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Journal articles on the topic 'Plan of the accident'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Deng, Yaling, Shuliang Zou, and Daming You. "Theoretical Guidance on Evacuation Decisions after a Big Nuclear Accident under the Assumption That Evacuation Is Desirable." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093095.

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The development of nuclear power is a major measure for implementing energy-saving and emission reduction strategies all over the world. For a long time, the hazards of nuclear accidents have been obstacles to the development of nuclear power. Temporary evacuation is the fastest and most effective emergency measure to ensure the safety of residents in a short period of time after a nuclear accident. Numerous nuclear accident emergency management personnel make judgments based on personal work experience and subjective awareness when formulating a nuclear accident emergency evacuation plan. How to make a scientific and reasonable decision on the emergency evacuation of nuclear accidents in the shortest time is a common problem faced by many emergency departments when a nuclear accident occurs. In a complex and ever-changing radiation environment, how to maximize the use of limited information and make decisions quickly in an uncertain environment is a core issue that effectively reduces the risk of nuclear accidents. This paper constructs a set of assessment system of nuclear accident emergency evacuation plan selection based on the characteristics of nuclear accident emergencies under uncertain environmental conditions. It uses triangular fuzzy language to describe nuclear accident emergency evacuation decision plans and the weighting of relevant factors. Additionally, the K-means clustering method is used to calculate the weight of experts, which reduces the influence of subjective factors considered by decision makers. Finally, a decision model for emergency evacuation of nuclear accidents is constructed based on the TOPSIS decision model.
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Wang, Qian, and Ji Zu Li. "Research on Key Technologies of Mining Accident Early Warning, Supervisory Control and Contingency Plan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2273.

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Scientific accident emergency precaution can reduce the frequency and the level of mining accidents. In this paper, mine hazard sources reassessment, coal mine system reliability analysis, damage and lost estimate were proposed as basement of accident early warning, and the calculation methods were discussed furthermore. Then a three-tire architecture designed management system of accident was constructed ,which can provide reference information for supervisory control and contingency plan.
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Chi, Seokho, Sangwon Han, Dae Young Kim, and Yoonjung Shin. "ACCIDENT RISK IDENTIFICATION AND ITS IMPACT ANALYSES FOR STRATEGIC CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MANAGEMENT." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 21, no. 4 (March 30, 2015): 524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.890662.

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The study presented in this paper reviewed 9,358 accidents which occurred in the U.S. construction industry between 2002 and 2011, in order to understand the relationships between the risk factors and injury severity (e.g. fatalities, hospitalized injuries, or non-hospitalized injuries) and to develop a strategic prevention plan to reduce the likelihood of fatalities where an accident is unavoidable. The study specifically aims to: (1) verify the relationships among risk factors, accident types, and injury severity; (2) determine significant risk factors associated with each accident type that are highly correlated to injury severity; and (3) analyse the impact of the identified key factors on accident and fatality occurrence. The analysis results explained that safety managers’ roles are critical to reducing human-related risks – particularly misjudgement of hazardous situations – through safety training and education, appropriate use of safety devices and proper safety inspection. However, for environment-related factors, the dominant risk factors were different depending on the different accident types. The outcomes of this study will assist safety managers to understand the nature of construction accidents and plan for strategic risk mitigation by prioritizing high frequency risk factors to effectively control accident occurrence and manage the likelihood of fatal injuries on construction sites.
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Foulke, Garrett E., Horace Hines, and Charles J. Fisher. "Planning Response to Nuclear Accidents in Peacetime: An Approach which Addresses Recently Described Problems." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045295.

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The growing number of nuclear power, research, and industrial facilities places increasing numbers of people and places at risk from an accident involving radioactive material. Fortunately, such accidents are infrequent. Unfortunately, this rarity often results in very limited hospital and physician interest and awareness. The incident at the nuclear facility at Three Mile Island (TMI) in Pennsylvania, USA, has demonstrated that despite its rarity, a radiation accident may not only occur, but occur on a scale large enough to require more than the radiation accident protocol which each hospital is required to have. There is a need, therefore, for the incorporation of radiation accidents into disaster planning and triage systems. We address the considerations to be made in planning an emergency medical system's response to a large radiation accident. We describe the application of a triage team in such a plan.
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Cacayan, Edmelyn B., Shayne R. Babaran, and Romella Mendez Tuppal. "Life After Surviving Vehicular Accident: A Phenomenological Inquiry." Health Notions 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/hn41103.

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Worldwide, one of the leading causes of death and injuries are motor vehicle accidents. This study was conducted to explore motor vehicle accident victims’ experiences after vehicular accident in an attempt to further understand the phenomenon. It is important to know the effects of the accident to the life of survivors in order to make a specific intervention to their specific needs. A qualitative phenomenological design is used, using semi-structured, in depth face to face interviews to elicit accounts of vehicular accident survivors. Findings revealed that driving under influence of alcohol, over speeding, slippery road, and first time driving are some of the causes of accident. Five of the respondents had experienced disturbing thoughts, and some of them had dreams of the accident were happening again. Six of the respondents were afraid that it will happen again when something or someone reminded them of the accident or when seeing the place where they experienced the accident. The result of this study will help and assist health professionals in developing a plan of care to victims of vehicular accidents regardless of severity to have psychological assistance to avoid future problems such as recurrent thoughts, sleep disturbances and others. Keyword: vehicular accident; victim
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6

Dirnbach, Igor, Tibor Kubjatko, Eduard Kolla, Ján Ondruš, and Željko Šarić. "Methodology Designed to Evaluate Accidents at Intersection Crossings with Respect to Forensic Purposes and Transport Sustainability." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051972.

