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Journal articles on the topic 'Pit-to-crack transition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Goswami,, Tarun, and David W. Hoeppner,. "Transition Criteria - From a Pit to a Crack." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 10, no. 5-6 (December 1999): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm.1999.10.5-6.261.

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2

Huang, Xuejun, Lun Yu, and Ronald Ballinger. "Alternating Current Potential Drop Technique to Detect Pit-to-Crack Transition." MRS Advances 1, no. 17 (2016): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.262.

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ABSTRACTPitting and localized corrosion can occur under various conditions and accelerate the subsequent cracking and the failure of a component. Pit-to-crack transition is considered a critical transition process and has a significant impact on the total lifetime of a component. In this study, an alternating current potential drop (ACPD) system is built and applied the detection of the pit-to-crack transition. The results show that the ACPD system is capable and sensitive to crack initiation and that the sensitivity increased with increased frequency. Crack initiation sites from pits are characterized and discussed.

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3

Mantha, Divakar, and Scott A. Fawaz. "Standardized Test Method for Corrosion Pit-to-Fatigue Crack Transition for AA7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.205.

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Corrosion damage (pit) is a stress raiser that can have deleterious effects on the fatigue life of airframe structural components. A better understanding and method for modeling the corrosion pit to fatigue crack transition would advance the fidelity of aircraft structural integrity estimates and fleet management decision making. Here, the focus is on developing a standardized fatigue test method for investigating the transition of a corrosion pit to fatigue crack in aluminum alloy AA 7075-T651 specimens. The standardized test method requires the development and validation of two sub-protocols (1) a pitting protocol to create a corrosion pit less than 200 μm diameter at the intersection of the central hole bore and planar surface of sheet and (2) a spot welding protocol for attaching the direct current potential drop (dcPD) probes on either side of the corrosion pit for fatigue crack growth measurement. A dcPD fatigue test method coupled with a unique 10-4-6 marker load sequence is used to measure the fatigue crack growth. The crack shape evolution and crack growth life are predicted using AFGROW.

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4

Huang, Xiao-guang, and Jin-quan Xu. "3D analysis for pit evolution and pit-to-crack transition during corrosion fatigue." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 14, no. 4 (April 2013): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.a1200273.

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5

Jakubowski, Marek. "Influence of Pitting Corrosion on Fatigue and Corrosion Fatigue of Ship and Offshore Structures, Part II: Load - Pit - Crack Interaction." Polish Maritime Research 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0057.

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Abstract In the paper has been discussed influence of stresses on general corrosion rate and corrosion pit nucleation rate and growth , whose presence has been questioned by some authors but accepted by most of them. Influence of roughness of pit walls on fatigue life of a plate suffering pit corrosion and presence of the so called „ non-damaging” pits which never lead to initiation of fatigue crack, has been presented. Possibility of prediction of pit-to-crack transition moment by two different ways, i.e. considering a pit a stress concentrator or an equivalent crack, has been analyzed. Also, influence of statistical distribution of depth of corrosion pits as well as anticorrosion protection on fatigue and corrosion fatigue has been described.

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6

Turnbull, Alan. "Corrosion pitting and environmentally assisted small crack growth." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2169 (September 8, 2014): 20140254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0254.

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In many applications, corrosion pits act as precursors to cracking, but qualitative and quantitative prediction of damage evolution has been hampered by lack of insights into the process by which a crack develops from a pit. An overview is given of recent breakthroughs in characterization and understanding of the pit-to-crack transition using advanced three-dimensional imaging techniques such as X-ray computed tomography and focused ion beam machining with scanning electron microscopy. These techniques provided novel insights with respect to the location of crack development from a pit, supported by finite-element analysis. This inspired a new concept for the role of pitting in stress corrosion cracking based on the growing pit inducing local dynamic plastic strain, a critical factor in the development of stress corrosion cracks. Challenges in quantifying the subsequent growth rate of the emerging small cracks are then outlined with the potential drop technique being the most viable. A comparison is made with the growth rate for short cracks (through-thickness crack in fracture mechanics specimen) and long cracks and an electrochemical crack size effect invoked to rationalize the data.

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7

Amiri, M., A. Arcari, L. Airoldi, M. Naderi, and N. Iyyer. "A continuum damage mechanics model for pit-to-crack transition in AA2024-T3." Corrosion Science 98 (September 2015): 678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.06.009.

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8

Jones, K., DW Hoeppner, and SW Dean. "Effect of Microstructure on Pit-to-Crack Transition of 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Journal of ASTM International 3, no. 7 (2006): 100485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai100485.

