they attempt to counter stigma and criminal identity in a world that is becoming increasingly intolerant of dogfighting. To maintain their rationalizations, the dogmen use four recurring techniques : (a) denial of injury;(b) condemnation of the condemners; (c) appeal to higher loyalties; and (d) a defense that says dogmen are good people (their deviance-dogfighting expunged by their good character). The authors conducted interviews with 31 individuals who fight and breed pit bulls and with significant others in the dogfighting enterprise, including Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) officials, veterinarians, and local law enforcement officers. The research also examined newspaper accounts of dogfighting. This article provides some insights into the social construction of reality of individuals who engage in an activity that most of us find reprehensible. As with any criminal/deviant behavior, understanding and subsequent solving of the problem begin with knowledge of the offender's perspective.
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Kerr. "Justice for Pat Finucane: the fight continues." Socialist Lawyer, no. 87 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/socialistlawyer.87.0007.
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Matulich, Erika, and Karen Squires. "What A Dog Fight! TKO: Pets.com." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 4, no. 5 (June 28, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v4i5.4779.
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The case covers the startup of Pets.com, an online retailer of pet supplies. Pets.com made its entry into a heavily competitive but potentially lucrative market. Despite heavy capital funding and a number of high-profile strategic initiatives, the company closed its doors in November, 2000. The demise of Pets.com is considered to be one of the highest-profile dotcom failures.
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Vyšniūnas, Algis. "LUKIŠKIŲ AIKŠTĖ – SOCIALINIO UŽSAKYMO EVOLIUCIJA. PAMINKLAS LAISVĖS KOVŲ DALYVIAMS AR SIMBOLIS „LAISVĖ“?/LUKIŠKĖS SQUARE – EVOLUTION OF A SOCIAL ORDER. A MONUMENT TO FIGHTERS FOR FREEDOM OR A SYMBOL „FREEDOM“?" JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2008.32.201-220.
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This paper is about public spirit, national monuments and a sign system in Lukiškės Square in Vilnius. Such a system is a part of national Policy, therefore, one should keep distinct the pure artistical and national identity ideas. Nowadays a sense of national pride is very important and at the same time a real problem in Lithuania. A nation always has an essential place, a system of symbols or an extraordinary monument. Lithuania is only getting ready to consider the issue of monuments and signs in all its aspects. That is why, according to the rules of Lukiškės Square architectural competition, it is demanded to solve this problem. A representative function is required. „The memory of an unknown partisan and fighter for Lithuania’s freedom will be memorialized“ a slogan incused on a stone panel proclaims in Lukiškės Square. But there are still no results. The conception of public space is unidentified, so an urban space and ordinary functional aspects are always muddled up. West European public space practice indicates that Renaissance squares are the most popular, multifunctional public spaces. The space system and nominal space hierarchy are very complicated and indefinite, therefore, the final result is under diferent interpretations. Memorialization of dedication to fighters for Lithuania’s freedom is of great importance, but practical square formation aspects, such as parking, fountain construction, etc., are also important. The Lithuanian Parliament adopted a resolution on Lukiškės Square functions (11 Feb. 1999), but pursuancee belongs to the Municipality. That is a mistake and a real problem because the Municipality’s activities are not transparent. Such problems must be solved by a Steering Committee which must be formed. Otherwise a qualitative result is impossible. In 2008 Lukiškės Square architectural competition was proclaimed. The format of the main task is double – urban and artistical aspects are declared. The result of this competition is an abstract artistical accent, but not a real representative memorial. The purpose of this work is to reveal the formation process of Lukiškės Square as the main square of Lithuania. The basic principles of the Square formation and those of erecting a monument to the Lithuanian freedom fighters are presented. Santrauka 2008 m. paskelbtas Lukiškių aikštės sutvarkymo ir simbolio „Laisvė“ projekto sukūrimo konkursas. Vertinimo komisija išrinko 7 geriausius konkursinius projektus. Šie rezultatai sukėlė daug diskusijų, nes neaišku, ar tikrai pasiektas pagrindinis konkurso tikslas – įprasminti Laisvės kovas ir pagerbti tų kovų dalyvių atminimą? Nors yra labai konkretus LR Seimo nutarimas „Dėl Lukiškių aikštės funkcijų“, vis tiek lieka neaiškus Lukiškių aikštės statusas: ar ji yra valstybinio rango aikštė, ar paprasta vieša savivaldybės erdvė? Kai neaiškus aikštės statusas, neaiškus ir tikslo realizavimo mechanizmas bei priemonės. Straispnyje apžvelgiami pagrindiniai Lukiškių aikštės urbanistinės plėtros etapai, įvertinant ne tik realizacijas, bet ir visas idėjas, profesines koncepcijas. Pagrindinis straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti Lukiškių aikštės formavimo mechanizmus, bet ne komentuoti atskirus meninius pasiūlymus. Straipsnyje nekomentuojami atskirų suinteresuotų socialinių ir politinių grupių pareiškimai, taip pat tariamai moksliniai pranešimai viešųjų ryšių renginiuose ir akcijose. Taip pat nediskutuojama apie grynojo meno paskirtį ir santykį su mokslu ir politika. Išvadose pateikiami Lukiškių aikštės urbanistinio formavimo ir paminklo Laisvės kovotojams statymo principai.
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Yan, Shufeng, Qingqing Huang, Xiaorong Song, Zhuo Chen, Mingdong Huang, and Juncheng Zhang. "A series of photosensitizers with incremental positive electric charges for photodynamic antitumor therapy." RSC Advances 9, no. 42 (2019): 24560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03486b.
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Suleiman, Elia. "The Occupation (and Life) Through an Absurdist Lens." Journal of Palestine Studies 32, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2003.32.2.63.
