Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plage sableuse'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 42 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Plage sableuse.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Camenen, Benoît. "Modélisation numérique du transport sédimentaire sur une plage sableuse." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10043.
Full textCampmas, Lucie. "Dynamique instantanée à décennale d'un système de plage sableuse soumis à des forçages extrêmes : île-barrière de Wan-Tzu-Liao, Taïwan." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS245/document.
Full textThis work focuses on a multi-scale analysis of a sand barrier morphodynamics exposed to paroxysmal forcings of monsoon, tropical storms, and typhoons. The study provided a large dataset of in-situ measures acquired in the framework of the KUNSHEN project. Seven months of field work (from November 2011 to January 2012 and from May to September 2012) provided a new, exhaustive and hight resolution measures. Measures of hydrodynamic conditions from offshore to the swash zone are acquired as well as high frequency topographic surveys of the emerged beach. Waves monitoring are from an offshore buoy, two current profilers in the shoreface (continuous measures at 2 Hz) and pressure sensors buried in the sub-aerial beach (continuous measures at 5 Hz). The topo-bathymetric surveys were acquired using D-GPS (centimetric resolution) one time a week during winter season of monsoon and just before and after each extreme storm during summer season of typhoons.Then, analysis focus in the morphodynamics of the swash zone and the emerged beach on a range of scales from instantaneous to one year. At the instantaneous scale, we analyze variations of the water surface fluctuation and sand bed elevation (seconds) during each phases (rising, apex and falling) of the Talim tropical storm (June 2012, Hs = 10.34 m and Ts = 14.6 s). Concerning the same storm, we characterize the morphologic changes of the whole emerged beach at the evenemential scale (days). Sand balances of each seasons are quantified in order to characterize the dynamics from seasonal scale (months) to annual scale of a sand barrier driven by two types of extreme forcings (monsoon/typhoons). On the beach-front, impact of groups of winter weak storms is compared to the impact of extremes tropical storms and typhoons. To conclude, we highlight 1) importance of in-situ measures in morphodynamic studies, 2) the major role of scales stacking and 3) the role of herited beach profile in the morphologic responses of the emerged beach driven by extremes forcings of wind and wave
Morellato, David. "Dynamique des plages sableuses soumises à l’action des vagues, de la marée et de rechargements artificiels." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2040.
Full textThe thesis studies the cross-shore hydrodynamic and hydro-sedimentary processes and related morphodynamics on dissipative sandy beaches, The selected method is based on the determinist numerical modelling which couples the hydrodynamic model FUNWAVE, based on the fully linear equations of Wei et al. , with two different sediment transport models and a module of morphological evolution. The first transport model, 1 DH, consists in including the method of calculation of near-bottom velocity proposed by Lynett and the sedimentary transport formula of Bailard. The second transport model, pseudo-2DV, is a series of vertical turbulence-closure models expressed in sigma-coordinated. The two versions are validated by experiments in laboratory (SmaIl Wave Tank in the fiat channel cf the LEGI in Grenoble and Delta Flume Large Wave Tank of Delft Hydraulics in The Netherlands) and in situ on the Pentrez beach in the bay of Douarnenez. The waves propagation and the vertical structure of velocities and suspended sediment concentrations are mainly well reproduced. The morphological evolution, like bar migration, is correctly reproduced. The 10H version, more stable and cheaper in computer time than the pseudo-2DV version, was applied to quantity the influence of the various parameters on morphology of plane beaches under the combined actions of waves and tide. Simulations fit with the descriptive model of Masselink and Short. This same 1 Dl version was applied to compute the behaviour of artificial nourishments. Preliminary, some practical recommendations are suggested
Caulet, Charles. "Les plages sableuses en environnement macro-tidal : de l'influence de la pente sur les processus morphodynamiques." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0079/document.
Full textThis PhD work is focused on the morphodynamic of a pocket beach, located in a macrotidal environment. The beach type is intermediate, with a low tide terrace. The study is based on in situ observations, collected during field campaigns organized during the PhD. The objective is to characterize the beach slope impact on hydrodynamics processes and beach morphology. The water levels dynamic, infragravity waves propagation and turbulence generation in the swash zone, are examined and linked to the beach slope variability.The empirical formulations proposed in the literature show large under-estimations of water levels in the site. Empirical formulations adapted to the beach are proposed.The characteristic break slope presents along the cross-shore profile of low tide terrace beaches is studied. The variability of the break slope location is relevant to explain the short term accommodation of the beach. Under incident wave energy, the location of the beach slope moves shoreward, allowing higher wave dissipation by the low tide terrace. Nevertheless, the reflective part is reduced, which leads to a vulnerable state of the upper beach under strong forcing associated with high tide. The location of the beach slope is found to be a good indicator of the beach vulnerability under a given wave forcing. It provides valuable information in the globalized beach erosion context
Morellato, David. "Dynamique des plages sableuses soumises à l'action des vagues, de la marée et des rechargements artificiels." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00380212.
Full textArnaud, Gaël. "Mesures locales des variations bachymétriques et des propriétés du sol en zone de surf." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3036.
