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1

Chenost, M., V. Royer, J. M. Centrès, F. Gaillard, and J. Davis. "Traitement des tiges de maïs à l'urée et utilisation pour la production laitière en région productrice de café et de banane en Tanzanie." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 4 (1993): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9416.

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Les auteurs ont testé de 1988 à 1990 le traitement à l'ammoniac par hydrolyse de l'urée soit à l'échelle individuelle en fosse, soit à l'échelle de la coopérative en tas, des tiges du maïs cultivé sur le plateau Masaï en Tanzanie, ces dernières constituant une ressource indispensable en saison sèche dans le système fourrager des petits producteurs laitiers installés sur les pentes montagneuses de ces régions. Les modalités de traitements en fosse et en tas sont décrites en détail. Les résultats obtenus montrent une amélioration appréciable de la production laitière mais cependant inférieure à
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2

Smith, Charles David. "The Geopolitics of Rwandan Resettlement: Uganda and Tanzania." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 2 (1995): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502042.

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By October 1994 the population of refugees from Rwanda and Burundi registered with the UN High Commission of Refugees in Tanzania was about 570,000. (Personal communication: Yukiko Hameda, UNHCR-Nairobi.) And from the point of view of the international and Tanzanian authorities responsible for refugees, the crisis continues to grow. On December 23, 1994, Patrick Chokala, Press Secretary to the Tanzanian President, claimed that 300-400 refugees enter Tanzania every day; the total number then was 591,000. (Daily News, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 24 December 1994.)The human tragedy, the genocide whi
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3

Rwegasira, G. M., G. Momanyi, M. E. C. Rey, G. Kahwa, and J. P. Legg. "Widespread Occurrence and Diversity of Cassava brown streak virus (Potyviridae: Ipomovirus) in Tanzania." Phytopathology® 101, no. 10 (2011): 1159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-10-0297.

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Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) has been a problem in Tanzania since 1936. Existing literature indicated limited distribution of the disease to low altitudes, usually <100 m above sea level, but the current geographical distribution of the disease was not known. Whether a single or many strains for the virus exist in Tanzania had not been reported to date. In this study, CBSD was recorded from sea level to ≈1,800 m above sea level. In total, 2,730 cassava plants were assessed for CBSD leaf symptoms in 91 fields and root symptoms were assessed at 81 sites. A sample was taken from each si
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4

Shivji, Issa G. "Contradictory Developments in the Teaching and Practice of Human Rights Law in Tanzania." Journal of African Law 35, no. 1-2 (1991): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008391.

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The Bill of Rights is a novelty in Tanzania. As is well-known, Tanzanian Constitutions from independence to 1984 did not contain a bill of rights. Partly for this reason, legal discourse, whether in teaching or in practice, did not centre on rights issues particularly in the relationship between the state and citizen. At the Faculty of Law, University of Dar es Salaam, there developed an approach to teaching which the university calendar refers to as “the historical, socio-economic” method. The socioeconomic method emerged in contrast to the “law and development” approach which was a manifesta
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5

Laudisoit, Anne, Herwig Leirs, Rhodes H. Makundi, et al. "Plague and the Human Flea, Tanzania." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 5 (2007): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1305.061084.

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6

Magingo, Francis S., Ndekya M. Oriyo, Amelia K. Kivaisi, and Eric Danell. "Cultivation of Oudemansiella tanzanica nom. prov. on Agricultural Solid Wastes in Tanzania." Mycologia 96, no. 2 (2004): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3762053.

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7

Chiang, B. T., M. K. Nakhla, D. P. Maxwell, M. Schoenfelder, and S. K. Green. "A New Geminivirus Associated with a Leaf Curl Disease of Tomato in Tanzania." Plant Disease 81, no. 1 (1997): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.1.111b.

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Leaf samples of tomato exhibiting yellow mottle, severe leaf curl, stunting, and upright stems were collected from Makutupora, Tanzania, in October 1994 by L. L. Black (AVRDC). Leaf tissue squashes on nylon membranes did not hybridize with DNA-A probes from tomato yellow leaf curl geminiviruses (TYLCVs) from Thailand (Thai) or Egypt (EG), an isolate of TYLCV-Isr (Israel). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primer pair PAC1v1978/PAV1c715 (2), which specifically amplifies part of the rep (AC1) open reading frame (ORF), the intergenic region, and the cp (AV1) ORF of whitefly-transmitted geminiv
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8

Kajembe, G. C., A. J. Mbwilo, R. S. Kidunda, and J. Nduwamungu. "Resource use conflicts in Usangu Plains, Mbarali District, Tanzania." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 10, no. 4 (2003): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504500309470109.

