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Journal articles on the topic 'Planar antenna'
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1
RameshBabu, Dr K. "CPWG Fed with Octagonal Patch Antenna." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 2086–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35313.
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A Co planner Wave Guide (CPWG) fed with octagonal patch antenna is modified from their respective rectangular patch are presented for WLAN application. The dielectric material applied in the design process for both co planar and micro strip patch antenna is FR4 Epoxy Glass, which has relative permittivity of 4.4 and substrate height 1.6mm. Antenna parameters used to check the performance. A comparison is made between the octagonal co-planar antenna and octagonal micro strip antenna available. Ansys HFSS is used for antenna design and analysis. Both designed antennas are suitable for wireless local area network application and the design parameters of the antenna are optimized to resonate at 3GHz frequencies for WLAN applications. It has been found that octagonal micro strip patch antennas have lower return loss and are more directive than co planar patch antenna. High directivity of octagonal micro strip antenna is due to the presence of ground plane under the substrate of antenna. The results obtained by simulations have also shown that octagonal co planar patch antennas have high radiation efficiency (a measure of the power radiated through the antenna as an electromagnetic wave to the power fed to the antenna terminals) and which implies a wider bandwidth as compared to an octagonal micro strip patch antennas. The radiation efficiency obtained for micro strip patch antenna is 24% and that for co planar patch antenna is 67%, the directivity for micro strip patch antenna is 3.75 dB and that for a co-planar patch antenna is 3.25 dB.
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Ma'rifah, Puteri Nurul, Erfan Rohadi, Indrazno Siradjuddin, and Mochammad Junus. "Related Reviews: Multiband Planar Inverted Antenna for Mobile Communication." International Journal of Frontier Technology and Engineering 1, no. 01 (2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/ijfte.v1i01.386.
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Research in the field of planar inverted antennas with multiband frequencies is currently being developed. Due to the hugely increased number of mobile users, at least every time a new generation is released, a mobile communication system is released with additional features. All additional features of a mobile communication system require an antenna that resonates over a specific frequency spectrum range, meaning multiple antennas are required in a single mobile device to function across all generations for all frequency spectrums. To reduce the number of antennas on a mobile communication system device, it is necessary to design a new type of antenna that operates in a different frequency range. The inverted planar multiband antenna is designed to have changing sizes, shapes, and material properties. Types of inverted planar antennas include planar inverted-L antennas (PILA) and planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA). After analysis, the antenna designed by Juan Zhang et al. is the best solution for mobile communication systems. The designed antenna has compact antenna dimensions and four frequency bands that can be applied to N1/N78/N79 5G and 5.8 GHz WLAN. The antenna has a high gain of almost 5dB in the 5.60–7.00 GHz frequency range. They also claim that the antenna has a beam efficiency of four very high-frequency antenna points and a small side lobe that appears only at the top at the highest frequency point. But unfortunately, the antenna cannot cover the entire frequency range that must exist in a mobile communication system
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Kumar, Ravi, Anchal Garg, Heli Shah, and Bhupinder Kaur. "Survey on performance parameters of planar microwave antennas." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 31, Spl Volume (2023): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v31spl.017.
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Planar antennas, which include microstrip antennas and printed circuit board antennas, are used in telecommunications. This study aims to provide an overview of microstrip antennas for diverse applications. Microstrip patch antenna design is a new study topic that has been established for usage in 5th-generation communication applications. An antenna is a group of connected devices that serve as a single antenna to broadcast or receive radio waves. Antennas come in a variety of designs and sizes. The paper discusses several printed microstrip antenna designs, such as rectangular to circular, broadband, dual-band, millimeter-wave and microstrip arrays. The microstrip patch is an antenna layout that is lightweight, low-profile, and results-oriented. Microstrip patch antennas may be employed in various 6G communication system applications in the future. This paper examines antenna geometric structures, antenna analysis methodologies, antenna dimensions and many different types of antennas. It will also go over the substrate materials, loss tangent, thickness, return loss, bandwidth, voltage-standing-wave-ratio (VSWR), gain, and directivity so that an optimized antenna can be designed and fabricated having excellent characteristics for use in modern applications by the promising academic researchers in the near future.
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Mo, Lingfei, and Chenyang Li. "Double Loop Inductive Feed Patch Antenna Design for Antimetal UHF RFID Tag." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (March 21, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2917619.
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Planar UHF RFID antimetal tag can be widely used for the metallic products or packages with metal material inside. A double loop inductive feed planar patch antenna is proposed for UHF RFID tag mounted on metallic objects. Compared to conventional microstrip antennas or PIFA antennas used for UHF RFID tags, the double loop inductive feed patch antenna has a planar structure, with no short via or short wall, which could decrease the manufacturing cost of the tags. The double loop inductive feed structure also increases the radiation performance of the planar antenna. Moreover, the double loop inductive feed structure makes the impedance of the patch antenna be tuned easily for conjugate impedance matching.
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Mao, Yanfei, Shiju E, Yu Zhang, and Wen-cheng Lai. "A 24 GHz End-Fire Rod Antenna Based on a Substrate Integrated Waveguide." Sensors 25, no. 5 (2025): 1636. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051636.
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Most of the traditional rod antennas in the literature are in the shape of a cylinder or are conical, which are not suitable shapes for planar PCB technology or planar integrated CMOS or BiCMOS technology. In this paper, we present a 24 GHz planar end-fire rod antenna based on an SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) suitable for planar PCB technology or planar integrated circuit technology. The antenna is made of PCB Rogers 4350 and utilizes the SIW to realize the end-fire rod antenna. The measurement results of the antenna are presented: its gain is 8.55 dB and its S11 bandwidth is 6.2 GHz. This kind of planar end-fire rod antenna possesses the characteristics of high gain, wide bandwidth, compactness, and simple design and structure. This type of antenna can also be used as a PCB antenna in other frequency bands, and it could also possibly be utilized in mm-wave and THz integrated antenna design in the future due to its very simple architecture.
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Zheng Tung, Lau, Ghafour Amouzed Mahdiraji, and Lee Chia Ping. "Comparative Study between Planar and Bent Antenna Characterization." MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815203002.
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Smaller designs of antenna usually implemented on Wi-Fi modules or navigation system devices which requires smaller bandwidth such as Planar Antenna. There are some antenna application requires bent antenna such as wearable UWB antenna but the substrate used will have some defects after bending and crumpling from time to time. What if the planar antenna is designed that it can be bent and the bending affects the impedance matching and shift in resonant frequency? So, this research aims to achieve the limitation of the planar antenna to be bent at certain angle and given frequency range (1-8 GHz). The planar antenna is designed in the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Software and the proposed antenna is then bend in the simulation software. The analysis of comparative evaluation for both planar and bent antenna is carried out on different characteristics such as evaluation between S-Parameters & Frequency and evaluation between Voltage Standing Wavelength Ratio (VSWR) & Frequency. The behaviour of radiation pattern for both antennas can also be obtained in the CST simulation.
