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Journal articles on the topic 'Pittsburgh Region'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Deitrick, Sabina, and Christopher Briem. "Gender Wage Disparity in the Pittsburgh Region." American Behavioral Scientist 53, no. 2 (September 17, 2009): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764209338811.

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Kearns, Kevin P. "Management-capacity building in the Pittsburgh region." Nonprofit Management and Leadership 14, no. 4 (2004): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nml.45.

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Ashley, Kevin D. "Introduction: Cybersecurity in Pittsburgh." Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 14, no. 2 (May 23, 2014): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2014.143.

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4

Gray, Richard E., Brian H. Greene, Ryan W. Fandray, and Robert J. Turka. "Engineering Geology, History and Geography of the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Area." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 27–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-1830.

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ABSTRACTThe City of Pittsburgh, PA is located west of the Appalachian Mountains in the Appalachian Plateaus Province. The relatively flat surface of the plateau is dissected by drainage from the three principal rivers of the region, the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio. The formation of Pittsburgh’s three rivers and drainages has a long history dating back to before the Pleistocene Epoch, linked closely to the advance and retreat of continental glaciation.Western Pennsylvania is associated with the westernmost formation of the Appalachian Mountain chain with deformation in the form of a series of nearly flat-lying, gently warped Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Rocks cropping out in the region range in age from Devonian to Permian. Pennsylvanian strata are dominated by thin cyclic sequences of sandstone, shale, claystone, coal, and limestone. Most of the geologic hazards present in the region include slope instability, expansive shales and slags, mine subsidence, acid mine drainage, pyritic acid rock and flooding. The region also has an abundance of natural resources including coal, natural gas, oil, salt, limestone, sand and gravel and water.Pittsburgh's strategic location helped shape westward expansion during the formation of the Nation, largely because of the rivers, which served as an inexpensive, yet efficient means of transportation. Infrastructure was always significant in Pittsburgh. However, the existing aging infrastructure are deteriorating. Today, Pittsburgh has transcended the legacy name, “Steel City” and has revitalized itself with nationally-recognized universities and medical centers and a resurgence in natural gas exploration. However, many environmental legacy issues still burden the area.

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Neiswanger, Katherine, Daniel W. McNeil, Betsy Foxman, Manika Govil, Margaret E. Cooper, Robert J. Weyant, John R. Shaffer, et al. "Oral Health in a Sample of Pregnant Women from Northern Appalachia (2011–2015)." International Journal of Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/469376.

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Background. Chronic poor oral health has a high prevalence in Appalachia, a large region in the eastern USA. The Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA) has been enrolling pregnant women and their babies since 2011 in the COHRA2 study of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors involved in oral health in Northern Appalachia.Methods. The COHRA2 protocol is presented in detail, including inclusion criteria (healthy, adult, pregnant, US Caucasian, English speaking, and nonimmunocompromised women), recruiting (two sites: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, USA), assessments (demographic, medical, dental, psychosocial/behavioral, and oral microbial samples and DNA), timelines (longitudinal from pregnancy to young childhood), quality control, and retention rates.Results. Preliminary oral health and demographic data are presented in 727 pregnant women, half from the greater Pittsburgh region and half from West Virginia. Despite similar tooth brushing and flossing habits, COHRA2 women in West Virginia have significantly worse oral health than the Pittsburgh sample. Women from Pittsburgh are older and more educated and have less unemployment than the West Virginia sample.Conclusions. We observed different prevalence of oral health and demographic variables between pregnant women from West Virginia (primarily rural) and Pittsburgh (primarily urban). These observations suggest site-specific differences within Northern Appalachia that warrant future studies.

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DI STEFANO, DIANA. "Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental History of Pittsburgh and Its Region. Edited by Joel A. Tarr. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003. Pp. viii, 281. $32.00." Journal of Economic History 64, no. 3 (September 2004): 913–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050704353039.

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7

Stradling, David, and Joel A. Tarr. "Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental History of Pittsburgh and Its Region." Environmental History 9, no. 3 (July 2004): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985784.

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8

Hansen, Susan B., Carolyn Ban, and Leonard Huggins. "Explaining the “Brain Drain” from Older Industrial Cities: The Pittsburgh Region." Economic Development Quarterly 17, no. 2 (May 2003): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242403017002002.

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McCalla, D. "JOHN J. BUKOWCZYK et al. Permeable Border: The Great Lakes Region as Transnational Region, 1650-1990. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 2005. Pp. xii, 298. $34.95." American Historical Review 112, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.112.3.835-a.

