Relevant bibliographies by topics / Placenta; Pregnancy

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Placenta; Pregnancy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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Mehare, Tsegaye, and Daniel Kebede. "Fetoplacental Weight Relationship in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complicated by Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Abruption of Placenta among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Southern Ethiopia, 2018." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2020 (January 27, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6839416.

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Introduction. Placenta is a complex multifunctional organ that maintains pregnancy and promotes normal fetal development. The fetal outcome is adversely influenced by pathological changes in the placenta because it is a mirror that reflects the intrauterine status of the fetus. Placental abnormalities are considered a leading cause of maternal and prenatal mortality. This study aimed to assess the fetoplacental weight relationship in pregnancy-induced hypertension and abruption placenta and compare with the normal one. Objective. This study designed to assess fetoplacental weight relationships
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Dhawle, Manjusha S., Ashwini R. Tangde, Bhagyashree P. Mundhe, Santosh G. Rathod, and Rajan S. Bindu. "Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Cancer Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 7 (2017): 3214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173015.

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Background: The intrauterine existence of fetus is dependent on one vital organ 'the placenta’. The placenta reflects the status of maternal hypertension as it is the mirror of maternal and fetal health. The hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% of all pregnancies and form a dangerous triad with haemorrhage and infection that contributes greatly to maternal morbidity and mortality. The fetus is dependent on placenta for growth and development. Many disorders of pregnancy like hypertension are accompanied by gross and histological changes in placenta. Aim of the study was to study the various
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Khan, A. T., and K. S. Stewart. "Ultrasound Placental Localisation in Early Pregnancy." Scottish Medical Journal 32, no. 1 (1987): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308703200109.

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A retrospective study of 400 consecutive case records was made to establish the clinical significance of the low lying placenta found on ultrasound. Diagnostic accuracy is discussed. 30% of the patients had a low lying placenta on early scan. Of these, 73% had a follow up scan. There was a progressive drop in the incidence of low lying placentae through pregancy until at term, in this study, there was no placenta previa. It is considered that a repeat scan is necessary to exclude placenta previa, but not until 34 weeks gestation. Amongst the patients with early low lying placentae the incidenc
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Begum, Mahamuda, Shamim Ara, Shahnaz Begum, et al. "Big placenta and anaemia in pregnancy." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 1, no. 2 (2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12161.

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Background: Birthing process is the journey of the spirit/ soul. The Placenta is the home for this spirit/ soul for nine months. Placenta has a huge role to play throughout the pregnancy acting as the kidneys, lungs and intestines all in one1. Placenta is an organ that is essential to the survival and growth of the fetus of the mammals. Anaemia in pregnancy is common and one of the risk factors in pregnancy. Maternal anaemia result in fetal hypoxemia and also stimulates placental growth. In anaemia, significant changes both in gross morphology and in histology of the placenta can occur. Type o
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Waszak, Małgorzata, Krystyna Cieślik, Joanna Kempiak, Grzegorz Bręborowicz, and Janusz Gadzinowski. "Relationship between type and weight of placenta and neonate birth weight in twin pregnancy." Anthropological Review 76, no. 2 (2013): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0017.

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Abstract The relationship between the type and size of placenta and the development of twin fetuses is still discussed in perinatology. The objective of this paper is to answer the question whether the final weight and size of placenta is a limiting factor for fetal growth in twin pregnancy. The study material consisted of 1,261 pairs of fetuses from monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) twin pregnancies, born by cesarean section between pregnancy weeks 22 and 41 at the Perinatology and Gynecology Department of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences between 2003 and 2009. Histological exa
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GOSWAMI, PUSHPA, SAMREEN MEMON, MUHAMMAD ASLAM CHANNA, and Hemlata Rathi. "EXCESSIVE CALCIFICATION OF PLACENTA;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 05 (2013): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.05.1452.

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Objective: To examine the morphological change due to excessive calcification of placenta of pregnancies complicated bypregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and placental Abruption and its relation with fetal outcome. Study design: Case control type ofstudy. Place and duration: This study was conducted from June 2008 to July 2009 at the department of Anatomy of Liaquat University ofMedical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty placentae were collected from labor room andgynecology operation theatre of Liaquat University Hospital. Forty placentae from parturien
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Khajuria, Ruchi, and Megha Sharma. "Histopathology of placenta in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (2019): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190943.