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Currently, there are quite a lot of incorrect procedures and mistakes that occur in the forensic area, which lacks analytical approaches toward solving the causes of accidents using s–t diagrams (distance–time diagrams) combined with the software simulation applications. When analyzing accidents, the correct information is of key importance. The aim of this article is to define a new specific technical and analytical approach toward handling expert’s reports on traffic accidents in road transport at intersections, with respect to the traffic lights. A simulation program application is used as a progressive means of accident evaluation. This procedure must become a standard in the methods of modern traffic accident analysis. The application of this methodology with simulation tools for accident reconstruction enables one to perform a very precise analysis of traffic accidents. Mutual space and time relationships of vehicles’ movements have been evaluated here, depending upon the intersection signal plan. To demonstrate the methodology, a real case is used here, reconstructed by means of the complex analytical simulation software PC-Crash. A procedure processed by these means can be beneficial for forensic traffic accident analysis.
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7

Shratter, L. A. "Addendum to the radiation accident management plan." RadioGraphics 15, no. 2 (March 1995): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.15.2.7761645.

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8

Groth, Katrina M., Matthew R. Denman, Michael C. Darling, Thomas B. Jones, and George F. Luger. "Building and using dynamic risk-informed diagnosis procedures for complex system accidents." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 234, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x18803836.

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Accidents pose unique challenges for operating crews in complex systems such as nuclear power plants, presenting limitations in plant status information and lack of detailed monitoring, diagnosis, and response planning support. Advances in severe accident simulation and dynamic probabilistic risk assessment provide an opportunity to garner detailed insight into accident scenarios. In this article, we demonstrate how to build and use a framework which leverages dynamic probabilistic risk assessment, simulation, and dynamic Bayesian networks to provide real-time monitoring and diagnostic support for severe accidents in a nuclear power plant. We use general purpose modeling technology, the dynamic Bayesian network, and adapt it for risk management of complex engineering systems. This article presents a prototype model for monitoring and diagnosing system states associated with loss of flow and transient overpower accidents in a generic sodium fast reactor. We discuss using this framework to create a risk-informed accident management framework called Safely Managing Accidental Reactor Transients procedures. This represents a new application of risk assessment, expanding probabilistic risk assessment techniques beyond static decision support into dynamic, real-time models which support accident diagnosis and management.
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9

SASAYA, Keiji, Masao FURUSHO, Yoshiji YANO, and Takahiro TAKEMOTO. "Status and Issue of Mariners Accident Prevention Plan." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 124 (2011): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.124.211.

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10

Aggarwal, Amita, and Sukhpal Kaur. "Sociodemographic Profile of Road Traffic Accident Victims admitted at Emergency Surgical OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 46, no. 1 (2012): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1005.

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ABSTRACT Objective To assess sociodemographic profile of roadside accident victims. Materials and methods Using purposive sampling technique 100 patients were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire consisting of personal identification data, personal habits and details related to occurrence of accident was used to collect the data. Results More than half subjects (59%) were in age group of 20 to 40 years with mean age being 36.5 years ± 14.2. Majority of the accident victims (84%) were male. More than half (67%) belonged to Hindu religion, educated up to secondary level (65%), were married (54%) and were rural habitants (54%). Twenty-six percent of subjects had the history of drinking alcohol. Out of these 15 subjects (57.7%) had consumed alcohol at the time of accident. Sixty-eight percent were driving two wheeler; only 27% were wearing protective equipment (helmet/seat belt) at the time of accident. Approximately one-third (39%) had 6 to 15 years of driving experience. Half (51%) of the accidents occurred in evening hours and on Saturday and Sunday. Conclusion The present study reflects that there is need to plan strategies to decrease risk of accidents and inculcate healthy driving habits in the vulnerable citizens. How to cite this article Aggarwal A, Kaur S, Dhillon MS. Sociodemographic Profile of Road Traffic Accident Victims Admitted at Emergency Surgical OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):15-18.
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11

McMahon, C. A., V. Smith, K. Leonard, and R. Ryan. "The Irish approach to postaccident preparedness." Annals of the ICRP 47, no. 3-4 (May 1, 2018): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146645318756822.

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Ireland does not have any nuclear installations, but a nuclear accident at a site elsewhere, particularly in Europe, could result in widespread but low-level contamination of the Irish environment. Ireland’s National Emergency Plan for Nuclear Accidents was established, following the Chernobyl accident, for the national response to a nuclear accident abroad affecting Ireland. It has since been extended to also cover domestic radiological emergencies for which a national-level input is required to support the local response. This paper describes the approach taken to developing and maintaining arrangements for a nuclear accident abroad. The use of hazard assessments to prioritise resource use and planned protective actions, and the specifics of Ireland’s situation in terms of location, governance, economy, and available resources have heavily influenced the preparedness arrangements. In particular, the importance of the ingestion pathway to projected doses, together with the significance of agricultural exports to the Irish economy, has had a key influence on the arrangements in place.
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Shin, Yoon Seok, and Gwang Hee Kim. "Study on Spending for Safety Management Cost in Korean Construction Sites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1228.

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While safety in the construction industry has been acknowledged as an important issue, there has yet to be a decrease in the number of disasters. For this reason, to manage and control construction disasters, a study should be conducted on the distribution and use of money allocated to safety management at construction sites. Thus, through an analysis of the current state of safety management cost, a distribution plan was sought, by accident type. In this study, the current state of accidents and safety management cost of four construction sites were analyzed. In the findings of this study, it was found that crash accidents, which have been reported as the accident type most frequently occurring, can be cut by increasing the safety facility cost for the prevention of crashes by more than 50 percent
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Wang, Zhiru, Ran S. Bhamra, Min Wang, Han Xie, and Lili Yang. "Critical Hazards Identification and Prevention of Cascading Escalator Accidents at Metro Rail Transit Stations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 3400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103400.

