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Journal articles on the topic 'Pity (The English word)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Jarniewicz, Jerzy. "The Pattern-Book of Grief, Pity and Affection. Tadeusz Różewicz’s „Mother Departs” and Its English Translation." Anglica Wratislaviensia 55 (October 18, 2017): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.55.11.

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Tadeusz Różewicz’s Mother Departs is a late work of one of Poland’s most important writers — a polyphonic elegy dedicated to his mother, who died in 1957. The articles discusses the possible reasons of Różewicz’s relative absence in the English-speaking world and proceeds to analyze the importance of Mother Departs in his oeuvre. This award-winning book, which testifies to the impossibility of overcoming the grieving of loss, is composed of a variety of textual fragments, including documentary material, such as diaries, notebooks and letters, as well as literary works by the poet’s brother and the poet himself. Różewicz moves between the documentary and the lyrical, between the historical and the personal, between memory and grief, while merging the elegy for his mother with his own farewell, which stems from the sense of the poet’s own imminent departure. The English translator of the work had to deal with such problems as the rendering of culture specific items and emotionally charged passages of grief and tenderness, often expressed in diminutives which have no equivalents in English.

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Kaźmierski, Kamil, Ewelina Wojtkowiak, and Andreas Baumann. "Coalescent assimilation across word-boundaries in American English and in Polish English." Research in Language 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2016-0012.

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Coalescent assimilation (CA), where alveolar obstruents /t, d, s, z/ in word-final position merge with word-initial /j/ to produce postalveolar /tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, ʒ/, is one of the most wellknown connected speech processes in English. Due to its commonness, CA has been discussed in numerous textbook descriptions of English pronunciation, and yet, upon comparing them it is difficult to get a clear picture of what factors make its application likely. This paper aims to investigate the application of CA in American English to see a) what factors increase the likelihood of its application for each of the four alveolar obstruents, and b) what is the allophonic realization of plosives /t, d/ if the CA does not apply. To do so, the Buckeye Corpus (Pitt et al. 2007) of spoken American English is analyzed quantitatively. As a second step, these results are compared with Polish English; statistics analogous to the ones listed above for American English are gathered for Polish English based on the PLEC corpus (Pęzik 2012). The last section focuses on what consequences for teaching based on a native speaker model the findings have. It is argued that a description of the phenomenon that reflects the behavior of speakers of American English more accurately than extant textbook accounts could be beneficial to the acquisition of these patterns.

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Rahmawati, Femi Eka, and Esti Junining. "Revitalizing a Traditional Game “Dakon” to Teach English for Young Learners." Metathesis: journal of English language, literature, and teaching 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/metathesis.v2i1.616.

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<p>A traditional game can develop either cognitive, social or emotional skills of the children. <em>Dakon</em>, one of the name of traditional game from Java, becomes the point of discussion in this paper. <em>Dakon</em> is made of wood or plastic with fourteen pits filled with particles like tamarine seeds, snail cover or small stones. This game can be played by two players facing each other by filling the particles to each pit. In the last stopped stone, the student should see the letter printed in the pit and then start spelling the letter, pronounce the word and read the usage of the word in a simple sentence provided. This part is played again and again until the particles are empty. This paper aims at designing a traditional game, <em>dakon</em>, to learn pronunciation and vocabulary. This game is designed for young learners (elementary school students) who willingly learn English in pairs. Besides learning English, this game also can develop the learners’ social interaction with friends at similar ages. This is a Design Based Research by designing art concept. The result shows that the Elementary school students enjoy learning English using this game.</p>

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4

Coppa, Francesca. "Kenneth Tynan: A Life. By Dominic Shellard. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003; pp. 399. $35.00 cloth." Theatre Survey 46, no. 2 (October 25, 2005): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557405250202.