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Background: Birth of healthy term baby depends on normal placenta. IUGR is a condition associated with placental insufficiency. There is a close relationship between IUGR and placental qualitative changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological and histological changes in placentas of IUGR fetuses and in placentas of normal uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine the relationship that exists between morphological change and frequency of IUGR.Methods: In a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, GMC Jammu, a total of 60 placenta were received,
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Sosnina, Aleksandra K., Tatyana G. Tral, and Julia S. Krylova. "Functional morphology of the placental villous tree at term singleton pregnancies, achieved by methods of assisted reproductive technology." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 65, no. 3 (2016): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd65343-51.

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Introduction. Of special interest in the use of assisted reproductive technology techniques (ART) is the placenta as the main authority responsible for the formation and growth of the fetus. Purpose and objectives. The aim of our research is to study the morpho-functional state of placenta after pregnancy achieved by means of ART. Research objectives: histological and immunohistochemical study using the CD34, NOS-3 and HIF in these placentas. Methods. Total 98 placentas from full-term singleton pregnancies with gestational age were examined. Two study groups were formed: a basic group - the pl
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Wang, Joyce, Qing Qiu, Maliha Haider, Michael Bell, Andrée Gruslin, and Julian K. Christians. "Expression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 during pregnancy in human and mouse." Journal of Endocrinology 202, no. 3 (2009): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0136.

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Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and -A2 (PAPPA and PAPPA2) are proteases that cleave IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and thereby increase the bioavailability of growth factors. PAPPA has long been recognized as a marker of fetal genetic disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, although PAPPA2 is also highly expressed in human placenta, its physiological importance is not clear. To establish whether mice will be a useful model for the study of PAPPA2, we compared the patterns of expression of PAPPA2 in the placentae of mouse and human. We show, for the first time, that Pappa2
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Rizwan Ali Talpur, Samia Siddiqui, Sehar Khowaja, Naila Noor, Muhammad Saqib Baloch, and Mansoor Mukhtar Qazi. "Histomorphometric Variations of the Placenta in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancies." Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College 9, no. 4 (2020): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v9i4.540.

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Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a leading cause of deleterious changes in the placenta resulting in decreased blood supply towards the placenta. The objective of the current study was to analyze the histo-morphometric variations in the placenta of women with or without known pregnancy-induced hypertension.
 Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynecology and obstetrics section of Nazeer Hussain Medical Complex, Hyderabad in collaboration with Isra University, Hyderabad from March 2019 to August 2019. A total of 100 placentae were selected and divided into tw
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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Rankin, Jonathan. "Exploring the Effect of Maternal Physical Activity and Placental Region on Mitochondrial Protein Content and Function in the Placenta." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39339.

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The placenta is responsible for mediating fetal growth and development, thereby influencing health across the lifespan. Physical activity (PA) confers benefits to mother and baby during pregnancy, but little is known about its impact on the placenta. There were two purposes of this study: i) to determine if maternal PA during pregnancy influences placenta mitochondrial protein content and function, and ii) to determine if there were differences in placenta mitochondrial protein content and function in different regions of the placenta, namely proximal or distal to the centre of the placenta. H
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Chaudhry, Shazia Hira. "The Association of Homocysteine with Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39425.

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Background: Preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), placental abruption, and fetal death are pregnancy complications linked to the utero-placental vasculature with serious consequences for maternal and infant well-being. Elevated homocysteine, a marker of cardiovascular disease risk, is postulated to play a role in placenta-mediated complications, but epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent findings. The two primary objectives of this thesis were to 1: comprehensively investigate the association of homocysteine with placenta-mediated complications and examine modifying effects
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Albers, Renee Elizabeth. "Glycolytic Metabolism and Pregnancy Parameters in the Murine Placenta." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1513781057460423.

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Von, Dadelszen Peter. "Activation of maternal leukocytes in pre-eclampsia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341959.

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Vailes, McCauley T. "Post-Transfer Outcomes in Cultured Bovine Embryos Supplemented with Epidermal Growth Factor, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86273.