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Escalator accidents not only happen frequently but also have cascading effects. The purpose of this study is to block the formation of cascading accident networks by identifying and preventing critical hazards. A modified five-step task-driven method (FTDM) is proposed to break down passenger-related cascading escalator accidents. Three complex network parameters in complex network theory are utilized to identify critical and non-critical Risk Passenger Behavior (RPB) hazards and Other Hazards related with Risk Passenger Behavior (OH-RPB) in accident chains. A total of 327 accidents that occurred in the Beijing metro rail transit (MRT) stations were used for case studies. The results are consistent in critical and non-critical RPB and OH-RPB and prove that through combination of FTDM accident investigation model and complex network analysis method, critical and non-critical RPB and OH-RPB in a complicated cascading hazards network can be identified. Prevention of critical RPB can block the formation of cascading accident networks. The method not only can be used by safety manager to make the corresponding preventive measures according to the results in daily management but also the findings can guide the allocation of limited preventive resources to critical hazards rather than non-critical hazards. Moreover, the defects of management plan and product design can be re-examined according to the research results.
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de Lima Valverde, Nelson José. "Management of Persons Internally Contaminated with Radionuclides." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 5, no. 4 (December 1990): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00027126.

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AbstractAspects of internal contamination with radionuclides are reviewed. The possible association of this kind of accident with radiation and conventional accidents is addressed. The most important mishaps in the initial diagnosis, the need for prompt treatment, and a well-prepared plan to cope with radioisotopes at the workplace are discussed. The metabolic behavior and specific treatment for radionuclide contamination is reported.
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Im, Soo Bin, Yu Ri Kim, Sang Chul Kim, Sang Oh Shim, and Seong Woo Choi. "Improving Safety Management Efficiency in Large-Scaled Construction Company through Questionnaire Survey." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.941.

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Construction industry is accident-prone industry with high percentage of occupational accidents against total number of employees, to prevent safety accident, a lot of safety management system has been developed and applied to construction industry, a safety manger’s time to inspect the construction site has rather decreased due to increase in burden of administrative work for safety management. As a result, there was a doubt on the efficiency of intensified safety management activities. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate current safety management activities and propose a more practical and efficient management plan after analyzing strengths and weaknesses so far through a questionnaire survey.
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Nagrebelna, Liydmila. "LINEAR ANALYSIS AS THE BEST METHOD OF DETECTION DANGEROUS ROAD SECTIONS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 2 (258) ’ 2019 (June 27, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-2-258-50-56.

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The main factors affecting road safety are outlined. The main methods of road accident analysis are presented, which will allow accurate determination of areas of high danger. By distributing road traffic accidents along the length of the road, it is possible to identify such areas and areas where road conditions have a dominant influence on the emergence of accidents, which is important in planning measures to improve traffic safety. It is proved that the effectiveness of the result depends on the precisely defined areas where first of all it is necessary to implement measures to improve road safety. It is completely impossible to predict the occurrence of traffic accidents because many different factors influence them. These factors relate both to traffic conditions on the motorway and to the impact of the traffic flow itself, a separate vehicle, a human factor, weather conditions etc. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive approach in solving a complex problem is increasing road safety. The purpose of this article is to: reduce the number of accidents and their victims on the highways of Ukraine by means of the priority implementation of measures to improve road conditions and improve the organization of traffic on highway sections of high danger identified by the results of linear analysis of accidents. Linear accident analysis provides an opportunity not only to effectively and reasonably plan events, but also to evaluate the outcome of their implementation. Reducing the number of traffic accidents and their victims in highway sections of high danger identified by the results of linear accident analysis is the best method for creating safe traffic conditions. Purposeful financing of measures aimed primarily at eliminating the most dangerous in terms of accident rate of road sections and the main risk factors of an accident will allow to reduce the number of accidents and the severity of their consequences. Keywords: road safety, linear analysis, methods of analysis.
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Tang, Zhao, Yinyu Nie, Jian Chang, Jianjun Zhang, and Fengjia Liu. "Photo-based automatic 3D reconstruction of train accident scenes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716662089.

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Railway accidents place significant demands on the resources of, and support from, railway emergency management departments. Once an accident occurs, an efficient incident rescue plan needs to be delivered as early as possible to minimise the loss of life and property. However, in the railway sector, most relevant departments currently face a challenge in drawing up a rescue scheme effectively and accurately with the insufficient information collected from the scene of a train accident. To assist with the rescue planning, we propose a framework which can rapidly and automatically construct a 3D virtual scene of a train accident by utilising photos of the accident spot. The framework uses a hybrid 3D reconstruction method to extract the position and pose information of the carriages involved in an accident. It adopts a geographic information system and a 3D visualisation engine to model and display the landscapes and buildings at the site of a train accident. In order to assess and validate our prototype, we quantitatively evaluate our main algorithm and demonstrate the usage of our technology with two case studies including a simulated scene with an in-lab setting and a real train derailment scene from on-site pictures. The results of both are accountable with high accuracy and represent the ability of timely modelling and visualisation of a train accident scene.
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Sagir, Zeynep, and Ertugrul Tacgin. "The evaluation of common contemporary occupational accident models using two accident investigations." International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293) 2, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v2i4.229.

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The purpose of this paper is to compare three contemporary accident causation models, namely the Swiss Cheese, HFACS, and Fu (2018) Model-based on two accidents existing in the literature. The accidents reviewed are a mine explosion accident and an electrical plant accident. In this way, the validity of the models can be evaluated and weaknesses and strengths revealed. This study discussed the advantages and possible limitations of these models, and according to this discussion, all these models include human and organizational factors and have been found scientific and systematic. According to the results, Fu (2018) and HFACS are more modern, since they were developed based on Swiss Cheese. The product of this research will be a recommendation for safety investigators and accident inspectors which way to turn when choosing the most applicable accident analysis method
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Park, Jong-Cheol, and Il-Sik Jang. "Effective improvement plan for Missing Accident Response of Police." Korean Police Studies Review 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38084/2018.17.3.3.

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WORTHY, WARD. "Chemical Firm Helps Test Accident Plan for Hazardous Spills." Chemical & Engineering News 64, no. 24 (June 16, 1986): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n024.p018.

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Zhou, Ying, Feng Li, Xixiao Liu, and Wen Jiang. "Study on evaluation of emergency plan for production accident." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 304 (September 18, 2019): 042074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/304/4/042074.

