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Journal articles on the topic 'Pituitary gland Pituitary Gland, Anterior'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Khanal, Gopal Prasad, Roshan Pangeni, Buddhi Sagar Lamichhane, Prakash Kayastha, and Anju Poudel. "Morphological Study on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Pituitary Gland in Nepalese Population: Age and Sex-Related Changes." Nepalese Journal of Radiology 10, no. 2 (2020): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v10i2.35970.

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Introduction: The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland that secretes important hormones and controls other glands. Its size, shape and volume vary with age and sex and also in various pathological conditions. This study was conducted to identify the size, shape and volume of the normal pituitary gland in different age groups of both genders using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).Methods: A retrospective study of the brain MRI Images of 203 patients was done in the Radiology and Imaging department of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Anterior-posterior dimension, transverse di

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Iino, Kazumi, Hironobu Sasano, Yutaka Oki, et al. "Urocortin Expression in Human Pituitary Gland and Pituitary Adenoma." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 82, no. 11 (1997): 3842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.82.11.4371.

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Urocortin is a recently identified neuropeptide of the CRF family in the mammalian brain, but its expression in human tissue has been little studied. In this study, we examined urocortin expression in human anterior pituitary gland and pituitary adenomas by RIA, high performance liquid chromatography, immunohistochemistry, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in situ hybridization, and reverse transcriptase-PCR. Immunoreactive urocortin concentrations in normal pituitary tissue extract were 103.25 ± 39.05 ng/g wet wt (mean ± sem; n = 4), and their levels were all significantly higher than those i

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Finley, E. L., J. S. King та J. S. Ramsdell. "Human pituitary somatotropes express transforming growth factor-α and its receptor". Journal of Endocrinology 141, № 3 (1994): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1410547.

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Abstract Transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) is a growth-regulatory peptide produced by a variety of transformed and non-transformed cells. Among non-transformed cells, TGF-α has been identified in the prolactin (PRL)- and GH-secreting cells of the bovine anterior pituitary gland. In this report, we have examined the expression of TGF-α in human anterior pituitary glands by Western analysis and immunohistochemistry. For the Western analysis, human pituitary glands were extracted in acid/ethanol, an acetic acid-soluble fraction was ether-precipitated and dialysed, and TGF-α was partially purif

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Leenstra, James L., Shota Tanaka, Robert W. Kline, et al. "Factors Associated With Endocrine Deficits After Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Pituitary Adenomas." Neurosurgery 67, no. 1 (2010): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000370978.31405.a9.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with anterior pituitary deficits after pituitary adenoma stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS The tumor, pituitary stalk, and pituitary gland were segmented on the dose plans of 82 patients (secreting tumors, n = 53; nonsecreting tumors, n = 29) for dose-volume analysis. No patient had undergone prior radiation therapy and all patients had at least 12 months of endocrinological follow-up (median, 63 months; mean, 69 months; range, 13–134). RESULTS Thirty-four patients (41%) developed new anterior pituitary deficits at a median of 32 mont

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Villacis-Nunez, D. Sofia, and Amit Thakral. "Pituitary Sarcoidosis in a Pediatric Patient Successfully Treated With Adalimumab and Methotrexate." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 232470962110121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23247096211012191.

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Neurosarcoidosis is a rare phenomenon in the pediatric population, with only a few cases reported in the literature worldwide. While hypothalamo-pituitary involvement is known to occur, direct infiltration of the pituitary gland and isolated anterior pituitary dysfunction without diabetes insipidus is seldom observed. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis, and treatment can be challenging due to lack of standardized guidelines. We present the case of a 17-year-old female with known sarcoidosis of the lacrimal glands, who developed severe headache and neurologi

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Youssef, Joyce, Rohan Sadera, Dushyant Mital, and Mohamed H. Ahmed. "HIV and the Pituitary Gland: Clinical and Biochemical Presentations." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 13, no. 01 (2021): 084–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723055.

