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1

Sowa, Heidrun. "Sphere packings as a tool for the description of martensitic phase transformations." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, no. 1 (2017): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273316013425.

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Martensitic transformations which play an important role in metallurgical processes are analysed using group–subgroup relations and sphere-packing considerations. This approach is applied to the transformations between body-centred cubic (b.c.c.) and face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) phases and yields the orientation relations according to the Nishiyama–Wassermann, the Kurdjumov–Sachs and the Pitsch mechanisms. The models proposed by Pitsch and Schrader and by Burgers for the transition between b.c.c. and hexagonally closest-packed (h.c.p.) type structures can be interpreted analogously. In addition
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2

Vallejos, Juan Manuel, César Enrique Sobrero, Martina Ávalos, Javier Walter Signorelli та Jorge Alberto Malarría. "Crystallographic orientation relationships in the α→γ′ martensitic transformation in an Fe–Mn–Al–Ni system". Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, № 4 (2018): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576718006738.

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The Fe43.5Mn34Al15Ni7.5 (at.%) alloy exhibits outstanding pseudoelastic behaviour over a wide range of temperatures. This alloy undergoes an unusual martensitic transformation from a disordered body-centred cubic (α) parent phase to a face-centred cubic (γ′) product phase. In the present work, the orientations of the parent and product phases for quenched samples were analysed by electron backscatter diffraction. Bain, Kurdjumow–Sachs, Pitsch, Nishiyama–Wassermann and Greninger–Troiano orientation relationships between the parent and product phases were compared with experimental results. The
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3

de Jeer, Leo T. H., Václav Ocelík, and Jeff T. M. De Hosson. "Orientation Relationships in Al0.7CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 5 (2017): 905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617012442.

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AbstractA detailed microstructural evaluation was executed on the crystallographic texture as well as the mechanisms for nucleation, phase transformation, and grain growth in a Al0.7CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy. The microstructure and crystallographic orientations were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction, and the chemical composition variations by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The cast Al0.7CoCrFeNi alloy started in the BCC phase and partially transformed into the FCC phase. It was found that the Pitsch orientation relationship (OR) dominates the nucleation mechanism of th
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4

Yan, Hai Le, Yu Dong Zhang, Bo Yang, Claude Esling, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "Crystal Structure, Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Path in Ni-Mn-In Alloys." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2181.

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In the present work, the crystal structure, microstructure and martensitic transformation path in Ni-Mn-In alloys were systematically studied. Results show that the austenite has a highly ordered cubic L21 structure. The martensite phase possesses a 6M incommensurate monoclinic modulated structure. The microstructure of martensite is in plate shape and self-organized in colonies. The maximum of 6 distinct martensite colonies and 24 kinds of variants in one parent grain are observed. Both of K-S and Pitsch orientation relations are found to be appropriate to describe the lattice correspondence
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5

Mangan, M. A., and G. J. Shiflet. "The pitsch-petch orientation relationship in ferrous pearlite at small undercooling." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 30, no. 11 (1999): 2767–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0114-9.

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6

He, Youliang, Stephane Godet, and John J. Jonas. "Observations of the Gibeon meteorite and the inverse Greninger–Troiano orientation relationship." Journal of Applied Crystallography 39, no. 1 (2006): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889805038276.

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All the possible parallelism conditions associated with low-index crystallographic planes and directions in face- and body-centred cubic crystals are enumerated in terms of their minimum angle–axis misorientations. These include the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K-S), Nishiyama–Wassermann (N-W) and Pitsch orientation relationships, which are expressed in terms of close-packed (and near-close-packed) planes, close-packed directions, or both in the two crystal systems. By classifying these into either coplanar or codirectional relationships, it is possible to specify intermediate relations with either high-i
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7

Zhang, W. Z., F. Ye, C. Zhang, Y. Qi, and H. S. Fang. "Unified rationalization of the Pitsch and T–H orientation relationships between Widmanstätten cementite and austenite." Acta Materialia 48, no. 9 (2000): 2209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(00)00033-1.

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8

Li, Zong Bin, Yu Dong Zhang, Claude Esling, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "EBSD-Based Crystallographic Study on a Ni-Mn-Ga Alloy with Incommensurate 7M Structure." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.530.

