Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pit Latrine Sludge / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Pit Latrine Sludge.

Journal articles on the topic 'Pit Latrine Sludge'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Pit Latrine Sludge.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Radford, J. T., and R. A. Fenner. "Characterisation and fluidisation of synthetic pit latrine sludge." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 3 (2013): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.023.

Full text

Abstract:

Half of the world's urban population will live in informal settlements or ‘slums’ by 2030. Affordable urban sanitation presents a unique set of challenges as the lack of space and resources to construct new latrines makes the de-sludging of existing pits necessary, and this is something that is currently done manually, with significant associated health risks. Various mechanised technologies have therefore been developed to facilitate pit emptying, with the majority using a vacuum system to remove material from the top of the pit. However, this results in the gradual accumulation of unpumpable

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Mamera, Matthew, Johan J. van Tol, Makhosazana P. Aghoghovwia, and Gabriel T. Mapetere. "Community Faecal Management Strategies and Perceptions on Sludge Use in Agriculture." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (2020): 4128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114128.

Full text

Abstract:

Most people in rural areas in South Africa (SA) rely on untreated drinking groundwater sources and pit latrine sanitations. A minimum basic sanitation facility should enable safe and appropriate removal of human waste, and although pit latrines provide this, they are still contamination concerns. Pit latrine sludge in SA is mostly emptied and disposed off-site as waste or buried in-situ. Despite having knowledge of potential sludge benefits, most communities in SA are reluctant to use it. This research captured social perceptions regarding latrine sludge management in Monontsha village in the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Rahman, Mahbubur, Mahfuza Islam, Solaiman Doza, et al. "Higher helminth ova counts and incomplete decomposition in sand-enveloped latrine pits in a coastal sub-district of Bangladesh." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 6 (2022): e0010495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010495.

Full text

Abstract:

Pit latrines are the most common latrine technology in rural Bangladesh, and untreated effluent from pits can directly contaminate surrounding aquifers. Sand barriers installed around the latrine pit can help reduce contamination but can also alter the decomposition of the fecal sludge and accelerate pit fill-up, which can counteract their benefits. We aimed to evaluate whether there was a difference in decomposition of fecal sludge and survival of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) ova among latrines where a 50-cm sand barrier was installed surrounding and at the bottom of the pit, compared to l

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Changara, M. C., C. Bangira, W. T. Sanyika, and S. N. Misi. "Characterisation of pit latrine sludge from shackleton, a peri-urban residential area of Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 3 (2018): 568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.041.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterise the physical and chemical properties of human faecal sludge from various pit latrines in relation to the differences in usage and management practices of each pit over time. Physico-chemical parameters were measured from the sludge collected from the top layers of six different pit latrines that were sampled six times at an interval of 40 days. Data were also collected on pit user habits and management practices. Multivariate statistical analyses were carried out to determine the variations in sludge physico-chemical characteristics amon

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wheeler, D., and R. F. Carroll. "The Minimisation of Microbiological Hazards Associated with Latrine Wastes." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 3 (1989): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0075.

Full text

Abstract:

Investigations of latrine wastes in Botswana were undertaken to verify that sludge stored in a pit latrine chamber for at least one year does not constitute an unacceptable microbiological hazard on handling or reuse. Levels of faecal bacteria, Ascaris, Taenia, Schistosoma and human enteric viruses in sludges which had been stored for periods of more than one year were compared with levels in improperly stored sludges. In all cases, the importance of long term storage was confirmed. However, it is noted that substantial sociological and educational inputs are required if latrine users are to o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ugwu, Francis ifeuzu, and Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba. "Development of Models for the Rational Design of Different Shapes of Pit Latrine." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) 1, no. 1 (2021): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijee.A1802.051121.

Full text

Abstract:

Specific models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes are presently non-existent. What exist are general design models irrespective of the shape and size of latrine which may not give the actual design parameters needed. This research was limited to the derivation of models that will aid the design of the capacity of pit latrines of different shapes and dimensions for different population of users and under different soil formations and ground conditions. The objective of this research was to derive models for the rational design of pit latrines of different sha

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Mamera, Matthew, Johan J. van Tol, Makhosazana P. Aghoghovwia, et al. "Potential Use of Biochar in Pit Latrines as a Faecal Sludge Management Strategy to Reduce Water Resource Contaminations: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (2021): 11772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411772.