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9

Sabelkin, V., S. Mall, and H. Misak. "Investigation into Corrosion Pit-to-Fatigue Crack Transition in 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 26, no. 6 (May 1, 2017): 2535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2697-4.

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10

Balbín, J. A., V. Chaves, and N. O. Larrosa. "Pit to crack transition and corrosion fatigue lifetime reduction estimations by means of a short crack microstructural model." Corrosion Science 180 (March 2021): 109171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109171.

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11

Schönbauer, Bernd M., Andrea Perlega, Ulrike P. Karr, David Gandy, and Stefanie E. Stanzl-Tschegg. "Pit-to-crack transition under cyclic loading in 12% Cr steam turbine blade steel." International Journal of Fatigue 76 (July 2015): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.10.010.

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12

Turnbull, A., and S. Zhou. "Pit to crack transition in stress corrosion cracking of a steam turbine disc steel." Corrosion Science 46, no. 5 (May 2004): 1239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2003.09.017.

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13

Jones, Kimberli, and David W. Hoeppner. "Pit-to-crack transition in pre-corroded 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under cyclic loading." Corrosion Science 47, no. 9 (September 2005): 2185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2004.10.004.

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14

Verma, B. B., M. Mallik, J. D. Atkinson, and P. K. Ray. "Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth Behavior of 7475 Aluminium Alloy in Air and Aggressive Environment." Advanced Materials Research 428 (January 2012): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.428.133.

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Present investigation is devoted to study the effects of aqueous solution of 3.5% NaCl on high-cycle stress life and fatigue crack growth behavior of 7475-T7351 alloy. At low alternating stress the environment test exhibited corrosion pit dominated crack initiation and at high stress level crack initiation occurred through anodic dissolution. Corrosive environment resulted reduction in fatigue life, crack growth rate enhancement and drop in stage-I to stage-II transition. The behavior is explained with the help of fractographic observations.

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15

Trueba, Monica, and Stefano P. Trasatti. "Electrochemical approach to repassivation kinetics of Al alloys: gaining insight into environmentally assisted cracking." Corrosion Reviews 33, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 373–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2015-0054.

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AbstractThis work provides a broad overview of the systematic experimental studies conducted in our group to understand the factors governing the transition to a more occluded corrosion front during the repassivation of Al alloys, manifested by the appearance of an inflection during anodic polarization into the active region in NaCl solutions. The collected data and the derived empirical relationships enabled us to discern the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects controlling the transition to more occluded local damage. From the thermodynamic standpoint, the potential at the inflection, namely, the pit transition potential Eptp, can be considered as the thermodynamic driving force of Al dissolution in the acidified pit-like solution in contact with a freshly created surface. The associated current density iptp and the steepness of the potential decrease with current below Eptp are determined by interfacial electrochemical kinetics. More importantly, all these properties are influenced by electrochemical and metallurgical events, including residual stresses. These findings point to the electrochemical approach in combination with external mechanical load as a promising tool for investigating environmentally assisted cracking, in particular, crack nucleation and non-steady crack tip processes.

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16

Chen, Ziguang, Siavash Jafarzadeh, Jiangming Zhao, and Florin Bobaru. "A coupled mechano-chemical peridynamic model for pit-to-crack transition in stress-corrosion cracking." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 146 (January 2021): 104203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2020.104203.

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17

Turnbull, A., L. Wright, and L. Crocker. "New insight into the pit-to-crack transition from finite element analysis of the stress and strain distribution around a corrosion pit." Corrosion Science 52, no. 4 (April 2010): 1492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.12.004.

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18

Huang, Yuhui, Shan-Tung Tu, and Fu-Zhen Xuan. "Pit to crack transition behavior in proportional and non-proportional multiaxial corrosion fatigue of 304 stainless steel." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 184 (October 2017): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.08.019.

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19

Turnbull, A., L. N. McCartney, and S. Zhou. "A model to predict the evolution of pitting corrosion and the pit-to-crack transition incorporating statistically distributed input parameters." Corrosion Science 48, no. 8 (August 2006): 2084–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2005.08.010.

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20

Arunachalam, Saravanan, and Scott Fawaz. "Test method for corrosion pit-to-fatigue crack transition from a corner of hole in 7075-T651 aluminum alloy." International Journal of Fatigue 91 (October 2016): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.05.021.

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21

Sadananda, K., and A. K. Vasudevan. "Analysis of pit to crack transition under corrosion fatigue & the safe-life approach using the modified Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram." International Journal of Fatigue 134 (May 2020): 105471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105471.