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Pity the scholar asked to review a biography of Kenneth Tynan; one finds oneself frantically searching one's pockets for aphorisms, witticisms, or—at the very least—a shocking obscenity or two. After all, Tynan was the critic who so memorably dismissed a popular musical as “a world of woozy song”; met the question, “Who are the new English playwrights?” with the sarcastic rejoinder, “Who were the old ones?”; and who cried out for new playwrights to invade the British theatre because he would “rather be a war correspondent than a necrologist.” Then, of course, there is the famous first use of the word “fuck” on television and the staging of Oh, Calcutta! and the magnificent New Yorker profiles, not to mention the nearly singlehanded reshaping of British drama through the powerful combination of exhortation and satire. All in all, it is a lot for a reviewer to live up to, and while I have neither Tynan's wit nor ability to provoke, I do find myself able to produce one single Tynanesque observation about Dominick Shellard's Kenneth Tynan: A Life. This is that the book has been shockingly missubtitled.

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PLAG, INGO, JULIA HOMANN, and GERO KUNTER. "Homophony and morphology: The acoustics of word-final S in English." Journal of Linguistics 53, no. 1 (June 4, 2015): 181–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226715000183.

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Recent research has shown that homophonous lexemes show systematic phonetic differences (e.g. Gahl 2008, Drager 2011), with important consequences for models of speech production such as Levelt et al. (1999). These findings also pose the question of whether similar differences hold for allegedly homophonous affixes (instead of free lexemes). Earlier experimental research found some evidence that morphemic and non-morphemic sounds may differ acoustically (Walsh & Parker 1983, Losiewicz 1992). This paper investigates this question by analyzing the phonetic realization of non-morphemic /s/ and /z/, and of six different English /s/ and /z/ morphemes (plural, genitive, genitive-plural and 3rd person singular, as well as cliticized forms ofhasandis). The analysis is based on more than 600 tokens extracted from conversational speech (Buckeye Corpus, Pitt et al. 2007). Two important results emerge. First, there are significant differences in acoustic duration between some morphemic /s/’s and /z/’s and non-morphemic /s/ and /z/, respectively. Second, there are significant differences in duration between some of the morphemes. These findings challenge standard assumptions in morphological theory, lexical phonology and models of speech production.

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MELCHERS, GUNNEL. "A treasury of Englishes." English Language and Linguistics 14, no. 3 (October 1, 2010): 485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067431000016x.

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This four-volume publication is the second version, envisaged already at the planning of the project, of the monumental overview of World Englishes, first launched in 2004 as the two-volume Handbook of Varieties of English. The individual contributions, each covering the phonology or morphosyntax of a specific variety, are by and large identical in the 2004 and 2008 versions, but the overall structure is different: the more recent, ‘derived’ version is organized according to region, whereas the two 2004 volumes focused on worldwide phonology and morphosyntax respectively. Admittedly, the new version retains the same organization to a degree, in that each regional volume first features the phonology of all its varieties and then morphosyntax. In my view, this is a pity, as a coherent presentation of a variety would clearly have been more reader-friendly, but it would presumably have required a considerable amount of re-editing.

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Aljasser, Faisal M., Keonya T. Jackson, Michael S. Vitevitch, and Joan A. Sereno. "The influence of phoneme inventory on elicited speech errors in Arabic speakers of English." Mental Lexicon 13, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.17014.alj.

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Abstract Previous studies have shown that nonnative phonemic contrasts pose perceptual difficulties for L2 learners, but less is known about how these contrasts affect speech production in L2 learners. In the present study, we elicited speech errors in a tongue twister task investigating L1 Arabic speakers producing L2 English words. Two sets of word productions were contrasted: words with phonemic contrasts existing in both L1 Arabic and L2 English (e.g. tip vs dip, sing vs zing) or words with phonemic contrasts existing in English alone (pit vs bit, fat vs vat). Results showed that phonemic contrasts that do not exist in Arabic induced significantly more speech errors in L2 Arabic speakers of English compared to native English speakers than did phonemic contrasts found in both languages. Implications of these findings for representations in L2 learners are discussed.

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8

Anokhina, T. O. "Etymological Stratigraphy of the Lexemes lacuna / лакуна in English and Ukrainian." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 9. Current Trends in Language Development, no. 19 (January 12, 2020): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series9.2019.19.01.