Full textEvolution of sandy coastline results predominantly of sediment transport processes in the surf zone. Thus, monitoring sediment levels in this area is crucial both for understanding the mechanisms involved and for the supervision of marine structures. However monitoring this area can be tricky because of energy conditions and the global dynamic of this area. The thesis presented here was conducted in order to develop and implement a new measurement system based on an electrical method of bed level detection. The system is made of a ramp of electrodes mounted on a supporting pole that is buried in the sediment. The resistivity contrast between the sediment and the water is then used to differentiate both mediums. A theoretical study as been made in order to optimize the electrode configuration. Then numerical simulations and laboratory tests have been performed to confirm theoretical behavior of the measurement. The system was then submitted to real conditions testing during field experiment. Analysis of these data have provided informations on sediment level changes over several tidal cycles, presenting an original approach of the sediment water interface under dynamic conditions. Finally, the way of using resistivity measurements to assess the evolution of porosity in the first centimeters of sediment layer is analyzed, pointing out limitations and suggesting improvements of the instrument
Jaud, Marion. "Techniques d'observation et de mesure haute résolution des transferts sédimentaires dans la frange littorale." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650953.
Full textDubarbier, Benjamin. "Modélisation numérique de l'évolution des profils de plages sableuses dominées par l'action de la houle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0365/document.
Full textSandbars are ubiquitous patterns along wave-dominated sandy coastlines and are key elementsin the global evolution of beaches. Cross-shore sandbar migrations are the result of the permanentimbalance between sediment flux driven by wave non-linearity and mean return current. In this thesis,we developed a new process-based beach profile model integrating the recent scientific advancesin term of hydrodynamics and sediment transport developed for beach morphodynamics. The lowcomputing time allows for long-term morphodynamic simulations (O months/years) of natural beachprofiles of diverse characteristics (beach slope, sediment grain size or type of wave breaking). Modelvalidations on several data sets, encompassing natural and experimental beach profile evolutions,highlight the respective contribution of the main hydrodynamic and sediment transport processesinvolved in specific cross-shore sandbar evolution relative to various wave conditions. Finally, all thecross-shore physical processes were integrated in a 2DH morphodynamic model, resulting for the firsttime in the simulation of a quasi-complete down state sequence showing alongshore bar generationwith subsequent spontaneous formation of transverse bar and rip morphology. These very encouragingresults pave the way for using this model to simulate 3-Dimensional evolutions of natural beachesforced by irregular wave conditions
Oblinger, Arnaud. "Caractérisation morphodynamique des sites de Malo-les-Bains et de Calais Hoverport, Nord de la France : Spécificités de deux sites macrotidaux originaux du sud de la Mer du Nord." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0236.
Full textSeries of hydrodynamic and morphological readings have been carried out on the beaches of Malo-Les Bains and Calais Hoverport between 2004 and 2007. These readings have been backed up with monthly topometric surveys in order to understand the morphodynamic behaviour of two macrotidal beaches, which stand out in the area because of their relative stability despite an ever-rising sea level. Malo-Les Bains is heavily anthropised – it is set against a dam and is protected by a breakwater. The latter is responsible for ridges and runnels, which contrast with the rest of the area because of the smooth aspect of this morphology. Calais-Hoverport is a typical accreting beach. It has a vast sandy platform with convex ridges and runnels on the seaside and accreting dunes on the eastside. The hydrodynamic readings we carried out led to an analysis of swells and medium currents and how their behaviour was influenced by weather conditions. Like other local beaches, the prevailing easterly current may be forced to change to the opposite direction under certain weather conditions. However, we highlighted features that are specific to our two sites such as stronger currents and swelles behind the breakwater, especially with westerly currents, or, in the case of Calais-Hoverport, currents oscillating between West at the top and bottom of the tide and East the rest of the time. We have also tried to evaluate the theoretical speed of currents required to move sediments. Our calculations show that only longshore currents are able to generate such currents for a significant time. In Malo-Les Bains, these easterly currents, with a N to NW forcing might reach their maximal speed towards the W. The same forcing phenomenon occurs in Calais, where those currents can only head East. Various topometric readings enabled us to establish the morphological changes to the beach determined by the weather and swell. It appears that both the building up and destruction of ridges are linked to strong energy conditions
Faye, Ibrahima Birame Ndébane. "Dynamique du trait de côte sur les littoraux sableux de la Mauritanie à la Guinée-Bissau (Afrique de l’Ouest) : approches régionale et locale par photo-interprétation, traitement d’images et analyse de cartes anciennes." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES1001.
Full textThis PhD Thesis on shoreline changes in western African sandy coasts from Mauritania to Guinea Bissau is a contribution to the “Prospective review of the long-term coastal environment changes in western Africa”, scientific research component of the Regional Coastal and Marine Conservation Program for West Africa (PRCM). Its main objective was to highlight and measure erosion and accumulation processes occurred over several decades on the sandy shores from Mauritania to Guinea Bissau at regional and local scales. The comparison of the instantaneous waterline and the vegetation line positions extracted from multi temporal Landsat images by density slicing or classification with the ISODATA algorithms indicates a regional progradational trend of highly mobile coastal forms like sandy spits, small islands and beach barrier associated with the estuarine systems from Senegal to Guinea Bissau in spite of localized erosion cases. The local analysis focuses on four sites located along the Mauritanian and Senegalese shoreline (Nouakchott area, Ndiago - Saint-Louis, Bargny - Yene-sur-mer, Mbour - Pointe Sarène) and approximately stretching over 67km. It is primarily based on digital processing and interpretation of aerial images in a GIS. Thereby the study of the spatial and temporal evolution of the position of selected shoreline indicators (high water line or upper beach limit) reveals that 47km (70 %) of the studied coastline are eroding and only 20 km (30 %) are prograding
Faye, Ibrahima. "Dynamique du trait de côte sur les littoraux sableux de la Mauritanie à la Guinée-Bissau (Afrique de l'Ouest) : Approches régionale et locale par photo-interprétation, traitement d'images et analyse de cartes anciennes." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472200.