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The high incidence of pregnancy loss is a major issue facing the cattle industry. Use of in vitro fertilized (IVF) bovine embryos has become increasingly popular to help alleviate several of these reproductive issues and provide a means to enhance genetic gain for production traits. An uterine paracrine factor cocktail containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) (collectively termed EFI) was recently identified as a means for improving in vitro derived bovine embryo development and trophectoderm cell numbers. The objectiv
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Ajne, Gunilla. "Endothelin and the regulation of peripheral and uteroplacental vascular tone during pregnancy /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-144-X/.

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Braga, Neto Antônio Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Influência do índice apoptótico e da imuno-expressão da survivina no prognóstico de pacientes com mola hidatiforme completa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106370.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 braganeto_ar_dr_botfm.pdf: 558985 bytes, checksum: 2d6e135d455babda4cdff06b19ed7964 (MD5)<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)<br>Avaliar a influência do índice apoptótico e da imuno-expressão da survivina em tecido molar no prognóstico e tratamento de pacientes com mola hidatiforme completa (MHC). Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, incluindo 78 pacientes com MHC diagnosticadas, tratadas e acompanhadas no Centr
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Ambrósio, Carlos Eduardo. "A barreira placentária em cães (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758): fluxo sanguíneo materno-fetal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-21012005-111150/.

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Este estudo define a inter-relação microvascular materno-fetal e o desenvolvimento dos hematomas placentários durante diferentes períodos gestacionais em cães SRD. Placentas de 20, 35, 45 e 55 dias da prenhez foram perfundidas e fixadas para a investigação histológica e confecção de moldes vasculares, injetados com Mercox, e submetidos a corrosão para análise ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os componentes fetais da placenta endoteliocorial e zonária anular do cão são irrigadas por dois ramos arteriais do cordão umbilical, um endereçado à cinta placentária, e outro ao hematoma margin
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Wright, Caroline. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) biomarkers of placental structure and function in normal and growth restricted pregnancy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-biomarkers-of-placental-structure-and-function-in-normal-and-growth-restricted-pregnancy(288b4214-b346-4a31-8bdd-1d4afaf65178).html.

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Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a serious complication of human pregnancy where the fetus fails to reach its genetically pre-determined growth potential. It is a common condition, affecting 5 -15% of all pregnancies (Gardosi 2009) and is linked to a third of all antepartum deaths (CEMACH 2008). An ongoing problem for obstetricians is the difficulty in diagnosing and predicting FGR and those at highest risk of poor outcomes. Placental insufficiency is a major cause of FGR and specific abnormalities in placental morphology and function occur in this condition; constituting an abnormal FGR plac
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Chucri, Thaís Martins. "Imunofenotipagem de leucócitos da placenta bovina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-10082010-180933/.

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Linfócitos e macrófagos são os principais tipos de leucócitos envolvidos no processo de tolerância materno-fetal. Os linfócitos são divididos em sub-populações de acordo com sua função e fenótipo, apesar de serem morfologicamente semelhantes. Seus tipos incluem os linfócitos T, linfócitos B e natural killers (NK). Macrófagos são células que derivam da migração dos monócitos sangüíneos para o tecido. Na placenta, os macrófagos desempenham um papel importante na regulação da apoptose, prejudicial para o desenvolvimento do embrião, e no processo de apresentação antigênica. Pouco se sabe sobre ess
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Books on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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P, Bischof, and Klopper Arnold, eds. Proteins of the placenta: Biochemistry, biology, and clinical application. Karger, 1985.

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International Conference on Placenta (1990 Tokyo, Japan). Placenta: Basic research for clinical application. Edited by Soma H. Karger, 1991.

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Lantbruksuniversitet, Sveriges, ed. Studies of the endometrium and placenta during early pregnancy in the pig: Morphology, growth factors and steroid receptors. Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1996.

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Pulkkinen, Pekka. Smoking and pregnancy: With a special reference to fetal growth and certain trace element distribution between mother, placenta, and fetus. University of Tampere, 1989.

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Color atlas of obstetric and gynecologic pathology. Mosby, 1997.

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Matsuto, Mochizuki, and Hussa Robert O, eds. Placental protein hormones: Proceedings of the Satellite Symposium on Placental Protein Hormones, Kobe, Japan, 14-15 July 1988. Excerpta Medica, 1988.