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The article deals with etymological versions of lacuna in English and its Ukrainian лакуна counterpart. It has become terminologically important in the process of functioning and has become the basic term for the new science of lacunology. It is revealed that the lexeme of lacuna / лакуна was borrowed into English and Ukrainian from Latin, but at the same time it should be considered as a result of the semantic development of IE. *laku, in particular, of its primary definitions as “reservoir”, “dried lake”, “hole”, “void” and others Etymological nests of derivatives related to the words lacuna / лакуна have been constructed to demonstrate their genetic relationship for the common IE. root *laku / *laqü-, with the subsequent transition to the Proto-German *lögr and the Proto-Slavic – *loky. It is established that by semantic shift of the semantic chain “water”, “lake”, “pit”, “hole” in the original semantic structure of these words an archisema ‘absence’ was formed through a dichotomy повний [з водою] :: порожний [без води]. The component analysis of differential and integral family connections of the archiseme of ‘absence’ in modern naive pictures of the world is made. Based on them their further terminologisation in scientific pictures of the world have been recorded.It is proved that in the scientific pictures of the world these semes have lost their original topographic value (reservoirs and their devastated state) and have been transformed into seven ‘pass’, ‘missing element’, ‘missing form’, ‘gap’. The terms “lake”, “pit”, “swamp” and “sea” are no longer associated with the word lacuna / лакуна. Developing its original meanings and acquiring new differential families associated with the archiseme of ‘absence’ and new synonyms, the notion of lacuna / лакуна has become a term in philosophy, mathematics, medicine and linguistics.

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9

ZAMUNER, TANIA S. "The structure and nature of phonological neighbourhoods in children's early lexicons." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 1 (September 23, 2008): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908008829.

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ABSTRACTThis research examines phonological neighbourhoods in the lexicons of children acquiring English. Analyses of neighbourhood densities were done on children's earliest words and on a corpus of spontaneous speech, used to measure neighbours in the target language. Neighbourhood densities were analyzed for words created by changing segments in word-onset position (rhyme neighbours as in pin/bin), vowel position (consonant neighbours as in pin/pan/) and word-offset position (lead neighbours as in pin/pit). Results indicated that neighbours in children's early lexicons are significantly more often distinguished in word-onset position (rhyme neighbours) and significantly less often distinguished in word-offset position (lead neighbours). Moreover, patterns in child language are more extreme than in the target language. Findings are discussed within the PRIMIR framework (Processing Rich Information from Multidimensional Interaction Representations; Werker & Curtin, 2005). It is argued that early perceptual sensitivity aids lexical acquisition, supporting continuity across speech perception and lexical acquisition.

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Devriese, L. "From mules, horses and livestock to companion animals: a linguistic-etymological approach to veterinary history, mirroring animal and (mainly) human welfare." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 81, no. 4 (August 31, 2012): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v81i4.18338.

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In some languages, major changes in the veterinary profession are mirrored in the names used by those engaged in this branch of medicine during different periods of history. These names were most often derived from the animal species that were of predominant importance in any given period. The terms veterinarius, mulomedicus (mule healer) and hippiater (horse doctor) reflect the major importance of these animals in Roman and Greek antiquity. Draft and pack animals (Latin: veterina) played a major role in the improvement of mankind’s living conditions. Without their help, men and women had to do all the heavy labor with the help only of primitive instruments, and they had to transport all burdens themselves. Horses became of paramount importance in warfare. Chivalry (cheval in French: horse) attained a high status in mediaeval society. This high esteem for horses, horse riding and everything associated with it continued even after the horse had lost its military significance. We see this in terms such as maréchal in French (meaning both ‘shoeing smith’ and ‘field-marshal’), marshal in English, maarschalk in Dutch, derived from an old Germanic word for ‘keeper of the horses’ but originally meaning ‘horse boy’. Similar titles were paardenmeester for ‘horse master’ in Dutch, and Rossarzt or Pferdarzt in German. The terms veterinarian and vétérinaire, which are generally used in English and French, do not differentiate between the species and types of animals involved. This term, derived from the learned Latin medicus veterinarius, was not created by the public, but rather was promoted by the early veterinary schools and professional organizations. Its supposedly general meaning was most probably a factor that guided the choice of its use. Nobody alluded to its primary significance (etymology) involving the care of ‘beasts of burden’, and it is a pity that almost no one any longer is aware of this. The enormous role that these humble animals once played in the liberation of mankind from slavish labor, and from slavery itself, remains practically unknown. The term ‘veterinary’ has lost nothing of its forgotten original content. Knowledge about this may help to rehabilitate the humble donkeys, the mules and other beasts of burden who delivered mankind from much arduous labor ... and became our slaves.