Full textBruneau, Nicolas. "Modélisation morphodynamique des plages sableuses." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13765/document.
Full textAlong many sandy environments as the Aquitanian Coast, waves and wave-induced currents play a key role on the beach morphodynamics. Within a socio-economic (human interventions, natural environment protection) and touristic (human safety) framework, understand the complex dynamics of these systems is a real scienti?c challenge these last decades. The development of an operational morphodynamical modeling platform was performed during this PhD thesis. The modeling strategy consists in coupling the spectral wave model SWAN (Delft Univer- sity of Technology) with the non-linear shallow water model MARS 2DH (Ifremer). The MARS model was initially designed to compute tide- and wind-induced currents. Thus, the wave processes and a sed- imentary unit were implemented inside MARS to compute morphological evolutions of wave-dominated sandy beached. The Biscarrosse-PréECORS ?eld experiment carried out in June 2007 at Biscarrosse Beach was used to validate our modeling platform for a large range of o?shore wave conditions. Results have proved the e?ciency and the robustness of our model to calculate wave-induced currents and circulations over alongshore non-uniformities. The strong tidal modulation of currents and the intense rip currents for low-energy conditions were highlighted. The morphodynamical modeling platform was also used to analyze the generation and the development of rhythmic three-dimensional morphologies for one- and double-barred systems. For double-barred en- vironments, the intense morphological coupling between the inner and outer bar was studied in the response of wave and tide forcing. We have highlighted the in?uence of the tide on the bar growth and showed the correlation between the growth and the wave dissipation over the bar. This thesis has succeeded in the development of a complete model for understanding the dynamics of sandy coastal environments
Quilfen, Victor. "Dynamique de plages sableuses enclavées à la pointe Bretagne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1146/document.
Full textIn this thesis, waves and neap-spring tide action on sandy embayed beaches constrained by rocky headlands is studied. A complementary approach combining numerical modeling and in situ measurements is used. Two deterministic model based on major physical processes (hydrodynamics, hydro-sedimentary and morphodynamics) present in the coastal zone and averaged over the water height (2DH) have been selected. XBeach (Roelvink et al., 2009) employs a finite difference scheme and incorporates some specific processes such as a roller, wave groups and the associated bound long wave and a undertow. TELEMAC (Hervouet, 2007) is a finite element scheme. Nearby sandy embayed beaches of La Palue and Lostmarc'h (Crozon Peninsula, Finistère) have been chosen for their complex bathymetry (rip channels, tombolo) and geometry (headlands, small island). One year of in situ measurements (topographical surveys, ADV velocimeters) between septembre 2014 and september 2015 has been undertaken, with different waves and tide climates.Firstly, the overall dynamics of embayed beaches built schematically in the form of a rectangular indentation has been caught. Especially, subtidal sandbar formation under the influence of waves, neap-spring tide and rocky headlands has been studied through several sets of numerical simulations.Secondly, hydrodynamic modelling on the embayed beaches of La Palue and Lostmarc'h has been made with the aim of study influence of waves characteristics (height, period and direction) and indentation's ones (headlands length, spacing between headlands, headlands inclination) on the prediction of currents. A simulation using finite element scheme (TELEMAC) has been achieved and compared to those using finite difference scheme (XBeach). XBeach currents predictions at two locations on the beaches of La Palue and Lostmarc'h over the period from the 21st January 2015 to the 23rd January 2015 have been compared to in situ measurements to validate the model. Whereupon, a numerical hydro-sedimentary simulation (using XBeach) over a full lunation from the 1st September 2015 to the 29th September 2015 has been undertaken on these two beaches, with the aim of study the intensity and direction of sediment flux (instantaneous and residual) for various waves and tide climates and for different morphological areas. This work has helped to highlight the dynamics features of embayed beaches compared to open beaches ones, such as headland sand bypassing, but also similarities. Moreover, XBeach morphodynamics predictions have been compared to in situ measurements for different model setup.Thirdly, after an in-depth statistical analysis of wave climates over a 7 year period offshore of La Palue and Lostmarc'h beaches, the morphodynamic impact of extreme storm waves (ten-yearly and fifty-yearly) combined to a sea level rise induced by climatic change on a cross-shore bottom profile south of La Palue has been estimated through a numerical study (using XBeach)
Brisson, Claire. "La couleur de la plage. Géographies de l’exclusion socio-raciale sur les sables de Rio de Janeiro." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL088.
Full textSet within in the field of social and critical geography, and adopting an inter-sectional perspective, this dissertation focuses on socio-racial marginalization and exclusion on the southern beaches of Rio de Janeiro. This marginalization phenomenon owes as much to the growing interest of developers and urban planners for prestige public spaces as it does to the concern of the local residents for their living environment, and their individual practices and appropriations that are further vectors of side-lining. Deconstructing the myth of democratic carioca beaches as a spatial embodiment of “racial democracy”, I will demonstrate how the imagination of legitimate bodies (“in place”) and the stereotypes of illegitimate bodies (“out of place”) are produced, in particular through extended securitarian media coverage that sanctions the idea of segregated beaches. Based on social, economical and racial division lines inherited from the colonial era that extend throughout the city, and particularly polarize its northern and southern areas, these stereotypes rely on the powerful imaginations these dividing lines fuel. They are the result of a spatial construct. Narrowing the study to that of young Black men from disadvantaged neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro, I finally seek to understand what appropriations are possible for those this stigma affects the most, and the meaning given to the places they occupy. Choosing an approach that focuses on individuals and everyday life, my research rests upon an ethnographic qualitative method which merges comprehensive interviews, direct observation and observant participation with the methodical experimentation of emotional mapping of those investigated
Dehouck, Aurélie. "Morphodynamique des plages sableuses de la mer d'Iroise (Finistère)." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109373.