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N, Fitch, and Paradice B. A, eds. Pathology of the human embryo and previable fetus: An atlas. Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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International Congress on Placental and Endometrial Proteins (6th 1987 Nagoya-shi, Japan). Placental and endometrial proteins: Basic and clinical aspects : proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Placental and Endometrial Proteins, Nagoya, Japan, 13 December 1987. VSP, 1988.

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Immunology of pregnancy and cancer. Nova Science Publishers, 1993.

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Mothers, babies, and health in later life. 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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Slator, Paddy J., Alison Ho, Spyros Bakalis, et al. "Anisotropy in the Human Placenta in Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction." In Mathematics and Visualization. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56215-1_13.

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AbstractThe placenta has a unique structure, which enables the transfer of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the developing fetus. Abnormalities in placental structure are associated with major complications of pregnancy; for instance, changes in the complex branching structures of fetal villous trees are associated with fetal growth restriction. Diffusion MRI has the potential to measure such fine placental microstructural details. Here, we present in-vivo placental diffusion MRI scans from controls and pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. We find that after 30 weeks’ gestation fractional anisotropy is significantly higher in placentas associated with growth restricted pregnancies. This shows the potential of diffusion MRI derived measures of anisotropy for assessing placental function during pregnancy.
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Oyelese, Yinka, and Joseph C. Canterino. "Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta." In Bleeding During Pregnancy. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9810-1_8.

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Hunt, Joan S., and Margaret G. Petroff. "Immunologic Aspects of Pregnancy." In The Placenta. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444393927.ch4.

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Oyelese, Yinka. "Placenta Previa and Related Placental Disorders." In Queenan's Management of High-Risk Pregnancy. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119963783.ch45.

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Benirschke, Kurt, and Peter Kaufmann. "Multiple Pregnancy." In Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4193-3_25.

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Benirschke, Kurt, and Peter Kaufmann. "Multiple Pregnancy." In Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4196-4_25.

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Benirschke, Kurt, and Peter Kaufmann. "Multiple Pregnancy." In Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4199-5_25.

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Severi, Filiberto M., Caterina Bocchi, Silvia Vannuccini, and Felice Petraglia. "Placenta Previa." In Management and Therapy of Late Pregnancy Complications. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48732-8_12.

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Wielgos, Miroslaw, Patrycja Jarmuzek, and Bronislawa Pietrzak. "Abruptio Placenta." In Management and Therapy of Late Pregnancy Complications. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48732-8_3.

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Baldwin, Virginia J. "The Placenta in Multiple Pregnancy." In Pathology of Multiple Pregnancy. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9514-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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Gorikov, Igor, and Irina Andrievskaya. "RELATIONSHIP OF IMMUNO-HISTOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE PLACEENTA IN EXACERBATION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRAL INFECTION IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9c510d54.83584889.

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The relationship between the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the placenta homogenate and its histometric parameters in women during physiological pregnancy and during pregnancy complicated by an exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection in the second trimester of gestation, leading to the development of chronic compensated placental insufficiency, was studied.
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Andrievskaya, Irina, A. Milovanov, Igor Gorikov, Inna Dovzhikova, and Nataliya Ishutina. "RELATIONSHIP OF INTERLEUKIN-6 AND BLOOD FLOW IN THE UMBILICAL ARTERY DURING EXCERVATION OF MONO- AND MIXT-CYTOMEGALOVIRAL INFECTION IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9c664388.47461710.

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In order to determine the role of a cytokine in the regulation of blood supply to the placenta, the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and blood flow in the umbilical artery in healthy pregnant women and during pregnancy complicated by exacerbation of mono- and mixed cytomegalovirus infection in the second trimester was studied
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Woo, Jin Hyuk, Insu Lee, Sun Min Kim, and Tae-Joon Jeon. "Recapitulation of Trophoblast Invasion During Pregnancy in a Physiological Hypoxia Induced Microfluidic Device." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5002.