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AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can have profound impact on the function of the pituitary gland. We have performed an electronic literature search using the following database: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. These databases were searched using the keywords HIV, pituitary glands, cancer, pituitary apoplexy, and infertility. HIV can cause hypopituitarism and also can lead to diabetes insipidus. The impact can be slow and insidious, and diagnosis depends on high index of clinical suspicion. The effect on anterior pituitary gland can be associated with growth hormone defic

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7

Pisera, D., M. Candolfi, S. Navarra, et al. "Estrogens sensitize anterior pituitary gland to apoptosis." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 287, no. 4 (2004): E767—E771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00052.2004.

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Tissue homeostasis results from a balance between cell proliferation and cell death by apoptosis. Estradiol affects proliferation as well as apoptosis in hormone-dependent tissues. In the present study, we investigated the apoptotic response of the anterior pituitary gland to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cycling female rats, and the influence of estradiol in this response in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The OVX rats were chronically estrogenized with implanted Silastic capsules containing 1 mg of 17β-estradiol (E2). Cycling or OVX and E2-treated rats were injected with LPS (250 μg/rat ip). Apopto

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8

Jones, T. H., B. L. Brown, and P. R. M. Dobson. "Bradykinin stimulates phosphoinositide metabolism and prolactin secretion in rat anterior pituitary cells." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 2, no. 1 (1989): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0020047.

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ABSTRACT Bradykinin stimulated prolactin secretion from monolayer cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells, the stimulation being greater from the cells of male rats. This stimulated secretion was accompanied by a rise in total inositol phosphate accumulation, suggesting that the action of bradykinin is mediated by phosphoinositide hydrolysis. The increase in inositol phosphate accumulation was biphasic; a further sharp rise occurred when the concentration of bradykinin exceeded 1 μmol/l. This may indicate that bradykinin acts on other cell types in the pituitary gland. Bradykinin had no effec

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Dorton, Angela. "The Pituitary Gland: Embryology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology." Neonatal Network 19, no. 2 (2000): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.19.2.9.

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The pituitary gland, the “master gland” of the body, is composed of endocrine cells, which secrete hormones essential for homeostasis. The gland consists of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), two unique structures that differ anatomically and functionally.The neurohypophysis is innervated by nerve cells in the hypothalamus and forms the connection between it and the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus stimulates release and inhibition of pituitary hormones. The neurohypophysis secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.The adenohypophysis is c

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10

Turner, Helen E., Zsusha Nagy, Kevin C. Gatter, Margaret M. Esiri, Adrian L. Harris, and John A. H. Wass. "Angiogenesis in Pituitary Adenomas and the Normal Pituitary Gland." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85, no. 3 (2000): 1159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.3.6485.

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Abstract Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth beyond a few millimeters in diameter, and the intratumoral microvessel count that represents a measure of angiogenesis has been correlated with tumor behavior in a variety of different tumor types. To date no systematic study has assessed pituitary tumors of different secretory types, correlating vascular count with tumor size. The vascular densities of pituitary tumors and normal anterior pituitary were therefore assessed by counting vessels labeled using the vascular markers CD31 and ulex europaeus agglutinin I. One hundred and twelve surgi

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Sawada, A., N. Morita, S. Yoshida, M. Yamamoto, and K. Hashimoto. "Primary Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Syndrome With Galactorrhea: Findings at MR Imaging." Cephalalgia 16, no. 2 (1996): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1602124.x.

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A case of primary low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure syndrome with galactorrhea is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffusely enhanced meninges, edematous brain, and enlarged pituitary gland. Coincidental enlargement of pituitary gland and edematous brain due to low CSF pressure compressed the pituitary portal system. The 1ow-perfused anterior lobe of pituitary gland would be the mechanism of galactorrhea.

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Khasaev, A. N., Z. M. Dzhambulatov, M. M. Zubairova, F. G. Astarkhanov, and N. M. Gadzhiev. "Ultrastructural characteristics of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle in the definitive period of postnatal ontogenesis." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 09013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125409013.