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Our recent work on EBSD-based characterization of incommensurate 7M modulated martensite in a polycrystalline Ni50Mn30Ga20alloy were summarized. The 7M martensitic plates were revealed to be self-accommodated in colonies, where each colony consisted of four types of variants that were twin related. All the pairs of variants can be categorized into three twinning modes, i.e. type-I, type-II and compound twins. The twin interface planes were in coincidence with the respective twinning planes. Using the measured orientations of adjacent martensitic variants, the orientations of parent austenite g
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9

Li, Zongbin, Yudong Zhang, Claude Esling, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "Determination of the orientation relationship between austenite and 5M modulated martensite in Ni–Mn–Ga alloys." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 6 (2011): 1222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889811043366.

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The microstructural and crystallographic characteristics of 5M martensite in an Ni50Mn28Ga22alloy were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The microstructure of 5M martensite observed at room temperature can be characterized by broad plates with alternately distributed fine lamellae (variants). With the accurate EBSD orientation measurements and by application of monoclinic superstructure information, four twin-related variants in one broad plate were identified. On the basis of the correct orientation data of martensite variants acquired from the EBSD measurement
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10

Kim, Jong-Chan, Won-Chul Jung, Ji-Seok Hong, and Hong-Gye Sung. "The Effects of Turbulent Burning Velocity Models in a Swirl-Stabilized Lean Premixed Combustor." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 35, no. 4 (2018): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2016-0053.

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Abstract The effects of turbulent burning velocities in a turbulent premixed combustion simulation with a G-equation are investigated using the 3D LES technique. Two turbulent burning velocity models – Kobayashi model, which takes into account the burning velocity pressure effect, and the Pitsch model, which considers the flame regions on the premixed flame structure – are implemented. An LM6000 combustor is employed to validate the turbulent premixed combustion model. The results show that the flame structures in front of the injector have different shapes in each model because of the differe
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11

He, You Liang, Stéphane Godet, Pascal J. Jacques та John J. Jonas. "A Study of the γ-to-α Transformation Using EBSD Techniques". Materials Science Forum 495-497 (вересень 2005): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.1201.

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The crystallographic relationship between the g and a phases in samples of the Gibeon meteorite and a TRIP steel was investigated by means of EBSD techniques. The orientations of the two phases were measured and are represented in pole figures. The results are compared to predictions made on the basis of the Bain, Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S), Nishiyama-Wassermann (NW), Greninger-Troiano (G-T) and Pitsch orientation relationships. The local misorientation between individual fcc and bcc crystals along their common interface was measured to demonstrate the way in which the exact orientation relationshi
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12

Zhang, Y. D., C. Esling, M. Calcagnotto, X. Zhao, and L. Zuo. "New insights into crystallographic correlations between ferrite and cementite in lamellar eutectoid structures, obtained by SEM–FEG/EBSD and an indirect two-trace method." Journal of Applied Crystallography 40, no. 5 (2007): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889807032219.

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Four different ferrite/cementite orientation relationships (ORs) in near-eutectoid steel are derived using SEM–FEG/EBSD (scanning electron microscopy–field emission gun/electron back-scatter diffraction) and an indirect two-trace method. They show a common feature of close-packed plane parallelism between ferrite and cementite. Their crystallographic compatibility with habit planes shows a variety of possible habit planes and excludes the existence of the exact conventional Bagaryatsky and Pitsch–Petch ORs. Each of these new ferrite/cementite ORs is correlated with a different edge-to-edge mat
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13

Petzow, Günter. "Laudation in honour of Professor Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Pitsch on the occasion of his 65th birthday." Steel Research 63, no. 8 (1992): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.199200526.

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14

Jonas, John J., You Liang He, and Stéphane Godet. "Representation of Misorientations in Rodrigues-Frank Space: Application to the Bain, Kurdjumov-Sachs, Nishiyama-Wassermann, Pitsch and Greninger-Troiano Orientation Relationships." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 1177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.1177.