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Sitzman, Thomas J., Alexander C. Allori, Damir B. Matic, Stephen P. Beals, David M. Fisher, Thomas D. Samson, Jeffrey R. Marcus, and Raymond W. Tse. "Reliability of Oronasal Fistula Classification." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 6 (February 22, 2018): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/16-186.

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Objective: Oronasal fistula is an important complication of cleft palate repair that is frequently used to evaluate surgical quality, yet reliability of fistula classification has never been examined. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of oronasal fistula classification both within individual surgeons and between multiple surgeons. Design: Using intraoral photographs of children with repaired cleft palate, surgeons rated the location of palatal fistulae using the Pittsburgh Fistula Classification System. Intrarater and interrater reliability scores were calculated for each region of the palate. Participants: Eight cleft surgeons rated photographs obtained from 29 children. Results: Within individual surgeons reliability for each region of the Pittsburgh classification ranged from moderate to almost perfect (κ = .60-.96). By contrast, reliability between surgeons was lower, ranging from fair to substantial (κ = .23-.70). Between-surgeon reliability was lowest for the junction of the soft and hard palates (κ = .23). Within-surgeon and between-surgeon reliability were almost perfect for the more general classification of fistula in the secondary palate (κ = .95 and κ = .83, respectively). Conclusions: This is the first reliability study of fistula classification. We show that the Pittsburgh Fistula Classification System is reliable when used by an individual surgeon, but less reliable when used among multiple surgeons. Comparisons of fistula occurrence among surgeons may be subject to less bias if they use the more general classification of “presence or absence of fistula of the secondary palate” rather than the Pittsburgh Fistula Classification System.

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11

Rushen, Steven, and Rita Balaban. "Simulated impact of an industrial electrical rate reduction on the pittsburgh region." International Journal of Public Administration 20, no. 8-9 (January 1997): 1529–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900699708525262.

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12

Colten, Craig E. "Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental History of Pittsburgh and Its Region (review)." Technology and Culture 45, no. 3 (2004): 640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2004.0115.

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13

Butler, Erica, Nicole Pleskovic, Jennifer Paden Elliott, Paige E. Dewhirst, Tricia Morphew, David P. Skoner, and Deborah A. Gentile. "High Rate of Uncontrolled Asthma Among Inner-City Schoolchildren from Pittsburgh Region." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 137, no. 2 (February 2016): AB81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.395.

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14

Mehalik, Matthew M., Court Gould, and Beth Edwards. "Making Major Retail Establishments Sustainable: The Case of the Mall at Robinson." Journal of Green Building 2, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.4.14.

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This case serves as a leadership example of what is initially possible for existing mall retail establishments regarding sustainability. The discussion consists of a case study of how a multidisciplinary team of Pittsburgh-regional experts conducted a comprehensive analysis using a systems approach [1] to identify and provide recommendations for sustainable business solutions to benefit a large retail shopping mall in the Pittsburgh Region, The Mall at Robinson. The convening organization for this project was Sustainable Pittsburgh. Findings from the assessment include solutions that will save or make money and increase the mall's effectiveness and resource efficiency. Other impacts include recommendations for becoming better stewards of the environment and community and increasing the mall's public profile. The project approach has been to focus on opportunities for continuous improvement where the interests of people, business, and environment meet.

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15

Neumann, Tracy. "Reforging the Steel City: Symbolism and Space in Postindustrial Pittsburgh." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 4 (February 20, 2018): 582–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144218759026.

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With an eye to urban branding campaigns in global cities such as New York, in the 1970s and 1980s, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania’s public officials worked with local corporations and media outlets to market “dynamic” Pittsburgh to a national audience. This article examines the relationship between the “imagined space” of boosters’ urban branding campaigns and their decades-long efforts to physically and economically reorganize the region’s “material space” around service and finance industries, and medical and educational institutions. Through urban branding, local elites’ efforts created new mental maps of the region that excluded its mill towns and manufacturing workers and emphasized, instead, the relationship between the city and its well-heeled suburbs.

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Cassing, S., and F. Giarratani. "A Simulation-Oriented Regional Econometric Model." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 18, no. 12 (December 1986): 1611–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a181611.

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This paper concerns the structure and application of an econometric model of the Pittsburgh region. A distinction is drawn between forecasting models and those to be used for policy simulation. With this in mind, a simulation-oriented model based on annual data is specified and applied.

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17

Kehoe, Terence. "Joel A. Tarr, ed. Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental History of Pittsburgh and Its Region. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003. viii + 281 pp. ISBN 0-8229-4156-2, $32.00 (cloth)." Enterprise & Society 5, no. 3 (September 2004): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700013926.

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Kehoe, T. "Joel A. Tarr, ed. Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental History of Pittsburgh and Its Region. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003. viii + 281 pp. ISBN 0-8229-4156-2, $32.00 (cloth)." Enterprise and Society 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/khh074.

