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Journal articles on the topic 'Planar Array Antenna'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

He, Yuanzhi, and Changxu Wang. "Optimization Design for Sparse Planar Array in Satellite Communications." Electronics 12, no. 8 (2023): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081763.

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The antenna is one of the key components of satellite communication load. To address the evolving requirements of future satellite communication systems, the sparse planar array has become an important device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in emerging antenna systems. The advantages of this technology include low cost, low system complexity, and robust anti-interference ability, which have attracted widespread attention within the industry. In this paper, we investigate an optimization design of sparse planar arrays in satellite communication scenarios. Firstly, we introd

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2

Noor, Hidayah Muhamad Adnan, Md. Rafiqul Islam, and Zahirul Alam AHM. "Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2018): 230–40. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp230-240.

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Planar array antenna is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks since they provide directive beams. In this paper, planar array antenna with square and rectangular arrangements based on 2 x 2 antenna elements as one subarray was proposed. Then, array factor for the the planar array antenna with up to 64 antenna elements was calculated to analyze the effects of inter-element spacing and number of elements on the antenna characteristics. Higher values of inter-element spacing contributed to higher number of side lobes, narrower main lobe, higher directivity and lo

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3

Mao, Yanfei, Shiju E, and Chungeng Zhu. "A New and Simple Design Method for End-Fire Dipole Antenna Array and Three Two-Element 24 GHz Planar End-Fire Dipole Antenna Arrays." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167720.

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For an RF system, a high-gain antenna helps to improve the equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the transmitter and an end-fire antenna array helps to improve the directivity (D) and half power beam width (HP) of the antenna. This work presents a new and simple design method for end-fire antenna array design. The method states that when antenna elements are λ/2 apart, a simple end-fire antenna array could be designed and constructed easily without matching networks between antenna elements. Utilizing Rogers 4350 PCB technology, three 24 GHz high-gain, compact planar two-element end-fi

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4

Yin, Ruowei, and Zhipeng Wu. "Investigation of Planar Isolators for Mutual Coupling Reduction in Two-Dimensional Microstrip Antenna Arrays." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (July 25, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8865793.

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The design of isolators to reduce mutual coupling in large two-dimensional antenna arrays is complex and requires significant computational effort. This work attempts to alleviate this problem by applying different types of planar isolators in different orientations and experimenting first with two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A U-shaped planar transmission line isolator, a U-shaped planar transmission line-based destructive ground structure, and a planar neutralization line structure are designed to reduce E-plane or H-plane coupling in two-element microstrip antenna arrays. A mutual co

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5

Zhu, Junli, Mengfei Chen, Ziting Li, and Jingping Liu. "A Compact Planar Ultra-Wideband Array Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (October 10, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1339236.

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Ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas have recently gained prominence in communication, radar technology, and electronic warfare domains. The quick development of these antennas is due to the wide bandwidth requirements of pulse radar, ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic compatibility, spaceborne communication systems, stealth target detection, and more. Aiming to address the defects of existing UWB antennas, which often have narrow bandwidth and low gain, a planar ultra-wideband microstrip array antenna was designed to achieve good ultra-wideband characteristics and effectively improve the gain

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6

Pratik, Tawde*1 Servesh Gupta2 Shrinivas Paivernekar3 &. Pranjali Shelke4. "SIMULATION OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA PHASED ARRAY USING UNIFORM AND BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTIONS AND SCHELKUNOFF'S POLYNOMIAL BASED ARRAY BEAM SYNTHESIS METHOD USING MATLAB." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES 5, no. 4 (2018): 10–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1238610.

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Antennas with given radiation pattern may be arranged in a pattern (line, circle, plane etc.) to yield a different radiation pattern. An antenna array is a configuration of multiple antennas (elements) arranged to achieve the given radiation pattern. These arrays are classified as linear array, circular array, planar array etc. based on placement or an arrangement of these multiple elements in a specific geometrical shape. There are multiple design issues of the antenna array are available in the form of different variables such as, shape of the array, element spacing between array elements, e

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7

ALAM, SYAH, INDRA SURJATI, YULI KURNIA NINGSIH, et al. "Antena Mikrostrip MIMO dengan Teknik Planar Series Array 4x2 elemen untuk Sistem Komunikasi 5G." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 12, no. 2 (2024): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v12i2.441.