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Elia Suleiman, born in Nazareth in 1960, is the first Palestinian filmmaker to be selected for the "official competition" of the Cannes International Film Festival: his Divine Intervention: A Chronicle of Love and Pain was not only one of the twenty-one films out of 939 entries chosen for the fifty-fifth festival in May 2002, it also won the Jury Prize and the Interna tional Critics Prize. Suleiman had already come to the attention of the 2001 Cannes Festival, where his short Cyber Palestine was shown at the "Directors' Fortnight." Though without formal training, Suleiman has been winning prizes since his first film, a short entitled Introduction to the End of an Argument, won the award for best experimental documentary-USA in 1991. This was followed by his 1992 short Homage by Assassination, which won a Rockefeller Prize. By the time he made his first full-length movie, Chronicle of a Disappearance (which won the prize for the best first-feature at the 1996 Venice International Film Festival), his style was already well developed: a progression of sketches——witty, surreal, ironic, often devastating——and a virtual absence of narrative; in the case of Chronicle, a main character (a filmmaker called E.S., played by Suleiman himself) appears in a number of the episodes, most of which shed harsh light on life in Nazareth, but his presence seems more accidental than part of a storyline. Film critic Stanley Kaufman of the New Republic called Chronicle of a Disappearance "a film of the absurd. If Ionesco had been a Palestinian and a filmmaker, he might have made it." While his recent film, Divine Intervention, is still very much an assemblage of vignettes, it does nonetheless have a semblance of narrative: a "central character" (again, a filmmaker named E.S., again played by Suleiman) shuttles between his hometown of Nazareth, where his father, beset by business woes, has a heart attack and lies dying; his apartment in East Jerusalem, where he is working on a screenplay; and a checkpoint between East Jerusalem and Ramallah, where he holds tender but wordless meetings in a parked car with his lover, a Ramallah woman hemmed in by borders and closures. In one of the checkpoint scenes that combines the visual beauty, whimsy, humor, and satire characteristic of the film, the hero inflates a large red balloon bearing the smiling visage of Yasir Arafat and releases it, creating havoc among the soldiers. Taking advantage of the ensuing confusion, the hero and his lover manage to speed through the checkpoint, while the camera follows the balloon as it soars over the landscape toward Jerusalem, floating over the rooftops of the Old City and past the Church of the Holy Sepulcher to a light on the Dome of the Rock. When Divine Intervention won the Jury Prize at Cannes, the New York Times (27 May 2002) called it "a Keatonesque exploration of the large and small absurdities of Palestinian life under occupation." And indeed, despite the humor, moments of tenderness, and laugh-out-loud sight gags, the film presents an all-too-realistic picture, pitiless and meticulous, of the devastating impact of occupation on Palestinian society both in Israel and in the occupied territories. Suleiman is witty and light, but dead serious; allergic to preaching, propaganda , and clichéé, but highly political. The underlying grimness of the film is relieved not only by the humor but by resort to fantasy: the hero, cruising a long a highway, casually tosses an apricot pit out of his car window and a tank blows up; a stunningly beautiful woman (the hero's lover) strides through a checkpoint, mesmerizing the soldiers with her fierce beauty, and a military watchtower collapses. The most elaborate such sequence is the spectacular "Ninja scene," a violently beautiful and stylized choreography wherein the same woman is imagined as a guerrilla fighter who dispatches (seemingly bloodlessly) a whole phalanx of Israeli sharpshooters who have been firing at her effigy in a shooting range. The meaning of the images, whose connectedness one to the next is not always immediately apparent, can leave the spectator temporarily puzzled; the New York Times of 7 October 2002 called them "cinematic riddles and visual puns, delivered in elegant deadpan." The cumulative impact, however, is clear, and the images themselves linger long after the film ends. New York Times critic A. O. Scott, while noting the film's "appearance of randomness," adds that there is "an oblique, elegant sense of structure here" and that "the interlocking series of setups, punch lines and non sequiturs add up to something touching, provocative, and wonderfully strange." Divine Intervention currently is being shown throughout Europe and will be opening in the Middle East and Israel in January 2003. Shown at the New York Film Festival in October 2002, it will open commercially in the United States in January. Suleiman, in Paris for the opening of his film, was interviewed by Linda Butler, associate editor of JPS, on 26 September 2002.
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Abbott, Alison. "Pet theory comes to the fore in fight against SARS." Nature 423, no. 6940 (June 2003): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/423576b.
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Angelevska, Beti, Vaska Atanasova, and Aleksandar Markoski. "Public fight vs air pollution: is the monitoring system a first step for air quality management in the town of Bitola." Put i saobraćaj 65, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.65.04.04.
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Air quality remains one of the most pressing problems in urban areas. Providing information about air pollution and finding out its spatial distribution through monitoring network is a crucial starting point in the planning process of measures for air quality control and improvement. Hence, monitoring is an indispensable component of air quality management and its first activity. But, despite the significant deterioration of air quality in the town of Bitola, there is a lack of monitoring network and systematic measurements. Considering the importance of monitoring and its absence in the town of Bitola, this analysis gives an overview of the current air pollution problem and public initiative and determination for changes. Most importantly, elaborated recommendations for introduction of monitoring network in the town are presented.
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Fahmy, Sherif Ashraf, Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy, and Jens Schaefer. "Liposome Photosensitizer Formulations for Effective Cancer Photodynamic Therapy." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091345.
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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive strategy in the fight against that which circumvents the systemic toxic effects of chemotherapeutics. It relies on photosensitizers (PSs), which are photoactivated by light irradiation and interaction with molecular oxygen. This generates highly reactive oxygen species (such as 1O2, H2O2, O2, ·OH), which kill cancer cells by necrosis or apoptosis. Despite the promising effects of PDT in cancer treatment, it still suffers from several shortcomings, such as poor biodistribution of hydrophobic PSs, low cellular uptake, and low efficacy in treating bulky or deep tumors. Hence, various nanoplatforms have been developed to increase PDT treatment effectiveness and minimize off-target adverse effects. Liposomes showed great potential in accommodating different PSs, chemotherapeutic drugs, and other therapeutically active molecules. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in encapsulating PSs alone or combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs into liposomes for effective tumor PDT.
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Prusova, Irina S., and Olga A. Gulevich. "News About Terrorism and Attitudes Toward Countries: The Role of Mortality Salience and Intergroup Threat." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 14, no. 2 (2021): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2021.0207.
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Background. Media reports on armed fights or terror attacks introduce reminders of death into people’s daily lives. When people feel non-specific threats (mortality salience) or specific threats (intergroup threats), they may demonstrate unfavorable attitudes toward national outgroups. The issue is mostly analyzed today in line with Terror Management Theory and Intergroup Threat Theory. Objective. To examine such threats in the Russian context, and the impact of mortality salience (MS) on attitudes toward national outgroups that induced different levels of perceived intergroup threat. Design. In two studies, participants watched films and completed questionnaires about social distance, social thermometer, and trust toward “more or less threatening” countries. In Study 1, 120 Russian students were assigned to six groups via experimental design: 3 (MS: terrorist attacks in Europe, terrorist attacks in Russia, or a control group watching a video about dental treatment) x 2 (country: Ukraine and Belarus). In Study 2, 122 participants were similarly divided into six groups, evaluating attitudes toward the USA and China. Results. Study 1 showed that MS mostly increased unfavorable attitudes toward a country perceived as more threatening (Ukraine) than toward one perceived as less threatening (Belarus). Study 2 indicated the same effect on attitudes toward both more (the USA) and less (China) threatening outgroups. Conclusion. The results identified contradictory tendencies in MS effect, in line with Terror Management Theory and Intergroup Threat Theory. The findings could be used in improving relationships from an international perspective.
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Puvača, Nikola, and Rosa de Llanos Frutos. "Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Humans and Pet Animals." Antibiotics 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10010069.
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Throughout scientific literature, we can find evidence that antimicrobial resistance has become a big problem in the recent years on a global scale. Public healthcare systems all over the world are faced with a great challenge in this respect. Obviously, there are many bacteria that can cause infections in humans and animals alike, but somehow it seems that the greatest threat nowadays comes from the Enterobacteriaceae members, especially Escherichia coli. Namely, we are witnesses to the fact that the systems that these bacteria developed to fight off antibiotics are the strongest and most diverse in Enterobacteriaceae. Our great advantage is in understanding the systems that bacteria developed to fight off antibiotics, so these can help us understand the connection between these microorganisms and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistance both in humans and their pets. Furthermore, unfavorable conditions related to the ease of E. coli transmission via the fecal–oral route among humans, environmental sources, and animals only add to the problem. For all the above stated reasons, it is evident that the epidemiology of E. coli strains and resistance mechanisms they have developed over time are extremely significant topics and all scientific findings in this area will be of vital importance in the fight against infections caused by these bacteria.
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Pretlow, Robert. "332 What’s causing obesity in pets and what can we do about it?" Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.119.