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19

Dewhirst, Paige E., Jennifer Elliott, David P. Skoner, Tricia Morphew, and Deborah A. Gentile. "Pilot Study Demonstrates High Prevalence of Asthma in Inner-City Schoolchildren from Pittsburgh Region." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 135, no. 2 (February 2015): AB71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1166.

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Uekoetter, Frank. "Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental History of Pittsburgh and Its Region. Edited by Joel A. Tarr. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003. 312 pp. Illustrations, notes, index. Cloth, $32. ISBN: 0-822-94156-2." Business History Review 78, no. 3 (2004): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25096925.

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21

Byrwa-Hill, Brandy M., Arvind Venkat, Albert A. Presto, Judith R. Rager, Deborah Gentile, and Evelyn Talbott. "Lagged Association of Ambient Outdoor Air Pollutants with Asthma-Related Emergency Department Visits within the Pittsburgh Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 8619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228619.

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Asthma affects millions of people globally and is especially concerning in populations living with poor air quality. This study examines the association of ambient outdoor air pollutants on asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits in children and adults throughout the Pittsburgh region. A time-stratified case-crossover design is used to analyze the lagged effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and gaseous pollutants, e.g., ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) on asthma-related ED visits (n = 6682). Single-, double-, and multi-pollutant models are adjusted for temperature and analyzed using conditional logistic regression. In children, all models show an association between O3 and increased ED visits at lag day 1 (OR: 1.12, 95% CI, 1.03–1.22, p < 0.05) for the double-pollutant model (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20, p < 0.01). In adults, the single-pollutant model shows associations between CO and increased ED visits at lag day 5 (OR: 1.13, 95% CI, 1.00–1.28, p < 0.05) and average lag days 0–5 (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00–1.49, p < 0.05), and for NO2 at lag day 5 (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07, p < 0.05). These results show an association between air pollution and asthma morbidity in the Pittsburgh region and underscore the need for mitigation efforts to improve public health outcomes.

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22

Crouse, James W. "NATIONAL STRIKE FORCE EMPLOYMENT IN HUMANITARIAN RELIEF: MONONGAHELA RIVER OIL SPILL1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-81.

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ABSTRACT In January 1988, 3.9 million gallons of diesel fuel were released from an Ashland Oil Company oil storage tank. Of that amount, approximately 770,000 gallons entered the Monongahela River near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The U.S. Coast Guard Atlantic Area Strike Team was called in to assist the first federal official on scene, U.S. Coast Guard Captain of the Port-Marine Safety Office (MSO) in Pittsburgh, and subsequently the predesignated federal on-scene coordinator (OSC) provided by the Environmental Protection Agency Region III. Among the duties performed by the strike team were providing a temporary water supply to the city of Wheeling, West Virginia, and attempting to supply Robinson Township, Pennsylvania. This paper is an evaluation of the events and logistics, and an assessment of how federal services could be used in this manner with no obstruction to commercial interests.

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Hoesly, Rachel, Mike Blackhurst, H. Scott Matthews, Jeffrey F. Miller, Amy Maples, Matthew Pettit, Catherine Izard, and Paul Fischbeck. "Historical Carbon Footprinting and Implications for Sustainability Planning: A Case Study of the Pittsburgh Region." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 8 (March 29, 2012): 4283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es203943q.

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24

Kelman, Ari. "Reviews of Books:Devastation and Renewal: An Environmental History of Pittsburgh and Its Region Joel Tarr." American Historical Review 110, no. 1 (February 2005): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/531200.

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Giarratani, Frank, and David B. Houston. "Structural Change and Economic Policy in a Declining Metropolitan Region: Implications of the Pittsburgh Experience." Urban Studies 26, no. 6 (December 1989): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420988920080661.

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Cetolin, S. F., R. Silva, G. C. M. Berber, J. M. Joris, J. A. Steffani, and A. M. M. Moser. "Quality of the sleep of truck drivers that travel in the region of the extreme-west of Santa Catarina." Scientific Electronic Archives 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1232019900.