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LEE, MAL-REY, HEAI-JO KANG, and TAE EUN KIM. "MULTIMEDIA EXPERT SYSTEM FOR A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT DIAGNOSIS USING A FUZZY INFERENCE METHOD." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 13, no. 03 (September 2004): 691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213004001740.

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The huge and complicated plants such as nuclear power stations are likely to cause the operators to make mistakes due to a variety of inexplicable reasons and symptoms in case of emergency. That's why the prevention system assisting the operators is being developed for. First of all, I suggest an improved fuzzy diagnosis. Secondly, I want to demonstrate that a classification system of nuclear plant's accident investigating the causes of accidents foresees possible problems, and maintains the reliability of the diagnostic reports in spite of improper working in part. In the event of emergency in a nuclear plant, a lot of operational steps enable the operators to find out what caused the problems based on an emergent operating plan. Our system is able to classify their types within twenty to thirty seconds. As so, we expect the system to put down the accidents right after the rapid detection of the damage control-method concerned.
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Baltierra, Santiago Osnaya. "Diagnóstico semiótico de un crucero peligroso en la Ciudad de México." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 4 (August 23, 2021): 5333–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n4-028.

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El presente trabajo emerge en el marco del Decenio para la Seguridad Vial (DSV) 2011-2020 propuesto por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (WHO, 2011). México fue uno de los países que se adhirió al programa, debido al alto número de siniestros de tránsito registrados anualmente. En el DSV se propone un plan de acciones para reducir el índice de accidentes viales en el mundo, las cuales están integradas en cuatro grupos (pilares) a saber, pilar uno “Gestión de la seguridad vial”, pilar dos “Vías de tránsito y movilidad más segura, pilar tres “Vehículos más seguros”, pilar cuatro “Usuarios de vías de tránsito más seguras” y pilar cinco “Respuestas tras los accidentes”. La investigación que aquí se ofrece, obedece al pilar dos, y de manera específica, al apartado de proyectos de investigación que permitan evaluar posibles mejoras en materia de seguridad dirigida a los usuarios más vulnerables en las vialidades. En este contexto, la indagación busca identificar desde un enfoque semiótico las causas que pueden ocasionar un accidente de tránsito en un crucero vial, en el que se observe una relación directa entre los dispositivos para el control de tránsito (señales) y los peatones. Con el fin de interpretar, comprender y explicar dicho fenómeno, para con ello proponer soluciones que mitiguen la problemática. This work arises from the Decade for Road Safety (DSV) 2011-2020 proposed by the United Nations (WHO: 2011). Mexico was one of the countries where this program was introduced, because of the high number of traffic accidents recorded annually. The DOV proposes a plan of actions to reduce the global road accident rate, which are integrated into four groups (pillars), pillar one "Road safety management", pillar two "Safer roads and mobility", pillar three "Safer vehicles", pillar four "Safer road users" and pillar five "Post-crash responses". Thus, the research offered here, refers to pillar two, and more specifically, to the section on research projects in order to evaluate possible improvements in the area of safety for the most vulnerable road users. In this context, the research seeks to identify from a semiotic approach the causes that can lead to a traffic accident at a crossroads, in which a direct relationship between traffic control devices (signs) and pedestrians can be observed. In order to interpret, understand and explain this phenomenon and propose solutions to mitigate the problem.
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Suwandechochai, Rawee, and Wasin Padungwech. "Heuristic Algorithms for Surveyor Standby Location Planning with Multiple Plans." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 14 (January 15, 2021): 1154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2020.14.143.

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This paper concerns a location problem which arises from an auto insurance company which aims to meet customers’ satisfaction by sending their surveyors to accident locations as promptly as possible. The goal of the problem is to find a suitable set of locations at which the surveyors stand by and to determine coverage area for each standby location by using heuristic algorithms. One challenge of this problem is that the number and locations of accidents can vary from time to time and may not be evenly distributed over a given time horizon. In this paper, a computational study is conducted to make a comparison between standby location planning strategies that involve one and two plans. For the strategies with two plans, several strategies for deciding when to switch between the plans are investigated. Experimental studies suggest that using multiple standby location plan throughout the time horizon can improve the efficiency of surveyors in terms of their total distance. Moreover, compared with usual rules of splitting dates such as weekdays versus weekends, the total distance can be reduced by switching between the location plans according to classification of dates by k-means clustering based on historical data of accident frequencies on each day.
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Huh, Da-An, Eun-Hae Huh, Sang-Hoon Byeon, Jong-Ryeul Sohn, and Kyong Whan Moon. "Development of Accident Probability Index Using Surrogate Indicators of Chemical Accidents in Chemical Plants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 3271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183271.

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To reduce damage caused by chemical accidents, it is important to establish a prevention system for chemical accidents. The first step in the prevention of chemical accidents is to screen the high-risk chemical plants. Risk index, one of the screening methods, can indirectly estimate the risk at each chemical plant. For calculating the risk index, the probability of an accident needs to be estimated, which requires complex calculation and confidential data from plants that are difficult to obtain. Therefore, we developed a new index, the accident probability index, to estimate accident probability in chemical plants using readily accessible data. We conducted a literature survey on the existing risk indices and interviewed chemical experts and government chemical managers to select surrogate indicators related to chemical accidents, and four indicators were chosen: hazardous characteristics of chemicals, handling volume, records of accident frequency, and national accident frequency of chemicals. We calculated the accident probability index for 4520 chemical plants, and index value means was 5.324 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.156, 7.493). An increase by 10 in the index value denoted a 1.06-fold (95% CI: 1.04, 1.08) increase in the odds ratio for actual accident occurrence. The accident frequency of the fourth quartile of the index value was 4.30 times (95% CI: 1.72, 10.75) higher than those of the first quartile.
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Ballamudi, Koteswara Rao. "Road Accident Analysis and Prediction using Machine Learning Algorithmic Approaches." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v6i2.529.