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ABSTRAKMakalah ini mengusulkan antena mikrostrip dengan dengan performansi tinggi yang beroperasi pada frekuensi resonansi 3,5 GHz untuk sistem komunikasi 5G. Antena dikembangkan dalam dengan teknik array planar seri 4x2 elemen yang dikonfigurasi MIMO. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, antena yang dirancang memiliki koefisien refleksi <= -10 dB, koefisien isolasi <= -40 dB dengan rentang frekuensi 3.1 GHz – 3,7 GHz dan gain maksimum sebesar 12,52 dB pada frekuensi resonansi 3,5 GHz. Bandwidth dan penguatan antena masing-masing meningkat sebesar 172.72% dan 160.83 %. Penelitian ini dapat dire

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8

Gainutdinov, Timur A., and Vadim G. Kocherzhewskiy. "THE OUTDOOR PLANAR ANTENNA ARRAY BOOSTER MOBILE INTERNET 3G/4G." T-Comm 15, no. 5 (2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-5-22-28.

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Internet antennas-busters are one of the most common antennas of suburban subscriber stations of broadband radio access systems. In many ways, the speed of information transmission in such systems limits the signal level provided by the base station in the entire operating band of the Internet signal. Since the antenna located on the wall of the house is stationary, it can be made relatively large, which allows you to implement a higher gain and accordingly increase the signal level on the router. At the same time, the market for such antennas is quite saturated with a wide variety of antenna

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9

Chen, Zhikun, Tao Li, Dongliang Peng, and Kang Du. "Two-Dimensional Beampattern Synthesis for Polarized Smart Antenna Array and Its Sparse Array Optimization." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (June 13, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2196049.

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Polarized smart antenna array has attracted considerable interest due to its capacity of matched reception or interference suppression for active sensing systems. Existing literature does not take full advantage of the combination of polarization isolation and smart antennas and only focuses on uniform linear array (ULA). In this paper, an innovative synthesis two-dimensional beampattern method with a null that has cross-polarization for polarized planar arrays is proposed in the first stage. This method aims to further enhance the capability of interference suppression whose optimization prob

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10

Potgieter, L., J. Joubert, and J. W. Odendaal. "Design of center-fed printed planar slot arrays." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 2 (2015): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715001701.

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A design approach for printed planar slot array antennas is presented. The antenna array consists of half-wavelength slot radiators positioned on a rectangular grid, and a slotline feed network. Three planar slot array antennas for use in IEEE 802.11a applications are designed, a 2 × 2, a 2 × 4, and a 4 × 2 array, all radiating above an electric conductor ground plane placed a quarter-wavelength below the printed slots. These slot arrays have higher aperture efficiencies and occupy less space than typical microstrip patch arrays. The measured impedance bandwidths of the designed unidirectional

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11

Giannakopoulos, Georgios, and Khushbu Mehboob Shaikh. "Phased Array Antennas for 5G and Beyond: Innovations and Implementation." Journal of Cognitive Computing and Cybernetic Innovations(JCCCI) 1, no. 1 (2025): 42–49. https://doi.org/10.21276/jccci/2025.v1.i1.8.

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Phased array antennas provide the ability to electronically steer a beam, eliminating the need for mechanical adjustments [1]. While traditionally used in military applications, there is growing interest in their adoption across various fields [1], [2]. Conformal antennas, a type of phased array, are designed for installation on curved or non-flat surfaces, enabling focused radio wave radiation [1], [2]. These antennas can be integrated into various applications, including aerospace, wearable technology, vehicles, and modern mobile devices [2], while also reducing traditional antenna height to

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12

Ojaroudi Parchin, Naser, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, Haleh Jahanbakhsh Basherlou, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, Jonathan Rodriguez, and Ernesto Limiti. "MM-Wave Phased Array Quasi-Yagi Antenna for the Upcoming 5G Cellular Communications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050978.

