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Journal articles on the topic 'Pituitary gland function'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bakhtiyorjonovna, Nasriddinova Shakhlo, and Atakhanov Sanjarbek Anvarovich. "The Role of Medical Technologies in The Treatment of Endocrine Glands." International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental 5, no. 4 (2025): 64–67. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/volume05issue04-10.

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This article is devoted to the structure and function of secretory glands. They are distinguished based on the anatomical structure of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, individual glands and their functions.

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Spencer, Thomas E., Andrew M. Kelleher, and Frank F. Bartol. "Development and Function of Uterine Glands in Domestic Animals." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 7, no. 1 (2019): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115321.

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All mammalian uteri contain glands that synthesize or transport and secrete substances into the uterine lumen. Uterine gland development, or adenogenesis, is uniquely a postnatal event in sheep and pigs and involves differentiation of glandular epithelium from luminal epithelium, followed by invagination and coiling morphogenesis throughout the stroma. Intrinsic transcription factors and extrinsic factors from the ovary and pituitary as well as the mammary gland (lactocrine) regulate uterine adenogenesis. Recurrent pregnancy loss is observed in the ovine uterine gland knockout sheep, providing

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Petruska, Janet M., Maria Adamo, Jeffrey McCartney, Ahamat Aboulmali, and Thomas J. Rosol. "Evaluation of Adrenal Cortical Function in Neonatal and Weanling Laboratory Beagle Dogs." Toxicologic Pathology 49, no. 5 (2021): 1117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01926233211009492.

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The most common target organ for toxicity in the endocrine system is the adrenal gland, and its function is dependent upon the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Histopathologic examination of the adrenal glands and pituitary gland is routinely performed in toxicity studies. However, the function of the adrenal gland is not routinely assessed in toxicity studies. Assessment of adrenal cortical function may be necessary to determine whether a histopathologic finding in the adrenal cortex results in a functional effect in the test species. As juvenile toxicity studies are more commonly performed

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Gogakos, Apostolos I., Tasos Gogakos, Marina Kita, and Zoe A. Efstathiadou. "Pituitary Dysfunction as a Cause of Cardiovascular Disease." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 43 (2020): 5573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824999201105165351.

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The hypothalamic-pituitary axis is responsible for the neuroendocrine control of several organ systems. The anterior pituitary directly affects the functions of the thyroid gland, the adrenal glands, and gonads, and regulates growth and milk production. The posterior hypophysis, through nerve connections with the hypothalamic nuclei, releases vasopressin and oxytocin responsible for water balance and social bonding, sexual reproduction and childbirth, respectively. Pituitary gland hormonal excess or deficiency results in dysregulation of metabolic pathways and mechanisms that are important for

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López, B. Díaz, and L. Debeljuk. "Prenatal melatonin and its interaction with tachykinins in the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 3 (2007): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd06140.

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The pineal gland, through its hormone melatonin, influences the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Tachykinins are bioactive peptides whose presence has been demonstrated in the pineal gland, hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland and the gonads, in addition to other central and peripheral structures. Tachykinins have been demonstrated to influence the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, acting as paracrine factors at each of these levels. In the present review, we examine the available evidence supporting a role for melatonin in the regulation of reproductiv

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Youssef, Joyce, Rohan Sadera, Dushyant Mital, and Mohamed H. Ahmed. "HIV and the Pituitary Gland: Clinical and Biochemical Presentations." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 13, no. 01 (2021): 084–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723055.

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AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can have profound impact on the function of the pituitary gland. We have performed an electronic literature search using the following database: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. These databases were searched using the keywords HIV, pituitary glands, cancer, pituitary apoplexy, and infertility. HIV can cause hypopituitarism and also can lead to diabetes insipidus. The impact can be slow and insidious, and diagnosis depends on high index of clinical suspicion. The effect on anterior pituitary gland can be associated with growth hormone defic

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Harary, Maya, Aislyn C. DiRisio, Hassan Y. Dawood, et al. "Endocrine function and gland volume after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctional pituitary macroadenomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 131, no. 4 (2019): 1142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.5.jns181054.