Full text

Abstract:

Faecal sludge management (FSM) in most developing countries is still insufficient. Sanitation challenges within the sub-Saharan region have led to recurring epidemics of water- and sanitation-related diseases. The use of pit latrines has been recognised as an option for on-site sanitation purposes. However, there is also concern that pit latrine leachates may cause harm to human and ecological health. Integrated approaches for improved access to water and sanitation through proper faecal sludge management are needed to address these issues. Biochar a carbon-rich adsorbent produced from any org

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Njalam’mano, John Bright Joseph, Evans Martin Nkhalambayausi Chirwa, and Refilwe Lesego Seabi. "In Vitro Study of Butyric Acid Deodorization Potential by Indigenously Constructed Bacterial Consortia and Pure Cultures from Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125156.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study aims at developing an efficient bacterial consortium to biodegrade butyric acid, one of the odor-causing compounds that contribute significantly to pit latrine malodors. Six bacterial strains isolated from pit latrine fecal sludge were selected for the study. Nineteen bacterial consortia of different combinations were artificially constructed. The individual bacterial strains and bacterial consortia were compared by culturing in mineral salt medium supplemented with 1000 mg/L butyric acid as a sole carbon and energy source at pH 7, 30 °C, and 110 rpm under aerobic growth cond

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

ifeuzu, Ugwu Francis, and Prof Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka. "Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Faecal Sludge in Pit Latrines with Depth." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1, no. 1 (2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijee.a1803.051121.

Full text

Abstract:

There is limited information about the characteristics of faecal sludges in ordinary pit latrines. Knowledge of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge from different layers of the pit apart from providing an indication of the nature of pit contents endeavoured to provide information and decision support for managing pit latrines during their normal lifespan. Therefore, this paper was aimed at investigating the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge samples to equip latrine owners with environmental and health implications of this sludge. Legisl

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

ifeuzu, Ugwu Francis, and Prof Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka. "Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Faecal Sludge in Pit Latrines with Depth." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1, no. 1 (2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijee.a1803.051121.

Full text

Abstract:

There is limited information about the characteristics of faecal sludges in ordinary pit latrines. Knowledge of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge from different layers of the pit apart from providing an indication of the nature of pit contents endeavoured to provide information and decision support for managing pit latrines during their normal lifespan. Therefore, this paper was aimed at investigating the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge samples to equip latrine owners with environmental and health implications of this sludge. Legisl

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Ugwu, Francis ifeuzu, and Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba. "Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Faecal Sludge in Pit Latrines with Depth." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) 1, no. 1 (2021): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijee.A1803.051121.

Full text

Abstract:

There is limited information about the characteristics of faecal sludges in ordinary pit latrines. Knowledge of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge from different layers of the pit apart from providing an indication of the nature of pit contents endeavoured to provide information and decision support for managing pit latrines during their normal lifespan. Therefore, this paper was aimed at investigating the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge samples to equip latrine owners with environmental and health implications of this sludge. Legisl

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Couderc, A. A. L., K. Foxon, C. A. Buckley, et al. "The effect of moisture content and alkalinity on the anaerobic biodegradation of pit latrine sludge." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 7 (2008): 1461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.449.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigated the effect of additional moisture and/or alkalinity on the rate of anaerobic digestion in samples of material obtained from pit latrines. In modified serum bottle tests it was shown that poor gas production rates were observed from all experiments with material collected at the lower part of one pit. Using material from the top layer of a second pit it was shown that experimental bottles produced significant amounts of gas for all treatments. Analysis of data indicated that treatment with additional alkalinity had no discernible effect on anaerobic gas production rates,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Kalulu, Khumbo, Bernard Thole, Theresa Mkandawire, and Grant Kululanga. "Resource-Efficient Characterisation of Pit Latrine Sludge for Use in Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 4702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094702.