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This study aimed to perform a subjective evaluation of the sleep quality of truck drivers in the extreme western region of Santa Catarina. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants' profile and two other questionnaires to measure the degree of sleepiness (Epworth Scale) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index. The sample consisted of 179 truck drivers, all of them male, aged between 21 and 65 years; 77.65% married and 22.34% single; 72.6% have children, with an average of two children per participant. As for the professional profile, 75.9% of the interviewees work as wage earners and 24.1% as freelancers. The type of route covered, in most cases, is long distance, representing 66%, and 34% being short distance routes. Regarding the educational level, 53.5% of the participants have elementary education; 42.4% high school and 3.9% were graduates. Overweight or obesity was identified in 59.80% of the interviewees. About sleep quality, 22.5% reported sleeping less than 5 hours daily; 35.1% from 5h to 6h; 29.0% from 6h to 7h; 12.8% sleep more than 7 hours. On the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 67.0% presented no sleepiness; 27.3% presented mild degree of somnolence; 5.5% had moderate degree of somnolence. Regarding the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, it was verified that 55.8% presented subjective poor sleep quality. The results suggested that lifestyle and poor habits can negatively influence the health of these professionals.

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Gentile, Deborah A., Nicole Sossong, Tricia Morphew, Albert Presto, and Jennifer Elliott. "Impact of Environmental Factors on Recurrent Asthma Exacerbations among Inner-CIty Schoolchildren from the Pittsburgh Region." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 139, no. 2 (February 2017): AB5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.070.

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Treado, Carey Durkin, and Frank Giarratani. "Intermediate Steel-Industry Suppliers in the Pittsburgh Region: A Cluster-Based Analysis of Regional Economic Resilience." Economic Development Quarterly 22, no. 1 (February 2008): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242407311268.

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Al-Ghamedi, Najwa, Jennifer Elliott, Paige E. Dewhirst, Tricia Morphew, David P. Skoner, and Deborah A. Gentile. "Association Between Asthma Prevalence and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Exposure in Schoolchildren from the Pittsburgh Region." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 135, no. 2 (February 2015): AB70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1164.

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Ikoma, Yoko, Paul Edison, Anil Ramlackhansingh, David J. Brooks, and Federico E. Turkheimer. "Reference Region Automatic Extraction in Dynamic [11C]PIB." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 33, no. 11 (August 7, 2013): 1725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2013.133.

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The positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer [11C]Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) is a marker of amyloid plaque deposition in brain, and binding potential is usually quantified using the cerebellum as a reference where the specific binding is negligible. The use of the cerebellum as a reference, however, has been questioned by the reported cerebellar [11C]PIB retention in familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects. In this work, we developed a supervised clustering procedure for the automatic extraction of a reference region in [11C]PIB studies. Supervised clustering models each gray matter voxel as the linear combination of three predefined kinetic classes, normal and lesion gray matter, and blood pool, and extract reference voxels in which the contribution of the normal gray matter class is high. In the validation with idiopathic AD subjects, supervised clustering extracted reference voxels mostly in the cerebellum that indicated little specific [11C]PIB binding, and total distribution volumes of the extracted region were lower than those of the cerebellum. Next, the methodology was applied to the familial AD cohort where the cerebellar amyloid load had been demonstrated previously, resulting in higher binding potential compared with that obtained with the cerebellar reference. The supervised clustering method is a useful tool for the accurate quantification of [11C]PIB studies.

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Premo, Daniel L. "The Friendly Liquidation of the Past: The Politics of Diversity in Latin America. By Donna Lee Van Cott. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000. 328p. $50.00 cloth, $24.95 paper." American Political Science Review 95, no. 2 (June 2001): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401712026.

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This ambitious new book is a valuable contribution to a growing literature that assumes political democracy cannot be fully achieved in Latin America without recognizing and acting on the region's ethnic and cultural diversity. Van Cott explores the link between ethnic politics, particularly the demands of indigenous peoples, and the constitutional re- forms that have occurred in various countries in Latin America over the past decade. Relying primarily on compre- hensive analyses of constitutional reforms in Colombia (1991) and Bolivia (1994), she develops the case for what she terms a new "multicultural" model for the region.

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Whitwell, Jennifer L., Peter R. Martin, Joseph R. Duffy, Heather M. Clark, Mary M. Machulda, Christopher G. Schwarz, Stephen D. Weigand, et al. "The influence of β-amyloid on [18F]AV-1451 in semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia." Neurology 92, no. 7 (January 11, 2019): e710-e722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006913.