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Abstract The majority of dogs (56%) and cats (60%) are now overweight or obese. A novel theory posits that obesity in pets is due to “treats” and excessive meal amounts given by the “pet-parent” to obtain affection from the pet, which enables “‘eating addiction” in the pet and results in pet-parent “co-dependence.” The pet-parent may even become hostage to the treats/food to avoid the ire of the pet. Eating addiction in the pet appears related to stress/conflict, involving the displacement mechanism, which is a bio-behavioral mechanism in the brains of all animals, even fruit flies. It allows the animal to deal with situations that cannot readily be faced or avoided or are thwarting, such as social isolation. Displacement behavior is out-of-context, irrepressible behavior, e.g. an animal in the wild who sleeps or feeds when threatened by a predator. It is thought due to re-channeling of overflow brain energy to another drive (e.g. feeding drive) when two drives, e.g. fight or flight, equally oppose each other. Moving the opposing drives out of equilibrium, by resolving the animal’s stressful life situations, theoretically halts the displacement mechanism and addictive behavior, e.g. overeating/obesity. Similarly, dealing with the pet-parent’s stressful life situations curtails displacement regarding overfeeding the pet. Treatment for each contribution to companion animal obesity will be presented: Pet-parent seeking affection from the pet by giving food treats, which induces and subsequently triggers displacement overeating in the pet -- > Treatment is pet-parent withdrawal/abstinence from treat-giving. Displacement of pet-parent’s stressful life situations by feeding the pet. The received affection induces and subsequently triggers further treat-giving by the pet-parent. -- > Treatment is developing an action plan for each of the pet-parent’s stressful life situations. Begging, annoyance, aggression, and hostage state of the pet. -- > Treatment is “tough love” by the pet-parent.
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Bothner, Fabio. "Personal Carbon Trading—Lost in the Policy Primeval Soup?" Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 4592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084592.
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The number of emission trading and carbon taxation schemes implemented has grown rapidly over the past decade. Together, they cover approximately 16% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although more than two-thirds of global GHG emissions are related to household consumption, approaches that directly target households, such as personal carbon trading (PCT), do not play a role in the fight against climate change. This is especially puzzling as measures taken so far are not sufficient to reach the 2 °C target. One clue to solving this puzzle comes from political science in the form of the multiple streams approach, which defines criteria that a policy proposal must meet to become part of the political agenda. Based on these criteria, this article conducts a systematic review on PCT to clarify why PCT does not play a role in the reduction of GHG emissions. The results show that there are three main problems with the PCT proposal. First, scholars often criticize the set-up costs as well as the running costs of such a system. Second, there is no clear consensus within the research community on public acceptance of PCT. Third, it is still unclear whether politicians are receptive to PCT or not.
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COSTEA, Ioana Maria. "Transpunerea Directivei PIF și evaziunea fiscală la TVA." Analele Universitării din București Drept 2020, no. 2020 (January 13, 2020): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/aubd.2020.02.
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Our study proposes a two-step analysis of the concept of VAT fraud, a time limit represented by the adoption of Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2017 on the fight against fraud to the Union’s financial interests by means of criminal law. Through our analytical approach, which uses the comparative method meticulously under the auspices of the limited interpretation imposed by criminal law, specific hypotheses are revealed regarding the forms of tax evasion in the European Union framework for the operation of value added tax. Equally, the study seeks to identify the blind spots of national law and the directions for refining tax evasion legislation.
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Grishina, Natalia V., and Polina V. Lupulyak. "The COVID-19 Experience: Features of Culture and Belonging in the Context of Peoples Native to a Country and Migrants." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 13, no. 4 (2020): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2020.0408.
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Background. COVID-19 has revealed the diversity of cultural characteristics and mentalities of different countries: every people living through the pandemic interprets the means of overcoming the crisis in their own way, in accordance with their historical experience and cultural traditions. Objective. The purpose of this study (April 2 - May 2, 2020) was to identify the influence of cultural factors and the context of residence (living in their own country or in another culture as a migrant) on how people perceive and experience a pandemic. Design. The study involved 605 people: 402 Russian-speaking respondents (221 migrants living outside their countries) and 203 representatives of other cultures (165 Spaniards and 38 migrants from different countries).The main research method was a survey using a specially prepared questionnaire (in four languages – Spanish, English, German, and Russian). Results. Cultural factors had a strong influence on how a people experienced a pandemic. Respondents from European and other cultures (non Russian speakers) were very intolerant of dissent in the fight against the pandemic; showed an increase in patriotism; and demonstrated increased readiness for an operational response to the situation through a change of activity. Russian-speaking respondents showed great loyalty to different positions and different behaviors during pandemic situation; expressed the desire to wait out the pandemic and quickly return to their usual way of life; their main preventive measure was self-isolation, which was considered an opportunity for the development of something new. The perception of a pandemic by migrants differed from its perception by the indigenous population. Conclusion. Common to all representatives of the international sample were the ideas of necessary international cooperation and universal responsibility to overcome the pandemic. But the cultural factors and having a migrant’s status had a strong influence on the perception and experience of the pandemic, which depends on the mentality and historical experience in different countries.
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Białas, Aleksandra, Erin K. Zess, Juan Carlos De la Concepcion, Marina Franceschetti, Helen G. Pennington, Kentaro Yoshida, Jessica L. Upson, et al. "Lessons in Effector and NLR Biology of Plant-Microbe Systems." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 31, no. 1 (January 2018): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-08-17-0196-fi.
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A diversity of plant-associated organisms secrete effectors—proteins and metabolites that modulate plant physiology to favor host infection and colonization. However, effectors can also activate plant immune receptors, notably nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat region (NLR)-containing proteins, enabling plants to fight off invading organisms. This interplay between effectors, their host targets, and the matching immune receptors is shaped by intricate molecular mechanisms and exceptionally dynamic coevolution. In this article, we focus on three effectors, AVR-Pik, AVR-Pia, and AVR-Pii, from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae), and their corresponding rice NLR immune receptors, Pik, Pia, and Pii, to highlight general concepts of plant-microbe interactions. We draw 12 lessons in effector and NLR biology that have emerged from studying these three little effectors and are broadly applicable to other plant-microbe systems.
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Liao, Guiqiu, and Jiankang Zhao. "Auto-tuning for cascade PID height position controller of rotorcraft." MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927701008.
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In this article, we present a method for tuning controller parameters for cascade PID based on the step response performance characteristics of a closed loop system with application to an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). With specifically designed system identification procedures, a neural network mapping is obtained automatically when the UAV is flying around the target height. With this network system model, a gradual regression and optimization algorithm is proposed to tune the controller. The regression model primly illustrated the relation between PID parameters with controller performance, and the construction for optimization cost function takes the physical significance of step response performance of flying machine into account. Experimental data collected from fight experiment when auto-tuner is implemented on a quadrotorcraft demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
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Spence, Jean. "Women, Wives and the Campaign against Pit Closures in County Durham: Understanding the Vane Tempest Vigil." Feminist Review 60, no. 1 (September 1998): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177898339389.
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The majority of the women who campaigned to save the Vane Tempest Colliery from closure in 1993 were involved because of their political understanding and allegiances rather than as a consequence of their practical involvement in mining life. Even those women who were married to miners did not conform to the stereotypical conception of ‘miner's wife’. However, the supporting labour movement and the media persisted in conceptualizing the Women's Vigil through romantic and masculinist discourses of miners and mining communities which could only locate the women as ‘wives’, which confined the campaign within historical stereotypes no longer appropriate to the actual situation and which persistently set the idea of socialism against that of feminism. This not only situated the women's campaign as secondary and subject to that of the NUM but it also subverted the possibilities of the women fully articulating their own experience and understanding within the campaign. The situation was further complicated by memories of the miners’ strike of 1984–5 in which women played such an important role. One aspect of this role, that of maintaining mining families in the face of hardship, continued to inform understanding of the women's role in the fight to prevent closure, although it was no longer appropriate. The Women's Vigil engaged with a much wider set of concerns and with a wider range of individuals and groups than did that of the miners themselves. There were serious possibilities for broadening the political campaign around the women's slogan of ‘Jobs, community and environment’ which were never fully exploited because of the difficulties of admitting that women could inhabit any position other than that of ‘miners’ wives’. This experience of the Vane Tempest Vigil indicates the significance and the centrality of gender issues within class based political action.
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Hadi, Muna, and Noor Abdul. "Reducing the Effect of the Atmospheric Disturbance on Longitudinal Fight Control System Usage PID Controller." International Journal of Computer Applications 127, no. 13 (October 15, 2015): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2015906586.