Full text

Abstract:

Resource recovery through reuse of by-products of the sanitation chain presents a great potential towards ensuring universal access to safely managed sanitation. Many developing countries are faced with uncertainty over public and environmental health concerns associated with use of faecal sludge in agriculture. Due to resource constraints, limited data exists on the characteristics of faecal sludge to inform proper and safe use in agriculture. Despite predictive characterisation being demonstrated to be a resource-efficient approach to generate data in other fields, its application in agricul

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ifeuzu, Ugwu Francis, and Prof Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka. "Modeling the Filling Rate of Faeces in Ordinary Pit Latrines." Indian Journal of Agriculture Engineering 1, no. 1 (2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijae.a1503.051121.

Full text

Abstract:

Faecal sludge deposited into the pit latrine is subject to biodegradation. The aim of this research was to develop model for the filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrine together with the effect of shape factor on such fillings to prepare the minds of users on the filling characteristics of the pit based on contents, usage and environmental factors. Consequently, faecal sludges sampled from 100 pits already filled were subjected to laboratory analyses for their physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Models for the actual filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrines were deri

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ifeuzu, Ugwu Francis, and Prof Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka. "Modeling the Filling Rate of Faeces in Ordinary Pit Latrines." Indian Journal of Agriculture Engineering 1, no. 1 (2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijae.a1503.051121.

Full text

Abstract:

Faecal sludge deposited into the pit latrine is subject to biodegradation. The aim of this research was to develop model for the filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrine together with the effect of shape factor on such fillings to prepare the minds of users on the filling characteristics of the pit based on contents, usage and environmental factors. Consequently, faecal sludges sampled from 100 pits already filled were subjected to laboratory analyses for their physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Models for the actual filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrines were deri

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ugwu, Francis Ifeuzu, and Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba. "Modeling the Filling Rate of Faeces in Ordinary Pit Latrines." Indian Journal of Agriculture Engineering (IJAE) 1, no. 1 (2021): 32–44. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijae.A1503.051121.

Full text

Abstract:

Faecal sludge deposited into the pit latrine is subject to biodegradation. The aim of this research was to develop model for the filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrine together with the effect of shape factor on such fillings to prepare the minds of users on the filling characteristics of the pit based on contents, usage and environmental factors. Consequently, faecal sludges sampled from 100 pits already filled were subjected to laboratory analyses for their physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Models for the actual filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrines were deri

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kalulu, Khumbo, Bernard Thole, Theresa Mkandawire, and Grant Kululanga. "Application of Process Intensification in the Treatment of Pit Latrine Sludge from Informal Settlements in Blantyre City, Malawi." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (2020): 3296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093296.

Full text

Abstract:

Many developing countries lack the infrastructure needed for the treatment of fecal sludge. One limitation in implementing available treatment options is the limited availability of land in the urban areas of these countries. This paper investigated the application of process intensification as a way of reducing the land area required to dewater and sanitize pit latrine sludge from informal settlements in Blantyre City, Malawi. The intensification of the sludge treatment process was achieved by enhancing dewatering through the application of additives and by combining the dewatering and saniti

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Smith, Savanna K., Benjamin B. Risk, Rochelle H. Holm, et al. "Microbial community function and bacterial pathogen composition in pit latrines in peri-urban Malawi." PLOS Water 2, no. 10 (2023): e0000171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000171.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite the widespread global reliance on pit latrines as improved sanitation systems, the decomposition of waste within pit latrines is poorly understood. One area needing elucidation is the characterization and function of microbial communities within pit latrines. To address this gap, we characterized the microbial communities of 55 lined pit latrines at three sampling layers from two communities in peri-urban Malawi. The microbial communities of the fecal sludge samples were analyzed for beta diversity, pathogen presence, and functional profiling. Household surveys were conducted and used