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ALAM, SYAH, INDRA SURJATI, YULI KURNIA NINGSIH, et al. "Antena Mikrostrip MIMO dengan Teknik Planar Series Array 4x2 elemen untuk Sistem Komunikasi 5G." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 12, no. 2 (2024): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v12i2.441.
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ABSTRAKMakalah ini mengusulkan antena mikrostrip dengan dengan performansi tinggi yang beroperasi pada frekuensi resonansi 3,5 GHz untuk sistem komunikasi 5G. Antena dikembangkan dalam dengan teknik array planar seri 4x2 elemen yang dikonfigurasi MIMO. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, antena yang dirancang memiliki koefisien refleksi <= -10 dB, koefisien isolasi <= -40 dB dengan rentang frekuensi 3.1 GHz – 3,7 GHz dan gain maksimum sebesar 12,52 dB pada frekuensi resonansi 3,5 GHz. Bandwidth dan penguatan antena masing-masing meningkat sebesar 172.72% dan 160.83 %. Penelitian ini dapat direkomendasikan untuk digunakan sebagai antena penerima sistem komunikasi 5G.Kata kunci: antena, array, mikrostrip, MIMO, planar, 5G ABSTRACTThis article suggests a microstrip antenna with high performance, designed to operate at the resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz in 5G communication systems. The antenna is developed in a MIMO-configured 4x2 element series planar array technique. Based on measurement results, the proposed antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient of <= -10 dB, an isolation coefficient of <= -40 dB, within the frequency range 3.1 – 3.7 GHz and maximum gain of 12.52 dB at the resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz. The antenna's bandwidth and gain enhanced until 172.72% and 160.83%, respectively. This study suggests the potential use of the developed antenna as a reception device in 5G communication systems.Keywords: antenna, array, microstrip, MIMO, planar, 5G
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Zhu, Junli, Mengfei Chen, Ziting Li, and Jingping Liu. "A Compact Planar Ultra-Wideband Array Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (October 10, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1339236.
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Ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas have recently gained prominence in communication, radar technology, and electronic warfare domains. The quick development of these antennas is due to the wide bandwidth requirements of pulse radar, ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic compatibility, spaceborne communication systems, stealth target detection, and more. Aiming to address the defects of existing UWB antennas, which often have narrow bandwidth and low gain, a planar ultra-wideband microstrip array antenna was designed to achieve good ultra-wideband characteristics and effectively improve the gain of the antenna. The initial bandwidth of the rectangular monopole antenna was 10 GHz–20 GHz. After loading multiple steps on the monopole patch, the bandwidth was increased to between 10 and 38 GHz. Using the new ultra-wideband array method that combines series feed and angle feed and the defective ground structure (DGS), the array maintains the ultrawide bandwidth span of 10–38 GHz of the array element, and the maximum gain of the antenna in the bandwidth was increased from 5.18 dBi to 9.55 dBi. The challenge of impedance matching of antenna units in ultra-wideband is resolved by the novel array technique, which also increases the antenna’s gain within the bandwidth. The antenna simulation is consistent with the measurement results. With its extensive operating frequency band, high gain, compactness, and favorable radiation attributes, this newly designed antenna holds significant promise for application in UWB radar systems.
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Habeeb Bello, Khalid Idris Nazifi, and Sanusi Mohammed Sadiq. "Investigation and design methods of a compact patch antennas using 3-D MMIC for various applications." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 15, no. 3 (2023): 096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2023.15.3.0109.
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This work focused on the design, characterization and investigation of GaAs based multi-layered compact 3D MMIC based antenna. Different patch antennas were designed and characterized along with its S-parameters. Two proposed models of multi-layered patch antenna using V-shaped feeder line and planar feeder line with a spiral transmission line in metal-2 were more compact in size and showed an improvement in performance based on bandwidth compared to the traditional planar feeder line configuration. This implies the proposed planar feed line with the spiral transmission is cost effective. The newly propose planar antenna with a spiral transmission feeder line is 49% more compact in area compared to using the normal planar feeder line. The new design also has wider bandwidth with a bandwidth of 2.99% as compared to the traditional planar with a bandwidth of 1.93%, better input return loss and a slightly lower resonance frequency. Similarly, another multilayer patch antenna was proposed using a V-shaped feeder line, This V-shaped feeder line antenna model showed a much lower resonance frequency (36.50 GHz) compared to normal planar (38.92GHz) and the planar with spiral transmission line model (38.52 GHz).
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Habeeb, Bello, Idris Nazifi Khalid, and Mohammed Sadiq Sanusi. "Investigation and design methods of a compact patch antennas using 3-D MMIC for various applications." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 15, no. 3 (2023): 096–106. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8285312.
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This work focused on the design, characterization and investigation of GaAs based multi-layered compact 3D MMIC based antenna. Different patch antennas were designed and characterized along with its S-parameters. Two proposed models of multi-layered patch antenna using V-shaped feeder line and planar feeder line with a spiral transmission line in metal-2 were more compact in size and showed an improvement in performance based on bandwidth compared to the traditional planar feeder line configuration. This implies the proposed planar feed line with the spiral transmission is cost effective. The newly propose planar antenna with a spiral transmission feeder line is 49% more compact in area compared to using the normal planar feeder line. The new design also has wider bandwidth with a bandwidth of 2.99% as compared to the traditional planar with a bandwidth of 1.93%, better input return loss and a slightly lower resonance frequency. Similarly, another multilayer patch antenna was proposed using a V-shaped feeder line, This V-shaped feeder line antenna model showed a much lower resonance frequency (36.50 GHz) compared to normal planar (38.92GHz) and the planar with spiral transmission line model (38.52 GHz).
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Verma, Akhilesh, and Raghava Nallanthighal Srinivasa. "Beam Splitting Planar Inverted F Antenna For 5G Communication." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 6 (2021): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.17072.
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A planar inverted-F antenna with symmetrical split beams and loaded with radio frequency absorbers (here Eccosorb MCS) for 5G communication is proposed. The multi-beam antennas reduce the requirement of number of antennas and provide wide coverage. But they require a complex system such as a phased array or MIMO antennas. On the other hand, multi-beam antennas do not have such requirements. In this work, we propose a PIFA antenna which achieves multi-beam behaviour by six slabs of absorbers placed periodically between the PIFA patch and substrate to split the beams into two directions at +26°. The proposed antenna obtains a frequency band of 24.2- 25.7 GHz and achieves a high gain of approximately 10 dB at +26°. The performance of the proposed antenna is suitable for G communication. All simulations of the antenna are carried out using Ansys HFSS. The design was validated by simulations and later confirmed with measurements.
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Kate, Meenal, and Anjana Goen. "Comparison and Performance Evaluation on Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Application." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 4, no. 3 (2016): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.040304.