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22

Cheng, Chang Gui, Wen Cheng Wan, Zhong Tian Liu, and Yong Rui Zheng. "Causes and Countermeasures of Cracking in Cogging Process of 40Cr Bloom." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.111.

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This paper has analyzed the solidification structure and thermodynamic state of bloom by means of the electron microscopy observation and heat transfer model, and studied the cracking mechanism and influence factors in the cogging process of 40Cr bloom. The results show that the main cracking reasons are the unreasonable secondary cooling scheme, the high reheating temperature in the bloom surface, the coarser grain and widmanstatten structure of the bloom subsurface. When the bloom is conveyed from the steel mill to rolling mill, the bloom may crack for the phase transition stress and thermal stress, some micro-cracks occur in the bloom surface, furthermore, the crack will expand when it is heated in the heating furnace and rolled in the cogging mill, the cracking occurs in bloom eventually. In order to reduce the bloom cracking in the cogging process, it must optimize the secondary cooling system, reduce the cooling intensity, and adopt the thermal insulation, hot delivery and hot charge process. If the bloom can not be conveyed in the hot delivery and hot charge mode, it should be conveyed to the slow cooling pit.

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23

Sun, Xin, Rong Li Nan, Bo Zhao Shu, Hang Wang, Li Juan Zhu, and Li Hong Han. "Corrosion Behavior for Casing in Producing Well with Water Injection Technology during Long-Term Service." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1168.

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Corrosion leakage became serious due to cyclic sewage injection and continuous increase in water injection pressure. Corrosion behavior for N80 casing was studied during long-term service, using corrosion reaction kettle and weight loss method. The morphology and composition were characterized with laser confocal microscopy (LCM), scan electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). These results showed that corrosion rate remained constantly at initial stage, and increased gradually, then sharply reached to 0.327mm/a at later stage, accompanying with inflection point under oxygen condition. Meanwhile, corrosion rate decreased significantly from 0.028mm/a to 0.020mm/a under oxygen-free condition. The corrosion of N80 steel was dominated by dissolved oxygen, and accelerated by chloridion. The micro-mechanism was suggested to be the transition of defect structure from crack with micron range to etch pit with millimeter range.

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24

Fang, B. Y., R. L. Eadie, W. X. Chen, and M. Elboujdaini. "Pit to crack transition in X-52 pipeline steel in near neutral pH environment Part 1 – formation of blunt cracks from pits under cyclic loading." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 45, no. 4 (August 2010): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/147842208x386304.

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25

Galyon Dorman, Sarah E., Justin W. Rausch, Saravanan Arunachalam, and Scott A. Fawaz. "Examination and prediction of corrosion fatigue damage and inhibition." Corrosion Reviews 35, no. 4-5 (October 26, 2017): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0057.

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AbstractThe United States Department of Defense (DoD) estimated that the annual cost of corrosion to weapon systems and infrastructure in 2014 exceeded $18 billion and that the number was likely to continue to rise. Corrosion affects military readiness by taking critical weapon systems out of action, due to the degradation of equipment. Unfortunately, as the warfighters demand more from their systems, corrosion prevention and control is frequently traded during the acquisition cycle for weapon system performance. As a result, the DoD remains entrenched in a find-and-fix corrosion management philosophy which is expensive and unsustainable. Better standardized laboratory procedures are needed to help the DoD develop (1) a fundamental understanding of corrosion damage, (2) material performance data relevant to corrosion damage, (3) prediction methodologies to help mitigate the effects of corrosion nucleated damage and (4) to develop an understanding of how corrosion preventative coatings can slow mechanical damage. This paper addresses the effect of the corrosion inhibitors strontium chromate and calcium molybdate in concentrations relevant to service on corrosion fatigue damage as well as presents development of a test methodology for the examination of the corrosion pit-to-fatigue crack transition to help the DoD improve corrosion protection system selection.

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26

Ben Seghier, Mohamed El Amine, Behrooz Keshtegar, and Hussam Mahmoud. "Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Uniform and Pitting Corrosion and Brittle Fracture." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081820.