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ObjectiveTo compare [18F]AV-1451 uptake in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) to Alzheimer dementia, and determine whether increased uptake in svPPA is associated with the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ).MethodsThirty-one participants with svPPA underwent MRI and Pittsburgh compound B–PET scanning, and 17 of these also underwent [18F]AV-1451 tau-PET. A global Pittsburgh compound B standardized uptake value ratio was calculated for all participants, with a cutoff of 1.42 used to define Aβ(+) participants. We assessed region and voxel-level [18F]AV-1451 uptake in the whole svPPA cohort and separately in Aβ(+) and Aβ(−) svPPA groups, compared to 12 Aβ(+) participants with Alzheimer dementia and 170 cognitively normal, Aβ(−) controls.ResultsOf the entire cohort of participants with svPPA, 26% were Aβ(+). The Aβ(+) participants were older at scan compared to the Aβ(−) participants. svPPA showed elevated [18F]AV-1451 uptake in anteromedial temporal regions but the degree of uptake was lower than in Alzheimer dementia. After controlling for age, Aβ(+) status in svPPA was associated with significantly higher uptake in all anteromedial and inferior/middle lateral temporal regions, but uptake was still lower than in Alzheimer dementia.ConclusionAlthough [18F]AV-1451 uptake is focally elevated in svPPA, the level of uptake is much less than what occurs in Alzheimer dementia and appears to be at least partially related to Aβ. Therefore, it is possible that some of the increased uptake of [18F]AV-1451 in svPPA is related to binding paired helical filament tau.

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Dewhirst, Paige E., Jennifer Paden Elliott, Albert Presto, Tricia Morphew, Erica Butler, Nicole Pleskovic, David P. Skoner, and Deborah A. Gentile. "Characterization of Environmental Risk Factors Among Inner-City Schoolchildren with Physician Diagnosed Asthma from the Pittsburgh Region." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 137, no. 2 (February 2016): AB79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.388.

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Price, Julie C., William E. Klunk, Brian J. Lopresti, Xueling Lu, Jessica A. Hoge, Scott K. Ziolko, Daniel P. Holt, Carolyn C. Meltzer, Steven T. DeKosky, and Chester A. Mathis. "Kinetic Modeling of Amyloid Binding in Humans using PET Imaging and Pittsburgh Compound-B." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 25, no. 11 (June 8, 2005): 1528–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600146.

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A valid quantitative imaging method for the measurement of amyloid deposition in humans could improve Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and antiamyloid therapy assessment. Our group developed Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB), an amyloid-binding radiotracer, for positron emission tomography (PET). The current study was aimed to further validate PIB PET through quantitative imaging (arterial input) and inclusion of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Pittsburgh Compound-B studies were performed in five AD, five MCI, and five control subjects and five subjects were retested within 20 days. Magnetic resonance images were acquired for partial volume correction and region-of-interest definition (e.g., posterior cingulate: PCG; cerebellum: CER). Data were analyzed using compartmental and graphical approaches. Regional distribution volume (DV) values were normalized to the reference region (CER) to yield DV ratios (DVRs). Good agreement was observed between compartmental and Logan DVR values (e.g., PCG: r = 0.89, slope = 0.91); the Logan results were less variable. Nonspecific PIB retention was similar across subjects ( n = 15, Logan CER DV: 3.63 ± 0.48). Greater retention was observed in AD cortical areas, relative to controls ( P < 0.05). The PIB retention in MCI subjects appeared either ‘AD-like’ or ‘control-like’. The mean test/retest variation was ~6% in primary areas-of-interest. The Logan analysis was the method-of-choice for the PIB PET data as it proved stable, valid, and promising for future larger studies and voxel-based statistical analyses. This study also showed that it is feasible to perform quantitative PIB PET imaging studies that are needed to validate simpler methods for routine use across the AD disease spectrum.

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Pi, Xidong, Mark Egge, Jackson Whitmore, Amy Silbermann, and Zhen Qian. "Understanding Transit System Performance Using AVL-APC Data: An Analytics Platform with Case Studies for the Pittsburgh Region." Journal of Public Transportation 21, no. 2 (July 2018): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.21.2.2.

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Haims, Maria, Denise Rousseau, Donna Keyser, Ed Harrison, and Carl Sirio. "A Framework and Methodology for Achieving Region-Wide Patient Safety Improvements." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 15 (September 2002): 1394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601518.

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Adverse patient events, including nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection rates and medication errors, are among the nation's most pervasive patient safety problems. The Pittsburgh Regional Healthcare Initiative (PRHI), a regional coalition for healthcare quality improvement, has identified the elimination of medication errors and nosocomial infections as a primary goal. PRHI has facilitated the implementation and use of two different reporting systems in all 30 of its member hospitals designed to facilitate work toward this goal: 1) the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NNIS); and 2) the US Pharmacopeia (USP) MedMARx®, a medication error reporting system. The aims of this study are to understand 1) how well the reporting systems and their standards of use succeed in generating usable information; 2) how well feedback review systems, related to the reporting, function; and 3) the problem-solving systems through which knowledge is translated into organizational and inter-organizational learning. The methodological approach reflects a systems view, includes several levels of analysis, and utilizes triangulation of both qualitative and quantitative data. Data collection components include hospital profiles, site visit interviews, structured diaries, surveys, intervention case studies and report design feedback forms, along with data collected from the reporting systems themselves.