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Quilbe, Alexandre, Olivier Moralès, Martha Baydoun, Abhishek Kumar, Rami Mustapha, Takashi Murakami, Bertrand Leroux, et al. "An Efficient Photodynamic Therapy Treatment for Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010192.
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To date, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ADKP) is a devastating disease for which the incidence rate is close to the mortality rate. The survival rate has evolved only 2–5% in 45 years, highlighting the failure of current therapies. Otherwise, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT), based on the use of an adapted photosensitizer (PS) has already proved its worth and has prompted a growing interest in the field of oncology. We have developed a new photosensitizer (PS-FOL/PS2), protected by a recently published patent (WO2019 016397-A1, 24 January 2019). This photosensitizer is associated with an addressing molecule (folic acid) targeting the folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) with a high affinity. Folate binds to FOLR1, in a specific way, expressed in 100% of ADKP or over-expressed in 30% of cases. The first objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this PS2-PDT in four ADKP cell lines: Capan-1, Capan-2, MiapaCa-2, and Panc-1. For this purpose, we first evaluated the gene and protein expression of FOLR1 on four ADKP cell lines. Subsequently, we evaluated PS2’s efficacy in our cell lines and we assessed the impact of PDT on the secretome of cancer cells and its impact on the immune system. Finally, we evaluate the PDT efficacy on a humanized SCID mouse model of pancreatic cancer. In a very interesting way, we observed a significant increase in the proliferation of activated-human PBMC when cultured with conditioned media of ADKP cancer cells subjected to PDT. Furthermore, to evaluate in vivo the impact of this new PS, we analyzed the tumor growth in a humanized SCID mice model of pancreatic cancer. Four conditions were tested: Untreated, mice (nontreated), mice with PS (PS2), mice subjected to illumination (Light only), and mice subjected to illumination in the presence of PS (PDT). We noticed that the mice subjected to PDT presented a strong decrease in the growth of the tumor over time after illumination. Our investigations have not only suggested that PS2-PDT is an effective therapy in the treatment of PDAC but also that it activates the immune system and could be considered as a real adjuvant for anti-cancer vaccination. Thus, this new study provides new treatment options for patients in a therapeutic impasse and will provide a new arsenal in the fight against PDAC.
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Malahias, M., D. Jordan, O. Hughes, Wasim S. Khan, and S. Hindocha. "Bite Injuries to the Hand: Microbiology, Virology and Management." Open Orthopaedics Journal 8, no. 1 (June 27, 2014): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001408010157.
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Bites to the human hand, be it from a pet, a stray animal or even a fellow human, may often have dire consequences for the person suffering the insult. Bites by mammals are a common problem and they account for up to 1% of all visits to hospital emergency rooms, in the UK. Clenched fist injuries to the mouth (‘fight bite’) are notorious for being the worst human bites. Bite injuries of the hand and their related infections must be monitored vigilantly and managed proactively, by experts in this field of surgery. In this review article we discuss the associated microbiology and virology of these injuries as well as their management.
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Edge, Marc. "Pie Sharing or Food Fight? The Impact of Regulatory Changes on Media Market Competition in Singapore." International Journal on Media Management 6, no. 3&4 (December 2004): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s14241250ijmm0603&4_7.
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Sargent, Carole Fungaroli. "How a Pie Fight Satirizes Whig-Tory Conflict in Delarivier Manley's The New Atalantis." Eighteenth-Century Studies 44, no. 4 (2011): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2011.0027.
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Edge, Marc. "Pie Sharing or Food Fight? The Impact of Regulatory Changes on Media Market Competition in Singapore." International Journal on Media Management 6, no. 3-4 (December 2004): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2004.9669401.
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Bienia, Aleksandra, Olga Wiecheć-Cudak, Aleksandra Anna Murzyn, and Martyna Krzykawska-Serda. "Photodynamic Therapy and Hyperthermia in Combination Treatment—Neglected Forces in the Fight against Cancer." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081147.
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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans. Despite the progress in cancer treatment, and an increase in the effectiveness of diagnostic methods, cancer is still highly lethal and very difficult to treat in many cases. Combination therapy, in the context of cancer treatment, seems to be a promising option that may allow minimizing treatment side effects and may have a significant impact on the cure. It may also increase the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies. Moreover, combination treatment can significantly increase delivery of drugs to cancerous tissues. Photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia seem to be ideal examples that prove the effectiveness of combination therapy. These two kinds of therapy can kill cancer cells through different mechanisms and activate various signaling pathways. Both PDT and hyperthermia play significant roles in the perfusion of a tumor and the network of blood vessels wrapped around it. The main goal of combination therapy is to combine separate mechanisms of action that will make cancer cells more sensitive to a given therapeutic agent. Such an approach in treatment may contribute toward increasing its effectiveness, optimizing the cancer treatment process in the future.
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Vasilev, Alex, Roba Sofi, Ruman Rahman, Stuart J. Smith, Anja G. Teschemacher, and Sergey Kasparov. "Using Light for Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)." Brain Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10020075.
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of primary brain tumour with extremely poor prognosis. The current standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM includes maximal surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The introduction of this protocol has improved overall survival, however recurrence is essentially inevitable. The key reason for that is that the surgical treatment fails to eradicate GBM cells completely, and adjacent parenchyma remains infiltrated by scattered GBM cells which become the source of recurrence. This stimulates interest to any supplementary methods which could help to destroy residual GBM cells and fight the infiltration. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on photo-toxic effects induced by specific molecules (photosensitisers) upon absorption of photons from a light source. Such toxic effects are not specific to a particular molecular fingerprint of GBM, but rather depend on selective accumulation of the photosensitiser inside tumour cells or, perhaps their greater sensitivity to the effects, triggered by light. This gives hope that it might be possible to preferentially damage infiltrating GBM cells within the areas which cannot be surgically removed and further improve the chances of survival if an efficient photosensitiser and hardware for light delivery into the brain tissue are developed. So far, clinical trials with PDT were performed with one specific type of photosensitiser, protoporphyrin IX, which tends to accumulate in the cytoplasm of the GBM cells. In this review we discuss the idea that other types of molecules which build up in mitochondria could be explored as photosensitisers and used for PDT of these aggressive brain tumours.
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Chourasiya, Sanjay K., Anil S. Baghel, Arpit Verma, and Saket Kale. "A cross sectional study to assess the functioning of cold chain in a tribal district of central India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 4826. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184578.
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Background: Immunization is one of the best efforts that India is putting forward currently to fight against various vaccine preventable diseases. Cold chain maintenance is always an issue. Therefore, cold chain maintenance is a pre-requisite in the correct delivery of immunization services.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 18 cold chain points (CCPs) of Jhabua district using standard Government of India (GOI) structured questionnaires.Results: Out of 18 cold chain points only 5.55% had dry room for the storage of needle, syringes and other clerical material. A separate voltage stabilizer was attached each to deep freezer and ILR at only 22% of the health centers. Only 55.55% CCPs waste disposal pit constructed as per guideline. 94.45% cold chain handlers (CCHs) knew the definition of cold chain and correct temperature range at which vaccines to be stored, whereas only 33.33% CCHs knew about Shake test. 72.23% CCHs knew how to read vaccine vial monitor (VVM) and stages of VVM correctly. Knowledge of the CCHs regarding open vial policy was poor, with only 33.33% knowing exactly, the details of open vial policy.Conclusions: The quality of immunization programme can be increased by proper maintenance of cold chain and management of vaccine logistics at every designated cold chain point. There is need to improve the knowledge level of CCHs regarding cold chain maintenances and handling practices.