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Mrimi, Emmanuel C., Fatuma J. Matwewe, Christopher C. Kellner, and Jacqueline M. Thomas. "Safe resource recovery from faecal sludge: evidence from an innovative treatment system in rural Tanzania." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, no. 6 (2020): 1737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ew01097a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Letah Nzouebet, Wilfried Arsène, Ives Magloire Kengne Noumsi, and Andrea Rechenburg. "Prevalence and diversity of intestinal helminth eggs in pit latrine sludge of a tropical urban area." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 4 (2016): 622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.074.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of helminth eggs in pit latrine sludge in Yaounde, Cameroon. A total of 30 faecal sludge samples were collected in various latrines and analysed for physico-chemical parameters and helminth eggs' characterization was undertaken using standard protocols. Effects of physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand for 5 days, nitrogen ammonia, dry matter (DM), moisture content) on the parasite eggs were addressed. The total helminth egg concentrat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Harper, James, Angela Bielefeldt, Amy Javernick-Will, Toeur Veasna, and Chris Nicoletti. "Context and intentions: practical associations for fecal sludge management in rural low-income Cambodia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 2 (2020): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.103.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Finite storage capacities of household pit latrines make safely managing fecal sludge a recurring challenge for 2.7 billion people globally. Frequently without guidance from standards or regulation, rural latrine owners choose how to manage their own fecal sludge. However, their intentions – what behavioral science says are the best predictors of future behaviors – when pits fill are poorly understood, inhibiting the development of safe fecal sludge management (FSM) solutions and deteriorating public and environmental health. Using survey data commonly measured by development practiti

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Awere, Eric, and K. B. M. Edu-Buandoh. "REDUCING SLUDGE VOLUME IN PIT LATRINES: CAN LATRINE ADDITIVES IN GHANA HELP?" International Journal of Advanced Research 4, no. 8 (2016): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/1221.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Madikizela, Phindile, Shafick Hoossein, Richard K. Laubscher, et al. "Disaster Risk Management, Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines, and Sanitation Challenges in South Africa." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (2022): 6934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116934.

Full text

Abstract:

The current paper provides a review and meta-analysis of the practical implications of disaster risk management related to the ventilated improved latrines in South Africa. This technology is evaluated through its legacy and novel challenges of disaster risk reduction. In the current article, the methodology adopted was a literature review and meta-analyses. The results indicate that the in-situ treatment and breakdown of faecal sludge in the ventilated improved pit latrines is not always taking place and that anaerobic digestion might not always be feasible. New strategies are proposed to man

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Silumesii, Mampi, Erastus Mwanaumo, and Lucky Mwiinga. "Factors Determining the Actual Emptying Fees for Fecal Sludge in Unplanned Residential Areas of Lusaka District, Zambia." International Journal of Advanced Research 7, no. 1 (2024): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijar.7.1.2125.

Full text

Abstract:

In Sub-Saharan Africa, and specifically in Zambia, managing fecal sludge presents significant challenges, particularly in the unplanned residential areas of Lusaka where the majority of the population relies on pit latrines. Despite these challenges, the Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company (LWSC) has intensified its efforts to improve sanitation by establishing a dedicated Faecal Sludge Management Unit. This unit not only provides essential services such as the emptying and transportation of fecal sludge but also coordinates with various service providers to ensure that these services a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Bond, Tom, Queenie Tse, Clementine L. Chambon, et al. "The feasibility of char and bio-oil production from pyrolysis of pit latrine sludge." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 4, no. 2 (2018): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ew00380c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Dey, Digbijoy, A. T. M. Ridwanul Haque, Babar Kabir, and Sharmin Farhat Ubaid. "Fecal indicator and Ascaris removal from double pit latrine content." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 6 (2016): 972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.214.

Full text

Abstract:

Since May 2006, the BRAC Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Programme in Bangladesh has enabled more than 30 million people to achieve hygienic sanitation, contributing to an increase in sanitation coverage from 33 to 83% in programme areas and rapid progress towards universal access. In rural areas, most families have single pit latrines that need to be emptied when full. Since 2007, BRAC has promoted the use of hygienic double-pit latrines. Use of double-pit latrines, where appropriate, is also recommended in the Bangladeshi Draft National Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy. More than 80

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Brands, Jordan, Leandra Rhodes-Dicker, Wali Mwalugongo, Ruthie Rosenberg, Lindsay Stradley, and David Auerbach. "Improving management of manually emptied pit latrine waste in Nairobi’s urban informal settlements." Waterlines 40, no. 1 (2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00003.