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Orientation relationships between individual crystals can be readily represented in Rodrigues-Frank space because of the one-to-one correspondence between each misorientation and a vector in the fundamental zone of this space. This is done by integrating the rotation angle and axis into a three-component vector. In this study, the three classical orientation relationships describing the γ-to-α transformation, namely the Bain, Kurdjumov-Sachs and Nishiyama- Wassermann, are represented in Rodrigues-Frank space. Also considered are the somewhat less common Pitsch and Greninger-Troiano relationshi
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15

Meiser, Jerome, and Herbert Urbassek. "Influence of the Crystal Surface on the Austenitic and Martensitic Phase Transition in Pure Iron." Crystals 8, no. 12 (2018): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8120469.

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Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the influence that free surfaces exert on the austenitic and martensitic phase transition in iron. For several single-indexed surfaces—such as ( 100 ) bcc and ( 110 ) bcc as well as ( 100 ) fcc and ( 110 ) fcc surfaces—appropriate pathways exist that allow for the transformation of the surface structure. These are the Bain, Mao, Pitsch, and Kurdjumov–Sachs pathways, respectively. Tilted surfaces follow the pathway of the neighboring single-indexed plane. The austenitic transformation temperature follows the dependence of the specific s
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16

Fonda, R. W., and M. V. Kral. "The Morphology of Widmanstatten Cementite Laths." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600034206.

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The proeutectoid precipitation of Widmanstatten cementite has recently been shown to occur in two morphologies, either as broad monolithic plates or as aggregates of narrow laths, in a Fe-13 wt% Mn-1.3 wt% C steel, see Figure 1. Each of these morphologies correlates to a specific orientation of the cementite crystal within the austenite matrix; precipitates with a Pitsch orientation relationship adopt the monolithic plate morphology while precipitates with a Farooque-Edmonds orientation relationship develop as laths. In this paper, we examine the morphology and interfacial structure of these W
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17

Meiser, Jerome, and Herbert M. Urbassek. "Martensitic transformation of pure iron at a grain boundary: Atomistic evidence for a two-step Kurdjumov-Sachs–Pitsch pathway." AIP Advances 6, no. 8 (2016): 085017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4961739.

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18

Farooque, M., and D. V. Edmonds. "The orientation relationships between widmanstatten cementite and austenite." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 910–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100177684.

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Cementite has a complex orthorhombic crystalline structure with lattice parameters 4.52, 5.08 and 6.74 Å. Its crystallographic orientation relationship with austenite was first determined by Pitsch using a Hadfields Manganese Steel (nominally Fe-13Mn-1.2C (wt%))and this was later confirmed by Dippenaar and Honeycombe. This is within 5° of(where the subscripts c and a denote cementite and austenite respectively).The present study has also been carried out in Hadfields Manganese Steel, which has the advantage that it is austenitic at room temperature but can be partially decomposed to Widmanstat
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19

Watzatka, Ágnes. "„Zur Reinigung und Veredlung des Geschmacks des Volkes“ Ferenc Zsasskovszky und die Blütezeit des Musiklebens in Eger im 19. Jahrhundert." Studia Musicologica 49, no. 1-2 (2008): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/smus.49.2008.1-2.4.

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Ferenc Zsasskovszky (1819–1887) wurde in Zsasskó, Nordungarn (heute Žaškov, Slowakei) als Kantorensohn geboren. Er studierte von 1841 bis 1843 an der Prager Orgelschule bei Karl Franz Pitsch, der ihn in die Kunst der Bach’schen Improvisation einführte. 1846 wurde er Regens Chori am Dom zu Eger, wo er Kirchenmusikwerke von Joseph und Michael Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Hummel, Cherubini etc. aufführte. Neben seiner Tätigkeit als Kantor organisierte Zsasskovszky auch weltliche Konzerte. Während dieser Zeit zählte Eger zu den bedeutendsten Musikzentren Ungarns. Zsasskovszky war auch als Pädagoge tä
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20

Liu, Hongwei, Jiangwen Liu, Liuzhang Ouyang та Chengping Luo. "On the multiple orientation relationship of the Mg/γ-Mg17Al12precipitation system". Journal of Applied Crystallography 45, № 2 (2012): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188981200091x.