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Today much attention is paid to the study of the pituitary ultrastructure of laboratory animals and humans. But there is not enough available literature to study the most important organ of internal secretion of productive animal. The aim of our work is to study the structure of the ultrastructure of cells of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle in the definitive period of postnatal ontogenesis. Histological, morphometric, and electron microscopic techniques were used to study the cellular composition of the anterior pituitary gland of cattle. It was revealed that the anterior lobe of the pi

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Cho, Charles H., Garni Barkhoudarian, Liangge Hsu, Wenya Linda Bi, Amir A. Zamani, and Edward R. Laws. "Magnetic resonance imaging validation of pituitary gland compression and distortion by typical sellar pathology." Journal of Neurosurgery 119, no. 6 (2013): 1461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.8.jns13496.

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Object Identification of the normal pituitary gland is an important component of presurgical planning, defining many aspects of the surgical approach and facilitating normal gland preservation. Magnetic resonance imaging is a proven imaging modality for optimal soft-tissue contrast discrimination in the brain. This study is designed to validate the accuracy of localization of the normal pituitary gland with MRI in a cohort of surgical patients with pituitary mass lesions, and to evaluate for correlation between presurgical pituitary hormone values and pituitary gland characteristics on neuroim

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14

Biondi, Christine A., Michael G. Gartside, Paul Waring, et al. "Conditional Inactivation of the Men1 Gene Leads to Pancreatic and Pituitary Tumorigenesis but Does Not Affect Normal Development of These Tissues." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 8 (2004): 3125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.8.3125-3131.2004.

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ABSTRACT Mutations of the MEN1 gene, encoding the tumor suppressor menin, predispose individuals to the cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, characterized by the development of tumors of the endocrine pancreas and anterior pituitary and parathyroid glands. We have targeted the murine Men1 gene by using Cre recombinase-loxP technology to develop both total and tissue-specific knockouts of the gene. Conditional homozygous inactivation of the Men1 gene in the pituitary gland and endocrine pancreas bypasses the embryonic lethality associated with a constitutional Men1 −/− genotype

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Gogakos, Apostolos I., Tasos Gogakos, Marina Kita, and Zoe A. Efstathiadou. "Pituitary Dysfunction as a Cause of Cardiovascular Disease." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 43 (2020): 5573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824999201105165351.

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The hypothalamic-pituitary axis is responsible for the neuroendocrine control of several organ systems. The anterior pituitary directly affects the functions of the thyroid gland, the adrenal glands, and gonads, and regulates growth and milk production. The posterior hypophysis, through nerve connections with the hypothalamic nuclei, releases vasopressin and oxytocin responsible for water balance and social bonding, sexual reproduction and childbirth, respectively. Pituitary gland hormonal excess or deficiency results in dysregulation of metabolic pathways and mechanisms that are important for

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Ward, Robert D., Lori T. Raetzman, Hoonkyo Suh, Brandon M. Stone, Igor O. Nasonkin, and Sally A. Camper. "Role of PROP1 in Pituitary Gland Growth." Molecular Endocrinology 19, no. 3 (2005): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2004-0341.

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Abstract Mutations in the PROP1 transcription factor gene lead to reduced production of thyrotropin, GH, prolactin, and gonadotropins as well as to pituitary hypoplasia in adult humans and mice. Some PROP1-deficient patients initially exhibit pituitary hyperplasia that resolves to hypoplasia. To understand this feature and to explore the mechanism whereby PROP1 regulates anterior pituitary gland growth, we carried out longitudinal studies in normal and Prop1-deficient dwarf mice from early embryogenesis through adulthood, examining the volume of Rathke’s pouch and its derivatives, the position

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17

Fraser, R. A., K. Siminoski, and S. Harvey. "GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR GENE: NOVEL EXPRESSION IN PITUITARY TISSUE." Journal of Endocrinology 128, no. 3 (1991): R9—R11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.128r009.