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Rahman, Md Sahidur, and Nazifa Rafa. "Common Barriers, Attitudes, and Practices of Veterinary Practitioners Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Chattogram, Bangladesh." Open Veterinary Science 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ovs-2020-0109.
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Abstract The perceived risk of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens creates the necessity for understanding the role of the prescriber groups. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among veterinary practitioners to assess their understanding regarding antimicrobial prescribing and the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock. We collected responses from 100 veterinarians engaged in the large animal, poultry, and pet animal care practices. Proportions were calculated for categorical variables and the results were visualized. We revealed two key barriers: a lack of enough information and of training on the proper prescription of antimicrobials. Prescribing a wide variety of antimicrobials and doing incomplete courses of antimicrobial treatments were two very important causes pointed out by the respondents for the development of antimicrobial resistance. A number of highest-priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs) of human health were found to be used by veterinary practitioners. In addition to clinical features like types of organisms and severity of the disease, the availability of drugs in the local market and the economic conditions of farmers have the potential to influence the decisions of veterinarians in prescribing antimicrobials. The professional development of veterinarians and the maintenance of strong coordination are crucial to ensure the proper engagement of veterinarians as the front-line fighters for tackling the AMR issue.
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Jurmalietis, Roberts, Armands Grickus, and Ance Elstina. "MARBLED CRAYFISH (PROCAMBARUS VIRGINALIS) AS A PROMISING OBJECT FOR AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4174.
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Marbled crayfish / marmorkrebs, parthenogenetically reproducing decapod crustacean of pet aquarium origin conventionally has been recognized as an undesirable species since it a) is an invasive pest dangerous for aquatic ecosystem resources because of its hardiness, omnivorousness, fast growth, self-cloning abilities; b) has little commercial value for food industry. However, recently an idea has been introduced about marmorkrebs as a promising cheap protein source, which can help to fight world hunger. Accordingly, research performed at Liepaja University (Latvia) was focused on marbled crayfish farming system design issues. Research paper presented discusses marmorkrebs survival capacities in small-volume microcosm tanks (made from recycled material), under harsh abiotic conditions. Pilot research results obtained will be used to develop experimental project on low-input microcosmic indoor aquaculture for marmorkrebs.
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de Vries, H. L., H. A. M. Spoolder, and J. N. Marchant. "Food competition tests between pigs: differences in heart rates of “winners” and “losers” prior to testing." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033304.
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Physiological parameters in rats have been shown to predict the outcome of a fight before the result is behaviourally apparent (Schuurman, 1980). In pigs, Marchant et al. (1995) have demonstrated that losing animals have higher heart rate values than winning ones during and just after agonistic interactions. The present study aimed to investigate at what stage differences in pig heart rate can be detected between animals which will lose and animals which will win an ensuing aggressive encounter.Three groups of seven multiparious PIC Camborough sows were subjected to pair wise food competition tests, within groups. In each group all possible 21 pairs were tested. Sows had spent at least two weeks in their groups prior to testing and were normally fed in stalls.
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Chan, Xin Hui Derryn, Ghayathri Balasundaram, Amalina Binte Ebrahim Attia, Julian L. Goggi, Boominathan Ramasamy, Weiping Han, Malini Olivo, and Shigeki Sugii. "Multimodal imaging approach to monitor browning of adipose tissue in vivo." Journal of Lipid Research 59, no. 6 (April 13, 2018): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.d083410.
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The discovery that white adipocytes can undergo a browning process to become metabolically active beige cells has attracted significant interest in the fight against obesity. However, the study of adipose browning has been impeded by a lack of imaging tools that allow longitudinal and noninvasive monitoring of this process in vivo. Here, we report a preclinical imaging approach to detect development of beige adipocytes during adrenergic stimulation. In this approach, we expressed near-infrared fluorescent protein, iRFP720, driven under an uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) promoter in mice by viral transduction, and used multispectral optoacoustic imaging technology with ultrasound tomography (MSOT-US) to assess adipose beiging during adrenergic stimulation. We observed increased photoacoustic signal at 720 nm, coupled with attenuated lipid signals in stimulated animals. As a proof of concept, we validated our approach against hybrid positron emission tomography combined with magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging modality, and quantified the extent of adipose browning by MRI-guided segmentation of 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-d-glucose uptake signals. The browning extent detected by MSOT-US and PET/MR are well correlated with Ucp1 induction. Taken together, these systems offer great opportunities for preclinical screening aimed at identifying compounds that promote adipose browning and translation of these discoveries into clinical studies of humans.
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Urbina, Fabiola, Sebastián Morales-Pison, and Edio Maldonado. "Enzymatic Protein Biopolymers as a Tool to Synthetize Eukaryotic Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) with Uses in Vaccination, Immunotherapy and Nanotechnology." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081633.
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Multi-subunit enzymes are protein biopolymers that are involved in many cellular processes. The enzyme that carries out the process of transcription of mRNAs is RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), which is a multi-subunit enzyme in eukaryotes. This protein biopolymer starts the transcription from specific sites and is positioned by transcription factors, which form a preinitiation complex (PIC) on gene promoters. To recognize and position the RNAPII and the transcription factors on the gene promoters are needed specific DNA sequences in the gene promoters, which are named promoter elements. Those gene promoter elements can vary and therefore several kinds of promoters exist, however, it appears that all promoters can use a similar pathway for PIC formation. Those pathways are discussed in this review. The in vitro transcribed mRNA can be used as vaccines to fight infectious diseases, e.g., in immunotherapy against cancer and in nanotechnology to deliver mRNA for a missing protein into the cell. We have outlined a procedure to produce an mRNA vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is the causing agent of the big pandemic, COVID-19, affecting human beings all over the world. The potential advantages of using eukaryotic RNAPII to synthetize large transcripts are outlined and discussed. In addition, we suggest a method to cap the mRNA at the 5′ terminus by using enzymes, which might be more effective than cap analogs. Finally, we suggest the construction of a future multi-talented RNAPII, which would be able to synthetize large mRNA and cap them in the test tube.
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Piotti, Patrizia, Mariangela Albertini, Lidia Pia Trabucco, Lucia Ripari, Christos Karagiannis, Claudio Bandi, and Federica Pirrone. "Personality and Cognitive Profiles of Animal-Assisted Intervention Dogs and Pet Dogs in an Unsolvable Task." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072144.
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Dogs are biologically predisposed to communicate with humans in cooperative contexts. They show individual differences in dog–human communication and inhibition, potentially enhanced by life experience, e.g., Animal-Assisted Interventions. This study aimed to investigate whether dogs’ personality, defined by biologically meaningful neural circuits described in the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality (RST), predicted dogs’ communication, task orientation, emotional state, and approach of an unsolvable task. We also investigated the differences between dogs experienced in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) and inexperienced dogs. The results indicated that a high sensitivity to the RST personality trait related to managing uncertainty (Behavioural Inhibition System, BIS) predicted fewer task orientations but increased referential and non-referential looking, which we interpreted as a way to obtain directions from the owner. Conversely, a high sensitivity to the traits reflecting tendencies to approach rewards (Behavioural Approach System, BAS) and avoid punishment (Fight–Flight–Freeze System, FFFS) predicted lower looking. High sensitivity to the FFFS also predicted more frequent task orientations, which we interpreted as frustration. Finally, the dogs in the AAI program looked more at their owner and were less oriented towards the task. These results provide empirical evidence of individual differences tied to the psychobiological personality traits in canine cognitive skills. Understanding such cognitive profiles may have an enormous impact on activities that rely upon dog–human collaborative interaction.
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Taylor, Joseph E. "An Open Pit Visible from the Moon: The Wilderness Act and the Fight to Protect Miners Ridge and the Public Interest. The Environment in Modern North America Series. By Adam M. Sowards." Western Historical Quarterly 52, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whab036.