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This paper present a comparative study between two works proposed for microstrip patch antenna dual band operations. The comparison is made between a dual-band planar antenna with a compact radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications and a printed circular microstrip patch antenna with a four rectangular shape strip and co planar rectangular ground plane antenna. The comparative analysis between these two antennas consist of following parameters such as dimensions, bandwidth, gain, return loss, directivity etc.
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Lahiani, Mohamed Aziz, Zbyněk Raida, Jiří Veselý, and Jana Olivová. "Pre-Design of Multi-Band Planar Antennas by Artificial Neural Networks." Electronics 12, no. 6 (2023): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061345.
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In this communication, artificial neural networks are used to estimate the initial structure of a multiband planar antenna. The neural networks are trained on a set of selected normalized multiband antennas characterized by time-efficient modal analysis with limited accuracy. Using the Deep Learning Toolbox in Matlab, several types of neural networks have been created and trained on the sample planar multiband antennas. In the neural network learning process, suitable network types were selected for the design of these antennas. The trained networks, depending on the desired operating bands, will select the appropriate antenna geometry. This is further optimized using Newton’s method in HFSS. The use of the neural pre-design concept speeds up and simplifies the design of multiband planar antennas. The findings presented in this paper will be used to refine and accelerate the design of planar multiband antennas.
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Dușa, Sabin, Claudia Constantinescu, Adina Giurgiuman, Sergiu Andreica, Razvan Gliga, and Claudia Pacurar. "The influence of the dielectric material on the planar antennas’ parameters." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1320, no. 1 (2024): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1320/1/012003.
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Abstract Patch antennas made in planar electromagnetic technology have found applicability in the last few years in a varied range of fields, but predominantly in wireless communications and telecommunications. This type of antenna is popular due to their reduced dimensions, their ease of manufacture and adaptability to integration into various devices. In this paper the design of a compact antenna operating under 6 GHz, for use in 5G applications, is proposed. For this purpose, a planar monopole antenna with two arms, fed by a coplanar microstrip line, printed on different types of dielectric substrates was numerically modelled and constructed and the influence of the dielectric material on the antenna parameters was analysed in order to further design some array and MIMO (multiple input – multiple output) antennas. The parameters considered to be studied to reach some optimum structures operating at high performances were the S parameters, directivity and gain. For this purpose, four sets of planar monopole antennas were designed and modelled using a commercial software used for high frequency analysis. The results of the numerical analysis were validated also through experimental measurements.
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Yao, Yuan, Xing Wang, and Junsheng Yu. "Multiband Planar Monopole Antenna for LTE MIMO Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/890705.
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A novel multiband-printed planar monopole antenna for LTE multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) application is proposed. A meandering microstrip line-loaded monopole antenna with multiband characteristic is presented. The proposed antenna provides five frequency bands for LTE application, covering 0.7, 1.7, 2.1, 2.3, and 2.5 GHz. In order to provide low mutual coupling and envelope correlation, two of the antennas are combined with orthogonal polarizations. The mutual coupling of the antenna is lower than −13 dB across the operation bands. Both the simulated and measured results are shown to illustrate the performances of the proposed antenna.
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R., Shantha Selva Kumari, Guruarchana V., and Guruatchaya V. "Efficient High Gain Elliptically Polarized Phased MIMO Antenna." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 22 (December 31, 2023): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23204.2023.22.21.
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A phased MIMO antenna with a coaxial feed is designed to operate in the electromagnetic spectrum with the frequency range of 8 GHz to 12 GHz, which resonates at 9 GHz, is used in military and satellite communication. The ability of phased MIMO antennas to change the form and orientation of the radiation pattern without constantly moving the antenna is unique. The proposed approach can also improve radiation efficiency by maximizing array unit size. To validate the proposed method, an elliptical polarization phased antenna has been constructed as a planar array. A 2 to 2 planar dual polarized MIMO antenna is intended to improve the efficiency. The obtained return loss for 2x2 planar MIMO is -19.34 dB. The proposed 2x2 MIMO antenna is projected on a teflon material with dielectric constant of 2.25 and the thickness of the substrate is 7mm. The efficiency for two port MIMO antenna is 97.7%.
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Hassan, Emadeldeen, Denys Martynenko, Eddie Wadbro, Gunter Fischer, and Martin Berggren. "Compact Differential-Fed Planar Filtering Antennas." Electronics 8, no. 11 (2019): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111241.
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This paper proposes novel low-profile differential-fed planar antennas with embedded sharp frequency selectively. The antennas are compact and easy to integrate with differential devices without matching baluns. The antenna design is formulated as a topology optimization problem, where requirements on impedance bandwidth, directivity, and filtering are used as the design objectives. The optimized antennas operate over the frequency band 6.0–8.5 GHz. The antennas have reflection coefficients below −15 dB, cross-polarization levels below −42 dB, a maximum gain of 6.0 ± 0.5 dB, and a uniform directivity over more than 130° beamwidth angle in the frequency band of interest. In addition, the antennas exhibit sharp roll-off between the operational band and frequencies around the 5.8 GHz WiFi band and the 10 GHz X-band. One antenna has been fabricated with a good match between simulation and measurement results.
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Romadhon, Rifki Hari, and Muhammad Prakarsa Riadi. "Design and Simulation Microstrip Antenna Monopole for K Band Frequency." SMARTICS Journal 9, no. 2 (2023): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/smartics.v9i2.8300.
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Planar monopole antennas continue to hold promise for advancement in communication systems for a variety of uses. This study will discuss a planar monopole antenna using Rogers substrate (εr) = 2.2 × 10−12 F·m−1. There are several important parameters studied in relation to antenna performance, including VSWR and Gain. Dimensions Ls (1mm,2mm,3mm,4mm) and Ws (0.5mm,1mm,1.5mm,2mm) to determine the Gain and VSWR of the suggested antenna, are variously associated with wavelength. As a consequence, the antenna with the lowest VSWR 1.67 was created from the four Ls and Ws trials. The point with the lowest VSWR operates at a resonant frequency of 22.74 GHz with a return loss of -12.23dB and gains up to 4.65dB. From the results of the VSWR, it can be concluded that the planar monopole antenna can work well because it has a VSWR value of < 2. From the above result it can be concluded that the planar monopole antenna can work well in the application of low orbit satellite communication or K Band Frequency. Index Terms— Antenna microstrip; Gain; K Band Frequency; Return Loss; VSWR
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Lee, Doojin. "Metasurface cloaks for decoupling electromagnetic interference within highly dense areas." AIP Advances 13, no. 4 (2023): 045111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0141212.
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This paper presents the results of intensive investigations of electromagnetic interference caused primarily by closely arranged antennas within subwavelength distance; potential applications involve the principle of scattering cancellation. A cloaked planar monopole antenna (CPMA) is newly proposed in this work. The performance of the CPMA is compared with that of a bare planar monopole antenna. Numerical simulations with the two antenna types were conducted, and various configurations with the potential for practical applications in the industrial and defense sectors were tested.