Full textPar l'analyse statistique et volumétrique des séries de profils topographiques, la variabilité morpho-sédimentaire en zone intertidale et la dynamique des corps et figures sableuses est décrite à l'échelle événementielle, saisonnière et pluri-annuelle. Les résultats mettent en évidence une tendance actuelle au recul/progradation du profil sur les plages dominées par une dynamique transversale et à l'inverse, une relative stabilité sur les plages dominées par une dynamique longitudinale. Toutefois, l'observation d'une fermeture du profil autour de - 3 m C.M. associée à des bilans sédimentaires non nuls (neuf mois de suivi sur un site test) soulèvent la question de l'influence du transport longitudinal dans la disponibilité sédimentaire de certaines plages à l'échelle pluri-annuelle.
A une échelle de temps plus courte (du cycle de marée à la semaine), les campagnes de mesures intensives ont permis de caractériser l'agitation en zone intertidale lors de conditions d'énergie variables et d'analyser l'influence de la marée sur la variabilité spatio-temporelle des processus hydrodynamiques. En effet, la transformation des vagues dans les petits fonds est à la fois impliquée dans la spatialisation des courants induits par les vagues (et donc dans l'orientation du transport sédimentaire) et dans la formation des corps sédimentaires (barres de swash, systèmes de croissants de plage) par la génération d'ondes secondaires.
Desmazes, Franck. "Caractérisation des barres sableuses d'une plage de la côte aquitaine : exemple de la plage du Truc Vert." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13097.
Full textSaleh, Salem Ala. "Modélisation physique en canal à houle de la morphodynamique des plages sableuses." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0020.
Full textVarious forms of beach profile may be found on the earth surface according to the local hydrodynamic and sedimentologic conditions. Despite numerous field, laboratory and theoretical studies, the physical processes which govern beach morphodynamics are still not well understood. This study investigates the physical modeling well controlled of morphological changes of cross-shore sand beach profiles carried out in the LOMC flume of 10m long. The beach consists of non-cohesive fine, to respect the laws of scale and to obtain experimental beaches subject to wave action or wave-tide combination, in similarity to the beaches observed in nature. For a given wave climate, The concept of equilibrium beach profile is verified on a wide range (1,8 < omega < 5,0) of the Masselink and Short (1993)’s classification. The beach bathymetrics profiles in the three directions and the interaction free surface / beach profile near the surf zone are followed with good resolution using two optical methods. The positions of the accretion and erosion zones, and the corresponding sand volumes are deduced from these profiles. Sedimentary bar formation is clearly demonstrated for steady wave climates. The effect of tide on beach profiles was then considered; a smoothing of the profiles was observed. A particular attention to the initial profile has been drawn, can induce in the case of an initial profile without bar, a stronger erosion of the upper part of the beach and a bar position shifted in the offshore direction. The migration of the bar was clearly established at the variation of the wave steepness. The emergence of multiple-barred profiles and the importance of the wave climate history for beach profiles are exhibited. The study of distribution size particle along the beach has been studied. A segregation of grains in surface and volume has been clearly demonstrated. The segregation mechanisms depend on the pore fluid flowing in a granular layer where grains of different sizes move differently
Pradeau, Josiane. "Dynamique du littoral médocain plages et dunes de Lacanau-océan, flèche sableuse du Cap-Ferret /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376177068.
Full textPradeau, Josiane. "Dynamique du littoral médocain : plages et dunes de Lacanau-Océan, flêche sableuse du Cap-Ferret." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30059.
Full textAn in site investigation shows that the beaches are growing bigger between february 1986 and february 1987 en lacanau-ocean area. Despite of the fact that the climate circumstances are clement, the impact of the protections against the sea erosion is typical ; permanence of a littoral furrow and curving of the isobathes at the south of the experimental perpendicular dam. The seaboard at the north of the seaside-resort is being assaulted. (blue clay). The general good state of the dune cordon of the whole area is diagnosed with ecodynamic cards, an analysis is also done about morphosedimentary unities. The development policy of lacanau-ocean takes into account the natural pressures of the environment, the future interventions are important. The analysis of space pictures can individualize the channels of the bassin d'arcachon and show up the late evolution of the sandy shaft of cap-ferret
Charbonnier, Céline. "Biogéochimie et hydrologie d'une plage battue : la plage du Truc Vert : flux de matière dans les sédiments sableux intertidaux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946913.
Full textCharbonnier, Céline. "Biogéochimie et hydrologie d’une plage battue : la plage du Truc Vert : flux de matière dans les sédiments sableux intertidaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14916/document.