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Abstract Trophoblast invasion and remodeling of uterine spiral artery is closely related to the healthy pregnancy and normal development of fetus. However, if the trophoblast invasion is inhibited and the spiral artery remodeling process is not sufficiently done, this promotes grave pregnancy diseases such as pre-eclampsia. In this research we focused on one of the major factors that affect trophoblast invasion, oxygen concentration. We designed a microfluidic device fabricated with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which can mimic the microenvironment of the placenta and control physiological oxyge
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Nguyen, Thien, Kosar Khaksari, Siddharth M. Khare, Roberto Romero, and Amir H. Gandjbakhche. "Oxygenation measurement of placenta tissue during pregnancy using near infrared spectroscopy." In Biophotonics in Exercise Science, Sports Medicine, Health Monitoring Technologies, and Wearables II, edited by Babak Shadgan and Amir H. Gandjbakhche. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2582790.

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Yadav, Sushma. "Unusual clinical presentation of chriocarcinoma in young patients – Neulological meatastasis." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685389.

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Introduction: Choriocarcinoma is a malignant trophoblastic tumor, usually of placenta and characterized by ‘early hematogenous spread’ to lungs. Choriocarcinoma of placenta is preceded by – H. Mole (50%), spontaneous abortion (20%), ectopic pregnancy (2%) and normal term pregnancy (20%-30%). It is chemosensitive tumor and even in metastatic lesion cure rate is 90%-95%. Most common site of metastasis is lung and vagina, vulva, kidney, liver, ovaries, brain and intestine. If tumor is not diagnosed and managed timely, because of its vascularity, it bleeds profusely leading to death. Cases: We enc
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Qadri, A., G. Papacleovoulou, LB Manna, et al. "G348(P) Ursodeoxycholic acid improves metabolic outcomes in the fetus, placenta and offspring of hypercholanemic pregnancy." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.297.

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"Gestational choriocarcinoma after term pregnancy: A case report." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685341.

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Choriocarcinoma coexisting with or after a “normal” pregnancy has an incidence of one per 1,60,000 pregnancies. In case of choriocarcinoma after term pregnancy, early diagnosis by histopathological examination of the placenta is very important, the precocity of the diagnosis influencing the prognosis and tumor response to chemotherapy. In, this paper we report the case of a 28-year-old woman parity 2 with metastatic choriocarcinoma after term pregnancy, diagnosed at four months after the delivery of a healthy baby. An episode of abundant vaginal bleeding occurred after four months from deliver
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Lecander, I., and B. Åstedt. "OCCURRENCE OF PAI-2 IN MEN AND NON-PREGNANT WOMEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644458.

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PAI-2 is a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor most likely produced in the trophoblasts of placenta but presumably also in certain macrophages. It occurs in two molecular froms of 48 and 60 kDa. From placenta homogenates mainly the LMW-form can be isolated. During pregnancy mainly the HMW-form increases in the blood and disappears after delivery.We examined blood samples from 120 male blood donors (females excluded to avoid unknown pregnancies) and 20 staff members, 4 males and 16 females for the presence of PAI-2.PAI-2 antigen levels were measured with a sandwich ELISA using a polyclonal
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Kirch-heimer, J. C., H. Kölbl, G. Christ, and G. Tatra. "CHANGES IN FIBRINOLYTIC PARAMETERS AFTER DELIVERY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644843.

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Abstract:
Recent studies by Astedt et al. have shown increasing levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor during pregnancy, but the origin of the inhibitor is unknown. Levels of fibrinolytic parameters were determined in plasma collected from 18 females (age 22.7 ± 3.2, mean ± SD) after a normal medically controlled pregnancy at the time of delivery and on the following 5 days. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen was measured by enzyme immunoassay, urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) antigen by a radioimmunoassay and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI ) by a functional assay. The re
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10

Booth, N. A., A. Reith, and B. Bennett. "A PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR (PAI-2) CIRCULATES IN TWO HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT FORMS IN PREGNANCY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644459.

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Abstract:
Normal vascular endothelium and platelet α-granules contain an inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PAI-1) of about 48000 molecular weight, which is released by stimuli such as thrombin. An immunologically distinct inhibitor (PAI-2) of about 47000 molecular weight has been purified from placenta and from a histiocytic cell line U-937. The level of PA-inhibition in plasma is raised in late pregnancy and this may be due to increases in PAI-1 or in PAI-2 or in both.Using SDS-PAGE and zymography on fibrin/plasminogen /u-PA detector gels, we have found that normal plasma contains a band of inhibitio
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