Full text

Abstract:

Sanergy has offered reliable, non-sewered sanitation services in Nairobi, Kenya through the implementation of container-based, urine-diverting dry toilets. However, there remains a large volume of untreated faecal waste in urban informal settlements due to poorly managed pit latrines. With limited space in the settlements to bury old pits and dig new ones, management of faecal sludge requires manual pit emptying and safe discharge. Sanergy piloted the Mtaa Fresh project in the settlement of Mukuru Kwa Njenga, establishing a waste transfer station where manual pit emptiers could safely and reli

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Bond, Tom, Queenie Tse, Clementine L. Chambon, Paul Fennell, Geoff D. Fowler, and Michael R. Templeton. "Retraction: The feasibility of char and bio-oil production from pyrolysis of pit latrine sludge." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 3, no. 6 (2017): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ew90022h.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Marks, R. F. "Appropriate Sanitation Options for Southern Africa." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0003.

Full text

Abstract:

An overview is given of the present types of sanitation systems used in both rural and urban areas in Southern Africa, with particular reference to Zimbabwe. On-site and off-site dry sanitation methods are described, including different types of pit latrines, with special reference to the Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrine. Wet systems with on or off-site disposal methods are briefly described, and details are given of two methods of off-site disposal which are widely used in Zimbabwe, viz Waste Stabilisation Ponds (WSP) and the Modified Activated Sludge (MAS) system for biological nutrient

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Naidoo, D., C. E. Archer, S. Septien, C. C. Appleton, and C. A. Buckley. "Inactivation of Ascaris for thermal treatment and drying applications in faecal sludge." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 2 (2020): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.119.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common helminth of human health importance, and the most resilient helminth found in faecal sludge. There are numerous types of sludge treatments; however, heating and drying are most commonly used for pathogen inactivation. Ascaris suum eggs were heated in a water bath at 40–55 °C for 10 seconds to 60 minutes in water, as well as heated in both urine diversion dry toilet and ventilated improved pit latrine sludge at 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C for times ranging from 5 seconds to 120 minutes. Eggs were also spiked into sludges of different moisture contents

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Mchenga, Joshua, and Rochelle H. Holm. "Can a precast pit latrine concrete floor withstand emptying operations? An investigation from Malawi." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 1 (2018): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.096.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract For fecal sludge from households in low- and middle-income countries to be treated offsite it needs to be removed, which can be greatly affected by the pit latrine floor design. However, it is unclear whether precast pit latrine concrete floors (latrine slabs) can withstand emptiers and their equipment. To investigate this issue, 28 prefabricated latrine slabs were purchased in two cities of Malawi. They were first visually evaluated, and then their compression strength was tested. Additionally, each seller was asked a series of questions to better understand their business, training,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Collings, Dylan, Roman Tandlich, Cyril S. Dube, Phindile Madikizela, Nosiphiwe P. Ngqwala, and Mushtaque Ahmed. "Preliminary Study on the Potential Use of Fly Ash as a Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine Additive." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 45, no. 4 (2019): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2019.395.

Full text

Abstract:

This study describes the results of a series of laboratory experiments on aimed at developing of a protocol for the use of fly ash as a pit additive in the ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) in South Africa. Model VIP vaults were prepared in the laboratory and filled with synthetic faecal sludge; and dosed with fly ash in amounts ranging from 5 to 20 % (w/w). The maximum leachable chemical oxygen demand (COD) accounted for 3.2 % of the total organic matter, while the maximum leachable ammonium accounted for 1.4 % of the leachable ammonium present in the synthetic faecal sludge. All phosph

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Holm, Rochelle H., Alinafe Kamangira, Mavuto Tembo, et al. "Sanitation service delivery in smaller urban areas (Mzuzu and Karonga, Malawi)." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 2 (2018): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247818766495.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper assesses the provision of sanitation services in two urban areas in northern Malawi, both with populations under 150,000, to determine the potential for private sector enterprises to contribute to longer-term self-reliance as part of the overall sanitation situation. The paper shows that most households in the two study areas use pit latrines and remain unserved with regard to both faecal sludge management and solid waste removal. Local governments have been unable to offer adequate coverage of sanitation services, and community-based organizations are doing very little that is rele

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Radford, J. T., S. Malinga, G. Drummond, H. Atayo, A. B. Whitesell, and S. Sugden. "Latrine desludging pump development using a simple test for simulant strength: A case study from Uganda." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 4 (2015): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.013.