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Ongoing studies have anticipated that in 2030, car crashes will be the fifth driving reason for death around the world. The main cause of car crashes is difficult to decide these days because of a complex mix of qualities like the mental condition of the driver, road conditions, climate conditions, traffic, and infringement of traffic rules to give some examples. The expenses of fatalities and driver wounds because of car crashes incredibly influence the general public. The use of machine learning methods in the field of road accidents is picking up speed nowadays. The organization of machine learning classifiers has swapped conventional data mining methods for creating higher outcomes and exactness. This work presents a review of different existing businesses related to accident prediction utilizing the machine learning area. Wounds because of road accidents are one of the most pervasive reasons for death separated from health-related issues. The investigation of road accident seriousness was finished by running an accident dataset through a few machine learning arrangement calculations to see which model played out the best in characterizing the accidents into severity classes, for example, slight, extreme, and fatal. It was seen that calculated relapse to perform multilevel order gave the most noteworthy exactness score. It was additionally seen that variables, for example, the number of vehicles, lighting conditions, and road highlights assumed a part in deciding the seriousness of the accident. Engineers and analysts in the car business have attempted to plan and manufacture more secure vehicles, yet auto collisions are unavoidable. Examples associated with hazardous accidents could be identified by building up a prediction model that naturally orders the sort of injury severity of different traffic accidents. These social and roadway designs are valuable in the improvement of traffic security control strategies. Significantly, estimates be founded on logical and target reviews of the reasons for accidents and the seriousness of injuries. This paper presents a few models to predict the seriousness of the injury that happened during traffic accidents utilizing machine-learning paradigms. We considered networks prepared to utilize machine learning methods. Analysis results uncover that among the machine learning ideal models considered different standards paradigm approaches.
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Becerra, Victor M., Vineet Vajpayee, Nils Bausch, T. V. Santhosh, Gopika Vinod, and Jiamei Deng. "Estimation of Radioactivity Release Activity Using Non-Linear Kalman Filter-Based Estimation Techniques." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2020): 3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153985.

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The estimation of radioactivity release following an accident in a nuclear power plant is crucial due to its short and long-term impacts on the surrounding population and the environment. In the case of any accidental release, the activity needs to be estimated quickly and reliably to effectively plan a rapid emergency response and design an appropriate evacuation strategy. The accurate prediction of incurred dose rate during normal or accident scenario is another important aspect. In this article, three different non-linear estimation techniques, extended Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter, and cubature Kalman filter are proposed in order to estimate release activity and to improve the prediction of dose rates. Radionuclide release rate, average wind speed, and height of release are estimated using the dose rate monitors data collected in proximity of the release point. Further, the estimates are employed to improve the prediction of dose rates. The atmospheric dispersion phenomenon of radioactivity release is modelled using the Gaussian plume model. The Gaussian plume model is then employed for the calculation of dose rates. A variety of atmospheric and accident related scenarios for single source and multiple sources are studied in order to assess the efficacy of the proposed filters. Statistical measures have been used in order to validate the performance of the proposed approaches.
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Hedelin, Annika, Per Örtenwall, Per-Olof Ortgren, and Louis Riddez. "KAMEDO Report No. 80 Train Accident in England, 1999." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 2 (April 2006): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00003496.

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AbstractThe train crash that occurred in London in 1999 resulted in 31 dead and almost 300 injured persons. Mobilized resources allowed for the application of normal treatment principles. Available resources were in excess of what was needed. The procedures implemented were judged as adequate. Responses followed the management plan formulated over many years and experiences. The rotating command procedures used worked well. Multiple communications systems were used, including landline telephones, mobile telephones, and radios. Plans should include caring for both adults and children. Well-planned psychosocial services and functional compute services are essential components.
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Yamashita, Shigeshi, Kodo Ito, Sho Kawakami, and Truong Dinh Anh Khoa. "Optimal Education Plan of Employees Using Maintenance Model." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 6, no. 4 (July 18, 2021): 1009–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2021.6.4.059.

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The employee education is indispensable for companies to improve productive efficiency and product quality. In general, the employee education is divided into two types, i.e., On-job trainings and Off-job ones, and Off-job trainings are divided into two types, i.e., compulsory educations and non-compulsory ones. Compulsory educations such as safety program and compliance education, are necessary to maintain daily production without any accidents. Although all employees of a department and a division gather in a classroom annually in conventional compulsory educations, daily e-learning education complements and strengthens conventional compulsory ones today because employees forget what they learn by annual learning. In past studies, the logit model is used for modeling the influence from education receipt to its memory condition and quantitative relationship between the effect of traffic safety education and the accident-related human-errors was clarified. The effectiveness of the safety driving educational program was indicated by Structural Equation Modelling method. In this paper, an annual compulsory which is complemented and strengthened by e-learning, is discussed. The expected cost rate of education is expressed using imperfect maintenance models and optimal policies which minimizes it is considered. Although we use the exponential function which denotes the occurrence probability of accidents which are caused by forgetting lessons, the actual occurrence probability which is approximated from the actual data would be a complicated one. For solving such complex optimization problems, metaheuristic methods can be applied.
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Zhu, Rongchen, Xin Li, Xiaofeng Hu, and Deshui Hu. "Risk Analysis of Chemical Plant Explosion Accidents Based on Bayesian Network." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010137.

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Many chemical plant explosion accidents occur along with the development of the chemical industry. Meanwhile, the interaction and influence of various factors significantly increase the uncertainty of the evolution process of such accidents. This paper presents a framework to dynamically evaluate chemical plant explosion accidents. We propose twelve nodes to represent accident evolution and establish a Bayesian network model for chemical plant explosion accidents, combining historical data with expert experience to support the prevention, management, and real-time warning. Hypothetical scenarios and catastrophic explosion scenarios were analyzed by setting different combinations of states for nodes. Moreover, the impacts of factors such as factory type, material form, accident equipment, the emergency response on casualty and property loss are evaluated. We find that sensitivity of property loss and casualties to factory type and ongoing work are less significant; the equipment factors result in more casualties than that from personnel factors; the impact of emergency response on the accident results is significant; equipment safety management and personnel safety training are the most important measures to prevent chemical plant explosion risks.
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31

Xie, Hua, Yan Ying Xu, Xu Zhang, and Jian Chen. "Study on Emergency Evacuation in the Subway Fire Accidents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1033.