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11

Safiyyeh, Jasir Abu. "Ikhbāt in the Qur'an: A Semantic Study." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 1, no. 1 (April 1999): 238–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.1999.1.1.238.

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This article aims to explore the meaning and Qur'anic usage of the term ikhbāt and its cognates. Lexicographers have examined this word in some detail, and have arrived at definitions which we shall look at in the context of the Qur'an. Its status as technical term in the lexicon of Sufi practice is also taken into consideration. To arrive at a contextually appropriate definition of the word ikhbāt, we need to appreciate how it is used in the Qur'an in conjunction with a number of other terms. These terms display varying degrees of synonymy to ikhbāt, and this is brought out by the definitions traditionally given by Arabic philologists, which we suggest are rendered in English as follows; taqwā: Piety / Godliness wajal: Awe / a perceived fear of God khawf: Fear rajā': Hope combined with a sense of anxiety and fear ishfāq: Solicitude / apprehension Accordingly, the mukhbitūn are those who are humble before God; whose hearts are filled with awe when His name is mentioned, those who endure patiently and whose behaviour evinces taqwā.

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12

Barr, Beth Allison. "“sche hungryd ryth sor aftyr Goddys word”: Female Piety and the Legacy of the Pastoral Programme in the Late Medieval English Sermons of Bodleian Library MS Greaves 54." Journal of Religious History 39, no. 1 (August 12, 2014): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12140.

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13

Jordan, Matthew Carey. "LIBERAL AND CONSERVATIVE VIEWS OF MARRIAGE." Think 12, no. 34 (2013): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175613000067.

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This essay is about liberal and conservative views of marriage. I'll begin by mentioning that I would really, really like to avoid use of the terms ‘liberal’ and ‘conservative’, but when push comes to shove, I know of no better labels for the positions that will be discussed in what follows. I would like to avoid these labels for a simple reason: many people strongly self-identify as liberals or as conservatives, and this can undermine our ability to investigate the topic in a sane, rational way. Politics, at least in the contemporary English-speaking world, functions a lot like the world of sports. Many people have a particular team to which their allegiance has been pledged, and the team's successes and failures on the field are shared in the hearts and minds of its loyal followers. In my own case – and here, I ask for your pity – I am a fan of the National Football League's Cleveland Browns. As much as I might wish things were otherwise, I rejoice in the Browns' (rare) triumphs and suffer when they lose (which happens frequently). I do not wait to see what happens in the game before I decide which team to cheer for; if it's an NFL game, and I see orange and brown, I know where my allegiance lies. Furthermore, I identify with my fellow Browns fans in a way that I cannot identify with followers of, say, the Pittsburgh Steelers. Clevelanders are my people. We share something, and what we share unites us in opposition to Steeler Nation. Their victories are our defeats. It is a zero-sum game: for one of us to win, the other must lose.

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14

Koshkareva, N. B. "Basic Color Terms in Khanty." Critique and Semiotics 38, no. 2 (2020): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-152-166.

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The Khanty language contains the minimum number of words ‒ color terms. For “black”, the word “pity” is used, presumably related to the single root “pătlam” “dark”, for “white” ‒ the word “nŏvi”, meaning also “light”, “moon”, for “red” ‒ the word “wŭrty” (from “wŭr” ‘blood’). One word “wŏsty” is used for the undifferentiated designation of shades of the yellow- green-blue spectrum. Currently, the differentiation of color terms is achieved by using phrases with the base word, which is a comparison standard (“blue as the sky”, “green as the grass”, etc.).