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The focus of this manuscript was to propose a new phased array antenna design for the fifth generation (5G) mobile platforms. Eight elements of compact Quasi-Yagi antennas were placed on the top portion of smartphone printed circuits board (PCB) to form a beam-steerable phased array design. The −10 dB impedance-bandwidth of proposed 5G smartphone antenna spans from 25 GHz to 27 GHz providing 2 GHz bandwidth with less than −16 dB mutual coupling function. A coax-to-microstripline with a truncated crown of vias around the coaxial cable was used as a feeding mechanism for each radiation element.

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13

Hidayah Muhamad Adnan, Noor, Islam Md. Rafiqul, and AHM Zahirul Alam. "Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2018): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp230-240.

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<p>Planar array antenna is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks since they provide directive beams. In this paper, planar array antenna with square and rectangular arrangements based on 2 x 2 antenna elements as one subarray was proposed. Then, array factor for the the planar array antenna with up to 64 antenna elements was calculated to analyze the effects of inter-element spacing and number of elements on the antenna characteristics. Higher values of inter-element spacing contributed to higher number of side lobes, narrower main lobe, higher directivi

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14

Zeng, Lingqi, Chengxin Wang, Haibo Liu, et al. "Influence of Antenna Element Position Deviation on Radiation Performance of Helical Antenna Array." Sensors 23, no. 10 (2023): 4827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104827.

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The electrical performance of the feed array is degraded because of the position deviation of the array elements caused by manufacturing and processing, which cannot meet the high performance feeding requirements of large feed arrays. In this paper, a radiation field model of the helical antenna array considering the position deviation of array elements is proposed to investigate the influence law of position deviation on the electrical performance of the feed array. With the established model, the rectangular planar array and the circular array of the helical antenna with a radiating cup are

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15

Pan, Dian Fei, Jian Hua Hao, Nai Ping Cheng, and Xiao Jie Dou. "A Flexible Hemispherical Coverage Array Antenna Based on Multi-Planar Arrays." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3634.

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A flexible hemispherical coverage array antenna based on multi-planar arrays is proposed to meet the growing demands for multi-target TT&C. The advantages and disadvantages of multi-planar arrays and dome phased in engineering implement are compared. Meanwhile, the influence of different number of plane arrays on antenna pattern is analyzed. For the purpose of interference suppression a novel beamforming method by adding constraint conditions is analyzed to enhance the performance of antenna for TT&C system. System simulation is done based on the multi-planar arrays antenna. The feasib

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16

Naimul, Mukit Md. Rafiqul Islam, Hadi Habaebi Mohamed, H. M. Zahirul Alam Khaizuran Abdullah A., et al. "Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-array." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 3 (2019): 906–15. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1529.

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Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to

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17

Liu, Feng, Quan Shi, Guang Yan Wang, and Bao Quan Zhang. "Simulation on the Planar Array Antenna Penetrated to Tungsten Spherical Fragment." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1060–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1060.

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Assess the array element number of planar phased array antenna which suffers fragments combat damage. A single fragment damage as the research object, the simulation of penetration condition for Tungsten Spherical fragments is developed using the software of ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The penetration of antenna at 0°attack angel and 800m/s is simulated, and we can gain the penetrated distortion data. Based on the data the damage circular is calculated. The last one study was made on x-band planar array antennas, the array elements invulnerability of triangular setting is better than rectangular, and the i

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18

R., Shantha Selva Kumari, Guruarchana V., and Guruatchaya V. "Efficient High Gain Elliptically Polarized Phased MIMO Antenna." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 22 (December 31, 2023): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23204.2023.22.21.