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9

GAMMELMO, ØIVIND. "A review of the Afrotropical genus Mycomyiella Matile, 1973 (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Mycomyini), with the description of six new species." Zootaxa 625, no. 1 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.625.1.1.

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Systematics of the genus Mycomyiella are reviewed. A generic diagnosis, description and illustrations of the males are provided. Nine species are recognized, of which 6 are newly described: M. diseta new species (Tanzania), M. elegans new species (Tanzania), M. ghanaensis new species (Ghana), M. kaputuensis new species (Tanzania), M. tannerorum new species (Tanzania), and M. wangi new species (Tanzania). The phylogeny of Mycomyiella is outlined, placing it as the sister group of Mycomya Rondani, 1856. The monophyly of Mycomyiella is well supported, and two species groups can be recognized, one
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10

Kilonzo, B. S., T. J. Mbise, and R. H. Makundi. "Plague in Lushoto district, Tanzania, 1980–1988." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86, no. 4 (1992): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(92)90263-c.

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11

Makundi, Rhodes H., Apia W. Massawe, Benny Borremans, Anne Laudisoit, and Abdul Katakweba. "We are connected: flea–host association networks in the plague outbreak focus in the Rift Valley, northern Tanzania." Wildlife Research 42, no. 2 (2015): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14254.

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Context Plague is a serious health problem in northern Tanzania, with outbreaks since 2008 in two districts located in Rift Valley. There is dearth of knowledge on diversity of small mammal and flea fauna occurring in this plague focus. Knowledge on interactions between fleas and rodent species that harbour the plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis, is important for developing strategies for control and prevention of plague. Aims This study aims to show how rodents and fleas are associated with each other in the plague focus. Methods Animals were trapped bimonthly from 2009 to 2012 in different ha
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12

Rusekwa, Sadock B., Iona Campbell, Flower E. Msuya, Amelia S. Buriyo, and Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook. "Biosecurity policy and legislation of the seaweed aquaculture industry in Tanzania." Journal of Applied Phycology 32, no. 6 (2020): 4411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02194-1.

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AbstractPest and disease outbreaks have significant impacts on the livelihoods of seaweed farmers each year, particularly in low- to middle-income countries around the world. Commercial seaweed farming of the red carrageenophytes, Eucheuma denticulatum, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatus, in Tanzania was established in 1989. The impacts of pests and diseases on the local seaweed industry had serious implications for the environment, society, local culture and human health. The industry was initially characterised by growth, but since 2002 has been severely limited due to pest and d
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13

Njoroge, Samuel M. C., John Peter Takan, Elias A. Letayo, et al. "Survey of Fungal Foliar and Panicle Diseases of Sorghum in Important Agroecological Zones of Tanzania and Uganda." Plant Health Progress 19, no. 3 (2018): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-04-18-0013-s.

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A survey was conducted in 2014 to determine the prevalence of fungal diseases on sorghum across different agroecological zones in Tanzania and Uganda. In Tanzania, 37 sorghum fields were sampled in Dodoma and Singida Provinces, representing the central drier areas, and in Simiyu, Shinyanga, Mwanza, and Mara Provinces, representing the lake-zone region. In Uganda, 134 fields were sampled across four agroecological zones of Teso, Western, Northern, and West Nile. Farmers were purposively selected, and at least 30 plants per field along two diagonal transects were visually assessed for disease. T
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14

Peter, Chris Maina. "The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: bringing the killers to book." International Review of the Red Cross 37, no. 321 (1997): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400077780.

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In the spring of 1994 more than 500,000 people were killed in Rwanda in one of the worst cases of genocide in history. The slaughter began on 6 April 1994, only a few hours after the plane bringing the Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi back from peace negotiations in Tanzania was shot down as it approached Kigali Airport.
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15

Franks, Tom, Frances Cleaver, Faustin Maganga, and Kurt Hall. "Water governance and livelihoods: Outcomes for smallholders on the Usangu plains, Tanzania." Water Resources and Rural Development 1-2 (November 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2013.07.001.