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15

Ghesquière, Lobke, and Faye Troughton. "What a Change! A Diachronic Study of Exclamative What Constructions." Journal of English Linguistics 49, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424220986612.

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Exclamative constructions fronted by what are generally agreed to be one of the prototypical realizations of the English exclamative clause type. This paper argues that what acts as a degree modifier in these constructions and aims to investigate how what came to be an introductory degree marker of English exclamatives. It examines the diachronic relation between full exclamative what constructions ( What a pity it is!) and verbless exclamative constructions ( What a pity!), which are usually assumed to be the result of ellipsis. In addition, this paper comments on what’s role as a degree modifier and a marker of subjectivity and mirativity.

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Ladd, D. Robert, and Erik Fudge. "English Word-Stress." Language 62, no. 1 (March 1986): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415608.

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Covington, Michael A., and Richard Hudson. "English Word Grammar." Language 71, no. 3 (September 1995): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416228.

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Kastovsky, Dieter. "English word-formation." System 14, no. 3 (January 1986): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(86)90032-1.

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Garman, Michael, and Richard Hudson. "English Word Grammar." Modern Language Review 88, no. 1 (January 1993): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3730805.

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20

HU, PETER. "Adapting English into Chinese." English Today 20, no. 2 (March 29, 2004): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078404002068.

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WHY IS English a global language? Although the reasons are manifold – historical, geographical, economic, political, social, cultural – the key reason, it seems to me, is linguistic: its morphology is simple, many of its words are short and pithy, and among the key world languages it has the largest vocabulary. These features have helped it become the most widely used language in the world: a situation that makes Uncle French and Grandpa German envious. English has been open-minded since childhood. In the long process of exchange, English words lost most of their inflections and words of different origins were mixed together (Burchfield 1984:13). Unlike traditional German and French, English has been open to foreign penetration and never drives new words out. It is this openness that continually enriches the language. Chinese also likes to borrow from other languages. Old Chinese borrowed 35,000 words from Buddhism, and Modern Chinese has absorbed countless words from Western civilizations. This paper inquires into the mutual borrowing between English and Chinese, summarizes the techniques of borrowing words from English into Chinese, and asserts that semantic transliteration is the best approach to adopting foreign words.

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Kreidler, Charles W., Ivan Poldauf, and W. R. Lee. "English Word Stress: A Theory of Word-Stress Patterns in English." Language 63, no. 1 (March 1987): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415394.

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Schane, Sanford. "Understanding English word accentuation." Language Sciences 29, no. 2-3 (March 2007): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2006.12.014.

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23

Robson, Mark. "In the Bitter Letter (A Rendition of Othello)." Oxford Literary Review 34, no. 1 (July 2012): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/olr.2012.0031.

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Through a series of ‘rents’, this article reads the interplay between Shakespeare's Othello and various senses of rendition. The strange relations of theatricality, desire, violence and the unknown that the play stages are read in the light of Jacques Derrida's thinking on strangers, inhabitation, pity and blindness. In offering a rendition of Othello, much hinges on the politics of the word ‘in’.

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Apresjan, V. Ju. "'Fear' and 'Pity' in Russian and English from a lexicographic perspective." International Journal of Lexicography 10, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/10.2.85.

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25

Hodkinson, Alan, and Chandrika Devarakonda. "For Pity's Sake." International Review of Qualitative Research 4, no. 2 (August 2011): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2011.4.2.253.