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McLARNON, JOHN M. "Pie in the Sky vs. Meat and Potatoes: The Case of Sun Ship's Yard No. 4." Journal of American Studies 34, no. 1 (April 2000): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875899006271.
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In the spring of 1942, the Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company was gearing up for the most productive three years in its history. With the United States at war, the demand for transport ships would soon propel the Chester-based shipyard to a position of unmatched prominence in the industry – a remarkable development for a concern that was originally conceived as a support subsidiary for its parent, the Sun Oil Company. Twenty-six years earlier, Joseph N. Pew, the younger of two brothers who oversaw the fortunes of Sun Oil, had suggested the creation of a shipyard to build tankers needed to carry the products of Sun's Marcus Hook (Pa.) refinery. He and his older brother J. Howard acquired the old Merchant's Shipyard, hired cousin John G. Pew as president, and began building tankers.By the end of 1943, Sun Ship boasted 35,000 employees, approximately half of whom were black. More than one third of the black employees worked in the company's No. 4 facility, a yard intended by the Pews to be staffed completely by black workers. Yard No. 4 presented blacks with another instance of a recurring dilemma: should they postpone the goal of full integration for the sake of economic improvement, or should they forgo the opportunity to improve their vocational expertise and economic condition for the ultimate goal of total equality in a fully integrated society? Such a goal seemed, on the eve of the Second World War, nearly as remote as it had been at the close of the Civil War. Jim Crow ruled throughout the South. The North lacked Jim Crow laws, but discrimination and segregation were the norm rather than the exception. “What have Negroes to fight for?” A. Philip Randolph demanded in 1942. “If you haven't got democracy yourself, how can you carry it to somebody else?”
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Fetter, Bruce. "Pitfalls in the Application of Demographic Insights to African History." History in Africa 19 (1992): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172002.
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Twenty–one collaborators and I recently have championed the use of demographic insights in the reconstruction of African history. The advocacy, however, does not mean that we endorse all uses to which demography has been put in the recent literature. We all recognize the delicacy of transferring methods from one discipline to another. In this essay I would like to suggest five pitfalls into which some distinguished scholars have fallen as a caution for further research. Some of the authors of course, may not believe them pit-falls at all, but the production of history requires debates on methods as well as fact and theory.Before, embarking on this critique, however, let me propose a framework which relates primarily to one of the three major components of demography, the study of mortality. The analysis of mortality in Africa really involves three nested questions which researchers inevitably address either implicitly or explicitly: why do organisms die? why and how do people die? and why and how do people die in Africa? In the course of explaining how demographers answer these questions, I will illustrate the methodological errors which I be¬lieve fellow historians have committed.Death is the inevitable outcome of life; it comes to all organisms, large and small. The causes of death and disease often work in combination. Some organisms are born defective, genetically unable to function in the same way as others of their species. Others, although properly equipped, experience accidents or shortages of food. Those which have survived to maturity experience aging, a process by which the biological mechanisms which have enabled creatures to repair themselves and to fight off enemies, cease functioning, and death is the final outcome. All these causes of death can occur without the intervention of other creatures. The earth, however, is filled with a variety of organisms which are capable of killing one another. Members of some species kill each other, but the most common causes of death are interspecific, involving the relationships of prédation and parasitism.
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George, Chaitidis, and Athanasios Zisopoulos. "Invention Patents and Competitive Tendering: A Balance Among PCT Office, Trade Bureau of Competition, Procurement Agencies and Municipalities in a Public Call for Offers." Journal of Business and Economics 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/03.11.2020/009.
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An Invention Patent is a result of scientific work that could be useful for industrial application and as a tool to support business procedures. Intellectual property rights support innovation, competitiveness and economic growth across the globe and are strongly protected by International Law and Treaties. On the other hand powerful competition regulator statutory agencies in all civilized countries do fight against any preferential rights violating competition. There 11 steps towards a European Patent Office patents grand and 12 steps for a Public-Private Partnership according to European Investment Bank internal procedures. The patent advantage actually concerns only intimidation to the competition and limited other benefits. Such business use of the legal benefits of patent inspired us to extend this simplified approach into a complex “Blitzkrieg” interference to a public call for procurement. We choose two patents to present an example of our approach. The first interacts with competitive tendering prior the official launch while the other after the public call for proposals. Both approaches violate completion but they promote new technology.
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Sullivan, Daniel C. "Challenges and Opportunities for In Vivo Imaging in Oncology." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 1, no. 6 (December 2002): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460200100602.
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Advances in genomics, proteomics and technology are changing medicine in fundamental ways. There are increasing clinical and laboratory requirements to obtain cellular and molecular information in vivo. This is particularly true in oncology, where the behavior of tumor cells is inextricably linked to their milieu. If cancer cells are removed from their microenvironment, their pattern of gene expression changes. Therefore, non-invasive, quantitative means of detecting gene and protein activity are essential. In vivo imaging is one methodology for achieving this. Marked advances in tracer methods for PET scanning or single-photon nuclear medicine techniques have occurred in the past few years. MRI contrast agents that reflect physiologic information are also being developed, although larger mass quantities of injectable material are required. The useful concept of “activatable agents” was pioneered in MRI. Similarly, ultrasound and computed tomography are being re-engineered to reflect information at the cellular level. In vivo optical imaging technologies have matured to the point where they are indispensable laboratory tools for small animal imaging. Human applications are in the feasibility testing stage, and the future for clinical optical imaging techniques looks bright. Merging these molecular imaging techniques with minimally or non-invasive image-guided therapeutic delivery techniques is a subsequent goal in the fight against cancer.
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Yang, Jing, Haili Zhang, Kadirya Parhat, Hui Xu, Mingshuang Li, Xiangyu Wang, and Chongzhao Ran. "Molecular Imaging of Brown Adipose Tissue Mass." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179436.
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a uniquely thermogenic tissue that plays an important role in metabolism and energy expenditure, has recently become a revived target in the fight against metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Different from white adipose tissue (WAT), the brown adipocytes have distinctive features including multilocular lipid droplets, a large number of mitochondria, and a high expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), as well as abundant capillarity. These histologic characteristics provide an opportunity to differentiate BAT from WAT using imaging modalities, such as PET/CT, SPECT/CT, MRI, NIRF and Ultrasound. However, most of the reported imaging methods were BAT activation dependent, and the imaging signals could be affected by many factors, including environmental temperatures and the states of the sympathetic nervous system. Accurate BAT mass detection methods that are independent of temperature and hormone levels have the capacity to track the development and changes of BAT throughout the lifetime of mammals, and such methods could be very useful for the investigation of potential BAT-related therapies. In this review, we focus on molecular imaging modalities that can detect and quantify BAT mass. In addition, their detection mechanism and limitations will be discussed as well.
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Xiang, D., Y. Ma, C. Ding, G. H. Kloecker, and J. Yan. "A vaccine approach for breast cancer immunotherapy by targeting HER2/neu antigen to B cells via CD19 molecule." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2011): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.287.