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16

Spurgin, P. A., and R. S. K. Chomba. "The Bahi Plains—An Additional Red Locust Outbreak Area in Central Tanzania?" International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 19, no. 04 (1999): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400018890.

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17

Lovett, Jon C. "STATUTE NOTE." Journal of African Law 47, no. 1 (2003): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855303002050.

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During the 1980s and 1990s there were two major changes to forest management objectives in Tanzania. Firstly, it was recognized that some of the forests, notably those on mountains in the east of the country and the coastal plain, are exceptionally rich in species of restricted distribution. Recent analysis has even placed these forests amongst the most important biodiversity hotspots world-wide. Secondly, there was a recognition that communities needed to be much more involved in forest management. The Forest Act, 2002, which replaces the 1957 Forest Ordinance, tackles both of these objective
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18

Haule, M., B. M. Hang’ombe, E.F.Lyamuya, B. S. Kilonzo, and M. I. Matee. "Studies of reservoirs and vectors of plague in Northeastern, Tanzania." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21 (April 2014): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.721.

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19

Mmassy, Emmanuel C., Robert D. Fyumagwa, Craig R. Jackson, Kjetil Bevanger, and Eivin Røskaft. "Kori bustard (Ardeotis kori struthiunculus) occurrence in the Serengeti grass plains, northern Tanzania." African Journal of Ecology 55, no. 3 (2016): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12351.

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20

Sirima, Agnes, and K. F. Backman. "Communities' displacement from national park and tourism development in the Usangu Plains, Tanzania." Current Issues in Tourism 16, no. 7-8 (2013): 719–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.785484.

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21

Kawuki, R. S., L. Herselman, M. T. Labuschagne, et al. "Genetic diversity of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces and cultivars from southern, eastern and central Africa." Plant Genetic Resources 11, no. 2 (2013): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000014.

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Studies to quantify genetic variation in cassava germplasm, available within the national breeding programmes in Africa, have been limited. Here, we report on the nature and extent of genetic variation that exists within 1401 cassava varieties from seven countries: Tanzania (270 genotypes); Uganda (268); Kenya (234); Rwanda (184); Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC; 177); Madagascar (186); Mozambique (82). The vast majority of these genotypes do not exist within a formal germplasm conservation initiative and were derived from farmers' fields and National Agricultural Research Systems breeding p
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22

Sappa, Giuseppe, and Giulia Luciani. "Sustainability of groundwater management in the coastal plain of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)." Rendiconti online della Società Geologica Italiana 35 (April 2015): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/rol.2015.116.

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23

Elkins, Catherine, and Philip W. Setel. "A Plague of Paradoxes: AIDS, Culture, and Demography in Northern Tanzania." African Studies Review 43, no. 3 (2000): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525080.

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24

Gausset, Quentin. "A plague of paradoxes. Aids, culture, and demography in Northern Tanzania." Social Science & Medicine 55, no. 7 (2002): 1281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00250-7.

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25

Kilonzo, B. S. "DDT resistance in Xenopsylla brasiliensis, the common plague vector in Tanzania." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 6, no. 01 (1985): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400002770.

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26

Darby, Robert. "A Plague of Paradoxes: AIDS, Culture, and Demography in Northern Tanzania." Archives of Sexual Behavior 34, no. 6 (2005): 707–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-005-7930-9.

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27

Fleisher, Michael L. "Sungusungu: State-Sponsored Village Vigilante Groups Among the Kuria of Tanzania." Africa 70, no. 2 (2000): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2000.70.2.209.

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AbstractIn the mid-1990s the village vigilantism known as sungusungu emerged, for the first time, in Tarime District, in northern Tanzania, in response to high levels of cattle theft and related violence—not in the form of independently organised but co-operating village vigilante groups, as it had first manifested itself a decade and a half earlier, in west central Tanzania, among the Sukuma and Nyamwezi peoples, but under state sponsorship. This article describes the organisation and operation of this form of state-sponsored vigilantism as it unfolded in a village of the agro-pastoral Kuria
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Buyck, Bart, Guillaume Eyssartier, and Amelia Kivaisi. "Addition to the inventory of the genus Cantharellus (Basidiomycota, Cantharellaceae) in Tanzania." Nova Hedwigia 71, no. 3-4 (2000): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova/71/2000/491.