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Cady, K. C., A. S. White, J. H. Hammond, M. D. Abendroth, R. S. G. Karthikeyan, P. Lalitha, M. E. Zegans, and G. A. O'Toole. "Prevalence, conservation and functional analysis of Yersinia and Escherichia CRISPR regions in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates." Microbiology 157, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.045732-0.

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Here, we report the characterization of 122 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from three distinct geographical locations: Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center in New Hampshire, USA, the Charles T. Campbell Eye Microbiology Lab at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA, and the Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, India. We identified and located clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in 45/122 clinical isolates and sequenced these CRISPR, finding that Yersinia subtype CRISPR regions (33 %) were more prevalent than the Escherichia CRISPR region subtype (6 %) in these P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Further, we observed 132 unique spacers from these 45 CRISPR that are 100 % identical to prophages or sequenced temperate bacteriophage capable of becoming prophages. Most intriguingly, all of these 132 viral spacers matched to temperate bacteriophage/prophages capable of inserting into the host chromosome, but not to extrachromosomally replicating lytic P. aeruginosa bacteriophage. We next assessed the ability of the more prevalent Yersinia subtype CRISPR regions to mediate resistance to bacteriophage infection or lysogeny by deleting the entire CRISPR region from sequenced strain UCBPP-PA14 and six clinical isolates. We found no change in CRISPR-mediated resistance to bacteriophage infection or lysogeny rate even for CRISPR with spacers 100 % identical to a region of the infecting bacteriophage. Lastly, to show these CRISPR and cas genes were expressed and functional, we demonstrated production of small CRISPR RNAs. This work provides both the first examination to our knowledge of CRISPR regions within clinical P. aeruginosa isolates and a collection of defined CRISPR-positive and -negative strains for further CRISPR and cas gene studies.

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Ruppert, Leslie F., Susan J. Tewalt, Linda J. Bragg, and Rachel N. Wallack. "A digital resource model of the Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed, Monongahela Group, northern Appalachian basin coal region, USA." International Journal of Coal Geology 41, no. 1-2 (August 1999): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-5162(99)00009-9.

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Grimmer, Timo, Panagiotis Alexopoulos, Amalia Tsolakidou, Liang-Hao Guo, Gjermund Henriksen, Behrooz H. Yousefi, Hans Förstl, et al. "Cerebrospinal Fluid BACE1 Activity and Brain Amyloid Load in Alzheimer's Disease." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/712048.

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The secretase BACE1 is fundamentally involved in the development of cerebral amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has not been studied so far to what extent BACE1 activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mirrors in vivo amyloid load in AD. We explored associations between CSF BACE1 activity and fibrillar amyloid pathology as measured by carbon-11-labelled Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography ([11C]PIB PET). [11C]PIB and CSF studies were performed in 31 patients with AD. Voxel-based linear regression analysis revealed significant associations between CSF BACE1 activity and [11C]PIB tracer uptake in the bilateral parahippocampal region, the thalamus, and the pons. Our study provides evidence for a brain region-specific correlation between CSF BACE1 activity and in-vivo fibrillar amyloid pathology in AD. Associations were found in areas close to the brain ventricles, which may have important implications for the use of BACE1 in CSF as a marker for AD pathology and for antiamyloid treatment monitoring.

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Lowe, Val J., Emily S. Lundt, Matthew L. Senjem, Christopher G. Schwarz, Hoon-Ki Min, Scott A. Przybelski, Kejal Kantarci, David Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, and Clifford R. Jack. "White Matter Reference Region in PET Studies of 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B Uptake: Effects of Age and Amyloid-β Deposition." Journal of Nuclear Medicine 59, no. 10 (April 19, 2018): 1583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.204271.

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Elliott, Jennifer, Najwa Al-Ghamedi, Paige E. Dewhirst, Joseph Lombardo, David P. Skoner, and Deborah A. Gentile. "Pilot Study of an Interdisciplinary Mobile Model to Deliver Asthma Care to Inner-City School Children in the Pittsburgh Region." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 137, no. 2 (February 2016): AB200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.783.

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42

Jurajda, Štěpán, and Frederick J. Tannery. "Unemployment Durations and Extended Unemployment Benefits in Local Labor Markets." ILR Review 56, no. 2 (January 2003): 324–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600207.

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Many empirical studies have confirmed the theoretical prediction that longer-term Unemployment Insurance (UI) entitlement leads to longer unemployment duration. Most of those studies have examined special programs that provide extra weeks of unemployment benefits when unemployment rates in the region are higher. Hence, they must distinguish if the longer unemployment duration among UI claimants observed in these cases is due to the extended benefits or to the adverse labor market conditions that trigger those extensions. In contrast, this paper measures the effect of identical entitlement extensions across two labor markets facing very different demand conditions—Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, over the years 1980–85. The results confirm findings of the existing literature and indicate that the adverse effect of longer entitlement changes relatively little in response to variation in demand conditions.