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This paper offers a critique of transnational aspects of ‘inclusion,’ one of those global education buzzwords that as Slee (2009) puts it, say everything but say nothing. It starts off by trying to compare Indian and English usages and attitudes at the level of teacher discourse, and notes the impossibility of any ‘authentic’ translation, given the very different cultural contexts and histories. In response to these divergences, the authors undertake a much more genealogical and ‘forensic’ examination of values associated with ‘inclusion,’ focussing especially on a key notion of ‘pity.’ The Eurocentric tradition is traced from its Platonic origins through what is claimed to be the ‘industrialization of pity’ and its rejection as a virtue in favour of more apparently egalitarian measures of fairness. The Indian tradition relates rather to religious traditions across a number of different belief systems, most of which centre on some version of a karmic notion of pity. The authors both criticise and reject ‘inclusion’ as a colonisation of the global and call for a new understanding of notions like ‘pity’ as affective commitment rather than ‘fair’ dispensation of equality.

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DAVIDSON, Denise, Sandra B. VANEGAS, Elizabeth HILVERT, Vanessa R. RAINEY, and Ieva MISIUNAITE. "Examination of monolingual (English) and bilingual (English/Spanish; English/Urdu) children's syntactic awareness." Journal of Child Language 46, no. 04 (March 14, 2019): 682–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000059.

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AbstractIn this study, monolingual (English) and bilingual (English/Spanish, English/Urdu) five- and six-year-old children completed a grammaticality judgment test in order to assess their awareness of the grammaticality of two types of syntactic constructions in English: word order and gender representation. All children were better at detecting grammatically correct and incorrect word order constructions than gender constructions, regardless of language group. In fact, bilingualism per se did not impact the results as much as receptive vocabulary range. For example, children with the highest receptive vocabulary scores were more accurate in detecting incorrect word order constructions (i.e., word order violations, semantic anomalies) and incorrect gender agreement than children in the lower receptive vocabulary ranges. However, no differences were found between the ranges for ambiguous gender constructions. These results highlight the importance of receptive vocabulary ability on syntactic awareness performance, regardless of language group.

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Callies, Marcus. "Word-Formation in English (review)." Language 82, no. 1 (2006): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0013.

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ATOYE, RAPHAEL O. "Word stress in Nigerian English." World Englishes 10, no. 1 (March 1991): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.1991.tb00132.x.

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Kolb, David. "Exposing an English Speculative Word." Owl of Minerva 31, no. 2 (2000): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/owl20003123.

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Baumgardner, Robert J. "Word-Formation In Pakistani English." English World-Wide 19, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 205–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.19.2.04bau.

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The article discusses patterns of word-formation which are specifically characteristic of Pakistani English, providing ample documentation from a variety of indigenous sources. In particular, attention is paid to compounding, affixation, conversion, back-formation, clipping, abbreviation/acronyms, and blends. Also, results of an acceptability test of select word-formations are reported.

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Stanley, E. G. "Middle English Word Studies. A Word and Author Index." Notes and Queries 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/500225.

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Stanley, E. G. "Middle English Word Studies. A Word and Author Index." Notes and Queries 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/50.2.225.

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Ebbatson, R. "Norman Page, Thomas Hardy: The Novels; Shanta Dutta, Ambivalence in Hardy; John Hughes, 'Ecstatic Sound': Music and Individuality in the Work of Thomas Hardy; Ralph Pite, Hardy's Geography." English 52, no. 203 (June 1, 2003): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/52.203.198.

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Williams, J. E. D. "Presidential Address: Navigation in Aerial Commerce." Journal of Navigation 39, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300014181.

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Whatever the word ‘navigation’ is taken to mean, it must, etymologically, be something one does to a ship. What a pity that the name ‘airship’ was given so early in the evolution of aviation to its dinosaurs! The modern airliner is truly a ship of the air. There was a move, half a century ago, to coin the word ‘avigation’ but, apart from the obvious retort that, if ‘navigation’ is of ships, ‘avigation’ is strictly for the birds, the term ‘air navigation’ had already been established by the International Convention on Air Navigation and the Air Navigation Acts by which Parliament legislates on aviation in general and its commercial application in particular.

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Du, Chunyang. "PERIPHRASIS IN A POETIC TEXT ABOUT THE MOON: W. STEVENS “LUNAR PARAPHRASE”." Neophilology, no. 16 (2018): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2018-4-16-26-31.