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A phased MIMO antenna with a coaxial feed is designed to operate in the electromagnetic spectrum with the frequency range of 8 GHz to 12 GHz, which resonates at 9 GHz, is used in military and satellite communication. The ability of phased MIMO antennas to change the form and orientation of the radiation pattern without constantly moving the antenna is unique. The proposed approach can also improve radiation efficiency by maximizing array unit size. To validate the proposed method, an elliptical polarization phased antenna has been constructed as a planar array. A 2 to 2 planar dual polarized M

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19

My, D. T. T., H. N. B. Phuong, T. T. Huong, and B. T. M. Tu. "Design of a Four-Element Array Antenna for 5G Cellular Wireless Networks." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 5 (2020): 6259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3771.

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This paper proposes the design of a four-element array planar antenna based on a single antenna that combines the Double Positive (DPS) and Epsilon Negative (ENG) materials. The single antenna consists of a microstrip segment (which is equivalent to a DPS material) connected to a grounded microstrip segment (which is equivalent to an ENG material). T-Junction power dividers with one-input and two-output ports are used for feeding the two-element and the four-element array antennas. The proposed array antenna is designed to operate optimally at 30GHz frequency under Finite Element Method (FEM)-

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20

Wang, Congsi, Yan Wang, Xiaodong Yang, et al. "Effect of Randomness in Element Position on Performance of Communication Array Antennas in Internet of Things." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6492143.

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As a critical component for wireless communication, active phased array antennas face the restrictions of creating effective performance with the effect of randomness in the position of the array element, which are inevitably produced in the manufacturing and operating process of antenna. A new method for efficiently and effectively evaluating the statistic performance of antenna is presented, with consideration of randomness in element position. A coupled structural-electromagnetic statistic model for array antenna is proposed from the viewpoint of electromechanical coupling. Lastly, a 12×12

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My, D. T. T., H. N. B. Phuong, T. T. Huong, and B. T. M. Tu. "Design of a Four-Element Array Antenna for 5G Cellular Wireless Networks." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 5 (2020): 6259–63. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3771.

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This paper proposes the design of a four-element array planar antenna based on a single antenna that combines the Double Positive (DPS) and Epsilon Negative (ENG) materials. The single antenna consists of a microstrip segment (which is equivalent to a DPS material) connected to a grounded microstrip segment (which is equivalent to an ENG material). T-Junction power dividers with one-input and two-output ports are used for feeding the two-element and the four-element array antennas. The proposed array antenna is designed to operate optimally at 30GHz frequency under Finite Element Method (FEM)-

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22

Mukit, Naimul, Md Rafiqul Islam, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, et al. "Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-array." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 3 (2019): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1529.

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Abstract:

Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to

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23

Amara, Wided, Ramzi Kheder, Ridha Ghayoula, et al. "Taguchi Method-Based Synthesis of a Circular Antenna Array for Enhanced IoT Applications." Telecom 6, no. 1 (2025): 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom6010007.

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Linear antenna arrays exhibit radiation patterns that are restricted to a half-space and feature axial radiation, which can be a significant drawback for applications that require omnidirectional coverage. To address this limitation, the synthesis method utilizing the Taguchi approach, originally designed for linear arrays, can be effectively extended to two-dimensional or planar antenna arrays. In the context of a linear array, the synthesis process primarily involves determining the feeding law and/or the spatial distribution of the elements along a single axis. Conversely, for a planar arra

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Alam, Syah, Indra Surjati, Lydia Sari, et al. "Wide band and high gain microstrip antenna using planar series array 4×2 element for 5G communication system." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 5 (124) (2023): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.285395.

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The 5G communication system requires an antenna as a receiving device that has high performance including wide bandwidth and high gain. Microstrip antennas have advantages such as low cost, suitable for high frequencies and easy to integrate with other devices. One of the disadvantages of microstrip antennas is their narrow bandwidth and low gain. Therefore, microstrip antennas with wide bandwidth and high gain are especially needed to support 5G communication systems. This paper provides a solution by proposed a wide bandwidth and high gain microstrip antenna operating at a resonant frequency

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25

Bobkov, I. V., and Yu V. Yukhanov. "Characteristics of the Radiating Element of a Planar Vivaldi Antenna Array with Improved Bandwidth." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 27, no. 1 (2024): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2024-27-1-48-56.