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ABSTRACT Specific hybridization of polyadenylated RNA, extracted from rat, rabbit and human pituitary glands with a 638 bp rabbit GH receptor (rGHR) cRNA was demonstrated by Northern analysis. In-situ hybridization of tissue sections with the probe demonstrated the localization of rGHR mRNA throughout the rat pituitary gland and its presence in the anterior lobe of the rabbit pituitary. Growth hormone binding sites on pituitary membranes were not, however, demonstrated by radioligand binding studies. Thus, although the GH receptor gene is expressed in pituitary tissue, functional GH receptors

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18

Perez-Castro, Carolina, Ulrich Renner, Mariana R. Haedo, Gunter K. Stalla, and Eduardo Arzt. "Cellular and Molecular Specificity of Pituitary Gland Physiology." Physiological Reviews 92, no. 1 (2012): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00003.2011.

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The anterior pituitary gland has the ability to respond to complex signals derived from central and peripheral systems. Perception of these signals and their integration are mediated by cell interactions and cross-talk of multiple signaling transduction pathways and transcriptional regulatory networks that cooperate for hormone secretion, cell plasticity, and ultimately specific pituitary responses that are essential for an appropriate physiological response. We discuss the physiopathological and molecular mechanisms related to this integrative regulatory system of the anterior pituitary gland

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Fassett, Daniel R., and William T. Couldwell. "Metastases to the pituitary gland." Neurosurgical Focus 16, no. 4 (2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.4.9.

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Only 1% of all pituitary surgeries are performed to treat tumors that have metastasized to the pituitary gland; however, in certain cases of malignant neoplasms pituitary metastases do occur. Breast and lung cancers are the most common diseases that metastasize to the pituitary. Breast cancer metastasizes to the pituitary especially frequently, with reported rates ranging between 6 and 8% of cases. Most pituitary metastases are asymptomatic, with only 7% reported to be symptomatic. Diabetes insipidus, anterior pituitary dysfunction, visual field defects, headache/pain, and ophthalmoplegia are

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Alim, Zahara, Cheryl Hartshorn, Oliver Mai, et al. "Gonadotrope Plasticity at Cellular and Population Levels." Endocrinology 153, no. 10 (2012): 4729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1360.

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Abstract Hormone-secreting cells within the anterior pituitary gland may form organized and interdigitated networks that adapt to changing endocrine conditions in different physiological contexts. For gonadotropes, this might reflect a strategy to cope with acute changes throughout different female reproductive stages. The current study examined gonadotropes in female mice at characteristically different hormonal stages: prepubertal, postpubertal, and lactating. Gonadotrope plasticity was examined at the level of the whole population and single cells at different stages by imaging both fixed a

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Scanes, C. G., S. Jeftinija, A. Glavaski-Joksimovic, J. Proudman, C. Arámburo, and L. L. Anderson. "The anterior pituitary gland: Lessons from livestock." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 29, no. 1 (2005): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.04.002.

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Nelson, Paul B., Alan G. Robinson, and Julio A. Martinez. "Metastatic Tumor of the Pituitary Gland." Neurosurgery 21, no. 6 (1987): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198712000-00030.

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Abstract Although metastatic tumors of the pituitary gland and the sellar region are not common, they may radiographically mimic a pituitary tumor. Because the metastasis frequently involves the posterior lobe and because lateral extension to the cavernous sinus is common, patients may present with ptosis, diplopia, or diabetes insipidus. Decrease in anterior pituitary function is less common. Metastatic tumors contain abundant vascular networks, as evidenced by frequent blush on cerebral angiography and increased bleeding at operation. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman who presented w

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Persson, L., M. Nilsson, and E. Rosengren. "Ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamines in the anterior pituitary gland during the rat oestrous cycle." Journal of Endocrinology 107, no. 1 (1985): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1070083.

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ABSTRACT The biosynthesis of polyamines, an ubiquitous group of amines shown to be essential for normal cellular growth and differentiation, was studied in the rat anterior pituitary gland during the different stages of the oestrous cycle. The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which catalyses the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of polyamines, was low during oestrus, metoestrus and dioestrus. However, a marked transitory rise in ODC activity was found in the pituitary gland on the evening of pro-oestrus. The rise in ODC activity was accompanied by an increase in the pituitary co

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Leung, Gilberto Ka Kit, Wing Sun Chow, Kathryn Choon Beng Tan, Yiu Wah Fan, and Karen Siu Ling Lam. "Metastatic melanoma of the pituitary gland." Journal of Neurosurgery 99, no. 5 (2003): 913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.99.5.0913.