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Based on the material of the poetic text of the poem by Wallace Stevens “Lunar Paraphrase” we establish that the periphrasis has a nominative character, has the replacing function, replacing the word “moon”, has metaphorical in relation to the replaced word, a descriptive and allegorical character, a unique individual author's metaphoricity. We prove that the peripheral education formation is provided by the cognitive abilities of a person, among which are such as the choice of the object of observation, sensory perception, attention, proper mental operations. There is a process of profiling, as a result of which focuses the attention of a person on a certain conceptual feature, highlighting a specific area and forming a paremic education. The appearance of periphrasis closely linked to a reflection on our perception of reality in language, which is governed by the cognitive and linguistic mechanisms. Periphrasis “mother of pity and pathos”, “mother of pathos and compassion”, “mother of sorrow and compassion”, “mother of pity and sadness” reflect the principle of variability in the interpretation of the MOON by different statements, which, of course, reflect the text subjective perception by the translator. The phenomenon of periphrasis in the Russian language determines the semantic and formal structure of the descriptive structure. It is assumed that we can talk about the coexistence of individual author’s peripherals.

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Palmer, Peter. "Ludlow: Songs of Eternity and Sorrow (English Song Weekend)." Tempo 58, no. 230 (October 2004): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298204270310.

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Last year I was offered for review a recording of a live song recital promoted jointly by the British Music Information Centre and the English Poetry and Song Society. Its attractions included a cameo appearance by tenor Ian Partridge and an important first recording of Ivor Gurney's Lights Out cycle, in the order proposed by Richard Carder. After hearing the disc, however, I thought it kinder to several of the other performers not to publish an opinion. What a pity, it seemed, that the organizers had failed to draw upon those strikingly fresh and technically secure voices that have recently emerged from our music colleges.

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Wilson, J. Christian. "The Problem of the Domitianic Date of Revelation." New Testament Studies 39, no. 4 (October 1993): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500011978.

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In the latter half of the nineteenth century no New Testament scholar in the English speaking world was more respected than J. B. Lightfoot. His New Testament commentaries and his magisterial five volume work on the Apostolic Fathers were models of the scholarly thoroughness of British erudition coupled with the humility of Anglican piety. Their influence would reach well into the twentieth century.

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I.P., Polonskaya. "AFFIXLESS WORD FORMATION IN MODERN ENGLISH." South archive (philological sciences), no. 82 (September 4, 2020): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2020-82-16.

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Stolbovskaya, Margarita Anatol'evna. "MULTICOMPONENT WORD COMBINATIONS IN AVIATION ENGLISH." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 12-2 (December 2018): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2018-12-2.41.

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Ingram, John. "Vietnamese Acquisition of English Word Stress." TESOL Quarterly 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3588314.

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Stopar, Andrej. "Testing and Assessing English Word-Formation." Romanian Journal of English Studies 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjes-2014-0033.

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Abstract The paper discusses the testing/assessment of word-formation skills in thresholdlevel (B1) learners. To determine the suitability and use of productive gap-fill exercises at this level, an example of a word-formation exercise is addressed from the following perspectives: word frequency (corpus data), morphological complexity (morpheme types and wordformation processes), syntactic environments (typical sentence and/or phrase patterns), analysis of statistical data (facility values) and test-takers’ errors. The text also addresses some implications of the findings for the instruction of lexis.

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Cannon, Garland, and Guy Bailey. "Back-Formations in English Word-Formation." Meta: Journal des traducteurs 31, no. 4 (1986): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002197ar.

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HUDSON, RICHARD A. "English dialect syntax in Word Grammar." English Language and Linguistics 11, no. 2 (July 2007): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674307002298.