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Ponte, Stefano. "Trapped in decline? Reassessing agrarian change and economic diversification on the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 39, no. 1 (2001): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x01003536.

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Analysing the dynamics of agrarian change and economic diversification is central for understanding the current transformation of African countries under market reforms. This article examines the complex changes taking place in the densely populated Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania, and places the Uluguru case in the context of wider debates dealing with market liberalisation, economic diversification, poverty, and inequality. It argues that rural households are not ‘trapped in decline’ on the Uluguru Mountains, as depicted in previous literature. Under the harsh realities of farming in this area
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Charnley, Susan. "Pastoralism and Property Rights: The Evolution of Communal Property on the Usangu Plains, Tanzania." African Economic History, no. 25 (1997): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3601881.

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Moyer, J. R., Z. J. Owenya, and S. P. Kibuwa. "Weed populations and agronomic practices at wheat farms on the Hanang plains in Tanzania." Tropical Pest Management 35, no. 1 (1989): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670878909371313.

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Rija, Alfan A., and Shombe N. Hassan. "Population density estimates of some species of wild ungulates in Simanjiro plains, northern Tanzania." African Journal of Ecology 49, no. 3 (2011): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01256.x.

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KILUNDA, FELISTA KASYOKA, WERNER CONRADIE, DOMNICK VICTOR WASONGA, et al. "Revalidation and resurrection of Panaspis massaiensis (Angel, 1924) and the description of a new species of Panaspis Cope (Squamata: Scincidae) from south-eastern Kenya." Zootaxa 4706, no. 2 (2019): 255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4706.2.3.

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Historically Panaspis wahlbergi (Smith, 1849) has been the only assignable species present in Kenya. Recent studies have shown that it comprises multiple cryptic species and the nominal species is now restricted to southern Africa. Newly collected mitochondrial data (16S rRNA) helped to resolve the status of the Kenyan populations, which revealed the presence of two distant related species. Pairwise distances show average 5.87% differences between the two Kenyan species, and 3.58–5.27% and 8.62–9.15% to nominal P. wahlbergi and P. maculicollis Jacobsen & Broadley, 2000 respectively. Ableph
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Berndt, Reinhard. "An unusual new Phakopsora from Tanzania." Mycological Progress 4, no. 4 (2005): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-006-0139-z.

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Cleaver, Frances, Tom Franks, Faustin Maganga, and Kurt Hall. "ASR FORUM: ENGAGING WITH AFRICAN INFORMAL ECONOMIES." African Studies Review 56, no. 3 (2013): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2013.84.

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Abstract:This article furthers our understanding of how state and citizens interact to produce local institutions and examines the effects of these processes. It brings critical institutional theory into engagement with ideas about everyday governance to analyze how hybrid arrangements are formed through bricolage. Such a perspective helps us to understand governance arrangements as both negotiated and structured, benefiting some and disadvantaging others. To explore these points the article tracks the evolution of the Sungusungu, a hybrid pastoralist security institution in the Usangu Plains,
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Murithi, H. M., F. D. Beed, C. S. Madata, J. S. Haudenshield, and G. L. Hartman. "First Report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Soybean Causing Rust in Tanzania." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (2014): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0601-pdn.

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Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. was reported on legume hosts other than soybean in Tanzania as early as 1979 (1). Soybean rust (SBR), caused by P. pachyrhizi, was first reported on soybean in Africa in Uganda in 1996 (3), and its introduction into Africa was proposed to occur through urediniospores blowing from western India to the African east coastal areas by moist northeast monsoon winds (4). The fungus rapidly spread and was reported on soybean in South Africa in 2001, in western Cameroon in 2003, and in Ghana and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2007 (5). A second species causing SBR on
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Malley, Zacharia J. U., Mohammed Taeb, Tetsuo Matsumoto, and Hiroyuki Takeya. "Environmental change and vulnerability in the Usangu plain, southwestern Tanzania: Implications for sustainable development." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 14, no. 2 (2007): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504500709469715.

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Brigley, Stephen, Ian HoseIn, and Irnei Myemba. "Placing learning needs in context: Distance learning for clinical officers in Tanzania." Medical Teacher 31, no. 4 (2009): e169-e176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01421590802590546.