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✓ The authors report on the clinical features and imaging studies in a case of metastatic melanoma of the pituitary gland. Cerebral metastatic melanoma and pituitary metastasis from any source are commonly associated with systemic metastasis, whereas pituitary metastatic melanoma without widespread disease dissemination is distinctly rare. This 46-year-old man presented with diabetes insipidus and anterior pituitary dysfunction 5 years after he underwent resection of a cutaneous malignant melanoma of the neck. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the presence of melanin within a sellar tumo

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Parkkila, A. K., S. Parkkila, and H. Rajaniemi. "Carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II is located in corticotrophs of the human pituitary gland." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 3 (1996): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.3.8648084.

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We studied the location of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes I, II, and VI in human pituitary gland using specific antisera in conjunction with immunoblotting, immunoperoxidase, and double immunofluorescence staining techniques. Stainings with anti-CA II serum showed intense cytoplasmic reaction in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Double immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the cells that expressed CA II. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that, of the anterior pituitary hormones studied, ACTH coincides mainly with CA II in these cells. Stainings with anti-CA I a

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Fleming, JS, NM Hope, and CJ Bolter. "Clusterin is expressed in the anterior and intermediate lobes, but not in the posterior pituitary of sheep." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 23, no. 2 (1999): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0230199.

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We have examined the expression of the ovine clusterin gene in the sheep pituitary gland, with the aim of determining its site of synthesis in this tissue. Northern blotting analysis of extracted polyadenylated RNA, using a (32)P-labelled rat clusterin cDNA probe, detected the greatest amounts of clusterin mRNA in the anterior part of dissected pituitary glands. In situ hybridisation studies showed clusterin mRNA in anterior and intermediate pituitary cells, with lower amounts in vascular endothelium and posterior pituicytes. Clusterin protein, detected by immunohistochemistry, was observed in

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Bovenkamp, Daniela, Alexander Micko, Jeremias Püls, et al. "Line Scan Raman Microspectroscopy for Label-Free Diagnosis of Human Pituitary Biopsies." Molecules 24, no. 19 (2019): 3577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193577.

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Pituitary adenomas are neoplasia of the anterior pituitary gland and can be subdivided into hormone-producing tumors (lactotroph, corticotroph, gonadotroph, somatotroph, thyreotroph or plurihormonal) and hormone-inactive tumors (silent or null cell adenomas) based on their hormonal status. We therefore developed a line scan Raman microspectroscopy (LSRM) system to detect, discriminate and hyperspectrally visualize pituitary gland from pituitary adenomas based on molecular differences. By applying principal component analysis followed by a k-nearest neighbor algorithm, specific hormone states w

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Murphy, D., K. Pardy, V. Seah, and D. Carter. "Posttranscriptional regulation of rat growth hormone gene expression: increased message stability and nuclear polyadenylation accompany thyroid hormone depletion." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 6 (1992): 2624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.6.2624.

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In thyroid hormone-depleted rats, the rate of transcription of the growth hormone (GH) gene in the anterior pituitary gland is lower than the rate in euthyroid controls, and there is a corresponding reduction in the abundance of the GH mRNA. Concomitantly, the poly(A) tail of the GH mRNA increases in length. Examination of nuclear RNA from anterior pituitary glands of control and thyroid hormone-depleted rats revealed no difference in the length of pre-mRNAs containing the first and last introns of the GH gene. However, mature nuclear GH RNA is differentially polyadenylated in euthyroid and hy

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Murphy, D., K. Pardy, V. Seah, and D. Carter. "Posttranscriptional regulation of rat growth hormone gene expression: increased message stability and nuclear polyadenylation accompany thyroid hormone depletion." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 6 (1992): 2624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.6.2624-2632.1992.