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Introduction. The conventional approach to extending the operating frequency band of Vivaldi antenna arrays consists in increasing the radiating element length. However, this inevitably leads to an increase in the mass of the entire array, and, therefore, to a rapid growth in the cross-polarization level. Recent studies in this field have mainly focused on techniques for reducing the cross-polarization level. At the same time, the possibility of developing Vivaldi antenna arrays with an extended operating frequency band, primarily without changing the overall dimensions of the elements or the

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Alogla, A., M. A. H. Eleiwa, and H. Alshortan. "Design and Evaluation of Transmitting Antennas for Solar Power Satellite Systems." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 6 (2021): 7950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4607.

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This study attempts to identify, design, and evaluate transmitting antennas for Solar Power Satellite (SPS) systems. The design approach aimed at meeting the SPS operational requirements at ISM bands, namely 2.4-2.5GHz for the NASA and 5.725-5.875GHz for the JAXA models. The primary attributes of SPS antennas for transmitting Beamed High-Power Microwaves (BHPMs) are high power handling capability, efficiency, and directivity with narrow beamwidth and lower sidelobe levels. Using a planar end-fed 20×20 SWA module, the whole planar Slotted Waveguide Antenna Arrays (SWAAs) were designed for both

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27

Hampel, S. K., O. Schmitz, and I. Rolfes. "Sievenpiper HIS and its influence on antenna correlation." Advances in Radio Science 6 (May 26, 2008): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-39-2008.

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Abstract. \\label{sec:abstract} This paper deals with the influence of artificial magnetic conductors (AMC), so-called Sievenpiper High Impedance Surfaces (HIS), on the MIMO and Diversity performance of a planar linear-polarized 2×2 dipole array in the ISM-band at 2.45 GHz. The characteristic performance criteria such as envelope correlation coefficient, spectral efficiency, Mean Effective Gain (MEG) and Diversity gain of a coupled 2×2 dipole array are investigated. By means of full-wave electromagnetic analysis as well as Monte-Carlo simulations applying statistical channel models the charact

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Lu, Junqi, and Yongxin Guo. "Compact Planar Sparse Array Antenna with Optimum Element Dimensions for SATCOM Ground Terminals." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/806981.

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A novel antenna array architecture for low-cost and compact SATCOM mobile terminal is presented. Based on equal-amplitude aperiodic phased array with fewer active chain numbers, it possesses advantages including lower weight, less cost, and higher power efficiency compared to conventional periodic phased arrays. It is implemented with printed patch antenna so that it guarantees compactness. The elements position and dimensions are jointly designed, with an effective sparse array synthesis strategy that takes actual patch antenna design constraint into consideration, to obtain a maximum array a

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Moon, Seong-Mo, Junhyuk Cho, and Han Lim Lee. "High Gain Flat-Panel mmWave Antenna Array." Sensors 23, no. 23 (2023): 9433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23239433.

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In the realm of mmWave communication and connectivity, integrating chips and antennas into a cohesive system is paramount. Given this, planar antenna arrays have become indispensable. In this article, we introduce a novel antenna array tailored for mmWave applications, characterized by its high directivity. Distinctively, this new array employs a flat-panel radiator, ensuring an augmented gain without necessitating additional superstrate layers. To validate its potency, a 4 × 4 flat-panel array with dimensions of 3.74 λ0 × 3.74 λ0 × 0.106 λ0 at 28 GHz including a ground plane was designed and

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Boopalan, Navaamsini, Agileswari K. Ramasamy, and Farrukh Nagi. "A Comparison of Faulty Antenna Detection Methodologies in Planar Array." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (2023): 3695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063695.