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Yin, Ruowei, and Zhipeng Wu. "Investigation of Planar Isolators for Mutual Coupling Reduction in Two-Dimensional Microstrip Antenna Arrays." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (July 25, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8865793.
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The design of isolators to reduce mutual coupling in large two-dimensional antenna arrays is complex and requires significant computational effort. This work attempts to alleviate this problem by applying different types of planar isolators in different orientations and experimenting first with two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A U-shaped planar transmission line isolator, a U-shaped planar transmission line-based destructive ground structure, and a planar neutralization line structure are designed to reduce E-plane or H-plane coupling in two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A mutual coupling reduction of approximately 6 dB is achieved. Four combinations of these planar isolators are compared and analyzed in a four-element microstrip antenna array. An optimal combination is then obtained by using two reversely placed U-shaped line isolators, which reduce the mutual coupling by more than 6.1 dB. The study is also extended to a 5 × 5 antenna array. Similar results of mutual coupling reduction are obtained. In addition to simulation, both two-element and 25-element microstrip antennas have been constructed and tested. The agreement of the simulation results with the measured results confirms the effectiveness of the decoupling structures.
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Constantinescu, Claudia, Claudia Pacurar, Adina Giurgiuman, Calin Munteanu, Sergiu Andreica, and Marian Gliga. "High Gain Improved Planar Yagi Uda Antenna for 2.4 GHz Applications and Its Influence on Human Tissues." Applied Sciences 13, no. 11 (2023): 6678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116678.
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Considering the technological enhancements nowadays, antennas tend to be smaller in order to be easily integrated in devices. The most used antennas today in small high-tech devices close to the human body are planar antennas. In this paper, a Yagi Uda planar antenna operating at a frequency of 2.4 GHz is HF analyzed and optimized by increasing its bandwidth and gain while maintaining its initial dimensions. The methods used to optimize the antenna’s operation are the use of different dielectrics, different numbers of directors, and different dimensions for directors, placing new conductor elements, all while keeping the same dimensions for its implementation on the planar device. The optimized structure of the planar Yagi Uda antenna has a 10% increase in bandwidth and a 30% increase in gain, reaching a peak value of 4.84 dBi. In our daily activities, we use devices with such antennas very often, so an analysis of the antenna’s influence on the human body is performed: the SAR, electric and magnetic field and radiation power density are determined, represented and reported to the standards in force. For the frequency considered, the SAR should be below 4 W/kg for the head/torso when the exposure is more than six minutes, which is a value exceeded by the antenna in its near vicinity. The calculated maximum electric field limit is 0.349 V/m and the maximum magnetic field value is 28.441 V/m for an exposure between 6 and 30 min values, which is also exceeded in the immediate vicinity of the antenna. The results allow us to suggest that such an antenna should be placed further from the human body, or some protection should be placed between the body and the antenna. From the radiation power density point of view for the modeled antenna, it can be said that a distance from the antenna greater than 0.5 m is considered to be safe.
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Le, Minh Thuy, Quoc Cuong Nguyen, and Tan Phu Vuong. "Design of High-Gain and Beam Steering Antennas Using a New Planar Folded-Line Metamaterial Structure." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/302580.
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In the last few years, there has been growing interest in employing metamaterials (MTMs) to enhance antenna gain. In this paper we proposed a novel structure of planar folded-line left-handed metamaterial (FL-LHM) and applied it to improve the gain of three 5.8 GHz microstrip antenna types: a circularly polarized patch antenna, an antenna array, and a beam steering antenna. The planar FL-LHM structure was designed based on transmission line analysis. Their scattering parameters were obtained using a numerical model; the negative effective permittivity and permeability were then calculated from these parameters for the assessment of negative refraction index region. The S11and radiation patterns of three fabricated antennas were measured; these results matched well with the simulation. We observed that the gain was increased up to 3 dBi for all the antennas. In addition, we were also able to maintain the circular polarization as well as the steering of the antenna without changing its dimensions.
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Dewan, Raimi, Nuradilah Yusri, and Maheza Irna Mohamad Salim. "Reduced-size Biocompatible Implantable Planar Inverted F- Antenna." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, no. 3 (2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n3.399.
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The existence of implantable antennas presents intrinsic challenges as the performance of the antenna degrades due to the high losses of body tissues. In this study, a reduced-size Planar Inverted F- Antenna (PIFA) operating at Industrial, Scientific Medical (ISM) band (2.4 GHz) is designed and optimized. The design of PIFA is modeled to study and analyze the effect on the implantable antenna by placing it within the human body model, particularly in the arm. Copper is used as the patch material and the ground layer of the proposed antenna with Rogers RO3210 as its substrates. The simulation was carried within the human fat layer which is sandwich between the skin dan muscle layer. The design optimization of the antenna for operation in a human fat layer with optimal performance was achieved by reducing the size of the antenna. The antenna exhibits good stability with the reflection coefficient, S11 ≤ -10 dB at 2.4 GHz suitable for WBAN application in the environment of the human fat layer for near field communication. Analysis performance of the antenna was conducted by the transient movement of the antenna position due to the antenna being prone to movement when it is implanted within the body. The transient movement analysis is done when the implantable antenna is moving toward the skin layer and toward the muscle layer from the initial position within the fat layer. Additionally, 1 mm, 2 mm, interface of the layer and when the antenna within another tissue layer has been set to examine the performance of the implantable antenna. Correspondingly, simulation results indicate the impact of the human body layer due to the electrical properties of the human body in terms of conductivities, permittivity, and thicknesses of the layers. This has shown the design optimization of the antenna satisfies all requirements for an implantable antenna, such as small size of 5.08 × 4.00 × 0.66 (), biocompatible, low reflection coefficient of -42 dB at 2.4 GHz, realized gain of -18 dBi suitable for near field communication, and acceptable performance in fat layer. Future work will expand on conducting Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) to study the high attenuation of the radiated power of the human body on implanted antennas for the safety reason to bring in real life where it is being performed and examined.
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Medrar, Kossaila, Loic Marnat, and Laurent Dussopt. "Planar discrete lens antenna integrated on dielectric substrate for millimeter-wave transceiver module." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 1 (2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717001416.
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A novel topology of high-gain millimeter-wave antenna compatible with substrate integration is presented. The antenna is composed of a planar discrete lens laid on top of a core dielectric, while the planar focal source is assembled on the bottom side. The antenna can be fabricated as a single, robust and compact module using standard low-cost PCB technologies, and is compatible with IC integration such as a transceiver circuit for fully integrated millimeter-wave front-end modules. The proposed architecture is studied with two compact V-band antennas (32 mm × 32 mm × 13.2 mm). The main design rules are demonstrated for unit cells, focal source, and planar lens at V-band. Promising performances in terms of gain (17.6 and 20.4 dBi), aperture efficiency (14 and 26%), and fractional 3-dB gain bandwidth (17 and 18%) are obtained experimentally for the two considered compact antennas.