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The fire accident is a substantial risk in the subway due to the complexity of the underground construction confined space, which can cause a large number of human fatalities. Therefore, some effort should be made to promote the public security in subway fire accidents. Among of them, the establishment of emergency evacuation plan is very important in fire safety design and should be paid enough attention because it can provide beneficial help to life safety. The evacuation strategy including the evacuation route and evacuation safety zone are detailedly discussed in this paper, which lays the foundation for future studies of safe evacuation in the subway fire accidents.
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Choi, A.-Young, Sin-Woong Choi, Chang Gyu Woo, and Dong-Hun Han. "Risk Analysis of Waterway Pipes in Rapid Flow Areas using CFD Simulations." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.70cf0feb.

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In this study, the validity of the theoretical model was examined by applying a CFD model and comparing the results of the existing theoretical equations for predicting the flow velocity inside and outside water pipes, and the dangers around the water pipes in the torrent area in relation to the recent fatal accidents of firefighters was analyzed. The CFD simulation was performed using the commercial analysis program ANSYS R1; the actual accident site was measured and simplified. The flow velocity was measured four times faster inside the canal pipe than the outside, and the results were used to suggest a plan to prevent disaster relief activities and safety accidents.
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33

Habeler, R., G. Pfaringer, W. Hoerbst, and G. Kroesen. "Precautionary Hospital Plan for Mastering Extreme Numbers of Accident Victims." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 12, S1 (September 1997): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0004680x.

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34

Yoo, Byungtae, and Myonghwan Moon. "Development of Emergency Response Plan for Chemical Accident Using ALOHA Program: Focusing on Evacuation Plan." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 18, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2018.18.3.311.

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35

Abdulmajeed Alamri, Tarek M. Esmael, Sami Fawzy, Hany Hosny, Saleh Attawi, Ahmed Asiri, and Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar. "A study on Private Car Accidents." International Journal of Novel Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijntps.v11i1.1409.

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In this study, road traffic injury (RTI) was defined as any injury resulting from a road traffic accident irrespective of severity and outcome. Road traffic accident (RTA) was defined as any crash on the road involving at least one moving vehicle, irrespective of it resulting in an injury. This could include collision with a vehicle or any non`moving object while driving/riding a vehicle, collision with a moving vehicle while walking/running/standing/ sitting on the road, or fall from a moving vehicle. The burden of road traffic accidents (RTA) is a leading cause of all trauma admissions in hospitals worldwide. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to victims, their families, and to nations as a whole. These losses arise from the cost of treatment (including rehabilitation and incident investigation) as well as reduced/lost productivity (e.g. in wages) for those killed or disabled by their injuries and for family members who need to take time off work (or school) to care for the injured. Road traffic fatality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the highest, accounts for 4.7% of all mortalities. Road injuries also are reported to be the most serious in this country, with an accident to injury ratio of 8:6. In this study, we try to focus on some causes of the accidents in KSA, so we can implement the prevention plan.
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36

Ma, Xin, Wei He, Chao Ding, and Yong Jiang. "Numerical Study on the Fire Development Process of Typical Power Plant Multi-Floor Compartment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.354.

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About frequently happened fire accidents in Power stations, an actual compartment fire accident in one room on 3nd floor was studied numerically with software FDS 5.3.0/SMV 5.3.10 in this article. According to the results of simulation, we investigated the different radiant heat flux parameters, burning losses under different heat release rates and rising rates. The developing process of fuel combustion was analyzed. Also, we compared the simulation results with the actual smoke trace and burning rates in fire accidents. It shows the numerical modeling software FDS is a reliable tool to analyze the power plant fire accident caused by casually placed inflammable objects in single room. It provides an applied valuable good way for the fire accident research in power plant.
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37

Kim, Sora, Kihyun Park, Byung-Il Min, Byung-Mo Yang, Jiyoon Kim, and Kyung-Suk Suh. "ASSESSMENT OF RADIOLOGICAL DOSES FOR PEOPLE LIVING IN KOREA FOLLOWING ACCIDENTAL RELEASES OF RADIONUCLIDES FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN KOREA AND CHINA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncy183.

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Abstract Accidentally released radionuclides are dispersed into the environment and cause human exposure through various pathways. Concerns about radiological impacts of a possible Nuclear power plant (NPP) accident in neighboring countries, especially in China, are increasing in Korea. Dose assessments for the hypothetical nuclear accidents in Korea (Hanbit and Wolsong NPPs) and China (Tianwan NPP) were conducted using the developed Korean code system. The results show that there is a possibility that a Tianwan NPP accident could have a slightly greater or similar impact on certain parts of Korea compared to accidents occurring at domestic NPPs, and could affect Korea within a few days of the accident. This research is expected to be used as basic material for preparing against nuclear accidents in neighboring countries.
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38

Liu, De Wen, Jian Xun Zheng, Zhi Ke Chen, and Liang Kun Liu. "Analysis of the Safety of Nuclear Power Plants." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.692.

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Nuclear energy is a carbon-free, clean and efficient energy. It is very important in the progress of human civilization and modern development of the world, however, there are still some problems such as nuclear leak and nuclear waste. In this paper, the worlds nuclear energy utilization and nuclear power plant constructions are reviewed and plans are forecasted. The basic reason of previous nuclear power plant accidents in history is summarized. Taking 2011 Tohuku earthquake-fukushima nuclear power station accident as an example,threats to the nuclear power plant by earthquake are investigated and impacts on social, economic and ecological environment caused by nuclear power station accident are analyzed. This paper drew lessons from previous accidents and put forward a variety of countermeasures which are from both the technical and management aspects. We also appeal people all over the world to respect the nature, enjoy the nature, and to create and enjoy the new civilization of human beings.
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39

Shahani, Comila. "Industrial Accidents: Does Age Matter?" Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 5 (September 1987): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100516.