Full textBiogeochemical studies in permeable sandy sediments are recent: the role of these environments in biogeochemical cycles was neglected because of their poverty in organic matter and the complexity of transient processes affecting them. Sandy beaches are subject to various physical forcings like tide, waves and connexion with continental groundwaters. Advection is the leading mode of transport. Huge volumes of organic matter-bearing seawater are potentially filtered by permeable intertidal sediments. The main objective of this study was to characterize biogeochemical processes induced by seawater recirculation and groundwater discharge in the intertidal zone of an exposed beach: the Truc Vert beach.Seasonal monitoring of pore water properties showed that aerobic respiration processes occurred in the seawater recirculation plume. Extrapolated to the 240 km-long Aquitanian coast, these processes represent each year an annual release of 610 tons of nitrate and 4400 tons of dissolved inorganic carbon, i.e. the equivalent of the Leyre input, a small river draining a catchment area of 2000 km2 at the southeast part of the Arcachon lagoon.The benthic macrofauna is dominated by Crustaceans. These organisms have a low impact on biogeochemical cycles: the contribution of benthic macrofauna on oxygen deficits observed in the lower beach pore waters is insignificant (< 2%). Biogeochemical fluxes observed in the intertidal zone are mainly induced by the aerobic respiration of microorganisms living in the sediment. Supported by regular tidal inputs of dissolved oxygen on the pore space, these processes varied seasonnally with temperature and organic matter availability.The deployment of autonomous probes into the sediment of the intertidal zone allowed us to clarify the short-term variability of pore water properties. Extension of the intertidal saline plume evolved with the tidal amplitude. Oxygen levels measured at a given point of the beach varied slightly with the lunar cycle. This work showed that aerobic respiration processes varied mainly at the seasonal scale. The local impact of weather and swell was also evidenced.We showed the presence of a subterranean estuary in the Truc Vert beach and its dynamics was explored through the deployment of wells in the upper beach. The input of continental freshwater represents an additional source of nitrate and dissolved inorganic carbon in the coastal ocean. Chemical properties of the fresh groundwater located upstream the beach indicated a decoupling between the salinity gradient and the redox bareer within the subterranean estuary, as well as an intense CO2 degassing at the dune.This study allows to better understand the processes occuring in sandy sediments of exposed beaches and will allow to develop complex numerical models linking hydrological and biogeochemical processes. This work also provides many perspectives on the role of sandy beaches, both locally (in case of pollution, for example) and on global biogeochemical cycles, especially in relation to global warming and sea-level rise (CO2 emissions and seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers)
Birrien, Florent. "Assimilation de données et inversion bathymétrique pour la modélisation de l'évolution des plages sableuses." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870775.
Full textAngnuureng, Donatus Bapentire. "Shoreline response to multi-scale oceanic forcing from video imagery." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0094/document.
Full textThe aim of this study was to develop a methodology to statistically assess the shorelineresilience to storms at different time scales for a storm-dominated mid-latitude beach(Biscarrosse, France). On a pilot base, storm-free tropical Jamestown beach (Ghana) was alsoanalysed. 6-years (2007-2012) of continuous video-derived shoreline data and hindcastedhydrodynamics were analysed. Wave climate is dominated by storms (Hs>5% exceedancelimit) and their seasonal fluctuations; 75% of storms occur in winter with more than 60identified storms during the study period. A multiple regression on 36 storms shows thatwhereas current and previous storm intensity have predominant role on current storm impact,tide and sandbar play a major role on the post-storm recovery. An ensemble average on poststormrecovery period shows that Biscarrosse beach recovers rapidly (9 days) to individualstorms, and sequences of storms (clusters) have a weak cumulative effect. The results point outthat individual storm recurrence frequency is key. If the interval between two storms is lowcompared to the recovery period, the beach becomes more resilient to the next storms; and thefirst storm in clusters has larger impact than following ones. Shoreline responds in decreasingorder at seasonal, storm frequency and annual timescales at Biscarrosse. The EOF methodshows good skills in separating uniform and non-uniform shoreline dynamics, showing theirdifferent temporal variability: seasonal and short-term scales dominate first EOF (2D) andsecond (3D) modes, respectively.The shoreline at Jamestown was studied on pilot base from 2013-2014. Water level channgesplay a major role on shoreline changes. Waves estimates from video are in good agreement withhindcasts. This study shows the potential of the technique, to be replicated elsewhere in WestAfrica with all its diversity and regional climate variability through a coastal observationnetwork
Abessolo, Ondoa Grégoire. "Réponse des plages sableuses d'Afrique de l'Ouest, golfe de Guinée, face au forçage multi-échelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30029.
Full textThis thesis presents a multi-scale investigation of the role of waves, sea level and human settlements to understand long-term coastal evolution of the 400-km long sandy Bight of Benin coast (Gulf of Guinea, West Africa). Coastal morphology and its ocean drivers are monitored using local shore-based video camera and regional satellite remote sensing. New video developpements show the potential of video camera in sensing daily beach profile, waves and sea level at the coast. The results reveal the dominant influence of waves on shoreline variability at the event (daily) and seasonal scales, whereas at the intraseasonal and interannual scales, the shoreline is dominantly modulated by sea level changes. Over longer periods (decades), anthropogenic influence, such as deep water harbours and the reduction of sediment river (such as Volta and Niger) discharge due to dams significantly alter sediment transport, creating several erosion zones. These observations over the long term are satisfactorily reproduced by the implemented shoreline model, specially in the vicinity of the harbors, and allows to estimate, for example, the amount of sediment nourishment necessary to limit erosion downstream of Lagos harbor. Beside their fundamental interest, these results put strong basis to improve regional coastal policies
Rihouey, Didier. "Analyse statistique de l’évolution morphodynamique des plages sableuses : Application aux sites d’étude du Programme National d’Environnement Côtier et aux plages d’Anglet." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3035.