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287 Background: Trastuzumab has been proven to be effective in the immunotherapy for Her-2/neu-positive breast cancer. However, this adoptively transferred therapeutic Ab must be continuously given to the patient with huge financial cost. Thus, it would be desirable if tumor vaccines could elicit long-lasting trastuzumab-like Ab. Methods: Constructing fusion protein of anti-mouse CD19 single chain variable fragment (anti-CD19-scFv) with human Her-2/neu extracellular domain P3-4 (P3-4) by extracting total RNA from Rat anti-mouse CD19 hybridoma (1D3) and first strand cDNA was synthesized accordingly. VH and VL were amplified using designed primers. Single chain Fv (VL-VH) was then synthesized by overlapping PCR. Then constructs were sequenced and cloned into pET-20b(+) vectors. Fragments P3-4 of extracellular domains of human Her-2/neu was cloned from pcDNA3.1-Her2 and then cloned into pET-20b(+)-scFv. Series of constructs were expressed and purified according to standard protocol and verified by Western Blot. Results: Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that fusion proteins anti-CD19-scFv and anti-CD19-scFv-P3-4 but not P3-4 could specifically bind to B cells with high affinity. Mice immunized with anti-CD19-scFv-P3-4 secreted higher titers of IgG and IgM than those from controls (p<0.05). Studies also demonstrated that sera from anti-CD19-scFv-P3-4 but not anti-CD19-scFv or P3-4 immunized mice stained with Her-2/neu expressing SKOV-3 tumor cells. These Abs also competitively inhibited trastuzumab-mediated Ag binding, suggesting that trastuzumab-like Ab responses were elicited. WT mice immunized with anti-CD19-scFv-P3-4 fusion protein then challenged with D2/F2-Her-2 mammary tumor cells showed significantly reduced tumor burden compared to those immunized with control fusion proteins (p<0.05) and had enhanced median overall survival to 45 days versus 34 days in WT mice immunized with either anti-CD19-scFv or P3-4. Conclusions: Targeting of Her-2/neu antigens to B cells stimulates Th-dependent humoral immune responses with anti tumor effect in mouse model. These findings provide a novel avenue for successful development of breast cancer vaccination strategy and help to fight for cancer.
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Setiawan, I. Putu Arta, I. Wayan Rideng, and Ni Made Sukaryati Karma. "Sanksi Pidana bagi Pelaku Perbuatan Cabul terhadap Anak Dibawah Umur (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 29/Pid. Sus- Anak/2018/PN Dps)." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.1.1.1997.139-144.
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Cases of molestation against children are rife today. This is a problem that becomes the duty of law enforcement officers and the community to fight. Abuse of children is carried out by offenders to fulfill thier lust and also because of sexual abnormalities. Related to this problem, law enforcement agencies in particular and the community must play an active role in making efforts to overcome these problems. Imposition of sanctions is a repressive effort that can be done to provide a deterrent effect for the perpetrators. Based on this problem, this study was conducted to describe how the legal protection of child victims of sexual abuse and how sanctions for perpetrators of sexual abuse of children. This study used a normative method, and research data are sourced from the opinions of legal scholars and the Law. The results of this study indicate that the government and the community are required to provide special protection such as rehabilitation efforts and keep victims from surrounding labeling or suffering from their identity as victims of sexual abuse or violence, as Article 64 Paragraph (1) and (3) of Law Number 23 Year 2002 JO Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection regulates it. Based on Decision Number 29 / Pid. Sus-Anak / 2018 / PN Dps determined that the defendant BASID fulfilled the elements of the formulation in Article 82 paragraph (1) Jo Article 76 E of the Child Protection Act No. 35 of 2014 concerning amendments to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2002 concerning child protection and was sentenced to 13 (thirteen) years in prison along with job training at Mercy Indonesia Foundation Jalan Intan LC II Gang IV No.1 Gatot Subroto Denpasar for 6 (six) months as in a single indictment of the Public Prosecutor
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Oussai, Alaeddine, Zoltán Bártfai, László Kátai, and István Szalkai. "Development of a small-scale plastic recycling technology and a special filament product for 3D printing." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.45.
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In our days, the fight against pollution has become a real challenge for the state. recycling is one of the solutions that is adopted in several nations to reduce the rate of plastic discarded in nature. The amount of plastic waste has been increasing for decades contributing to the environmental pollution that is one of the most serious problem of the mankind. according to the statistics not only the household plastic waste, but the industry discharge is increasing because the utilization of plastic as a raw material is more and more extending. plastic can be found in a lot of products, huge number of bottles, plastic bags, computers, auto parts are sold every day. The current applications for using recycled plastics in fabrication and design are fairly limited, on a small scale, plastics (such as abs, HDPe1, or Pe2t) are shredded and formed into pellets, and then either extruded into lament to be used in existing 3d printers, or injection molded into small parts and pieces of larger components. at a large scale, recycled HDpE is melted into sheets and either used directly as sheets in construction, or then heat formed from a sheet into components for construction. these methods of fabrication using recycled plastics are the norm because of their straightforward processes. nevertheless, each method leaves some complexity to be desired. This paper we study the types of plastics and diagnose the pollution caused by the latter. this allowed us to design and size a recycling station of plastic into filaments for three-dimensional printers. this station which will contribute to the fight against pollution. the station consists of two machines for grinding of the plastic and the other for the extrusion of the desired filaments. we were able to make a theoretical academic study on both machines and also we designed with solidworks 2015. The theoretical study is spread of the mechanical calculations necessary to the design and validation of the structure using the tools. as the prospect of this project, we want to complete the achievement of this station while completing the crusher and extruder mechanically. then switch to electric and electronic parts (introduction of engines, sensors and wiring...). In the case of waste plastics that are recyclable and reusable. the most widely used are polyethylene terephthalate (pet, used for synthetic fibers and water bottles), and second high-density polyethylene (hdpe, used for jugs, bottle caps, water pipes).
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Kabre, Rimdolmsom Jonathan. "The Interplay between International and National Institutions in Fighting Corruption: Lessons from the Piero Foresti, Laura de Carli & Others v. The Republic of South Africa’s Case." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 54, no. 2 (2021): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2021-2-243.
Full textAbstract:
Piero Foresti, Laura de Carli and others v. Republic of South Africa is the only case, administered by the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), that involves the Republic of South Africa. This case was characterized by an allegation of corruption which appeared, not ‘before’ the referral to the tribunal as occurs in most investment disputes, but ‘during’ the proceedings of the ICSID tribunal: How did the corruption manifest in this case? How was it fought and by which institutions? This article examines these questions and discusses the role of arbitral tribunals and local institutions (notably courts and national bar associations) in addressing the challenge of corruption. It looks also at the kind of interplay that may exist between international and national institutions for an effective fight against corruption. Such a discussion is particularly relevant in the context of a country like South Africa, which has terminated most of its bilateral investment agreements and replaced them with a national piece of legislation: The Protection of Investment Act (PIA) of 2015 which does not provide for Investor-State Arbitration. Consequently, foreign investors in this country have only recourse to national adjudicative bodies (but also to mediation or state-to-state arbitration) for the settlement of their disputes, including corruption-based disputes. Therefore, what are the lessons to be learned from this case with regard to the uses of the law to combat corruption and to the adequacy of national institutions to deal with corruption cases with transnational elements?
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Octaviani, Jefahnia, and Andari Yurikosari. "AKIBAT HUKUM KRIMINALISASI PENGURUS SERIKAT PEKERJA ATAS TINDAK PIDANA PENCEMARAN NAMA BAIK TERHADAP KEDUDUKAN SERIKAT PEKERJA DI DALAM PERUSAHAAN (STUDI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TINGGI DKI JAKARTA NOMOR: 95/PID/2018/PT.DKI)." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v2i1.5258.
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One of the legal subjects in the employment sector is labor unions. Labor unions are considered as organizations that able to help workers fight for their rights. When there is an industrial relations dispute between employers and workers, labor unions can represent their members in the process of resolutions that includes three steps, which are Bipartite, Tripartite, and Court of Industrial Relations. Based on the applicable laws, in order to carry out their main duties and functions, labor unions must be independent and democratic. Referring to DKI Jakarta High Court Judgement No. 95/Pid/2018/PT.DKI, two of labor union officials in PT Damira are prosecuted by third party outside of Bipartite for criminal acts of defamation, and the prosecution itself build upon their statements on Bipartite. This kind of prosecution can be categorized as a form of criminalization of labor union officials, thus raises issues of how legal protections for labor union officials who are prosecuted by third party and the impact of the criminalization of labor unions officials to the standing of labor unions. The author analyzes both issues comprehensively using the normative legal research method. According to the research, can be councluded that the legal protections of labor union officials is not carried out as stipulated in the applicable laws. Furthermore, criminalization of labor union officials has important impact which includes two things, namely the legal uncertainty of labor union officials regarding their status as workers and the standing of labor unions within the company after the criminalization.