Full text

Abstract:

A simple and low-cost test to measure the physical strength of faecal sludge simulants is presented and used in the development of improved desludging pumps in Kampala, Uganda. The technical performance of two variants of the Gulper manual pump have for the first time been quantitatively assessed under controlled conditions. The time taken to prime and the average flow rate in the following 30 seconds are reported for both pumps on two different strengths of faecal sludge, demonstrating a distinct improvement in the redesigned Gulper II. This pump is now undergoing field trials across East Afr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Bakare, BF, CJ Brouckaert, KM Foxon, and CA Buckley. "An investigation of the effect of pit latrine additives on VIP latrine sludge content under laboratory and field trials." Water SA 41, no. 4 (2015): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i4.10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Peletz, Rachel, Andy Feng, Clara MacLeod, et al. "Expanding safe fecal sludge management in Kisumu, Kenya: an experimental comparison of latrine pit-emptying services." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 4 (2020): 744–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.060.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Most residents of Kisumu, Kenya, use latrines constructed over basic pits or attached to more durable concrete vaults and septic tanks. Only one-third of fecal sludge generated in the city, however, is safely collected and treated. Programs for improving fecal sludge management among poor households include the development of formal manual emptying organizations that are recognized by local authorities, employ safety procedures, and transport fecal sludge to a treatment site. In this study, we compared the financial structures of these organizations with those of vacuum trucks that pr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Gudda, F. O., W. N. Moturi, S. O. Omondi, and E. W. Muchiri. "Analysis of physiochemical characteristics influencing disposal of pit latrine sludge in Nakuru Municipality, Kenya." African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (2017): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajest2016.2226.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Greya, Wilson, Bernard Thole, Catherine Anderson, Flavius Kamwani, Jan Spit, and Grover Mamani. "Off-Site Lime Stabilisation as an Option to Treat Pit Latrine Faecal Sludge for Emergency and Existing On-Site Sanitation Systems." Journal of Waste Management 2016 (May 26, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2717304.

Full text

Abstract:

Off-site lime stabilisation for treating faecal sludge was assessed by undertaking small-scale (35 L) and large-scale (600 L) field trials in Blantyre, Malawi. Hydrated lime was dosed to maintain pH 10, pH 10.5, pH 11, pH 11.5, and pH 12 depending on the buffer capacity of the faecal sludge in the four replica small-scale field trials. Significant reduction of E. coli to below the detection limit of 104 CFU/100 mL within 1 hour of treatment was reported for pH > 11. Based on the small-scale findings, large-scale field trials were conducted and greater than 3 log removal of E. coli was obser

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Khumbo, Kalulu, Thole Bernard, Chikhwenda Edward, Thengolose Adamson, and Kululanga Grant. "Comparative risk of pit latrine sludge from unplanned settlements and wastewater in Mzuzu City, Malawi." African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (2018): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajest2017.2439.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Wilcox, Jonathan, Nicholas Kuria, Bruce Rutayisire, Rachel Sklar, Jamie Bartram, and Barbara Evans. "Cross-subsidies are a viable option to fund formal pit latrine emptying services: Evidence from Kigali, Rwanda." PLOS ONE 19, no. 8 (2024): e0307471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307471.

Full text

Abstract:

Pit latrines are the most common household sanitation system in East African cities. Urbanisation reduces the space available for new latrines to be constructed when pits fill and they increasingly require emptying. But formal services that empty and transport sludge to safe disposal or treatment are often unaffordable to low-income households. Cross-subsidies have been suggested to fund services for low-income households but there are no academic studies assessing this funding mechanism. This study analyses empirical financial and operational data shared by a formal service provider in Kigali

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Burt, Zachary, Rachel Sklar, and Ashley Murray. "Costs and Willingness to Pay for Pit Latrine Emptying Services in Kigali, Rwanda." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (2019): 4738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234738.