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OBJECTIVELoss of pituitary function due to nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) may be due to compression of the pituitary gland. It has been proposed that the size of the gland and relative perioperative gland expansion may relate to recovery of pituitary function, but the extent of this is unclear. This study aims to assess temporal changes in hormonal function after transsphenoidal resection of NFPA and the relationship between gland reexpansion and endocrine recovery.METHODSPatients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery by a single surgeon for resection of a nonfunctional macr

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Molteni, Gabriele, Nicole Caiazza, Gianfranco Fulco, Andrea Sacchetto, Antonio Gulino, and Daniele Marchioni. "Functioning Endocrine Outcome after Endoscopic Endonasal Transsellar Approach for Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 8 (2023): 2986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082986.

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Background: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is a well-established technique for the treatment of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor Preservation of normal gland tissue is crucial to retain effective neuroendocrine pituitary function. The aim of this paper is to analyze pituitary endocrine secretion after EEA for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor to identify potential predictors of functioning gland recovery. Methods: Patients who underwent an exclusive EEA for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors between October 2014 and November 2019 were reviewed. Patients were divided into groups according to p

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9

Feigl, Günther Christian, Christine Maria Bonelli, Andrea Berghold, and Michael Mokry. "Effects of gamma knife radiosurgery of pituitary adenomas on pituitary function." Journal of Neurosurgery 97 (December 2002): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.supplement_5.0415.

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Object. The authors undertook a retrospective analysis of the incidence and time course of pituitary insufficiency following gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for pituitary adenomas. Methods. Pituitary adenomas in 92 patients were analyzed. There were 61 hormonally inactive tumors, 18 prolactinomas, and nine somatotropic and four adrenocorticotropic adenomas. The mean tumor volume was 3.8 cm3 (range 0.2–14.6 cm3). The mean prescription dose was 15 Gy. The mean prescription isodose was 50.7%. The mean follow-up time was 4.6 years (range 1.2–10 years). The following new or deteriorating insufficien

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10

Thody, A. J., and S. Shuster. "Control and function of sebaceous glands." Physiological Reviews 69, no. 2 (1989): 383–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1989.69.2.383.

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This review describes the various types of sebaceous glands, their locations, and where possible their different functions. All sebaceous glands are similar in structure and secrete sebum by a holocrine process. However, the nature of this secretion and the regulation of the secretory process seem to differ among the various types of glands. Methods for measuring sebum secretion and assessing sebaceous gland activity are also described. The area of major interest during the last 20 years has undoubtedly been the mechanisms that control sebaceous gland function. Most studies have focused on the

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Little, Andrew S., Paul A. Gardner, Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda, et al. "Pituitary gland recovery following fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: results of a prospective multicenter study." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 6 (2020): 1732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.8.jns191012.

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OBJECTIVERecovery from preexisting hypopituitarism after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma is an important outcome to investigate. Furthermore, pituitary function has not been thoroughly evaluated after fully endoscopic surgery, and benchmark outcomes have not been clearly established. Here, the authors characterize pituitary gland outcomes with a focus on gland recovery following endoscopic transsphenoidal removal of clinically nonfunctioning adenomas.METHODSThis multicenter prospective study was conducted at 6 US pituitary centers among adult patients with nonfunctioning pituitar

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Nataliia, Sprynchuk, and Bolshova Olena. "Influence of recombinant growth hormone treatment on the state of pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal systems in children with syndrome of biologically inactive growth hormone." ScienceRise: Medical Science, no. 2(29) (March 29, 2019): 19–22. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4798.2019.161763.

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Combined insufficiency of adenohypophysis such as thyrotropic and adrenocorticotropic, especially during treatment with recombinant growth hormone, were often observed among children with somatotropic insufficiency. <strong>Aim</strong>. To evaluate the adaptation mechanisms of the organism based on studying the peculiarities of pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal functions in patients with syndrome of biologically inactive growth hormone on the background of recombinant growth hormone treatment. <strong>Materials and methods.</strong> There were examined 158 patients with syndrome of

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Wan, Zhen, Hua Yang, Yu Cai, et al. "Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Hu Sheep Pituitary Gland Prolificacy at the Follicular and Luteal Phases." Genes 13, no. 3 (2022): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13030440.