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In thyroid hormone-depleted rats, the rate of transcription of the growth hormone (GH) gene in the anterior pituitary gland is lower than the rate in euthyroid controls, and there is a corresponding reduction in the abundance of the GH mRNA. Concomitantly, the poly(A) tail of the GH mRNA increases in length. Examination of nuclear RNA from anterior pituitary glands of control and thyroid hormone-depleted rats revealed no difference in the length of pre-mRNAs containing the first and last introns of the GH gene. However, mature nuclear GH RNA is differentially polyadenylated in euthyroid and hy

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Eigler, Tamar, and Anat Ben-Shlomo. "Somatostatin system: molecular mechanisms regulating anterior pituitary hormones." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 53, no. 1 (2014): R1—R19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-14-0034.

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The somatostatin (SRIF) system, which includes the SRIF ligand and receptors, regulates anterior pituitary gland function, mainly inhibiting hormone secretion and to some extent pituitary tumor cell growth. SRIF-14 via its cognate G-protein-coupled receptors (subtypes 1–5) activates multiple cellular signaling pathways including adenylate cyclase/cAMP, MAPK, ion channel-dependent pathways, and others. In addition, recent data have suggested SRIF-independent constitutive SRIF receptor activity responsible for GH and ACTH inhibition in vitro. This review summarizes current knowledge on ligand-de

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Horiguchi, Kotaro, Motoshi Kikuchi, Kenji Kusumoto, et al. "Living-cell imaging of transgenic rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture reveals novel characteristics of folliculo-stellate cells." Journal of Endocrinology 204, no. 2 (2009): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0333.

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Folliculo-stellate (FS) cells in the anterior pituitary gland appear to possess multifunctional properties. Recently, the development of transgenic rats (S100b–green fluorescent protein (GFP) rats) that express GFP specifically in FS cells in the anterior pituitary gland has allowed us to distinguish and observe living FS cells in other kinds of pituitary cells. We used S100b–GFP rats to investigate the topographic affinity of FS cells for other pituitary cells. We observed living FS cells in enzymatically dispersed anterior pituitary cells of S100b–GFP rats under a fluorescent microscope, and

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Majo, G., MJ Lorenzo, J. Blasi, and F. Aguado. "Exocytotic protein components in rat pituitary gland after long-term estrogen administration." Journal of Endocrinology 161, no. 2 (1999): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1610323.

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Recently, a set of proteins involved in the docking and fusion machinery of secretory organelles has been identified in anterior pituitary cells. In this study we analyzed, by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry, the expression of several proteins involved in exocytosis after long-term administration of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in Fischer 344 rats. No differences were observed in the amount of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa, synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1, synaptotagmin I and Rab3a in total brain homogenates from treated rats after E2 administration. In striking contrast, the levels

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Osnitskaya, A. V., and V. Ye Olyushin. "Pituitary metastases as a rare variant of intracranial metastasis." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 7, no. 5-2 (2008): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2008-5-2-332-337.

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Metastatiс spread of neoplasms to the pituitary gland is a relatively common finding in autopsy series of cancer patients. The majority of these patients were asymptomatic. Only 1% of all pituitary surgeries are performed to treat tumors that have metastasized to the pituitary gland. From 1993 through 2008, 3 patients with symptoms arising from tumor metastasis to the pituitary gland were evaluated at the Russian Polenov Neurosurgical Institute.Breast and lung cancers are the most common diseases that metastasize to the pituitary.In two patients, the primary malignancy was breast. In one case,

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Rosental, D. G., G. A. Machiavelli, A. C. Cherñavsky, N. Sterin Speziale, and J. A. Burdman. "Indomethacin inhibits the effects of oestrogen in the anterior pituitary gland of the rat." Journal of Endocrinology 121, no. 3 (1989): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1210513.