Full textDue to the great societal importance of coastal areas, the understanding and prediction of shore behaviour have gained widespread importance in terms of coastal management and shoreline retreat. This PhD thesis presents (1) the development of a systematic statistical method to study topographic and bathymetric data, and (2) the development of an empirical morphodynamic model to simulate sandy beaches evolution. The topo-bathymetric data-sets from Anglet and the sites of the French national program on the coastal environment (Sète, le Truc Vert et Omaha Beach) are analysed with an established technique for investigating temporal beach level fluctuation : Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The limitation and the possibility of EOF techniques are discussed. The results underscore the importance of data sampling regarding to the considered spatial and temporal scales. Then, a statistical study is carried out to determine covariability between waves forcing and profile response at Truc Vert Beach by using a linear approach and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). Furthermore, an extension to three dimensions of the CCA model is proposed. This model is validated against the Omaha Beach data-sets. The possibilities and the limitations of this approach are discussed
Petitjean, Lise. "Etude des plages sableuses : Relations entre les vagues, le niveau d'eau, la nappe et la morphologie." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0016/document.
Full textThis PhD work is part of the general context of littoral dynamic study. The purpose of this workwas to study couplings between surface waves (waves and long waves including infra-gravity waves), sea waterlevel variations and currents, as well as high-frequence water level variations on shoreline and groundwatermovements within sandy beaches. The approach is mostly experimental in-situ.The field campaign ROUSTY201412 allowed the collection of a substantial hydro- morphodynamic dataset,supplying sandy beaches studies in several fields. In particular, it will allow, on a same site, the descriptionof a full winter season under various waves and winds climates, making it a unique dataset in Mediterraneancontext.In this PhD, we are interested in three fields : free surface dynamics, including multi scale relations analysis(waves, water level variations, long waves, wave-setup, ...), currents structure and evolution linked withsurface dynamics, and groundwater circulation within the coastal aquifer and particularly under the swashzone
Biausque, Mélanie. "Approche multi-proxys de la réponse des plages sableuses ouvertes aux événements de tempêtes, en incluant les phases de récupération." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0286/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of an open sandy beach wave-dominated, based on an original dataset, covering 29 months and composed by 150 DGPS surveys recorded along 750m of sandy shore, giving an access to the morphodynamic of Biscarrosse beach at different timescales. In a first time, event scale analysis showed that sandy beach response to clusters is not the result of the sum of the impact generated by each storm of a cluster on the system. Thus, the cumulated effect of clusters, described in the literature is not verified here. The storm sequencing has also been studied: during a cluster, changes in hydrodynamics conditions (rising of the water level and/or wave height) are necessary to provoke a significant erosion of the system by the second storm. In a second time, we studied the seasonal scale dynamic of the beach/dune system (winter and summer seasons) with the purpose to highlight dominant processes involved at this timescale. Beach response to winter seasons not only depends on hydrodynamic conditions and previous beach profile, but also on erosion/recovery event sequencing, post-storm recovery, cross-shore and longshore sediment transport, the barline characteristics and RIP current positions. Summer seasons are here defined by the berm reconstruction. Recovery periods are both linked to hydrodynamic conditions and barline characteristics (e.g. position and shape).The study of successive winters and summers allowed us to identify interactions between seasons, and the influence of short-scale dynamics on the seasonal one. It also emphasizes the impact of urbanism and coastal management strategies on the system’s response, at different timescales
Castelle, Bruno. "Modélisation de l'hydrodynamique sédimentaire au-dessus des barres sableuses soumises à l'action de la houle : application à la côte aquitaine." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12859.
Full textThis thesis presents the first complete study of wave dynamics, wave-induced currents, and morphodynamics of nearshore sandy bars on the aquitanian coast beaches. This study is based on a physical modeling approach, associated with satellite imagery as well as treatment and analysis of field data. From the 12th to the 19th of october 2001 at Truc Vert beach, hydrodynamic and sedimentary data were collected during PNEC 2001 field measurements for energetic swell conditions. From the analysis of these data, the hydrodynamic module of the morphodynamic model developed during this thesis has been validated, and the dynamics of waves and wave-induced currents has been described. Simulations over aquitanian coast ridge and runnel systems and nearshore crescentic bar system show an intense tidal modulation of physical processes. Rip currents are induced by shore normal incidence long swells and an oscillating longshore current is induced by oblic incidence swells. The morphodynamic coupling including tidal cycles shows that self-organization mechanisms are responsible for the formation fo ridge and runnel systems in the intertidal domain and crescentic bar systems in the nearshore zone. The morphological characteristics of simulated systems are in agreement with observations. The development of these bars is also studied, as well as its sensitivity to wave forcing. The study leads to a new conceptual model of sandy bars morphology on the aquitanian coast
Jabbar, Marie. "Dynamiques morpho-sédimentaires des avant-plages et impact sur les stocks sableux : vers une meilleure stratégie de gestion des risques côtiers." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0108/document.
Full textThe global phenomenon of coastal erosion, occurring especially on sandy coasts, tends to increase coastal risks in areas with key issues and concerns. In this context, stocks management strategies within sandy hydro-sedimentary coastal cells have appeared to be potential solutions to the local management of coastal erosion and their associated risks. However, despite their importance to determine management strategies, the dynamics of nearshore (submerged part of the cell) geomorphology remain poorly studied and partially understood. This PhD thesis aims to provide a better understanding of nearshore geomorphology in some specific sites and to contribute to the development of coastal risk management strategies.The study of multi-temporal bathymetric surveys at century-scale and annual-scale highlights significant evolution of the Brittany nearshore morphology from the beginning of the 20th century until today.In particular, a striking result is the reversal of the morphological evolution tendency in the mid-20th century. During the first half-century, the situation is steady, though nearshore morphology has a slight tendency toward accumulation. During the second half-century, we measured a net erosion tendency for all the survey sites. Interpretation and discussion of these results allow to determine the forcing of the nearshore morphodynamics, among which are climatic (coupled ocean-atmosphere) events, anthropogenic impacts and structural constraints
Villard, Pascal. "Etude du renforcement des sables par des fils continus : modelisation et applications." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2017.