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This study examined the relationship between risk of accident involvement and the aging process. It was predicted that the relationships between age and accident frequency and severity would differ depending upon job context. The study also examined the extent to which progressive selection was a factor. 7,131 accidents that occurred over a five year span in a large Southwestern petrochemical facility were analyzed. In addition, information about age and employment history was obtained for the 3,015 employees at this plant. There were no differences in the proportions of employees in different age groups across job families indicating progressive selection was not a factor in this workforce. Younger workers had higher overall accident rates than older employees; but there were few differences between them in the proportion of severe accidents incurred. The relationship between age and accident frequency and severity did not differ across job families (except in the oldest age group, where the accident frequency rate declined for two of the five job families).
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40

Sun, Ning, Ke Gai, Qingling Guo, Zhenhua Li, and Zhanjun Chen. "Analysis and Improvement of Emergency Mechanism for Hazardous Chemicals Accidents in Qingyang City." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016505006.

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In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, the dangerous chemicals enterprises in Qingyang City have also expanded and developed rapidly. The development of hazardous chemicals enterprises is increasing, the factors of instability are increasing, and the frequency of accidents involving hazardous chemicals is also increasing. While hazardous chemicals companies bring benefits, they also bring a serious threat to human life, health and property security. As a city with more dangerous chemicals companies, Qingyang has many potential safety hazards. In order to cope with many pressures, the Qingyang Municipal Government is vigorously carrying out safety production inspection and emergency mechanism construction in the hazardous chemicals industry. This paper analyzes the problems and deficiencies in the emergency management mechanism of Qingyang City from the aspects of accident prevention and early warning, emergency response, emergency plan preparation and emergency drill, which are mainly reflected in the weak foundation of accident early warning, imperfect laws and regulations, and weak awareness of public participation in emergency management. Finally, through the analysis of the existing problems and deficiencies, the emergency mechanism of Qingyang dangerous chemicals accident is improved.
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41

Zou, Shuliang, Na Liu, and Binhai Huang. "Study on Airborne Radionuclide Dispersion in Floating Nuclear Power Plant under the Loss-of-Coolant Accident." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2021 (September 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1299821.

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Floating nuclear power plant is a kind of nuclear power plant on a barge moored specifically in an area of the sea. In order to study the factors influencing airborne radionuclide dispersion induced by the loss-of-coolant accident in floating nuclear power plant, the floating nuclear power plant platform was taken as the research object, and the dispersion of airborne radionuclide under combined conditions of platform positions, wind directions, and break directions (north, south, west, and east) was simulated by the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method. The results show that northern and southern breaks have less dangerous island area than western and eastern ones but have more platform dangerous area than the western and eastern ones. The risk of the southern break is the greatest, and that of the western break is the least. Rotating the floating nuclear power plant platform in a certain angle can reduce the damage of loss-of-coolant accident. The effects of the dose received by the personnel under the condition of the severe accident were evaluated based on previous research, showing that the inhalation effective dose and the effective dose of plume immersion exposure were less than the radiation dose limit of 0.25 Sv within two hours in the accident. The results of the study can provide reference for the design of floating nuclear power plant platform and the formulation of emergency plan.
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42

Longwell, Timothy R., and Dennis L. Lynch. "Colorado Logging Accidents: 1984-1988. Is it Safe in the Woods?" Western Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/5.4.132.

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Abstract The number of logging accidents in Colorado during 1984-1988 contributed to escalating workers' compensation rates creating economic stress in the industry. This study was designed to help both industry and agency personnel identify who was having accidents, why accidents were occurring, and how much the accidents cost. The study concluded that 60% of the accidents occurred to persons employed for fewer than 6 months. The jobs with the highest accident frequencies were chainsaw operators (68%), equipment operators (12%), and truck drivers (10%). Timber falling and limbing were the most hazardous activities, with 35% and 23% of the accidents respectively. Falling tops, snags, or dead branches and chainsaw kickback were the leading injury agents in the felling and limbing operation. Use of protective equipment and formal safety training were, for the most part, absent during this period. Medical and compensation costs were not highly correlated with accident severity. Accident costs directly increase harvesting costs and may decrease the amount paid for stumpage. West J. Appl. For. 5(4):00-00.
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43

Chen, Hai Ying, Shao Wei Wang, Yan Chen, Bing Lan, and Chun Ming Zhang. "Research Methods of Severe Accident Source Term for Nuclear Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1916.

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Source term is an important input parameter for evaluation of the radiological consequences in the severe accident and can affect the level of emergency response. The research methods of severe accident source term mainly include numerical simulation and experiments inside and outside reactor. The simulation and experiment research progress of the severe accident source term and the results were discussed, mainly including the migration and release behavior of radioactive nuclides in severe accidents, their existing forms and distribution, the effect of engineering measures on the radioactive source term, the sensitivity analysis of parameters, model verification, etc. Finally, the problems needed to be solved in the severe accident source term research currently were proposed, which could be used to provide reference for the further research.
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44

Kalibatiene, D., A. Burmakova, and V. Smelov. "On Knowledge-Based Forecasting Approach for Predicting the Effects of Oil Spills on the Ground." Digital Transformation, no. 4 (January 7, 2021): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.38086/2522-9613-2020-4-44-56.