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The six orientation relationships (ORs) found in the Mg/γ-Mg17Al12precipitation system were summarized and systematically interpreted based on the atomic structure of the precipitate γ-Mg12Al17and the invariant deformation element (IDE) model for diffusional phase transformations. It was found that the pseudo-twinning relationship between the six ORs is a reflection of the pseudo-twinning relationship between the close- or near-close-packing planes ({\overline 8}\hskip.75{\overline 7}\hskip.75{\overline 7}), ({\overline 4}11), (033), (411) and (8{\overline 7}\hskip.75{\overline 7}) in the prec
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21

Verbeken, Kim, L. Barbé, and Bruno C. De Cooman. "Texture and Orientation Relationships in Phosphorus Added TRIP Steels." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 3347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.3347.

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Phosphorus added TRIP steels were subjected to Electron BackScattering Diffraction (EBSD) measurements in order to study the texture of the three different phases and in order to evaluate the orientation relations that are active during the transformation of austenite to bainite. The retained austenite had a maximum intensity on the Brass component and the intensity gradually decreased along the alpha and the beta fibre. The intensity of both BCC phases was comparable, but the bainite texture displayed clear transformation products that could be related with the dominant Brass component of the
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22

Zhang, Xiao Xue, Yu Dong Zhang, Ming Long Gong, Claude Esling, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "Effects of a High Magnetic Field on Austenite Decomposition in High Purity Fe-1.1C (wt.%) Alloy." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.60.

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The effects of the 12T magnetic field on transformed morphology and crystallographic characteristics of high purity Fe-1.1C (wt.%) alloy during diffusional decomposition of austenite are studied by SEM/EBSD. With the applied field, the lamellar spacing of pearlite is greatly enlarged and the spheroidization tendency of the pearlitic cementite is enhanced. This can be attributed to the thermodynamic effect of the field on phase equilibrium by elevating the eutectoid temperature; hence the eutectoid transformation happens at higher temperature that favors carbon diffusion. As a consequence, the
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23

Triguero, Patricia Romano, Enno Zinngrebe, and Stefan Melzer. "Orientation Relationships of Coarse Pearlite Islands Formed in Tundish Well Clogging Deposits." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.814.

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It is well known that clogging constitutes one of the main issues encountered during casting in the steel industry. To clarify how clogging deposits are formed and to minimize their impact in the process, their microstructure and relationship between the different constituents need to be studied. In the tundish well the studied deposits consist predominantly of Al2O3 inclusion fans but are found interspersed with islands of pearlite along the margins. These islands of coarse pearlite, i.e. thick cementite/ferrite plates surrounded by large ferrite grains are formed even in Ti-rich ultra low ca
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24

Khalid, F. A., M. Farooque, and D. V. Edmonds. "Precipitation of copper in proeutectoid cementite in steel." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100177714.

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The morphology and mechanism of Cu precipitation in grain boundary allotriomorphs of proeutectoid cementite forming isothermally inaustenite in two Fe-10Mn-3Cu-0.8C and Fe-lOMn- lCu-0.8C (nominal wt%) alloys are being studied. These particular alloys can be partially decomposed to the proeutectoid and eutectoid phases recognisable in ferritic steels, but possess the advantage that unlike ferritic steels the parent austenite phase is retained after cooling to room temperature thus facilitating studies of the decomposition reactions.A 50 g ingot of each experimental alloy was argon arc melted us
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25

Friederici, Markus R. "Eike Emrich, Werner Pitsch und Vassilios Papathanassiou: Die Sportvereine. Ein Versuch auf empirischer Grundlage. In: Schriftenreihe des Bundesinstituts für Sportwissenschaft (Band 106)." KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 54, no. 2 (2002): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11577-002-0061-6.

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26

Nalepka, Kinga, Błażej Skoczeń, Marlena Ciepielowska, et al. "Phase Transformation in 316L Austenitic Steel Induced by Fracture at Cryogenic Temperatures: Experiment and Modelling." Materials 14, no. 1 (2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010127.