Full textKulling, Benjamin. "Déformation du rivage et dérive littorale des plages du Golfe du Lion." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0324/document.
Full textWave data from 1979 to 2010 derived from a large-scale modelling database (ANEMOC-2) were used together with high resolution topo-bathymetric LiDAR data as inputs within the coastal engineering model Unibest-LT (Uniform Beach Sediment - Longshore Transport). The spatial and temporal coverage of these data offers a unique opportunity to carry out a comprehensive study of potential longshore transport intensity and direction.Over the 250 km-long stretch of coast covering the study area, the longshore drift directions computed with the 30-year mean wave climate closely match those of previous findings based on experimental geomorphological methods.Potential LST rates are then computed for each year individually over the 1979-2010 period. Deviations from the 30-year mean LST rates are used to identify 3 cases: positive anomalies, negative anomalies and close to normal. Storm contributions to longshore transport are brought into light: inter-annual variability in LST rates is strongly correlated to >4 m waves occurences.The relationship between LST rates gradients alongshore and shoreline changes is also investigated : despite the significant amout of papers on that subject, results showned in this thesis appears to be disappointing.In the light of these findings, coastal drift cell boundaries are defined taking into account the 30-year mean potential LST rates and the inter-annual variability. This thesis thus highlights the good potential of longshore transport modelling in yielding coherent results that are essential from a shoreline management perspective for future coastal sustainability
DERRADJ, ABDELKADER. "Contribution a l'etude sedimentologique des terrains quaternaires de la region de nice : origine et mise en place des couvertures limoneuses et sableuses des terrasses." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066778.
Full textMonnier, Damien. "Dynamique de mise en place des réseaux d'intrusions sableuses dans les bassins sédimentaires : impact sur l'évolution post-dépôt des réservoirs et le réseau de migration associé." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20006.
Full textSand intrusions (or injectites) are most often the product of post-depositional remobilization of sand leading to its injection into the surrounding rocks. While injectites were recognized for the first time nearly 200 years ago, their emplacement process has been studied for a couple of decades only, since the concepts of deep sea depositional environments have allowed us to better understand their emplacement processes. However, these processes are still relatively poorly understood. Our approach is based on the study of injectites in the Lower Congo Basin from seismic and well data, which we compare to a fossil system in the SE France basin. We have shown that:(1) In buried turbidite channel systems draping deposits on the channel flanks and terraces of channels have the same geophysical signature as ‘wing-like' injectites. Finally, the only criterion for identifying seismic injectites is the presence of bedding-discordant seismic reflections, and in the best case the associated uplift of the overlying seismic reflectors.(2) Seismic-scale conical and saucer-shaped sand injectites have been identified in the Lower Congo Basin. The remobilization is likely due to overpressuring induced by the buoyancy effect of hydrocarbons trapped in the margins of a lobe buried underneath 160 m of sediment, followed by the sudden injection of fluidized sand associated with fault reactivation of faults (with a possible role of nearby salt diapirs).(3) A network of injectites (dykes, sills/wings and laccoliths) was formed in the Vocontian basin during the late Albian and/or early Cenomanian, from a lower-middle Albian turbidite channel. The emplacement is probably due to the early compartmentalization of the channel during its burial and the increase of the sedimentation rate generating overpressure; and the subsequent large influx of deep fluids triggering injection. The injection of sand was polyphased: a first episode formed the sills and another emplaced the dykes. Sills/wings and dykes propagated about 2 km laterally away from the parent sand body and about 200 m up to the surface, revealing a much more extended lateral than vertical reach, contrary to the classically accepted idea from the interpretation of seismic data.(4) The emplacement of this large network of injectites was governed by hydrofracturing. Therefore, its morphology is dependent on the host rock heterogeneity (isotropy, fractures), the paleo-stress orientation (σ3 = NW-SE) and the burial depth of the source (300-600 m) at the time of injection. The study of this fossil network allows us to define the relationship between morphology of the injected network and stress state at the time of injection. This relationship can be extrapolated to constrain the morphology of subsurface networks beyond seismic visibility.(5) Sands injected into low permeability lithologies bear evidence to a major event of fluid escape in the studied basin, but also channeled fluids long after their formation. In this way, injectites both attest to specific episodes of fluid migration in sedimentary basins and contribute to long-lived re-routing of migrating fluids once emplaced.The injection of sand is associated with the sudden escape of fluids, probably resulting from a significant tectonic and/or sedimentary event; in addition, the architecture of injectite networks is governed by the local paleo-stress and heterogeneity in the host rock. Consequently, characterizing injectite networks is an important step in understanding the plumbing systems of continental margins, i.e. the post-depositional evolution of sedimentary basins
Bouguerra, Hafid. "Prévision du potentiel de liquéfaction des sites sableux à l'aide d'appareillages in-situ." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0003.
Full textZri, Abdeljalil. "Mise en place d’une nouvelle approche de formulation d’une matrice cimentaire à base de sable de dragage : application aux bétons de sables et granulats." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10172/document.