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Luo, Guo Qing, Tian Yang Wang, and Xiao Hong Zhang. "Review of Low Profile Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity Backed Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/746920.
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Low profile cavity backed antennas (CBA) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology presented in published papers have been reviewed in this paper. Their operating mechanisms have been discussed and methods for improving the performance, such as bandwidth enhancement, size reduction, and gain improvement, have been presented. These novel antennas retain the advantage of conventional metallic cavity backed antenna, including high gain, high front-to-back ratio, and low cross polarization level, and also keep the advantages of planar antenna including low profile, light weight, low fabrication cost, and easy integration with planar circuit.
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Liu, Qimeng, Renbin Zhong, Boli Xu, et al. "Terahertz Reconfigurable Planar Graphene Hybrid Yagi–Uda Antenna." Nanomaterials 15, no. 7 (2025): 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15070488.
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In this paper, we design a frequency reconfigurable antenna for terahertz communication. The antenna is based on a Yagi design, with the main radiating elements being a pair of dipole antennas printed on the top and bottom of a dielectric substrate, respectively. The director and reflector elements give the antenna end-fire characteristics. The ends of the two arms of the dipole are constructed by staggered metal and graphene parasitic patches. By utilizing the effect of gate voltage on the conductivity of graphene, the equivalent length of the dipole antenna arms are altered and thereby adjust the antenna’s operating frequency. The proposed reconfigurable hybrid Yagi–Uda antenna can operate in five frequency bands separately at a peak gain of 4.53 dB. This reconfigurable antenna can meet the diverse requirements of the system without changing its structure and can reduce the size and cost while improving the performance.
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P., Pavithra, Sriram A., and Kalimuthu K. "Compact planar ultrawideband MIMO antenna for wireless applications." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) 8, no. 3 (2019): 243–50. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i3.pp243-250.
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A compact microstrip fed printed monopole MIMO antenna with ultrawideband (UWB) frequency response (S<sub>11</sub>< -10 dB for 3.1-10.6 GHz) is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna is miniaturized and has a high isolation of > 23 dB between the ports compared to the existing UWB multiinput multi output (MIMO) antennas in the literature. The proposed antenna is built on FR4 substrate with thickness of 1.6 mm using all-digital single chip architecture and it is planar in geometry to be easily integrated with the other electronic components in the printed circuit board (PCB). The UWBMIMO antenna is analyzed using simulation and measurements and its performance is investigated. The antenna is extremely useful for low power short range communications and it provides high multipath immunity due to diversity.
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Czerwiński, Maciej, and Mateusz Pasternak. "Use of 3D printing technology for planar antenna constructions." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 69, no. 1 (2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2799.
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The applicability of 3D print technologies for manufacturing of planar antenna substrates having tailored permittivity was considered in the work. The permittivity is known as a parameter that has strong influence on the planar antennae key parameters. The application of 3D print gives the possibility of changing this parameter in the range between its value for air up to the value for homogeneous solid material. The change can be achieved through the change of the filament material and the way of 3D print pattern. The preliminary results of simulations and measurements show that the idea of printing of planar antennae substrate may be interesting alternative from a design engineering point of view. Keywords: electronic materials, planar antennae substrates, 3D print applications
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Jiao, Sheng Cai, and Wen Zhou Sun. "A High Efficiency Multi-Band Antenna for Mobile Communication Devices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.809.
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In this paper, we present a compact high-efficiency multi-band micro strip antenna for the mobile devices. At the same time, because most of antennas are located near the ground planar, the proposed antenna is designed with a ground planar. The antenna occupies a small size of 100*60mm2 and operates in CDMA(824-894MHz),GSM(880-960MHz), DCS(1710-1880),PCS(1850-1990),UMTS(1920-2170) and 3G band. By using a long slot, two trapezoid slots and a short slot, a triple resonance around 900MHz and another wideband resonance around 2100MHz can be created, respectively. Details of the antenna design are described , and its radiation performances results are presented and discussed. Keywords-Multi-band antenna;; mobile communication devices; hige-efficency
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Pavithra, P., A. Sriram, and K. Kalimuthu. "Compact planar ultrawideband MIMO antenna for wireless applications." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 8, no. 3 (2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i3.pp243-250.
Full textAbstract:
<p>A compact microstrip fed printed monopole MIMO antenna with ultrawideband (UWB) frequency response (S11&lt; -10 dB for 3.1-10.6 GHz) is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna is miniaturized and has a high isolation of &gt; 23 dB between the ports compared to the existing UWB multiinput multi output (MIMO) antennas in the literature. The proposed antenna is built on FR4 substrate with thickness of 1.6 mm using all-digital single chip architecture and it is planar in geometry to be easily integrated with the other electronic components in the printed circuit board (PCB). The UWBMIMO antenna is analyzed using simulation and measurements and its performance is investigated. The antenna is extremely useful for low power short range communications and it provides high multipath immunity due to diversity.</p>
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Heydarov, Ibrahim, and Deniss Brodnevs. "Experimental Evaluation of the Shadowing of a Planar Antenna Caused by a Quadcopter Frame." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 16, no. 1 (2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2020-0006.
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AbstractThe use of mobile data transfer can significantly increase the range of the remote-controlled operation of multirotor aerial vehicles. The planar antennas of ready-to-use 3G/LTE cellular communication dongles provide a low-cost and lightweight communication solution. In this paper, antenna shadowing caused by a quadcopter frame is experimentally investigated. The communication module is a 3G/LTE “Huawei 3372h” dongle with two planar built-in antennas and a receiver diversity function. The quadcopter frame is a widely used “F450” with Nylon arms and a PCB centre. It has been found that in order to minimize the antenna shadowing effect, planar antennas should be installed at the bottom of the frame, in parallel with the frame, with an air gap not less than the distance to the outer boundary of the reactive Near Field (NF).
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Deng, Li, and Shu Fang Li. "Miniaturization of a Wide-Band Planar Spiral Antenna by Adding Vias." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.459.79.
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A simple technique to reduce the lateral size of the wide-band planar spiral antenna is presented. It is implemented by dividing the conventional spiral patch into a different number of segments and placing them on different sides of the microwave substrate with vias as the connections. Two rectangle spiral shaped planar spiral antennas were fabricated and measured to demonstrate the capability of lowering the initial resonant frequency by adding connecting vias. According to results, the initial resonant frequency of the proposed antenna has been shifted from 2.4GHz to 1.6GHz; in other words, the antenna size can be reduced to 56%, approximately
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Gainutdinov, Timur A., and Vadim G. Kocherzhewskiy. "THE OUTDOOR PLANAR ANTENNA ARRAY BOOSTER MOBILE INTERNET 3G/4G." T-Comm 15, no. 5 (2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-5-22-28.