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Investigations by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction with the use of synchrotron radiation, as well as parallel extended finite element (XFEM) simulations, reveal the evolution of the 316L stainless steel microstructure in the vicinity of a macro-crack developing at the temperature of liquid helium (4.2 K). The fracture propagation induces a dynamic, highly localized phase transformation of face-centred cubic austenite into α’ martensite with a body-centred cubic structure. Synchrotron studies show that the texture of the primary phase controls the transition process
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27

Poolos, Nicholas P. "T-channels: Short-Term Up-Regulation Causes Long-Term Consequences in Epilepsy." Epilepsy Currents 9, no. 4 (2009): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7511.2009.01313.x.

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Transcriptional Upregulation of Cav3.2 Mediates Epileptogenesis in the Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy. Becker AJ, Pitsch J, Sochivko D, Opitz T, Staniek M, Chen CC, Campbell KP, Schoch S, Yaari Y, Beck H. J Neurosci 2008 Dec 3;28(49):13341–13353. In both humans and animals, an insult to the brain can lead, after a variable latent period, to the appearance of spontaneous epileptic seizures that persist for life. The underlying processes, collectively referred to as epileptogenesis, include multiple structural and functional neuronal alterations. We have identified the T-type Ca2+ channel Cav3.2
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28

He, Youliang, Stéphane Godet, and John J. Jonas. "Representation of misorientations in Rodrigues–Frank space: application to the Bain, Kurdjumov–Sachs, Nishiyama–Wassermann and Pitsch orientation relationships in the Gibeon meteorite." Acta Materialia 53, no. 4 (2005): 1179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2004.11.021.

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29

Lee, Dong Nyung, and Heung Nam Han. "Orientation Relationships between Directionally Grown Precipitates and their Parent Phases in Steels." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.61.

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There are four prominent orientation relationships (ORs) between directionally grown precipitates and their parent phases in steel. They are ORs between ferrite precipitate and parent austenite (the Kurdjumov and Sachs OR), between orthorhombic cementite precipitate and parent austenite (the Pitsch OR), between cementite precipitate and parent ferrite (the Bagaryatski OR) and between hexagonal molybdenum carbide precipitate and parent ferrite (the Dysonet al.OR). The directed precipitation occurs at low transformation temperatures. The ORs have been explained by the directed growth model. The
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30

Yasuda, Yohei, and Tetsuya Ohashi. "Crystal Plasticity Analyses of Scale Dependent Mechanical Properties of Ferrite/Cementite Lamellar Structure Model in Pearlite Steel Wire with Bagaryatsky or Pitsch-Petch Orientation Relationship." ISIJ International 56, no. 12 (2016): 2320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2016-411.

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31

Koumatos, K., and A. Muehlemann. "A theoretical investigation of orientation relationships and transformation strains in steels." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, no. 2 (2017): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273316020350.

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The identification of orientation relationships (ORs) plays a crucial role in the understanding of solid phase transformations. In steels, the most common models of ORs are the ones by Nishiyama–Wassermann (NW) and Kurdjumov–Sachs (KS). The defining feature of these and other OR models is the matching of directions and planes in the parent face-centred cubic γ phase to ones in the product body-centred cubic/tetragonal α/α′ phase. In this article a novel method that identifies transformation strains with ORs is introduced and used to develop a new strain-based approach to phase-transformation m
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32

Zhou, J. P., D. S. Zhao, O. Zheng, et al. "High-resolution electron microscopy observations of continuous precipitates with Pitsch-Schrader orientation relationship in an Mg–Al based alloy and interpretation with the O-lattice theory." Micron 40, no. 8 (2009): 906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2009.05.008.

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33

Schumann, Helge, Gunther Richter та Andreas Leineweber. "Crystallography of γ′-Fe4N formation in single-crystalline α-Fe whiskers". Journal of Applied Crystallography 53, № 4 (2020): 865–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720005981.

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Gaseous nitriding of steel and iron can significantly improve their properties, for example corrosion resistance, fatigue endurance and tribological properties. In order to obtain a better understanding of the early stages of formation of the initial cubic primitive γ′-Fe4N, the mechanism and crystallography of the α–γ′ phase transformation was investigated under simplified conditions. Single-crystal α-Fe whiskers were nitrided at 823 K and a nitriding potential of 0.7 atm−1/2 for 20 min. The resulting microstructure and phases, as well as the crystallographic orientation of crystallites belon
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34

Portney, Daniel Aaron, Lucas T. Buchler, Jake Michael Lazaroff, Stephen Gryzlo, and Matthew Saltzman. "Release Location in a Risk Factor for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Baseball Pitchers." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 7_suppl4 (2018): 2325967118S0016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00164.