Full textOn the one hand, against a backdrop of deposits lack and depletion of natural resources in terms of aggregates and, on the second hand, in the presence of abundant marine material from dredging operations, the emerging idea is to recover these wastes in a cement matrix for two applications: standard sand concrete and aggregates. From this perspective, our interest is to propose an alternative to conventional concrete for some applications. The formulation study is a complex task and the nature of the basic materials accentuates it further. The study consists to propose a new formulation method of standard sand concrete. Given the extensive granular, the incorporation of a filler is judicious and essential both for technical reasons such as improving the compactness and economic such as reducing the cement mixture. Through the characterization phase of our sand concrete, several test protocols have been established to highlight the qualities of this material and promote its current use. To describe the behavior of our concrete sand, we carried out characterization towards several phenomena that is: compressive strength, tensile strength, static and dynamic elasticity modulus, consistency, hydration at early ages, shrinkage on drying kinetics, microstructure and quantification of different forms of water in the cement matrix. In a similar manner, we proposed a methodology formulation of aggregates based on the same materials as concrete sand. The aggregates tested were manufactured by extrusion. The results of characterizations of concrete and aggregates sand are very promising
Jolivet, Morgane. "Morphologie et dynamique des littoraux sableux de Guyane soumis à l’influence de bancs de vase amazoniens : analyse expérimentale et multi-échelle, du court terme au multi-décennal." Thesis, Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0014.
Full textThis thesis aims to describe and understand the morphological evolutionary of gyanese sandy-muddy coasts, under multiple influences, encompassing mesoscale to infra-daily processes. The long-term study of coastline evolution (1950-2017), based on high-resolution (50 cm) aerial images, made it possible to accurately observe and describe the structure "in thousand-sheets" of the coastal plain of the Guianas, which is made up from alternating deposits of muddy sediments and cheniers. On a smaller scale, this thesis relies on a field study, during which morphological and hydrodynamic data was collected between 2017 and 2019. A diachronic survey of beach morphology was employed using photogrammetry combined with seasonal bathymetric surveys. Currents, waves and tides have beeen recorded during specific hydrodynamic campaigns. On the morphological response to instantaneous forcing, the study of morphodynamics allowed us to underline the importance of tides in sedimentary transport and the functioning of beaches, combining both an extremely dissipative low-water terrace and a highly reflective beach-top at high tide. The multi-decadal study and the field observations also allowed to advance the evidence of the generalization of the beach rotation model. These conditions, combined with the availability of sand from the re-mobilization of cheniers or local estuarine inputs, define these sandy beaches as zones with high variability but with a stable sediment balance subjected to a winging of the sandy material. Attempts to fix in place a highly variable coastline creates a disruption in the form of micro littoral cells that limits the intrinsic mobility of the sandy sediment necessary for the balance of the beaches during the alternation of bank and interbank periods
Le, Guellec-Pichon Catherine. "Réponse des copépodes harpacticoi͏̈des et de la macrofaune aux traitements expérimentaux de sables pollués par hydrocarbures sur deux plages de la côte nord du Finistère." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2024.
Full textSaïtta, Adrien. "Modélisation élastoplastique du comportement mécanique des sols. Application à la liquéfaction des sables et à la sollicitation d'expansion de cavité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523272.
Full textDupla, Jean-Claude. "Application de la sollicitation d'expansion de cavité cylindrique à l'évaluation des caractéristiques de liquéfaction d'un sable." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529414.
Full textBensaid, A. "Mesures in-situ des pressions interstitielles. Application à la reconnaissance des sols." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523122.
Full textTrentesaux, Alain. "Enregistrement de processus sédimentaires pléistocènesExemples de plates-formes détritiques et de bassins profondsMer du Nord et mers de Chine." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140889.
Full textL'objectif des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire est, par une approche sédimentologique, de reconstituer les conditions environnementales, tant sur les continents que sur les plates-formes, ayant conduit aux dépôts étudiés. Sur cette base, nous avons entrepris des études sur des dépôts du Pléistocène en mer du Nord ainsi que dans les mers de Chine de l'Est et du Sud. Cette époque, par sa proximité, permet des études à très haute résolution temporelle tandis qu'elle est caractérisée par des oscillations climatiques et eustatiques importantes et rapides. De plus, les dépôts les plus récents portent la trace de l'Homme.
Sur la plate-forme, l'étude des grands corps sableux, bancs et très grandes dunes, a permis de préciser les mécanismes de leur mise en place. A court terme, même dans les environnements dominés par la marée, l'importance de phénomènes sporadiques tels que les houles de tempêtes, a été démontrée. Ils impriment aux formes et à la structure des fonds marins leur marque tandis que les agents tidaux sont les pourvoyeurs du matériel sédimentaire. A plus long terme, ce ne sont plus les agents dynamiques qui conditionnent la préservation des corps sédimentaires mais la création d'espace disponible et l'importance des apports sédimentaires. Au niveau de l'estuaire de l'Authie, des séries de carottages nous ont aidé à mesurer les conséquences du mouvement vers le nord des divers ensembles sédimentaires sur le type de sédiment rencontré ainsi que sur les modifications d'un espace naturel convoité par l'Homme.
Dans les bassins profonds, en mer de Chine du Sud, nos études ont permis de préciser les sources du matériel sédimentaire et son transport en faisant la part des contributions éolienne, fluviatile et marine. L'étude des caractères sédimentologiques de la fraction détritique a permis également d'étudier la balance ntre l'érosion et l'altération sur les zones émergées ainsi que de voir quelle est la réponse des marqueurs détritiques aux changements climatiques globaux depuis 2 millions d'années.
MONNIER, Damien. "Dynamique de mise en place des réseaux d'intrusions sableuses dans les bassins sédimentaires: Impact sur l'évolution post-dépôt des réservoirs et le réseau de migration associé." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011486.
Full text