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Rhodes, James. "Rust Belt Chic: Deindustrialization, place and urban authenticity." Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00013_1.

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Abstract In the context of deindustrialization and urban decline, America's industrial heartland came to be re-imagined as the 'Rust Belt'. Synonymous with outmoded and decrepit landscapes, identities and practices, the term has operated as a form of stigma, as places such as Detroit, Cleveland and Pittsburgh became symbols of industrial, institutional and individual failure. However, in the contemporary period 'Rust Belt' is increasingly accompanied by an apparently incongruous term: 'chic'. Focusing on the narratives and essays of a younger, educated and predominantly white demographic, the article explores discourses of 'Rust Belt Chic', examining the social, cultural and political significance of this emergent phenomena thinking through the ways in which it constructs the past, present and future of deindustrialized landscapes. It is argued that within these narratives the region is valued for its liminality, for its proximities to the industrial past and a sense of history and tradition, along with its distance from what is seen as the failures of the post-industrial city. The article considers this reappraisal of the region and its material and symbolic significance in the context of deindustrialization and urban regeneration, examining how claims about the region are used to articulate a particular form of urban 'authenticity'.

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SMITH, MATTHEW. "John J. Bukowczyk, Nora Faires, David R. Smith and Randy William Widdis, Permeable Border: The Great Lakes Basin as Transnational Region, 1650–1990 (Calgary: University of Calgary Press, and Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005, $34.95). Pp. xii+298. ISBN 1 55238 216 8 (Calgary); 0 8229 4261 5 (Pittsburgh)." Journal of American Studies 41, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875806293459.

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Kim, Jee Wook, Min Soo Byun, Jun Ho Lee, Dahyun Yi, So Yeon Jeon, Bo Kyung Sohn, Jun-Young Lee, et al. "Serum albumin and beta-amyloid deposition in the human brain." Neurology 95, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): e815-e826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000010005.

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ObjectivesTo investigate the relationships of serum albumin with in vivo Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologies, including cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) protein deposition, neurodegeneration of AD-signature regions, and cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH), in the human brain.MethodsA total of 396 older adults without dementia underwent comprehensive clinical assessments, measurement of serum albumin level, and multimodal brain imaging, including [11C] Pittsburgh compound B-PET, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, and MRI. Serum albumin was categorized as follows: <4.4 g/dL (low albumin), 4.4 to 4.5 g/dL (middle albumin), and >4.5 g/dL (high albumin; used as a reference category). Aβ positivity, AD-signature region cerebral glucose metabolism (AD-CM), AD-signature region cortical thickness (AD-CT), and WMH volume were used as outcome measures.ResultsSerum albumin level (as a continuous variable) was inversely associated with Aβ deposition and Aβ positivity. The low albumin group showed a significantly higher Aβ positivity rate compared to the high albumin group (odds ratio 3.40, 95% confidence interval 1.67–6.92, p = 0.001), while the middle albumin group showed no difference (odds ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 0.80–3.77, p = 0.162). Neither serum albumin level (as a continuous variable) nor albumin categories were related to AD-CM, AD-CT, or WMH volume.ConclusionsLow serum albumin may increase the risk of AD dementia by elevating amyloid accumulation. In terms of AD prevention, more attention needs to be paid to avoid a low serum albumin level, even within the clinical normal range, by clinicians.

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Sharke, Paul. "Ticket to Ride." Mechanical Engineering 124, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2002-oct-1.

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This article highlights of how sometimes travelers sacrifice comfort to shorten transit time. Transportation planners in Pittsburgh and the Baltimore–Washington region, mindful of comfort expected by travelers, are finishing up the details of two proposals for high-speed maglev trains that will tie each city’s downtown closer to local airports. Both areas made it into the semi-final round of a seven-region playoff for nearly a billion dollars in federal funding for a maglev demonstrator. Eventually, the short lines being proposed may grow long enough to provide real alternatives to short-hop flights. Statistical projections for the Berlin–Hamburg maglev project, canceled two years ago with a change of party majority in the nation’s government, anticipated only one hour’s worth of “non-station” stops for every two years of operation. A Baltimore–Washington maglev could also provide residents with a second airport choice, alleviating crowding at Reagan National Airport. The Baltimore–Washington route, while expected to stand on its own in terms of financial and technological feasibility, would be a showcase for a larger maglev line that, by 2040, might duplicate the alignment of the Northeast corridor.