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Objectives: Medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) is a common procedure performed for Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. The etiology of UCL injury is complex and not entirely understood. The purpose of this study was to use publically available pitch tracking technology (PITCHf/x) to compare the pre-injury throwing mechanics of MLB pitchers who require UCL reconstructive surgery with those of pitchers who have never undergone UCL reconstruction. Methods: Pitch tracking and demographic data on MLB pitchers who had undergone UCL reconstruction between the 2010 and 2017 seaso
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35

Schwarz, Benjamin, Regina E. Hörth, Ewald Bischoff, Ralf E. Schacherl, and Eric J. Mittemeijer. "The Process of Tungsten-Nitride Precipitation upon Nitriding Ferritic Fe-0.5 at.% W Alloy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 334-335 (February 2013): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.334-335.284.

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The precipitation of tungsten nitride upon internal nitriding of ferritic Fe-0.5 at.% W alloy was investigated at 610°C in a flowing NH3/H2 gas mixture. Different tungsten nitrides developed successively; the thermodynamically stable hexagonal δ-WN could not be detected. The state of deformation of the surface plays an important role for the development of tungsten nitride at the surface. The morphologies of the tungsten nitrides developed at the surface and those precipitated at some depth in the specimen are different. The nitride particles at the surface exhibit mostly an equiaxed morpholog
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36

Deshpande, Sameer K., and Abraham Wyner. "A hierarchical Bayesian model of pitch framing." Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 13, no. 3 (2017): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2017-0027.

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Abstract Since the advent of high-resolution pitch tracking data (PITCHf/x), many in the sabermetrics community have attempted to quantify a Major League Baseball catcher’s ability to “frame” a pitch (i.e. increase the chance that a pitch is a called as a strike). Especially in the last 3 years, there has been an explosion of interest in the “art of pitch framing” in the popular press as well as signs that teams are considering framing when making roster decisions. We introduce a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate each umpire’s probability of calling a strike, adjusting for the pitch part
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Zhang, Chunyang, Yudong Zhang, Claude Esling, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "Crystallographic features of the martensitic transformation and their impact on variant organization in the intermetallic compound Ni50Mn38Sb12studied by SEM/EBSD." IUCrJ 4, no. 5 (2017): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252517011332.

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The mechanical and magnetic properties of Ni–Mn–Sb intermetallic compounds are closely related to the martensitic transformation and martensite variant organization. However, studies of these issues are very limited. Thus, a thorough crystallographic investigation of the martensitic transformation orientation relationship (OR), the transformation deformation and their impact on the variant organization of an Ni50Mn38Sb12alloy using scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter diffraction (SEM/EBSD) was conducted in this work. It is shown that the martensite variants are hierarchically org
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Kagan, David. "The Anatomy of a Pitch: Doing Physics with PITCHf/x Data." Physics Teacher 47, no. 7 (2009): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3225497.

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Kuser, John E., Donald R. Knezick, and Peter W. Garrett. "Pitch X Loblolly Hybrids after 10 Years in New Jersey." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 4 (1987): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.4.207.

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Abstract Eleven years after planting, 88% of the pitch × loblolly hybrid families in a 1973 southern New Jersey test plantation are taller than the top pitch pine control, and 94% are taller than the top loblolly pine control. Ten years after planting, 88% of the pitch × loblolly hybrid families in a nearby test plantation established in 1974 are taller than the top pitch pine control, and 100% are taller than the top loblolly pine control. Survival of the hybrids averages 93% and 99%, respectively. The authors conclude that the best "pitchlob" hybrids can be used, depending on site, for repla
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Yao, Qi, Ying Xue Yao, Liang Zhou, and S. Y. Zheng. "Numerical Study of Pitch Angle on H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.259.