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The oil industry carries enormous environmental risks and can cause consequences at different levels: water, air, soil, and, therefore, all living things on our planet. In this regard, forecasting the environmental consequences of oil spill accidents becomes relevant. Moreover, forecasting of oil spill accidents can be used to quickly assess the consequences of an accident that has already occurred, as well as to develop a plan of operational measures to eliminate possible accidents, facilities under construction, associated with the transportation, storage or processing of petroleum products. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to present a knowledge-based approach and its implementing system for forecasting the consequences of an accidental oil spills on the ground and groundwater. The novelty of the proposed approach is that it allows us to forecast the oil spill in a complex and systematic way. It consists of components for modelling geological environment (i.e., geological layers, oil spill form, the oil migration with groundwater), forecasting component for an oil spill and pollution mitigation component. Moreover, the forecasting component is based on experts’ knowledge on oil spill. In addition, the paper presents a general architecture for the implementation of the proposed knowledge-based approach and its implementation into a prototype named SoS-Ground.
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45

Jocelyn, Sabrina, Mohamed-Salah Ouali, and Yuvin Chinniah. "Improving Machinery-Related Risk Identification and Estimation with Accident Reporting and Logical Analysis of Data." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601903.

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Continually managing occupational risks is the cornerstone of any prevention program. ISO 12100:2010 defines risk in the field of safety of machinery as the combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm. The means available to help with risk identification present the hazards isolated from one another. Moreover, estimation of probability is a recurrent problem. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a method using logical analysis of data to generate patterns from belt-conveyorrelated accident investigation reports. The patterns represent accident scenarios involving combinations of hazards and risk factors. The probabilities of the patterns are estimated to establish a hierarchy of prevention measures that will be part of a prevention action plan. Updating data from accident reports impacts risk estimation, thus entailing adjustment of the prevention action plan.
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46

Liu, Yuanyuan, and Toshiyuki Kaneda. "Using Agent-based Simulation for Safety: Fact-finding about a crowd accident to improve public space design." Collective Dynamics 5 (August 12, 2020): A88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/cd.2020.88.

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With the growing city density and large gatherings happening all over the world, crowd safety has become a new topic. This research discusses how to diagnosis and improve crowd safety in urban public space by analysing a real crowd accident that happened in Shanghai in 2014 using an agent-based simulator. Fact-finding analysis shows that insufficient capacity of the whole area, density difference in bottleneck stairs and lack of separation measurements in front of bottleneck stairs are the main causes of the accident. According to the media query towards the original space plan, we made two alternative plans in the bottleneck area and tested their performances.
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47

Yan, Longhao, Ping Wang, Jingwen Yang, Yu Hu, Yu Han, and Junfeng Yao. "Refined Path Planning for Emergency Rescue Vehicles on Congested Urban Arterial Roads via Reinforcement Learning Approach." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (August 31, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8772688.

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Fast road emergency response can minimize the losses caused by traffic accidents. However, emergency rescue on urban arterial roads is faced with the high probability of congestion caused by accidents, which makes the planning of rescue path complicated. This paper proposes a refined path planning method for emergency rescue vehicles on congested urban arterial roads during traffic accidents. Firstly, a rescue path planning environment for emergency vehicles on congested urban arterial roads based on the Markov decision process is established, which focuses on the architecture of arterial roads, taking the traffic efficiency and vehicle queue length into consideration of path planning; then, the prioritized experience replay deep Q-network (PERDQN) reinforcement learning algorithm is used for path planning under different traffic control schemes. The proposed method is tested on the section of East Youyi Road in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. The results show that compared with the traditional shortest path method, the rescue route planned by PERDQN reduces the arrival time to the accident site by 67.1%, and the queue length at upstream of the accident point is shortened by 16.3%, which shows that the proposed method is capable to plan the rescue path for emergency vehicles in urban arterial roads with congestion, shorten the arrival time, and reduce the vehicle queue length caused by accidents.
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48

Domnikov, V., O. Dybach, T. Kilochytska, S. Kondratiev, I. Kutina, L. Kutina, A. Nosovsky, N. Rybalka, V. Skliarenko, and T. Sushko. "Shelter – from Sarcophagus to New Safe Confinement." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 1(69) (February 17, 2016): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2016.1(69).06.

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In the frameworks of the international Action Plan for the Chornobyl Shelter, the experts analyzed experience in safety regulation of the efforts on overcoming consequences of the accident that occurred 30 years ago at ChNPP-4 and presented achievements under this Plan.
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49

Ping, Gao, Zhang Luyan, and Fu Gui. "Safety Evaluation of Urban Large Scale Sewage Treatment Plant." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (October 27, 2015): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010906.

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In recent years, accidents of urban large scale sewage treatment plant at home and abroad have took a big loss to countries and individuals. Based on field research and scientific analysis of one large sewage treatment plant this paper use the safety check list to evaluate its safety and get that the main risk factors which should be focused on are poisoning and suffocation, electrical injuries, fire and explosion. Using accident tree method to analyze electrical equipment accidents we know that in order to prevent electric shock accident first is to use the safety equipment and control leakage events due to dirty and wet.
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Lu, Yunmeng, Tiantian Wang, and Tiezhong Liu. "Bayesian Network-Based Risk Analysis of Chemical Plant Explosion Accidents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 5364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155364.

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The chemical industry has made great contributions to the national economy, but frequent chemical plant explosion accidents (CPEAs) have also caused heavy property losses and casualties, as the CPEA is the result of interaction of many related risk factors, leading to uncertainty in the evolution of the accident. To systematically excavate and analyze the underlying causes of accidents, this paper first integrates emergency elements in the frame of orbit intersection theory and proposes 14 nodes to represent the evolution path of the accident. Then, combined with historical data and expert experience, a Bayesian network (BN) model of CPEAs was established. Through scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis, the interaction between factors and the impact of the factors on accident consequences was evaluated. It is found that the direct factors have the most obvious influence on the accident consequences, and the unsafe conditions contribute more than the unsafe behaviors. Furthermore, considering the factor chain, the management factors, especially safety education and training, are the key link of the accident that affects unsafe behaviors and unsafe conditions. Moreover, effective government emergency response has played a more prominent role in controlling environmental pollution. In addition, the complex network relationship between elements is presented in a sensitivity index matrix, and we extracted three important risk transmission paths from it. The research provides support for enterprises to formulate comprehensive safety production management strategies and control key factors in the risk transmission path to reduce CPEA risks.
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