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Internet antennas-busters are one of the most common antennas of suburban subscriber stations of broadband radio access systems. In many ways, the speed of information transmission in such systems limits the signal level provided by the base station in the entire operating band of the Internet signal. Since the antenna located on the wall of the house is stationary, it can be made relatively large, which allows you to implement a higher gain and accordingly increase the signal level on the router. At the same time, the market for such antennas is quite saturated with a wide variety of antenna designs, but due to the increase in the number of people working in remote mode and the expected transition to mobile communication systems 5G, it still continues to develop rapidly. The paper proposes a new design of the transceiver mobile Internet antenna-buster, whose main advantage is absolute imperceptibility when installed outdoors. We consider a planar in-phase 8-element antenna array installed on the window glass of a suburban building. As the individual emitters of the lattice are encouraged to use a planar wave dipoles. A feeding scheme for the antenna array on flat two-wire lines has been developed, which provides in-phase and almost equal amplitude excitation of all array elements of the array. Calculations of antenna radiation patterns in the range of 1700-2700 MHz are given. It is shown that the developed antenna has a gain of 8-9 dB in the range of 1700-2100 MHz and 10-12 dB in the range of 2400-2700 MHz. These values are practically not inferior to similar indicators of known collinear antenna arrays and in the upper part of the work range, they have a gain of 1-2 dB compared to their analogs. A planar array matching scheme has been developed that provides a VSWR of about 2.5 in the range of 1700-2100 MHz and no worse than 2 in the range of 2400-2700 MHz. Variants of constructing planar antenna arrays with broadband emitters that provide similar matching without the use of additional matching devices are presented.
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NURMANTRIS, DWI ANDI, HEROE WIJANTO, and BAMBANG SETIA NUGROHO. "Optimasi Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Bercelah Melingkar menggunakan Algoritma Genetika." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, no. 1 (2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i1.111.
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ABSTRAK
 
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan suatu desain pattern reconfigurable antenna dengan menitikberatkan pada optimasi antena planar berbentuk lingkaran dengan 24 switch berupa shorting pin pada tepi patch dan menambahkan celah melingkar pada patchnya sebagai metode penyepadan impedansi. Algoritma Genetika digunakan sebagai metode optimasi antena sedangkan Finite Element method digunakan sebagai metode komputasi untuk mendapatkan nilai parameter antena ketika proses evaluasi fungsi fitness. Keduanya dikolaborasikan untuk mendapatkan suatu desain antena yang mempunyai kemampuan pattern reconfigurable. Hasilnya diperoleh suatu desain antena pada frekuensi 2,4 Ghz dengan 24 pola pancar yang bisa di switch ke seluruh bidang azzimuth dimana semua pola pancar didesain pada arah elevasi 45o.
 
 Kata kunci: optimasi, celah melingkar, algoritma genetika, pattern reconfigurable antenna
 
 
 ABSTRACT
 
 This research aims to obtain a reconfigurable antenna pattern design with emphasize on the optimization of a planar circular antenna with 24 switchs on the edge of the patch and add a slit ring in the patch as a impedance matching method. Genetic Algorithm is used as an antenna optimization method while the The Finite Element method is used as a computational method to obtain the antenna parameters value when evaluating the fitness function. Both collaborated to obtain an antenna design that has the pattern reconfigurable ability. The result is 2,4 Ghz antenna design with 24 radiation patterns that can be switched to all azzimuth plane where all are designed in 45o of elevation plane.
 
 Keywords: optimization, slit ring, genetic algorithm, pattern reconfigurable antenna
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Alam, Syah, Indra Surjati, Lydia Sari, et al. "Wide band and high gain microstrip antenna using planar series array 4×2 element for 5G communication system." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 5 (124) (2023): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.285395.
Full textAbstract:
The 5G communication system requires an antenna as a receiving device that has high performance including wide bandwidth and high gain. Microstrip antennas have advantages such as low cost, suitable for high frequencies and easy to integrate with other devices. One of the disadvantages of microstrip antennas is their narrow bandwidth and low gain. Therefore, microstrip antennas with wide bandwidth and high gain are especially needed to support 5G communication systems. This paper provides a solution by proposed a wide bandwidth and high gain microstrip antenna operating at a resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz for a 5G communication system. The proposed antenna was developed in four stages starting from a single element, a two-element series array, a 4-element series array and a 4×2-element planar series array. A series planar array technique is proposed to increase the gain and bandwidth of the microstrip antenna simultaneously. In this paper, simulations and measurements from the proposed antenna are displayed and compared comprehensively to show the performance improvement from each stage of the development of the proposed model. Based on the measurement results, the designed antenna has an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 0.6 GHz and fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 17.14 % with a frequency range of 3.11–3.71 GHz and maximum gain of 12.2 dB at a resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz. The bandwidth and gain of the antennas increased by 205 % and 99.03 % compared to single element antennas, respectively. Therefore, the proposed antenna can be recommended to be used as a receiving antenna for 5G communication systems
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Giannakopoulos, Georgios, and Khushbu Mehboob Shaikh. "Phased Array Antennas for 5G and Beyond: Innovations and Implementation." Journal of Cognitive Computing and Cybernetic Innovations(JCCCI) 1, no. 1 (2025): 42–49. https://doi.org/10.21276/jccci/2025.v1.i1.8.
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Phased array antennas provide the ability to electronically steer a beam, eliminating the need for mechanical adjustments [1]. While traditionally used in military applications, there is growing interest in their adoption across various fields [1], [2]. Conformal antennas, a type of phased array, are designed for installation on curved or non-flat surfaces, enabling focused radio wave radiation [1], [2]. These antennas can be integrated into various applications, including aerospace, wearable technology, vehicles, and modern mobile devices [2], while also reducing traditional antenna height to support the integration and coexistence of multiple radio technologies within a compact area [1], [2]. Planar arrays, composed of elements with phase shifters in a matrix, are compact and cost-effective due to mass production via printed circuit technology [1], [2], [3]. These antennas, when mounted on rigid surfaces, exhibit robustness, provide beam deflection in two planes, and offer high gain with rapid beam-switching capabilities [1], [3]. However, planar antennas can experience interference between feed lines and elements, often supporting narrow bandwidths and exhibiting relatively low radiation efficiency [1], [3]. Conformal antennas, which are easily mounted on curved surfaces, are particularly suited for wearable applications, spacesuits, and aerospace designs [1], [2], [4]. By minimizing connection length, they bring electronics closer to the antenna elements, reducing signal loss while enhancing transmission power and receiver sensitivity, especially at higher frequencies [4]. Research into 3D-printed conformal antennas has emerged as a significant field of study [1], [5]. This paper presents the mathematical analysis of both planar and conformal antennas, covering key parameters such as gain, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and mutual coupling for planar arrays, as well as the width and length calculations for rectangular microstrip patch antennas used in conformal designs [2], [6], [7], [8]. Furthermore, the role of additive manufacturing in antenna development is highlighted, emphasizing its ability to produce antennas with complex geometries thereby revolutionizing conformal antenna design [1], [9].