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ABSTRACT Two inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin and aspirin, blocked the increase of oestrogen-binding sites in the nuclear subcellular fraction, an increase which occurs after the administration of oestradiol. Consequently the biological effects of oestrogens in the anterior pituitary gland of the rat (prolactin synthesis, concentration of progesteronebinding sites and cell proliferation) are diminished. The anterior pituitary gland synthesized prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), PGE2 and PGD2 from arachidonic acid. This synthesis was blocked when indomethacin was added to the culture

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López, B. Díaz, and L. Debeljuk. "Prenatal melatonin and its interaction with tachykinins in the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 3 (2007): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd06140.

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The pineal gland, through its hormone melatonin, influences the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Tachykinins are bioactive peptides whose presence has been demonstrated in the pineal gland, hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland and the gonads, in addition to other central and peripheral structures. Tachykinins have been demonstrated to influence the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, acting as paracrine factors at each of these levels. In the present review, we examine the available evidence supporting a role for melatonin in the regulation of reproductiv

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Choi, Jai Ho, Jung Eun Lee, Hong-Lim Kim, Seung Hyun Ko, Se Hoon Kim, and Seung Ho Yang. "Functional Restoration of Pituitary after Pituitary Allotransplantation into Hypophysectomized Rats." Cells 10, no. 2 (2021): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020267.

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Long-term hormone replacement therapy due to panhypopituitarism can lead to serious complications and thus, pituitary transplantation is considered a more desirable. We investigated functional restoration after allotransplatation of the pituitary gland. We transplanted extracted pituitary gland into the omentum of an hypophysectomized rat. Two experiments were performed: (1) to confirm the hypophysectomy was successful and (2) to assess functional restoration after pituitary transplantation. Pituitary hormone level and weight change were consecutively assessed. Electron microscopic (EM) examin

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Pisera, D., S. Theas, A. De Laurentiis, M. Lasaga, B. Duvilanski, and A. Seilicovich. "The hormonal status modulates the effect of neurokinin A on prolactin secretion in female rats." Journal of Endocrinology 159, no. 3 (1998): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1590389.

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We have previously reported that neurokinin A (NKA), a tachykinin closely related to substance P, increases the release of prolactin (PRL) from the anterior pituitary gland of male rats, but not from pituitaries of ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. In this study, we evaluated the influence of estrogens in the action of NKA on PRL secretion in female rats. NKA stimulated the in vitro release of PRL from pituitary glands of OVX-chronically estrogenized rats, and of proestrus and estrus rats, but had no effect in anterior pituitaries of diestrus rats. In addition, we observed that cultured anteri

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Zaika, S. S. "ГИСТОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГИПОФИЗА КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 18, № 2(66) (2016): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet6617.

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Histochemical studies allowed to investigate the main aspects of the chemical statics and dynamics of the pituitary gland: location and nature of the reaction to the contents of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids in cattle of different ages.It is installed the increased intensity of histochemical reactions to identify DNA and RNA. This indicates about the nucleic nature of the colloid, which is produced by the body and is a carrier of hormonal substances. The greatest concentration of nucleic acids was observed in the adenohypophysis of animals of 6 months of age. Here they are accumulated mo

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Muraki, Koutarou, Hiroyasu Okahata, Yoshikazu Nishi, et al. "Distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gastro-intestinal tract of rats." Acta Endocrinologica 110, no. 1 (1985): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1100001.

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Abstract. The distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and throughout the gastro-intestinal tract of adult rats was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). NTLI concentrations were higher in the hypothalamus than in the pituitary gland or gastro-intestinal tract. The anterior and posterior pituitary gland had almost the same concentration of NTLI. In the gastro-intestinal tract, the mucosal layer of the small intestine had abundant NTLI. The mucosal layer had higher NTLI levels than the muscular layer throughout the alimentary tract.

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Coates, P. J., I. Doniach, J. M. P. Holly та L. H. Rees. "Demonstration of desacetyl α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in fetal and adult human anterior pituitary corticotrophs". Journal of Endocrinology 120, № 3 (1989): 525—NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1200525.