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The pituitary gland directly regulates the reproduction of domestic animals. Research has increasingly focused on the potential regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNA in pituitary development. Little is known about the differential expression pattern of lncRNAs in Hu sheep, a famous sheep breed with high fecundity, and its role in the pituitary gland between the follicular phase and luteal phase. Herein, to identify the transcriptomic differences of the sheep pituitary gland during the estrus cycle, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed. The results showed that 3529 lncRNAs and 16,651 mRNAs w

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Van de Kar, LD, and MS Brownfield. "Serotonergic Neurons and Neuroendocrine Function." Physiology 8, no. 5 (1993): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1993.8.5.202.

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The release of serotonin (5-HT) from nerve terminals in the hypothalamus increases secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary, vasopressin and oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland, and renin secretion from the kidneys. Activation of 5-HT1 and/or 5-HT2 receptors stimulates the secretion of these hormones.

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Francis, Karen, B. Mary Lewis, Peter N. Monk, and Jack Ham. "Complement C5a receptors in the pituitary gland: expression and function." Journal of Endocrinology 199, no. 3 (2008): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0110.

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Communication between the immune and endocrine system is important for the control of inflammation that is primarily mediated through the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The innate immune system rapidly responds to pathogens by releasing complement proteins that include the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. We previously reported the existence of C3a receptors in the anterior pituitary gland and now describe the presence of C5a receptors in the gland. C5a and its less active derivative (C5adR) can bind to its own receptor and to another receptor called C5L2. Using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry

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Leenstra, James L., Shota Tanaka, Robert W. Kline, et al. "Factors Associated With Endocrine Deficits After Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Pituitary Adenomas." Neurosurgery 67, no. 1 (2010): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000370978.31405.a9.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with anterior pituitary deficits after pituitary adenoma stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS The tumor, pituitary stalk, and pituitary gland were segmented on the dose plans of 82 patients (secreting tumors, n = 53; nonsecreting tumors, n = 29) for dose-volume analysis. No patient had undergone prior radiation therapy and all patients had at least 12 months of endocrinological follow-up (median, 63 months; mean, 69 months; range, 13–134). RESULTS Thirty-four patients (41%) developed new anterior pituitary deficits at a median of 32 mont

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Krishna GK, Harini Bopaiah, Anil Kumar Sakalecha, and Lynn Joy. "Morphometric analysis of pituitary gland using magnetic resonance imaging in Indian subjects." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 15, no. 10 (2024): 169–73. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v15i10.4208.

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Background: Before the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the radiological assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary region relied on plain radiographs and computed tomography scans. However, contemporary medical practice now widely recognizes MRI as the preferred imaging modality for this purpose. The objective is to investigate variations in size and morphology of the pituitary gland associated with age and gender. Aims and Objectives: (a) The aims of this study were as follows: To establish normative measurements of pituitary gland in South Indian population. (b) To evaluate the rel

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Krishna GK, Harini Bopaiah, Anil Kumar Sakalecha, and Lynn Joy. "Morphometric analysis of pituitary gland using magnetic resonance imaging in Indian subjects." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 15, no. 10 (2024): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v15i10.66652.

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Background: Before the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the radiological assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary region relied on plain radiographs and computed tomography scans. However, contemporary medical practice now widely recognizes MRI as the preferred imaging modality for this purpose. The objective is to investigate variations in size and morphology of the pituitary gland associated with age and gender. Aims and Objectives: (a) The aims of this study were as follows: To establish normative measurements of pituitary gland in South Indian population. (b) To evaluate the rel

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Jackson, Christina, Derek Kai Kong, Zachary C. Gersey, et al. "Contact endoscopy as a novel technique for intra-operative identification of normal pituitary gland and adenoma." Neurosurgical Focus: Video 6, no. 1 (2022): V17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2021.10.focvid21199.

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Intraoperative distinction of pituitary adenoma from normal gland is critical in maximizing tumor resection without compromising pituitary function. Contact endoscopy provides a noninvasive technique that allows for real-time in vivo visualization of differences in tissue vascularity. Two illustrative cases of endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) for resection of pituitary adenoma illustrate the use of contact endoscopy in identifying tumor from gland and differentiating a thin section of normal gland draped over the underlying tumor, thereby allowing for safe extracapsular tumor resection.

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Zhao, Lei, Shuo Zhang, Li Gong, Yan Qu, and Lijun Heng. "Endonasal interdural pituitary transposition for resection of a posterior clinoid process enchondroma in a patient with Maffucci syndrome." Neurosurgical Focus: Video 2, no. 2 (2020): V10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.4.focusvid.19801.