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Abbas, Anees, Niamat Hussain, Md Abu Sufian, Jinkyu Jung, Sang Myeong Park, and Nam Kim. "Isolation and Gain Improvement of a Rectangular Notch UWB-MIMO Antenna." Sensors 22, no. 4 (2022): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041460.
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This paper presents the performance improvement of a co-planar waveguide rectangularly notched UWB-MIMO antenna. The isolation and gain of the antenna are enhanced by using a parasitic isolator. The antenna consists of four microstrip patch antennas and an isolator. The UWB characteristic of the antenna is achieved by truncating the lower ends of the radiating patch by a semicircle. The rectangular notch characteristic is obtained by adding two electromagnetic bandgap structures on the backside of the antenna, which is attached to the radiator via shorting pin. The performance, especially the decoupling of the MIMO antenna is improved by using a novel parasitic decoupler, which is placed between the antennas to receive uncorrelated signals. The decoupling structure consists of a square shape metallic element with a circular slot inside and a half-semicircle slot edged at each corner. Four rectangular metallic stubs are extended from opposite parallel sides to improve further isolation. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna has a rectangular notch band (5.25–5.85 GHz) across the working band of 3–12.8 GHz. In addition, the antenna has a planar structure with an overall size of 60 × 60 × 1.52 mm3 and offers stable gain, reduced mutual coupling (<−21 dB), and lower envelop correlation (<0.001).
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Constantinescu, C., C. Păcurar, C. Munteanu, A. Giurgiuman, S. Andreica, and M. Gliga. "Influence of the Geometrical Parameters of a Planar Yagi-Uda Antenna on its Performances." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1254, no. 1 (2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1254/1/012017.
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Abstract The paper follows the construction of a planar Yagi Uda antenna and the influence of the geometrical parameters on its characteristic parameters. According to the studies conducted on classical Yagi Uda antennas, modifying their geometrical parameters can lead to the improvement of the antenna function. Thus, the authors will consider modifying the number of directors, the distance between the fed dipole and the first director, the distance between the directors and the length of the directors in an attempt to determine their influence on the antenna’s characteristic parameters. All the results are compared and the similitude between planar and classical antenna is highlighted. Some of the most important antenna parameters were analyzed namely S parameters, gain, directivity, frequency bandwidth and radiation pattern.
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Liang, Yong Chun, Zhao Long Qiao, Zhi Peng Ge, and Teng Jiao Feng. "Design of Broadband Planar Spiral Antenna for Partial Discharge in Cable." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.443.
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The detection of partial discharge in power cables is an effective method to diagnosis early fault of XLPE cable . When partial discharge occurs, it emits abundant frequency component in ultra-high frequency (UHF) band, and broadband planar spiral antenna is an effective sensor to detect UHF partial discharge signals. High frequency electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS is used to simulate and analysis planar Equiangular spiral antenna and Archimedean spiral antenna. The simulation results show that the two kinds of antennas work effectively in 400 MHZ ~ 1 GHZ frequency band and are high sensitivity and superior performance. Because of with smaller size and larger gain, the Archimedean spiral antenna is used to detect UHF signals of partial discharge in XLPE cable.
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Wang, Wei, Xue Tian Wang, Ying Li, and Song Song. "Design of an Ultra-Wideband Four Arms Sinuous Antenna." Advanced Materials Research 981 (July 2014): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.981.469.
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Due to the advantages of ultra-wideband, single caliber, symmetric pattern, full polarization, the sinuous antennas have gradually displaced the traditional spiral antennas in the Missile guider, reflector feed, wideband direction finding system. Based on the traditional planar sinuous antennas, this paper designed a novel 2-22 GHz 3D sinuous antenna in the conical form. Results show that the designed antenna showed high performance within 2-22 GHZ frequency band.
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Sharan, Bhagwati, Anil Kumar Sagar, and Nidhi Rajak. "Microstrip Planar Antennas for C-Band Wireless Applications." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 38 (April 30, 2024): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2024.v38.013.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, wireless communications have evolved significantly, and many mobile devices have reduced in size. The antennas used in mobile terminals must be lowered in size to fulfil the downsizing standards. Planar antennas, like microstrip and printed antennas, have a low profile, compact size, and conformability to mounting hosts, making them particularly desirable candidates for achieving these needs. Additionally, planar antennas are also being used in communication devices for 2.4 GHz (2400 – 2484 MHz) and 5.2 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) systems (5150). In wireless applications, an antenna is a crucial component. At the transmitter, it transforms electrical signals into RF signals, and at the receiver, it converts RF signals to electrical signals. The patch inside the antenna is made of a conducting material such as Cu (Copper) or Au (Gold), and it can be rectangular, round, triangular, or elliptical. Two unique designs of microstrip planar antennas with an operating frequency of 5.2 GHz having S11 parameters as -16.0 dB and -15.7 dB have been offered and their performance has been studied in this research article.
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Alogla, A., M. A. H. Eleiwa, and H. Alshortan. "Design and Evaluation of Transmitting Antennas for Solar Power Satellite Systems." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 6 (2021): 7950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4607.
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This study attempts to identify, design, and evaluate transmitting antennas for Solar Power Satellite (SPS) systems. The design approach aimed at meeting the SPS operational requirements at ISM bands, namely 2.4-2.5GHz for the NASA and 5.725-5.875GHz for the JAXA models. The primary attributes of SPS antennas for transmitting Beamed High-Power Microwaves (BHPMs) are high power handling capability, efficiency, and directivity with narrow beamwidth and lower sidelobe levels. Using a planar end-fed 20×20 SWA module, the whole planar Slotted Waveguide Antenna Arrays (SWAAs) were designed for both the NASA and JAXA reference models having 1km diameter antenna aperture, peak power level over 1GW, directivity over 80dBi, Side Lobe Level (SLL) less than 20dB, and pencil beam with HPBW less than 0.01°. The proposed slotted waveguide transmitting antenna arrays fulfilled the operational requirements for both the NASA and JAXA SPS reference models. Due to the higher operating frequency, the results showed that the proposed planar SWA array performs better on the JAXA than on the NASA SPS model.
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Haerinia, Mohammad, and Sima Noghanian. "A Printed Wearable Dual-Band Antenna for Wireless Power Transfer." Sensors 19, no. 7 (2019): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071732.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, a dual-band printed planar antenna, operating at two ultra-high frequency bands (2.5 GHz/4.5 GHz), is proposed for wireless power transfer for wearable applications. The receiving antenna is printed on a Kapton polyimide-based flexible substrate, and the transmitting antenna is on FR-4 substrate. The receiver antenna occupies 2.1 cm 2 area. Antennas were simulated using ANSYS HFSS software and the simulation results are compared with the measurement results.