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ABSTRACT Immunocytochemistry, radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques have been used in combination to investigate the presence of immunoreactive (ir)-α-MSH in the normal human pituitary gland, and to investigate the possible origin of these cells from the fetal pars intermedia. Two separate antisera to α-MSH were employed in immunocytochemistry to distinguish between authentic α-MSH and the desacetyl form. Only desacetyl α-MSH was detected in the pituitary gland of fetal and adult man, in both the pars (zona) intermedia and the pars anterior. In the fetus

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Karaca, Ender, Ramazan Buyukkaya, Davut Pehlivan, et al. "Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Homozygous GPR161 Mutation in a Family with Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 1 (2015): E140—E147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-1984.

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Abstract Context: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare, congenital anomaly of the pituitary gland characterized by pituitary gland insufficiency, thin or discontinuous pituitary stalk, anterior pituitary hypoplasia, and ectopic positioning of the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). The clinical presentation of patients with PSIS varies from isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency to combined pituitary insufficiency and accompanying extrapituitary findings. Mutations in HESX1, LHX4, OTX2, SOX3, and PROKR2 have been associated with PSIS in less than 5% of cases; thus,

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Kanasaki, Haruhiko. "Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Anterior Pituitary Gland." Open Neuroendocrinology Journal 4, no. 1 (2011): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876528901104010111.

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Gorczyca, W., and J. Hardy. "Arterial supply of the human anterior pituitary gland." Neurosurgery 20, no. 3 (1987): 369???78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-198703000-00003.

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Miki, Y., R. Asato, R. Okumura, et al. "Anterior pituitary gland in pregnancy: hyperintensity at MR." Radiology 187, no. 1 (1993): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.187.1.8451418.

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Yelamanchi, Soujanya D., Ankur Tyagi, Varshasnata Mohanty, et al. "Proteomic Analysis of the Human Anterior Pituitary Gland." OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology 22, no. 12 (2018): 759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/omi.2018.0160.

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Mabuchi, Yoshio, Nobuyuki Shirasawa, Eisuke Sakuma, et al. "Electron microscopic observations of the anterior pituitary gland." Tissue and Cell 40, no. 3 (2008): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2007.07.006.

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Gorczyca, Wojciech, and Jules Hardy. "Arterial Supply of the Human Anterior Pituitary Gland." Neurosurgery 20, no. 3 (1987): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198703000-00003.

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GRANDI, ARCARI, and TRUZZI. "Follicular structure in the mink anterior pituitary gland." Cell Biology International Reports 14 (September 1990): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(90)91073-d.

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Abdo, Ahmed MR, Mohamed E. El-Beeh, Sameer H. Qari, Dina A. El-badry, and Hassan IH El-Sayyad. "Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia Impair the Cytological Structure of the Anterior Pituitary Gland." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 3 (2019): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2780.

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Increase consumption of high fat diet was found to alter blood sugar level similar to diabetes and contributed to the development of obesity and affected the reproductive function of both sexes. The study aimed to clarify the influence of diabetes and or hypercholesterolemia on the cytological picture of cells of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland of male albino rats. Eighteen male albino rats weighing approximately 120 gram body weight were divided into three main groups; control, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes (single i.p. 40 mg streptozotocin/kg B.wt plus 100mg. nicotinamide /kg

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Sjöstedt, Evelina, Anders J. Kolnes, Nicoleta C. Olarescu, et al. "TGFBR3L—An Uncharacterised Pituitary Specific Membrane Protein Detected in the Gonadotroph Cells in Non-Neoplastic and Tumour Tissue." Cancers 13, no. 1 (2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010114.

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Here, we report the investigation of transforming growth factor beta-receptor 3 like (TGFBR3L), an uncharacterised pituitary specific membrane protein, in non-neoplastic anterior pituitary gland and pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. A polyclonal antibody produced within the Human Protein Atlas project (HPA074356) was used for TGFBR3L staining and combined with SF1 and FSH for a 3-plex fluorescent protocol, providing more details about the cell lineage specificity of TGFBR3L expression. A cohort of 230 pituitary neuroendocrine tumours were analysed. In a subgroup of previously characterised gon

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