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Maffucci syndrome is an extremely rare disorder characterized by benign enchondromas, skeletal deformities, and cutaneous lesions composed of abnormal blood vessels. Enchondromas rarely arise in the cranial bones. Interdural pituitary transposition is an effective way to gain access to the posterior clinoid, without affecting the function of the pituitary gland. Here, the authors present a case of a posterior clinoid process enchondroma in a patient with Maffucci syndrome. The tumor was resected via an interdural pituitary transposition fashion. Four months postoperatively, the patient’s oculo

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Russell, John P., Emily J. Lodge, and Cynthia L. Andoniadou. "Basic Research Advances on Pituitary Stem Cell Function and Regulation." Neuroendocrinology 107, no. 2 (2018): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488393.

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As a central regulator of major physiological processes, the pituitary gland is a highly dynamic organ, capable of responding to hormonal demand and hypothalamic influence, through adapting secretion as well as remodelling cell numbers among its seven populations of differentiated cells. Stem cells of the pituitary have been shown to actively generate new cells during postnatal development but remain mostly quiescent during adulthood, where they persist as a long-lived population. Despite a significant body of research characterising attributes of anterior pituitary stem cells, the regulation

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Scully, Kathleen M., Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk, Michal Krawczyk та ін. "Epithelial cell integrin β1 is required for developmental angiogenesis in the pituitary gland". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, № 47 (2016): 13408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614970113.

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As a key component of the vertebrate neuroendocrine system, the pituitary gland relies on the progressive and coordinated development of distinct hormone-producing cell types and an invading vascular network. The molecular mechanisms that drive formation of the pituitary vasculature, which is necessary for regulated synthesis and secretion of hormones that maintain homeostasis, metabolism, and endocrine function, remain poorly understood. Here, we report that expression of integrin β1 in embryonic pituitary epithelial cells is required for angiogenesis in the developing mouse pituitary gland.

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Shima, Yuichi, Kanako Miyabayashi, Takami Mori, et al. "Intronic Enhancer Is Essential for Nr5a1 Expression in The Pituitary Gonadotrope and for Postnatal Development of Male Reproductive Organs in a Mouse Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010192.

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Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1) is expressed in the pituitary gonadotrope and regulates their differentiation. Although several regulatory regions were implicated in Nr5a1 gene expression in the pituitary gland, none of these regions have been verified using mouse models. Furthermore, the molecular functions of NR5A1 in the pituitary gonadotrope have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we generated mice lacking the pituitary enhancer located in the 6th intron of the Nr5a1 gene. These mice showed pituitary gland-specific disappearance of NR5A1, confirming the

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Lee, Hwanhee, Ji Won Lee, Hee Won Cho, et al. "Methionine metabolism and endocrine function of the pituitary gland in patients with suprasellar germinoma." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0288528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288528.

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Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the association between methionine (MET) metabolism and endocrine function of the pituitary gland in patients with suprasellar region tumor. Materials and methods Twenty patients with intracranial germinoma were included in this study. Initial staging and all surveillance MET PET/CT scans and comparable serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to tumor location, with tumors in the suprasellar region (condi

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Gonzalez-Meljem, Jose Mario, Sarah Ivins, Cynthia Lilian Andoniadou, Paul Le Tissier, Peter Scambler, and Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera. "An expression and function analysis of the CXCR4/SDF-1 signalling axis during pituitary gland development." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0280001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280001.

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The chemokine SDF-1 (CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 control several processes during embryonic development such as the regulation of stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. However, the role of this pathway in the formation of the pituitary gland is not understood. We sought to characterise the expression patterns of CXCR4, SDF-1 and CXCR7 at different stages of pituitary gland development. Our expression profiling revealed that SDF-1 is expressed in progenitor-rich regions of the pituitary anterior lobe, that CXCR4 and CXCR7 have opposite expression domains and that CXCR4 exp

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Pomeraniec, I. Jonathan, Davis G. Taylor, Or Cohen-Inbar, Zhiyuan Xu, Mary Lee Vance, and Jason P. Sheehan. "Radiation dose to neuroanatomical structures of pituitary adenomas and the effect of Gamma Knife radiosurgery on pituitary function." Journal of Neurosurgery 132, no. 5 (2020): 1499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.1.jns182296.