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Dakir, Rachid, Jamal Zbitou, Ahmed Mouhsen, Abdelwahed Tribak, Amediavilla Sanchez, and Mohamed Latrach. "New low-cost broadband CPW-fed planar antenna." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 2 (2014): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714001470.
Full textAbstract:
The narrow bandwidth of microstrip antennas is one of the most important features that restrict its wide usage. This paper presents a new coplanar waveguide-fed compact rectangular microstrip antenna with the improvement of the bandwidth using the slot geometry and cutting rectangular periodic edges for the patch radiator. To develop this structure, we have conducted many optimization and investigation using Momentum Software integrated into ADS “Advanced Design System” and comparison of the results with CST Microwave Studio. The comparison between the simulation and measurement results permits to validate the final achieved antenna with an improvement of the bandwidth. This antenna has wide matching input impedance ranging from 1.7 to 3.5 GHz with a return loss less than −10 dB, corresponding to bandwidth 69.7% at 2.6 GHz as a frequency center. The antenna achieved is a low cost, planar, and easy to be fabricated, thus promising for multiple applications in wireless communication systems. Details of the proposed antenna design and both simulated and experimental results are described and discussed.
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Alibakhshi Kenari, Mohammad. "Design and Modeling of New UWB Metamaterial Planar Cavity Antennas with Shrinking of the Physical Size for Modern Transceivers." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/562538.
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A variety of antennas have been engineered with MTMs and MTM-inspired constructs to improve their performance characteristics. This report describes the theory of MTMs and its utilization for antenna's techniques. The design and modeling of two MTM structures withε-μconstitutive parameters for patch antennas are presented. The framework presents two novel ultrawideband (UWB) shrinking patch antennas filled with composite right-/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) structures. The CRLH-TL is presented as a general TL possessing both left-handed (LH) and right-handed (RH) natures. The CRLH-TL structures enhance left-handed (LH) characteristics which enable size reduction and large frequency bandwidth. The large frequency bandwidth and good radiation properties can be obtained by adjusting the dimensions of the patches and CRLH-TL structures. This contribution demonstrates the possibility of reducing the size of planar antennas by using LH-transmission lines. Two different types of radiators are investigated—a planar patch antenna composed of fourO-formed unit cells and a planar patch antenna composed of sixO-shaped unit cells. A CRLH-TL model is employed to design and compare these two approaches and their realization with a varying number ofL-Cloaded unit cells. Two representative antenna configurations have been selected and subsequently optimized with full-wave electromagnetic analysis. Return loss and radiation pattern simulations of these antennas prove the developed concept.
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Noor, Hidayah Muhamad Adnan, Md. Rafiqul Islam, and Zahirul Alam AHM. "Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2018): 230–40. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp230-240.
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Planar array antenna is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks since they provide directive beams. In this paper, planar array antenna with square and rectangular arrangements based on 2 x 2 antenna elements as one subarray was proposed. Then, array factor for the the planar array antenna with up to 64 antenna elements was calculated to analyze the effects of inter-element spacing and number of elements on the antenna characteristics. Higher values of inter-element spacing contributed to higher number of side lobes, narrower main lobe, higher directivity and lower half power beamwidth (HPBW). Inter-element spacing equals to 0.5λ was found to be the most suitable value for planar array antenna design based on the analysis. Meanwhile, higher number of antenna elements increased the value of directivity of the planar array with narrower HPBW. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between directivity and HPBW in designing planar array antenna for massive MIMO application.
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Rudant, L., C. Delaveaud, and P. Ciais. "Compact Multiantenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/748070.
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Planar inverted-f antenna (PIFA) and notch antenna are combined within a compact 2-port MIMO antenna. Electrical and magnetic duality of the two antennas avoids a critical coupling and best performances can be expected for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication. When excitation of notch antenna is optimized properly, the notch length can be short enough so that the two antennas can be colocated in a single compact volume. This compact multiantenna design is suitable for integration in MIMO handheld terminals. A prototype for broadband network application in 3.4–3.8’GHz frequency band has been characterized in anechoic chamber.
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Bonefačić, Davor, and Juraj Bartolić. "Embroidered Textile Antennas: Influence of Moisture in Communication and Sensor Applications." Sensors 21, no. 12 (2021): 3988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21123988.
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Moisture causes detuning and increased losses in textile antennas, and it affects resonant and wideband textile antennas differently. In this work, we studied the effect of moisture on a resonant textile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) and a wideband textile monopole antenna. Both antennas were manufactured by embroidering conductive yarn in denim textile. The input reflection coefficient, antenna gain, and gain patterns were measured on both antennas for different moisture contents. The results show that wideband antennas are less affected by moisture in comparison with resonant antennas. For communications applications, large moisture content in the textile antenna should be avoided; therefore a flexible, textile-based waterproofing antenna cover was proposed, manufactured, and tested. On the other hand, the effect of antenna detuning by moisture can be used for moisture-sensing application. This concept was demonstrated on the resonant textile PIFA in transmission and reflection setups, showing that the reflection setup gives better results.
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K, Malaisamy, Baritha Begum M, Shamita S, Shruthika S, S. Subashree V, and Teena Mascelin J. "Design and Analysis of Planar Antenna for Radar Applications." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Transactions 6, no. 5 (2024): 126–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11243531.
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This paper focuses on designing T-shaped planar antennas for Radar applications using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. Antenna parameters such as return loss, gain, and radiation pattern are compared to determine the optimal design for the X-Band RADAR application, ranging from 8GHz to 12GHz. Through evaluation and comparison, it is concluded that the H-shaped antenna, sized at 70601.6, exhibits the best overall performance. This antenna demonstrates an efficient gain of 6.7dB with an operating frequency of 9.02GHz. The selection of the H-shaped design over other configurations suggests its superiority in meeting the requirements of RADAR systems operating within the specified frequency range. This study underscores the significance of simulation tools like HFSS in antenna design, allowing for thorough analysis and optimization to achieve desired performance metrics. The findings contribute to advancing antenna technology for Radar applications, enhancing communication and sensing capabilities within the X-Band frequency range.
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Rhee, Eugene. "Miniaturized PIFA for 5G Communication Networks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (2020): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041326.
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This paper designed a miniaturized Planar Inverted-F Antenna for 5G communication networks, including Long-Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services. By showing the radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio, and antenna gain of the designed Planar Inverted-F Antenna, this paper evaluates its performance. To show the key characteristics of the Planar Inverted-F Antenna, this paper modeled and simulated it with various variances. Moreover, the real Planar Inverted-F Antenna was fabricated and measurements were done to validate the simulated characteristics of the internal antenna.