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The article focuses on inherent variability in syntax and the challenge that it presents for theories of language structure, using illustrative data from the Scottish town of Buckie (Smith, 2000). Inherent variability challenges a linguistic theory at three levels of theoretical adequacy: structural (Does the theory distinguish the relevant structures?), contextual (Does it allow structures to be related directly to their social context?), and behavioural (Does it allow an explanation for the observed frequencies?). The article summarizes the relevant claims of Word Grammar and shows (1) that it has at least as much structural adequacy as any other theory, (2) that it has more contextual adequacy than other theories because it formalizes the theory of Acts of Identity, and (3) that it at least provides a theoretical foundation for future advances towards behavioural adequacy. The article also argues against the minimalist analysis of the was/were alternation in Buckie (Adger, 2006).

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BAMMESBERGER, ALFRED. "AN OLD ENGLISH WORD FOR ‘BUTTER’." Notes and Queries 45, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/45.4.414.

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Baker, Rachel E., Melissa Baese-Berk, Laurent Bonnasse-Gahot, Midam Kim, Kristin J. Van Engen, and Ann R. Bradlow. "Word durations in non-native English." Journal of Phonetics 39, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2010.10.006.

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McCARREN. "MIDDLE ENGLISH "FEMINAL" - A GHOST WORD." Medium Ævum 58, no. 1 (1989): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/43632516.

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Dupont, Maïté. "Word order in English and French." English Text Construction 8, no. 1 (July 10, 2015): 88–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.8.1.04dup.

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Drawing upon the theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper compares the word order patterns of English and French adverbial connectors of contrast in a comparable bilingual corpus of quality newspaper editorials. The study shows that the two languages offer the same possibilities in terms of connector positioning but differ markedly in the preferred patterns that they display. In both languages, connector placement proves to be influenced by three main types of factors: language-specific syntactic, rhetorical and lexical factors. The notion of Rheme, which tends to be under-researched in the literature in comparison to that of Theme, plays a key role in the analysis.

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Ladd, D. Robert. "English word-stress By Erik Fudge." Language 62, no. 1 (1986): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1986.0025.

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VIGLIOCCO, GABRIELLA, YE ZHANG, NICOLA DEL MASCHIO, ROSANNA TODD, and JYRKI TUOMAINEN. "Electrophysiological signatures of English onomatopoeia." Language and Cognition 12, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2019.38.

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abstractOnomatopoeia is widespread across the world’s languages. They represent a relatively simple iconic mapping: the phonological/phonetic properties of the word evokes acoustic related features of referents. Here, we explore the EEG correlates of processing onomatopoeia in English. Participants were presented with a written cue-word (e.g., leash) and then with a spoken target-word. The target-word was either an onomatopoeia (e.g., bark), a sound-related but arbitrary word (e.g., melody), or another arbitrary word (e.g., bike). Participants judged whether the cue- and the target-word were similar in meaning. We analysed Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) in different time-windows: (i) early (100–200 and 200–250 ms) to assess differences in processing at the form-level; (ii) the N400 time-window (300–500 ms) in order to establish if there are differences in semantic processing across our word-types; and (iii) late (600–900 ms) to assess post-lexical effects. We found that onomatopoeia differed from the other words in the N400 time-window: when cue and target were unrelated, onomatopoeic words led to greater negativity which can be accounted for in terms of enhanced semantic activation of onomatopoeia which leads to greater salience of the mismatch. We discuss results in the context of a growing body of literature investigating iconicity in language processing and development.

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Zhou, Qian, Yonghong Li, and Lei Guo. "An Acoustic Study of English Word Stress of Amdo English Learners." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1001.17.

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This paper analyses the mastery of English word stress of China’s Tibetan Amdo English learners, by means of acoustic phonetics. According to the “Negative Transfer” theory, as the mother language of Amdo doesn’t have word stress, this will put negative influence to the learning of English stress and their pronunciation of it will be poor. However, the result of this study shows that these learners’ grasp of English word stress is better than prediction, with an overall accuracy of 70% percent. Among the findings, two noticeable research result was discovered, which are the Amdo speakers’ pronunciation of English words with stress on the first syllable (for words with multi-syllables), compound words with stress on the first word are quite problematic, and these speakers has no awareness of “stress shift”. These findings are very helpful to Amdo English learners and their eachers and could be further used in pedagogy designs.

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