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OBJECTIVEGamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) provides a safe and effective management option for patients with all types of pituitary adenomas. The long-term adverse effects of targeted radiation to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in relationship to radiation dose remain unclear. In this retrospective review, the authors investigated the role of differential radiation doses in predicting long-term clinical outcomes and pituitary function after GKRS for pituitary adenomas.METHODSA cohort of 236 patients with pituitary tumors (41.5% nonfunctioning, 58.5% functioning adenomas) was treated with GKRS b

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Freeman, Marc E., Béla Kanyicska, Anna Lerant, and György Nagy. "Prolactin: Structure, Function, and Regulation of Secretion." Physiological Reviews 80, no. 4 (2000): 1523–631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1523.

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Prolactin is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that was originally named for its ability to promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals. We now know that prolactin is not as simple as originally described. Indeed, chemically, prolactin appears in a multiplicity of posttranslational forms ranging from size variants to chemical modifications such as phosphorylation or glycosylation. It is not only synthesized in the pituitary gland, as originally described, but also within the central nervous system, the immune system, the uterus and its associa

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Malenkovic, Vesna, Ljiljana Gvozdenovic, Branko Milakovic, Vera Sabljak, Nebojsa Ladjevic, and Vladan Zivaljevic. "Preoperative preparation of patients with pituitary gland disorders." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 58, no. 2 (2011): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1102091m.

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This paper presents the most common disorders of pituitary function: acromegaly, hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus and syndrome similar to diabetes insipidus, in terms of their importance in preoperative preparation of patients. Pituitary function manages almost the entire endocrine system using the negative feedback mechanism that is impaired by these diseases. The cause of acromegaly is a pituitary adenoma, which produces growth hormone in adults. Primary therapy of acromegaly is surgical, with or without associated radiotherapy. If a patient with acromegaly as comorbidity prepares for non

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Miyamoto, Junko, Takahiro Matsumoto, Hiroko Shiina, et al. "The Pituitary Function of Androgen Receptor Constitutes a Glucocorticoid Production Circuit." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 13 (2007): 4807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.02039-06.

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ABSTRACT Androgen receptor (AR) mediates diverse androgen actions, particularly reproductive processes in males and females. AR-mediated androgen signaling is considered to also control metabolic processes; however, the molecular basis remains elusive. In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanism of late-onset obesity in male AR null mutant (ARKO) mice. We determined that the obesity was caused by a hypercorticoid state. The negative feedback system regulating glucocorticoid production was impaired in ARKO mice. Male and female ARKO mice exhibited hypertrophic adrenal glands and g

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Rossi, Marco Lorenzo, John Stuart Bevan, Kenneth Anthony Fleming, and Felix Cruz-Sanchez. "Pituitary Metastasis from Malignant Bronchial Carcinoid." Tumori Journal 74, no. 1 (1988): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168807400118.

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Metastases from a carcinoid tumor to the pituitary gland have, to our knowledge, not been described. We present a 49-year-old woman diagnosed as having a primary carcinoid tumor arising in the submucosa of a large bronchus who 8 years later presented with multiple metastases including one to the pituitary gland, which was in partial failure of pituitary function. This case illustrates than when confronted with a pituitary tumor resembling an adenoma but negative for pituitary hormones, the possibility of a metastasis from a carcinoid tumor should be considered.

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REES, D. Aled, Maurice F. SCANLON, and Jack HAM. "Novel insights into how purines regulate pituitary cell function." Clinical Science 104, no. 5 (2003): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030053.

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Purine nucleosides and nucleotides are widely distributed substances that exhibit a diverse range of effects in a number of tissues, acting as important extracellular signalling molecules in addition to their more established roles in cellular metabolism. They mediate their effects via activation of distinct cell surface receptors, termed adenosine (or P1) and P2 purinergic receptors. Although roles for adenosine and adenine nucleotides have been described previously in the pituitary gland, the distribution of the receptor subtypes and the effects of their activation on pituitary function are

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Nelson, Paul B., Alan G. Robinson, and Julio A. Martinez. "Metastatic Tumor of the Pituitary Gland." Neurosurgery 21, no. 6 (1987): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198712000-00030.