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Bledsoe, Caroline H. "A Plague of Paradoxes: AIDS, Culture, and Demography in Northern Tanzania (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76, no. 4 (2002): 862–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2002.0158.

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Debien, Annekatrien, Simon Neerinckx, Didas Kimaro, and Hubert Gulinck. "Influence of satellite-derived rainfall patterns on plague occurrence in northeast Tanzania." International Journal of Health Geographics 9, no. 1 (2010): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-9-60.

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Schrumpf, Marion, Wolfgang Zech, Jan C. Axmacher, and Herbert V. M. Lyaruu. "Biogeochemistry of an afrotropical montane rain forest on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 1 (2005): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002907.

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In contrast to their well-studied counterparts in the Neotropics and in Asia, East African montane rain forests are surrounded by semi-arid savanna plains. These plains have a high erosion potential for salt crusts accumulated at the soil surface. Hence it may be hypothesized that East African montane forest ecosystems experience strongly enhanced nutrient inputs via dry deposition, which alters their overall biogeochemistry. The aim of our study was to test this hypothesis by investigating K, Mg, Ca, Na and N-forms in rainfall, throughfall, fine litter, litter percolate and soil solution of a
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Kadigi, Reuben M. J., N. S. Y. Mdoe, and G. C. Ashimogo. "Understanding poverty through the eyes of the poor: The case of Usangu Plains in Tanzania." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32, no. 15-18 (2007): 1330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.029.

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Frame, Lory Herbison, James R. Malcolm, George W. Frame, and Hugo Lawick. "Social Organization of African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) on the Serengeti Plains, Tanzania 1967-19781." Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 50, no. 3 (2010): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1979.tb01030.x.

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Laudisoit, Anne, Simon Neerinckx, Rhodes H. Makundi, Herwig Leirs, and Boris R. Krasnov. "Are local plague endemicity and ecological characteristics of vectors and reservoirs related? A case study in north-east Tanzania." Current Zoology 55, no. 3 (2009): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.3.200.

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Abstract The pattern of plague endemicity in Tanzania is characterized by continuous re-appearance of the disease in some locations, while in other neighbouring villages the disease has never or seldom been observed. To understand the reasons for this pattern, we studied small mammal and flea species composition, diversity and relative abundances in two plague-endemic and two plague-free locations. We asked (a) whether fleas more abundant in plague-endemic locations differ in their characteristic abundance and the degree of their host specificity from fleas more abundant in plague-free locatio
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Pinel-Galzi, A., D. Fargette, and R. Hull. "First Report of Rice yellow mottle virus in Rice in Uganda." Plant Disease 90, no. 5 (2006): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0683b.

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Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) of the genus Sobemovirus is a major biotic constraint to rice production in Africa. First reported in Kenya in 1966, RYMV was later found in most countries in Africa where rice (Oryza sativa) is grown (2). During July 2000, plants with leaf yellowing and mottling symptoms were observed in Uganda in a subsistence rice field northeast of Lake Victoria, close to the Nile River. RYMV was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with polyclonal RYMV antisera (1) in the four samples collected. Discriminant monoclonal antibodies revealed that the samples con
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Amir, H. M., O. M. Grace, E. Wabuyele, and M. L. K. Manoko. "Ethnobotany of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae) in Tanzania." South African Journal of Botany 122 (May 2019): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.038.

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47

Rimoy, G. H., M. J. Moshi, and A. Y. Massele. "Comparative Bioavailability of Oral Sugar-Coated and Plain Formulation of Chloroquine Phosphate Marketed in Tanzania." Tropical Doctor 32, no. 1 (2002): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550203200108.

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48

Hartemink, A. E., and E. M. Bridges. "The influence of parent material on soil fertility degradation in the coastal plain of Tanzania." Land Degradation & Development 6, no. 4 (1995): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3400060403.

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McCauley, Douglas J., Rodolfo Dirzo, Hillary S. Young, et al. "Effects of Land Use on Plague (Yersinia pestis) Activity in Rodents in Tanzania." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92, no. 4 (2015): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0504.

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Soini, Eija. "Bird diversity and land use on the slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro and the adjacent plains, Tanzania." African Zoology 41, no. 2 (2006): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3377/1562-7020(2006)41[193:bdaluo]2.0.co;2.

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