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Reinforced concrete (RC) beams are basic elements used in the construction of various structures and infrastructural systems. When exposed to harsh environmental conditions, the integrity of RC beams could be compromised as a result of various deterioration mechanisms. One of the most common deterioration mechanisms is the formation of different types of corrosion in the steel reinforcements of the beams, which could impact the overall reliability of the beam. Existing classical reliability analysis methods have shown unstable results when used for the assessment of highly nonlinear problems, such as corroded RC beams. To that end, the main purpose of this paper is to explore the use of a structural reliability method for the multi-state assessment of corroded RC beams. To do so, an improved reliability method, namely the three-term conjugate map (TCM) based on the first order reliability method (FORM), is used. The application of the TCM method to identify the multi-state failure of RC beams is validated against various well-known structural reliability-based FORM formulations. The limit state function (LSF) for corroded RC beams is formulated in accordance with two corrosion types, namely uniform and pitting corrosion, and with consideration of brittle fracture due to the pit-to-crack transition probability. The time-dependent reliability analyses conducted in this study are also used to assess the influence of various parameters on the resulting failure probability of the corroded beams. The results show that the nominal bar diameter, corrosion initiation rate, and the external loads have an important influence on the safety of these structures. In addition, the proposed method is shown to outperform other reliability-based FORM formulations in predicting the level of reliability in RC beams.

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27

De Meo, Dennj, Luigi Russo, and Erkan Oterkus. "Modeling of the Onset, Propagation, and Interaction of Multiple Cracks Generated From Corrosion Pits by Using Peridynamics." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 139, no. 4 (May 12, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4036443.

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High stress regions around corrosion pits can lead to crack nucleation and propagation. In fact, in many engineering applications, corrosion pits act as precursor to cracking, but prediction of structural damage has been hindered by lack of understanding of the process by which a crack develops from a pit and limitations in visualization and measurement techniques. An experimental approach able to accurately quantify the stress and strain field around corrosion pits is still lacking. In this regard, numerical modeling can be helpful. Several numerical models, usually based on finite element method (FEM), are available for predicting the evolution of long cracks. However, the methodology for dealing with the nucleation of damage is less well developed, and, often, numerical instabilities arise during the simulation of crack propagation. Moreover, the popular assumption that the crack has the same depth as the pit at the point of transition and by implication initiates at the pit base has no intrinsic foundation. A numerical approach is required to model nucleation and propagation of cracks without being affected by any numerical instability and without assuming crack initiation from the base of the pit. This is achieved in the present study, where peridynamics (PD) theory is used in order to overcome the major shortcomings of the currently available numerical approaches. Pit-to-crack transition phenomenon is modeled, and nonconventional and more effective numerical frameworks that can be helpful in failure analysis and in the design of new fracture-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials are presented.

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28

"The brittle-ductile transition in silicon. II. Interpretation." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 421, no. 1860 (January 9, 1989): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1989.0002.

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A dynamic crack tip shielding model has been developed to describe the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) of precracked crystals in constant strain-rate tests. Dislocations are emitted from a discrete number of sources at or near the crack tip. At the BDT the dislocations are emitted and move sufficiently rapidly to shield the most vulnerable parts of the crack, furthest away from the sources, such that the local stress intensity factor remains below K Ic for values of the applied stress intensity factor K above K Ic . Computer simulations of the dynamics of dislocation generation from the crack tip sources, assuming mode III loading, suggest that a sharp transition as observed in silicon is predicted only if generation starts at K ≡ K 0 ≈ K Ic , but then continues at K ≡ K N ≪ K Ic . Dislocation etch pit studies reported by Samuels & Roberts ( Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 421, 1─23 (1989)) (hereafter called I) confirm that generation begins at K 0 ≈ K Ic . It is suggested that K 0 corresponds to the value of K at which a crack tip source is nucleated by movement of an existing dislocation in the crystal to the crack tip. The model accounts quantitatively for the strain-rate dependence of the transition temperature T c reported in I, and predicts a dependence of T c on dislocation density, in qualitative agreement with (unpublished) experiments. Calcluations of the strees field around the crack tip of a semicircular precrack, suggest that the ends of the half loops emitted by crack tip sources undergo multiple cross slip to follow the crack profile. The predicted dislocation configurations agree with etch pit observations reported in I.

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29

Chan, K. S., J. T. Burns, M. P. Enright, J. Moody, and W. Goodrum. "Validation of Hot Corrosion and Fatigue Models in HOTPITS." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 142, no. 3 (February 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4045710.

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Abstract HOTPITS is a set of physics-based modeling tools for treating Type II hot corrosion in Ni-based superalloys. The methodology includes modeling the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of pits and microcracks as a random process, as well as the transition of pits to micrcracks and the propagation of the resulting large crack to failure. In this investigation, critical experiments were performed on coupon and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) specimens in order to validate the hot corrosion and the fatigue models in HOTPITS. The pit nucleation, growth, and coalescence models in HOTPITS including the assumption of a random process are validated by the hot corrosion critical experiments performed at two salt contents. The LCF critical experiments, performed using a marker band protocol, validated the stress concentration factor-based models used to predict the pit-to-crack transition in the HOTPITS tool.