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Abstract Although metastatic tumors of the pituitary gland and the sellar region are not common, they may radiographically mimic a pituitary tumor. Because the metastasis frequently involves the posterior lobe and because lateral extension to the cavernous sinus is common, patients may present with ptosis, diplopia, or diabetes insipidus. Decrease in anterior pituitary function is less common. Metastatic tumors contain abundant vascular networks, as evidenced by frequent blush on cerebral angiography and increased bleeding at operation. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman who presented w

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Zhao, L., M. Bakke, Y. Krimkevich, et al. "Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) is essential for pituitary gonadotrope function." Development 128, no. 2 (2001): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.2.147.

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Knockout mice lacking the orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) exhibit a complex endocrine phenotype that includes adrenal and gonadal agenesis, impaired expression of pituitary gonadotropins, and absence of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). These multiple defects complicate efforts to delineate primary versus secondary effects of SF1 deficiency in different tissues, such that its direct role in gonadotropes remains uncertain. To define this role, we have expressed Cre recombinase driven by the promoter region of the common alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones (alp

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BUTENANDT, O., M. EMMLINGER, and H. DOERR. "Single and repeated testing of growth hormone secretory capacity in hypopituitarism using growth hormone releasing factor." Acta Endocrinologica 113, no. 4_Suppl (1986): S118—S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.112s118.

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Abstract 38 patients with proven growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and 19 children with familial short stature received an iv GRF-bolus injection of 1 ug/kg body weight. Whereas in all control children plasma growth hormone rose significantly (mean of maximal values 36 ng/ml), only 7 out of 38 patients with GHD reached peak values of 8 ng/ml or more. GRF-priming by 1 ug GRF/kg BW given once daily s.c. for 5 days in 19 patients improved the response of the pituitary gland in 11. Thus, following the first GRF test, only 21 % of patients demonstrated function of the pituitary gland whereas 45 % did

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Nguyen, Xuan Phuong, Mạnh Cường Trần, and Hải An Nguyễn. "CASE REPORT: PITUITARY APOPLEXY." VietNam Military Medical Unisversity 48, no. 2 (2023): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56535/jmpm.v48i2.258.

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Pituitary apoplexy is a rare surgical emergency. This condition involves the rapid progression, which can threaten patients’ life and is caused by haemorrhage or infarction in the pituitary gland. In most cases, a pituitary apoplexy occurs on a pre-existing pituitary tumor. The patient presents with a clinical syndrome of headache, visual deficits, ophthalmoplegia, and altered mental status and hormonal dysfunction. We report a 28-year-old male patient with no previous history of pituitary gland disease. There was a sudden onset and rapid progression, and the patient underwent emergency endosc

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Mansurova, G. N., L. M. Tukhvatullina, L. Yu Mirolyubova, and A. T. Valiullina. "Extragenital pathology and disorders of menstrual function in young girls." Kazan medical journal 79, no. 2 (1998): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj63717.

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Anamnestic, objective and clinicolaboratory data with estimation of physical and sex development of young girls are studied. The functions of thyroid gland, adrenal cortices, pituitary body and ovaries are studied, ultrasonic examination of small pelvis, roentgenography and MR-tomography of skull are performed. It is shown that disorders of sex development and menstrual function occur in the majority of young girls in the presence of unfavourable anamnesis and various extragenital pathology. Unfavourable anamnesis is revealed in 1/3 of young girls with menstrual function disorder. Polycystosis

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Cheung, Leonard Y. M., Akima S. George, Stacey R. McGee, et al. "Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Markers of Male Pituitary Stem Cells and Hormone-Producing Cell Types." Endocrinology 159, no. 12 (2018): 3910–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00750.

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Abstract Transcription factors and signaling pathways that regulate stem cells and specialized hormone-producing cells in the pituitary gland have been the subject of intense study and have yielded a mechanistic understanding of pituitary organogenesis and disease. However, the regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the heterogeneity among specialized hormone-producing cells, and the role of nonendocrine cells in the gland remain important, unanswered questions. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) technologies provide new avenues to address these questi

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Kameda, Hiraku, Hideaki Miyoshi, Chikara Shimizu, et al. "Expression and Regulation of Neuromedin B in Pituitary Corticotrophs of Male Melanocortin 2 Receptor-Deficient Mice." Endocrinology 155, no. 7 (2014): 2492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-2077.