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This paper presents a simulation study of an H-type vertical axis wind turbine. Two dimensional CFD model using sliding mesh technique was generated to help understand aerodynamics performance of this wind turbine. The effect of the pith angle on H-type vertical axis wind turbine was studied based on the computational model. As a result, this wind turbine could get the maximum power coefficient when pitch angle adjusted to a suited angle, furthermore, the effects of pitch angle and azimuth angle on single blade were investigated. The results will provide theoretical supports on study of variab
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Cho, Chang-Hyun, Woo-Sub Lee, and Sung-Chul Kang. "Gravity Compensator for the Roll-pitch Rotation." Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 16, no. 7 (2010): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2010.16.7.688.

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Starovoyt, Anatoly, Evgeniy Malyi, Michael Chemerinskii, and Anatoly Timoshenko. "Modification of the Electrode Pitch Operational Properties." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 3 (2021): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.03.450.

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In this work, the influence of the carbon modifier type and its amount on the processes of carbonization of the electrode pitch and carbon masses for carbon production was investigated experimentally. The paper presents the processes that occur during the carbonization of the electrode pitch and the change in its properties during the modification process. It is shown that the most promising additive is a medium-boiling polymer mixture, which contributes to the carbonization of pitch and improves the physico-chemical properties.
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Moore, Robert E., Casie Keaton, and Christopher Watts. "Role of Pitch Memory in Pitch Matching and Pitch Discrimination." ASHA Leader 10, no. 10 (2005): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr1.10102005.4.

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Cariani, P. A., and B. Delgutte. "Neural correlates of the pitch of complex tones. II. Pitch shift, pitch ambiguity, phase invariance, pitch circularity, rate pitch, and the dominance region for pitch." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 3 (1996): 1717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1717.

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1. The neural correlates of low pitches produced by complex tones were studied by analyzing temporal discharge patterns of auditory nerve fibers in Dial-anesthetized cats. In the previous paper it was observed that, for harmonic stimuli, the most frequent interspike interval present in the population of auditory nerve fibers always corresponded to the perceived pitch (predominant interval hypothesis). The fraction of these most frequent intervals relative to the total number of intervals qualitatively corresponded to strength (salience) of the low pitches that are heard. 2. This paper addresse
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Anta, J. Fernando. "Pitch." Music Perception 32, no. 4 (2015): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2015.32.4.413.

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Two experiments investigated the role of pitch-related information in tonality induction. In both experiments, participants were asked to: 1) identify (sing) the tonic of either an original sequence of tones or a distorted version in which pitch class distribution was preserved but pitch class ordering, pitch contour, and/or pitch proximity were altered; and 2) rate how confident they were in the tonic they identified. In Experiment 2, the sequences were presented with an isochronous rhythm, in order to eliminate the potential confounding effects of time-related information. The results of bot
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Lucia, Andrew, Christopher Lee, and Matthew Lake. "Pitch to Rhythm ∷ Rhythm to Pitch." Leonardo Music Journal 20 (December 2010): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj_a_00025.

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McDermott, Josh H., Andriana J. Lehr, and Andrew J. Oxenham. "Is Relative Pitch Specific to Pitch?" Psychological Science 19, no. 12 (2008): 1263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02235.x.

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Melodies, speech, and other stimuli that vary in pitch are processed largely in terms of the relative pitch differences between sounds. Relative representations permit recognition of pitch patterns despite variations in overall pitch level between instruments or speakers. A key component of relative pitch is the sequence of pitch increases and decreases from note to note, known as the melodic contour. Here we report that contour representations are also produced by patterns in loudness and brightness (an aspect of timbre). The representations of contours in different dimensions evidently have
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Peters, Robert W., and Joseph W. Hall. "Conditioned pitch change and pitch adaptation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, S1 (1986): S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023407.

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Moore, Robert E., Casie Keaton, and Christopher Watts. "The Role of Pitch Memory in Pitch Discrimination and Pitch Matching." Journal of Voice 21, no. 5 (2007): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.04.004.

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Healey, Glenn, and Shiyuan Zhao. "Using PITCHf/x to model the dependence of strikeout rate on the predictability of pitch sequences." Journal of Sports Analytics 3, no. 2 (2017): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jsa-170103.

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