Full text

Abstract:

Kigali, Rwanda lacks a centralized sewer system, which leaves residents to choose between on-site options; the majority of residents in informal settlements use pit latrines as their primary form of sanitation. When their pits fill, the pits are either sealed, or emptied; emptying is often done by hand and then dumped in the environment, putting the residents and the broader population at risk of infectious disease outbreaks. In this paper, we used revealed and stated preference models to: (1) estimate the demand curve for improved emptying services; and, (2) evaluate household preferences and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Manga, M., B. E. Evans, M. A. Camargo-Valero, and N. J. Horan. "Effect of filter media thickness on the performance of sand drying beds used for faecal sludge management." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 12 (2016): 2795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.451.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of sand filter media thickness on the performance of faecal sludge (FS) drying beds was determined in terms of: dewatering time, contaminant load removal efficiency, solids generation rate, nutrient content and helminth eggs viability in the dried sludge. A mixture of ventilated improved pit latrine sludge and septage in the ratio 1:2 was dewatered using three pilot-scale sludge drying beds with sand media thicknesses of 150, 250 and 350 mm. Five dewatering cycles were conducted and monitored for each drying bed. Although the 150 mm filter had the shortest average dewatering time of

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Kalulu, Khumbo, Bernard Thole, Theresa Mkandawire, and Grant Kululanga. "Predictive Modelling for Characterisation of Organics in Pit Latrine Sludge in Unplanned Settlements in Cities of Malawi." Journal of Ecological Engineering 19, no. 3 (2018): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/86462.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Karkana, M. Z., and Adamu Muktar. "Assessment of Faecal Sludge Management in Nguru Town, Yobe State, Northeastern Nigeria." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 6, no. 1 (2021): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.024.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the study is to assess faecal sludge management (FSM) in Nguru town, Nguru Local Government area of Yobe State. Random sampling method was used in the selection of respondents in six political wards of the study area. A total of 399 questionnaires were administered to respondents in the study area with the view to identify the types and current practices of faecal sludge management in the study area. The result of the study indicates that majority of the respondents 68% used pit latrine, 24% used water closet while 8% used other type of toilet facilities. However, on the excreta def

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ahamada, Zziwa, Norah Nabulime Maureen, Kiggundu Nicholas, Kambugu Robert, Katimbo Abia, and John Komakech Allan. "A critical analysis of physiochemical properties influencing pit latrine emptying and feacal sludge disposal in Kampala Slums, Uganda." African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 10, no. 10 (2016): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajest2016.2163.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Chirwa, Charles, Ralph Hall, Leigh-Anne Krometis, et al. "Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge Resistance Using a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Low Income Areas in Mzuzu City, Malawi." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 2 (2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020087.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Rochelle, Holm, Madalitso Tembo James, and Thole Bernard. "A comparative study of faecal sludge management in Malawi and Zambia: Status, challenges and opportunities in pit latrine emptying." African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 9, no. 11 (2015): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajest2015.1971.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Doglas, Benjamin, Richard Kimwaga, and Aloyce Mayo. "A multiple regression model for prediction of optimal dose of Moringa Oleifera in faecal sludge dewatering." Water Practice and Technology 17, no. 1 (2021): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.099.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Moringa Oleifera (MO) is a highly effective conditioner in the dewatering of Fecal sludge (FS). However, the model for the prediction of its optimal dose has not yet been documented. This article presents the results of the developed model for the prediction of MO optimal doses. The developed model was based on assessing the FS parameters and MO stock solution. The FS samples were obtained from a mixture of a pit latrine and septic tank and were analyzed at the water quality laboratory of the University of Dar es Salaam. The multiple linear regression model was used to establish a rel

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Beukes, Lorika S., and Stefan Schmidt. "Antibiotic resistance profiles of coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci from pit latrine fecal sludge in a peri-urban South African community." Folia Microbiologica 63, no. 5 (2018): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12223-018-0605-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Capone, Drew, Petros Chigwechokha, Francis L. de los Reyes, et al. "Impact of sampling depth on pathogen detection in pit latrines." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (2021): e0009176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009176.

Full text

Abstract:

Wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) is increasingly used to provide decision makers with actionable data about community health. WBE efforts to date have primarily focused on sewer-transported wastewater in high-income countries, but at least 1.8 billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) use onsite sanitation systems such as pit latrines and septic tanks. Like wastewater, fecal sludges from such systems offer similar advantages in community pathogen monitoring and other epidemiological applications. To evaluate the distribution of enteric pathogens inside pit latrines–which cou

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!