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls responses to stress, and has an important function in the regulation of various body processes. We previously created a mouse line deficient in the melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R). MC2R-deficient mice (MC2R−/− mice) have high adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels because of undetectable corticosterone levels. Increased neuromedin B (NMB) expression was recently reported in the pituitary gland of adrenalectomized mice, a model for acute adrenal insufficiency. To investigate gene expressio

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Zheng, Weiming, Jingying Yang, Qiaorong Jiang, Zhibin He, and Lisa M. Halvorson. "Liver receptor homologue-1 regulates gonadotrope function." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 38, no. 2 (2007): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme-06-0001.

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Over the past decade, substantial advances have been made in our understanding of the transcription factors which regulate gene expression in gonadotropes. One of the most important of these factors, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1; NR5A1) is critical for gonadotropin and GnRH-receptor expression. Interestingly, a closely related nuclear hormone receptor, liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2) has recently been detected in the anterior pituitary gland; however, its functional significance in this tissue has not been investigated. For the experiments reported here, we hypothesized that LRH-1 pl

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International, Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR). "An Incidentaloma of Pituitary Gland in Cadaver - A Clinical Correlate." International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) 9, no. 2 (2024): 69–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15372367.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Background:</strong> The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain in the pituitary fossa and weighs about 0.5gm. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the “master gland” and is the most important endocrine gland in the body because it regulates vital hormone secretion. Pituitary adenomas are present in approximately 10-15% of persons in the general population on imaging studies or at autopsy. Less than one percent adenomas found during autopsy are macro adenomas. <strong>Case Report:</strong> An enlarged pituitary mass of weig

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Chen, Long, Huijun Wang, Ziqin Zhao, Yihu Zhang, and Guangzhao Huang. "Effects of the Extract of a Chinese Herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f on Rat Pituitary Gland." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 33, no. 06 (2005): 945–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x05003521.

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In China, the ethylacetate extract of the herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f (TWEE), containing the major active ingredient triptolide, is often used with favorable effect on rheumatoid arthritis patients, in alternation with the use of prednisone. The mechanism of this therapeutic effect, however, has not been completely delineated. In this study, we studied how TWEE and prednisone affect the pituitary and adrenal glands in rats. Thirty normal male Sprague-Dawley rats (ten per group) were randomly assigned to receive: (1) TWEE (25 mg/kg, twice a day), (2) prednisone (2 mg/kg, twice a day), or

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Sikorskaya, T. A., M. V. Kachuk, and A. V. Sikorsky. "FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE THYROID GLAND AND ADRENAL GLANDS IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS." Military Medicine, no. 3 (2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51922/2074-5044.2021.3.58.

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The article defines the characteristic features of thyroid and adrenal function in patients with psoriasis, taking into account the pituitary regulation and streptococcal association of dermatosis. Patients with psoriasis, regardless of the form of dermatosis and microbial association, experience a non-thyroid syndrome with a high T3 concentration, increased glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal glands.

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Lü, F., K. Yang, V. K. M. Han, and J. R. G. Challis. "Expression, distribution, regulation and function of IGFs in the ovine fetal pituitary." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 14, no. 3 (1995): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0140323.

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ABSTRACT Activation of the fetal pituitary-adrenal axis is crucial for fetal organ maturation and the onset of parturition in sheep. Many factors including corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin secreted from the hypothalamus, and growth factors produced within the pituitary may be involved in the regulation of maturation of the fetal pituitary gland. IGFs have mitogenic and differentiation-promoting capacities in a variety of organs and are synthesized as paracrine factors within developing tissues. However, there is little information concerning the synthesis, distri

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Ullah, Yaseen, Cunyuan Li, Xiaoyue Li, et al. "Identification and Profiling of Pituitary microRNAs of Sheep during Anestrus and Estrus Stages." Animals 10, no. 3 (2020): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030402.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, molecules of 21 to 25 nucleotides in length, that regulate gene expression by binding to their target mRNA and play a significant role in animal development. The expression and role of miRNAs in regulating sheep estrus, however, remain elusive. Transcriptome analysis is helpful to understand the biological roles of miRNAs in the pituitary gland of sheep. A sheep’s pituitary gland has a significant difference between estrus and anestrus states. Here, we investigate the expression profiles of sheep anterior pituitary microRNAs (miRNAs) in

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Jovanovic, Dragan, Zoran Kovacevic, Tamara Dragovic, Marijana Petrovic, and Jelena Tadic. "Anterior pituitary lobe atrophy as late complication of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 2 (2009): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0902166j.