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Habib, Peter T. "Vaccine Design, Adaptation, and Cloning Design for Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine Derived From SARS-CoV-2 Surface Glycoprotein (S), Membrane Protein (M) and Envelope Protein (E): In silico approach." Frontiers in Health Informatics 10, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v10i1.279.
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Introduction: The SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global epidemic that has increased the scientific community's concern about developing and finding a counteraction against this lethal virus. So far, hundreds of thousands of people have been infected by the pandemic due to contamination and spread. This research was therefore carried out to develop potential epitope-based vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches.Material and Methods: The material of SARS-COV2 Surface Glycoprotein (S), Membrane Protein (M), and Envelope Protein (E) were downloaded from the NCBI protein database. Each protein has undergone epitopes prediction for MHC class I epitopes, MHC class II epitopes, and Antibody of B-cell epitopes. Selected epitopes according to their antigenicity score was tested for allergenicity and toxicity. Finally, filtered epitopes were used in vaccine construction. Vaccines were constructed, docked against Toll-like receptor 3, and undergone Molecular Dynamic simulation. The vaccine with the best scores, subjected to immune stimulation and cloning design.Results: Three vaccines were constructed, COVac-1, COVac-2, and COVac-3. Each vaccine was submitted into a deep investigation. The molecular dynamic simulation determines the stability and physical movement of protein atoms and molecules. After Molecular dynamics simulation, COVac-1 was having the best scores. COVac-1 was then subjected to immune simulation analysis to insure the stimulation of innate and adaptive immunity. After passing the immune simulation, COVac-1 was integrated into E.coli pET-30b plasmid using in silico cloning design.Conclusion:Viral pandemics are threatened to face humanity today. The best scenario to fight against any pandemic is utilizing the full power of computational biology, especially immune-informatics, to design and discover in silico new vaccines or molecules that may stimulate the immune system against the invader pathogens or inhibit the pathogen life cycle.
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Pečiulis, Žygintas. "Visuomeninis transliuotojas: nepriklausomumas ir politinės valdžios įtakos problema." Informacijos mokslai 54 (January 1, 2010): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2010.0.3174.
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Vakarų Europoje po Antrojo pasaulinio karo susiformavusi visuomeninio audiovizualinio transliuotojo sistema XX amžiaus pabaigoje paplito visoje Europoje. Keturis pokario dešimtmečius visuomeniniai transliuotojai dirbo valstybinio monopolio sąlygomis, praėjusio amžiaus devintajame dešimtmetyje prasidėjo konkurencinė kova su komerciniais transliuotojais. Esminiai visuomeninės audiovizualinės tarnybos bruožai – diskusijų ir nuomonių pliuralizmo skatinimas, kultūros, švietimo sklaida, nacionalinio identiteto įtvirtinimas, ypatingas dėmesys tautinei įvairovei. Svarbiausi būdai užtikrinti tinkamą visuomeninio transliuotojo veiklą – finansinis ir politinis nepriklausomumas nuo politinės valdžios. Tai padaryti leidžia visuomeninis valdymas ir tiesiogiai piliečių mokamas abonentinis mokestis. Tačiau Europos visuomeniniams transliuotojams būdinga valdymo ir finansavimo modelių įvairovė. Taip pat pastebimas valdančiųjų politinių jėgų siekis kontroliuoti visuomeninį transliuotoją arba daryti jam įtaką. Šiame straipsnyje aptariami konkretūs atvejai, kai akivaizdžiai matomos Lietuvos politikų pastangos daryti įtaką Lietuvos radijo ir televizijos (LRT) veiklai. Konkrečios situacijos nagrinėjamos lyginant su teoriniais visuomeninio transliuotojo principais, galiojančiais teisės aktais, pateikiamas tarptautinis kontekstas.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: audiovizualinė masinė komunikacija, visuomeninis transliuotojas, nepriklausomumas, politinė įtaka, Lietuva, LRT.Public Service Broadcasting: Independence and the Problem of Political Power InfluenceŽygintas Pečiulis SummaryThe public audiovisual broadcasting system has formed in West Europe after World War II, and at the end of the 20th century it spread in the whole Europe. Public service broadcasting has operated in national monopoly conditions for four postwar decades. In the last century’s ninth decade, the competitive fight with commercial broadcasters has begun. The essential features of public service broadcasting are encouragement of discussions and opinions, culture and education spread, national identity strengthening, special attention to national diversity. The basic conditions of securing a proper operation of public service are financial and political independence from the political power. It can be done by public management and the licence fee paid directly by citizens. However, the variety of managing and financing models are natural for Europe’s public broadcasters. There are also governing political powers’ ambitions to control the public broadcaster. There are particular cases of obvious attempts of Lithuanian politicians to influence the Lithuanian Radio and Television (LRT). Particular situations are analysed in comparison with the theoretic principles of public service broadcasting, valid legal acts. Also, the international context is shown.Key words: audiovisual mass communication, public service broadcasting, independence, political influence, Lithuania, LRT.
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Souza Beirão, Éder de, Priscila Dias Alkimim, Luiza Pimenta Guimarães, and Maria Elizete Gonçalves. "Análise do impacto dos gastos públicos sobre a pobreza na América Latina." Economia & Região 8, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2317-627x.2019v7n2p.
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Os países da América Latina vêm mantendo há décadas altos níveis de pobreza. Assim, o maior desafio para os governos destes países refere-se à definição das áreas em que se deve investir para uma redução efetiva do número de pobres. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetiva identificar o impacto dos gastos públicos nas áreas de educação, proteção social e saúde sobre a pobreza nos países da América Latina, tendo como base o período de 2007 a 2014. O trabalho utiliza uma abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, sendo embasado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo como fonte de dados a Bases de Datos y Publicaciones Estadísticas da CEPAL (CEPALSTAT) da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e Caribe (CEPAL). A análise do impacto é feita a partir de regressões com dados em painel. Os resultados obtidos são condizentes com boa parte da literatura, posto que apontam que o aumento do desempenho da atividade econômica (medido pelo PIB) é fundamental para a redução da pobreza, mas este deve vir acompanhado de um combate à desigualdade social. Os resultados demonstram também que apenas os gastos públicos com saúde foram significantes na redução da pobreza, o que pode sinalizar uma má alocação e/ou baixa qualidade dos demais gastos públicos analisados, isto é, gastos com educação e proteção social. AbstractThe countries of Latin America have been maintaining high levels of poverty for decades. Thus, the greatest challenge for the governments of these countries is the definition of the areas in which to invest to effectively reduce the number of poor. In this sense, the present study aims to identify the impact of public spending in the areas of education, social protection and health on poverty in the Latin American countries, based on the period from 2007 to 2014. The work uses a quantitative and descriptive approach, being based on bibliographical and documentary research, having as data source the Statistical Databases and Statistical Publications of CEPAL (CEPALSTAT) of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL). The impact analysis is based on panel data regressions. The results obtained are consistent with a good part of the literature, since they point out that the increase in the performance of economic activity (as measured by GDP) is fundamental for reducing poverty,but this must be accompanied by a fight against social inequality. The results also show that only public health expenditures were significant in reducing poverty, which may indicate a poor allocation and / or low quality of other public expenditures analyzed, that is, spending on education and social protection.Keywords: Public Expenditures; Poverty; Education; Social Protection; Health