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30

Chan, Kwai S., Michael P. Enright, and Jonathan P. Moody. "Development of a Probabilistic Methodology for Predicting Hot Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Life of Gas Turbine Engine Disks." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 136, no. 2 (November 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4025555.

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Advanced Ni-based gas turbine disks are expected to operate at higher service temperatures in aggressive environments for longer time durations. Exposures of Ni-based alloys to alkaline-metal salts and sulfur compounds at elevated temperatures can lead to hot corrosion fatigue crack growth in engine disks. Type II hot corrosion involves the formation and growth of corrosion pits in Ni-based alloys at a temperature range of 650 °C to 750 °C. Once formed, these corrosion pits can serve as stress concentration sites where fatigue cracks can initiate and propagate to failure under subsequent cyclic loading. In this paper, a probabilistic methodology is developed for predicting the corrosion fatigue crack growth life of gas turbine engine disks made from a powder-metallurgy Ni-based superalloy (ME3). The key features of the approach include: (1) a pit growth model that describes the depth and width of corrosion pits as a function of exposure time, (2) a cycle-dependent crack growth model for treating fatigue, and (3) a time-dependent crack growth model for treating corrosion. This set of deterministic models is implemented into a probabilistic life-prediction code called DARWIN. Application of this approach is demonstrated for predicting corrosion fatigue crack growth life in a gas turbine disk based on the ME3 properties from the literature. The results of this study are used to assess the conditions that control the transition of a corrosion pit to a fatigue crack and to identify the pertinent material parameters influencing corrosion fatigue life and disk reliability.

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31

Shirband, Zeynab, Jing-Li Luo, Reginald Eadie, and Weixing Chen. "Studying Stress Corrosion Cracking Crack Initiation in Pipeline Steels in a Near-Neutral pH Environment: The Role of Hydrotesting." Corrosion 76, no. 11 (August 4, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3492.

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Hydrostatic testing, or hydrotesting, has been widely used as a stress corrosion cracking management method in the pipeline industry, particularly in gas pipelines. Although the technique has been very useful in the prevention of operational failures, it is known that these high pressures can produce significant plastic deformation around stress concentrators, such as pits and other surface flaws, that might be present. This plasticity can temporarily retard long, well-developed cracks; however, the effect of this plasticity on growth of very small cracks has not previously been studied. In this work, a long-term test was conducted to simulate real pipeline pressure cycling conditions by the application of occasional hydrotesting loads on steel samples. Crack initiations from pits were compared between specimens undergoing no hydrotesting load (control specimens) and those that underwent three hydrotest cycles during the test. The results showed that pit-to-crack transition was enhanced by the application of three hydrotesting loads. Seventy percent more cracks were found to have grown beyond ferrite grain boundaries in the hydrotested specimens. This initial study indicated substantial differences between small crack formation with and without hydrotesting. These differences predict significantly higher short crack growth in the hydrotested samples. Further study is necessary to further delineate these effects.

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32

Xie, Chaoyang, Pingfeng Wang, Zequn Wang, and Hongzhong Huang. "Corrosion Reliability Analysis Considering the Coupled Effect of Mechanical Stresses." ASCE-ASME J Risk and Uncert in Engrg Sys Part B Mech Engrg 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4032003.

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Corrosion is one of the most critical failure mechanisms for engineering structures and systems, as corrosion damages grow with the increase of service time, thus diminish system reliability gradually. Despite tremendous efforts, effectively carrying out reliability analysis considering the complicated coupling effects for corrosion remains to be a grand challenge. There is a substantial need to develop sophisticated corrosion reliability models and effective reliability analysis approaches considering corrosion damage growth under coupled effects such as mechanical stresses. This paper presents a physics-of-failure model for pitting corrosion with the coupled effect of corrosion environment and mechanical stresses. With the developed model, corrosion damage growth can be projected and corrosion reliability can be analyzed. To carry out corrosion reliability analysis, the developed pitting corrosion model can be formulated as time-dependent limit state functions considering pit to crack transition, crack growth, and fracture failure mechanics. A newly developed maximum confidence enhancement (MCE)-based sequential sampling approach is then employed to improve the efficiency of corrosion reliability analysis with the time-dependent limit state functions. A case study is presented to illustrate the efficacy of the developed physics-of-failure model for corrosion considering the coupled mechanical stress effects, and the new corrosion reliability analysis methodology.

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33

"Insights Into Pit to Crack Transitions Utilizing High Resolution X-ray Tomography." ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2007-02/14/870.

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