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Introduction. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is acute infective multisystemic disease followed by febrility, hemorrhages and acute renal insufficiency. Bleeding in the anterior pituitary lobe leading to tissue necrosis occurs in acute stage of severe clinical forms of HFRS, while atrophy of the anterior pituitary lobe with diminution of the gland function occurs after recovery stage. Case report. We presented a patient with the development of chronic renal insufficiency and hypopituitarism as complication that had been diagnosed six years after Hantavirus infection. Magnetic reso

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Scagliotti, Valeria, Ruben Esse, Thea L. Willis, et al. "Dynamic Expression of Imprinted Genes in the Developing and Postnatal Pituitary Gland." Genes 12, no. 4 (2021): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040509.

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In mammals, imprinted genes regulate many critical endocrine processes such as growth, the onset of puberty and maternal reproductive behaviour. Human imprinting disorders (IDs) are caused by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that alter the expression dosage of imprinted genes. Due to improvements in diagnosis, increasing numbers of patients with IDs are now identified and monitored across their lifetimes. Seminal work has revealed that IDs have a strong endocrine component, yet the contribution of imprinted gene products in the development and function of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis are no

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Rees, DA, MF Scanlon, and J. Ham. "Adenosine signalling pathways in the pituitary gland: one ligand, multiple receptors." Journal of Endocrinology 177, no. 3 (2003): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1770357.

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Adenosine receptors are widely distributed in most species and mediate a diverse range of physiological and pathological effects. Although adenosine receptors have been identified in the pituitary gland, the distribution of the individual subtypes (A(1), A(2A), A(2B), A(3)) has not been well defined. Furthermore, the effects of adenosine on pituitary trophic activity and function are not well established despite good evidence for growth- and immune-modulating properties of the nucleoside elsewhere. Recent advances have provided a more detailed description of adenosine receptor distribution and

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Margaret, F. Keil, and A. Stratakis Constantine. "Advances in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Molecular Genetics of Pituitary Adenomas in Childhood." US Endocrinology 04, no. 01 (2008): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2008.04.01.83.

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The pituitary gland has an essential role in the maintenance of homeostasis, normal growth and reproductive function. Although pituitary tumours are rare in childhood and adolescence and are typically histologically benign, significant morbidity may result due to their location, mass effect and/or interference with normal pituitary hormone functions.1The early identification of pituitary tumours in children is necessary to avoid serious adverse effects on both physiological and cognitive outcomes as a result of pituitary hormone dysregulation during the critical periods of growth in childhood

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Tateishi, Kayoko, Yoshio Misumi, Yukio Ikehara, Kyoko Miyasaka, and Akihiro Funakoshi. "Molecular cloning and expression of rat antisecretory factor and its intracellular localization." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 77, no. 3 (1999): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o99-043.

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Antisecretory factor (AF) was identified as a pituitary protein that inhibits the intestinal fluid secretion induced by cholera toxin. One aim of this study was to elucidate whether AF is also synthesized in the intestine or if AF produced in the pituitary is transported to the intestinal tract for its function there. cDNA clones encoding a protein proposed to be AF were isolated from rat pituitary gland and intestinal mucosa cDNA libraries. The nucleotide sequences of clones isolated from the rat pituitary gland and intestinal mucosa were identical. The deduced amino acid sequence was highly

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Rahman, Md Towhidur, Md Mofazzal Sharif, and AS Mohiuddin. "Three-dimensional pituitary gland volume on MRI - A normative study." KYAMC Journal 9, no. 2 (2018): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v9i2.38147.

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Background: Standard reference values for the pituitary gland volume of healthy Bangladeshi is necessary to facilitate assessment and diagnosis of pituitary pathology.Objectives: To obtain the dimensions of normal pituitary gland using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) and to determine their relationship with age, sex.Materials & Methods: MRI of 100 individuals with clinically normal pituitary function (age range 14- 82 years) was taken in order to obtain volumetric measurements of the pituitary gland. The data obtained were stratified based on age and sex for analysis.Results: T

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