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Bereitschaft, Bradley. "Neighborhood Walkability and Housing Affordability among U.S. Urban Areas." Urban Science 3, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3010011.

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With support and demand for walkable urban spaces on the rise, there has been growing concern among academics and practitioners of increasing exclusivity, particularly in amenity-rich areas. This study examines equity in neighborhood walkability from the perspective of housing affordability, asking whether more walkable urban neighborhoods have less affordable housing from the viewpoint of both neighborhood residents and households within the encompassing metropolitan region. While considering additional factors that may affect housing affordability, including coastal proximity, crime, rail access, housing age, housing size, and employment accessibility, the results indicate lower housing affordability primarily for renter households already living in walkable neighborhoods, but not for those looking to move to a more walkable neighborhood from within the same metropolitan area. Case studies of three large U.S. urban areas, Charlotte, NC, Pittsburgh, PA, and Portland, OR, highlight local variations in the walkability–housing affordability nexus.

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Kassam, Amin B., Daniel M. Prevedello, Ajith Thomas, Paul Gardner, Arlan Mintz, Carl Snyderman, and Ricardo Carrau. "Endoscopic Endonasal Pituitary Transposition for a Transdorsum Sellae Approach to the Interpeduncular Cistern." Operative Neurosurgery 62, suppl_1 (March 1, 2008): ONS57—ONS74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000317374.30443.23.

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Abstract Objective: The interpeduncular cistern, including the retroinfundibular area, is one of the most challenging regions to approach surgically. The pituitary gland and the infundibu-lum guard the region when an endonasal route is undertaken. Superior transposition of the pituitary gland and infundibulum is described as a functional means to access this complex region through a fully endoscopic, completely transnasal route. Methods: Ten consecutive patients in whom a pituitary transposition was performed during an expanded endonasal approach at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center for resection of retroinfundibular lesions were reviewed. The series consisted of seven men and three women with a mean age of 44.4 years. Pathology consisted of four craniopharyngiomas, four chordomas, and two petroclival meningiomas. Results: Five patients (50%) underwent total resection of the tumor, three patients (30%) underwent near total resection (>95% removal), and two patients (20%) had partial resection of petroclival meningiomas with the goal of optic apparatus decompression. All four patients with visual deficits recovered their vision completely. There was no neurological deterioration. Eight patients had normal pituitary function preoperatively, seven of whom (87.5%) had confirmed function preservation postoperatively, with one of these patients experiencing transient diabetes insipidus. The remaining patient with a hypothalamic craniopharyngioma underwent complete resection with obligatory panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus. Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal transposition of the pituitary gland and its stalk can provide a valuable corridor to the retroinfundibular space and interpeduncular cistern with pituitary function preservation in the majority of patients. This approach should only be pursued once significant experience with endoscopic endonasal approaches has been acquired.

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Nicholas, Mark A. "John J. Bukowczyk, Nora Faires, David R. Smith, and Randy William Widdis, Permeable Border: The Great Lakes Basin as Transnational Region, 1650–1990. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005. xii + 298 pp. ISBN: 0-8229-4251-5 (hbk.)." Itinerario 30, no. 3 (November 2006): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530001370x.

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Bråtane, Bernt T., Ronn P. Walvick, Claire Corot, Eric Lancelot, and Marc Fisher. "Characterization of Gadolinium-Based Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion Measurements in Permanent and Transient MCAO Models with Volumetric Based Validation by CASL." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 30, no. 2 (October 14, 2009): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2009.218.

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Perfusion imaging is crucial in imaging of ischemic stroke to determine ‘tissue at risk’ for infarction. In this study we compared the volumetric quantification of the perfusion deficit in two rat middle-cerebral-artery occlusion (MCAO) models using two gadolinium-based contrast agents (P1152 (Guerbet) and Magnevist (Bayer-Schering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA)) as compared with our well established continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) perfusion imaging technique. Animals underwent either permanent MCAO or transient MCAO with 80-min reperfusion. Imaging was performed at four different time points after MCAO. A region-of-interest (ROI) analysis of the subregions of the ischemic zone (core, penumbra, transient reversal (TR), and sustained reversal (SR)) using P1152 showed significant reduction in blood flow in the core and TR subregions relative to the penumbral and SR subregions while occluded. After reperfusion, a significant increase in blood flow was recorded at all time points after reperfusion in all regions except TR. From the ROI analysis the threshold for the penumbra was determined to be −62±11% and this value was subsequently used for quantification of the volumetric deficit. The ischemic volume as defined by dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), was only statistically different from the CASL-derived ischemic volume when using Magnevist at post-reperfusion time points.

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