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Broadcasting, radar, sonar and space telecommunication systems use phased arrays to produce directed signals to be transmitted at the desired angle. This system requires a large number of antenna elements. The presence of faulty element(s) in an array causes asymmetry, which results in a deformed radiation pattern with higher sidelobe levels. Higher sidelobe levels indicate waste of energy by transmitting and receiving signals in unwanted directions. Hence, it is important to develop a method that detects faulty elements and corrects the radiation pattern. To correct the failed radiation patte

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B. Saleem, R. A., A. A. Shah, H. Munsif, A. I. Najam, S. Khattak, and I. Ullah. "Radiation Pattern Correction of Faulty Planar Phased Array using Genetic Algorithm." Advanced Electromagnetics 13, no. 2 (2024): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i2.2439.

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The probability of antenna array failure or malfunctioning cannot be ruled out, and hardware replacement of faulty elements is not always a viable solution. Therefore, academic and industrial interest in self-healing phased arrays are on the rise. In this work, the phase-only genetic algorithm (GA) optimization flow for the radiation pattern correction of a 4 × 4 phase faulty planar antenna array is proposed. Initially, a reference array pattern at the desired scan angle is generated. Then random phase faults are introduced across the 1 × 4 antenna elements in any one of 4 sub-arrays to produc

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Yu, Longzheng, Peng Xu, Wenbo Li, and Xiao Cai. "Microwave Foreign Object Detection in a Lossy Medium Using a Planar Array Antenna." Sensors 25, no. 13 (2025): 3965. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25133965.

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The non-contact detection of foreign objects embedded in lossy dielectric media such as soil, vegetation, or ice remains a critical challenge in applications including environmental monitoring and agricultural safety. This communication presents the design and experimental validation of an array antenna system capable of accurately localizing foreign objects in such lossy mediums. The proposed array antenna is capable of focusing electromagnetic energy at the location of the foreign object, thereby enabling precise positioning. The main idea of the foreign object detection is to set some of th

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Wong, K. L., F. R. Hsiao, and T. W. Chiou. "Omnidirectional Planar Dipole Array Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, no. 2 (2004): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2004.823897.

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Toh, Wee Kian, Xianming Qing, and Zhi Ning Chen. "A Planar Dualband Antenna Array." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, no. 3 (2011): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2010.2103039.

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Sun, Xiaoliang, Jorge Calatayud-Maeso, Alfonso-Tomás Muriel-Barrado, José-Manuel Fernández-González, and Manuel Sierra-Castañer. "Calibration of a Low-Cost 8×8 Active Phased Array Antenna." Applied Sciences 15, no. 7 (2025): 4066. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15074066.

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This paper presents the calibration process involved in a planar active phased array antenna operating in the K-band (17.7–20.2 GHz). The array consists of eight columns, each containing a 1 × 8 subarray of patch antennas. To enhance the antenna bandwidth, a double-stacked patch structure is employed. We analyze the challenges encountered when measuring active antennas. Additionally, we discuss the solutions and calibration techniques used to improve the array performance. Finally, we present the results of the optimal calibration approach, comparing simulated and measured data, both with and

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Huang, Tiancong, Yantao Yu, and Lijun Yi. "Design of Highly Isolated Compact Antenna Array for MIMO Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/473063.

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In order to achieve very high data rates in both the uplink and downlink channels, the multiple antenna systems are used within the mobile terminal as well as the base station of the future generation of mobile networks. When implemented in a size limited platform, the multiple antenna arrays suffer from strong mutual coupling between closely spaced array elements. In this paper, a rigorous procedure for the design of a 4-port compact planar antenna array with high port isolation is presented. The proposed design involves a decoupling network consisting of reactive elements, whose values can b

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Nur, Ilham Aliyaa Ishak, Seman Norhudah, and Han Chua Tien. "Antenna array design with rectangular ring slot for 5G technology." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 17, no. 5 (2019): 2258–67. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v17i5.12816.

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A patch antenna with rectangular-shaped ring slot that fed by a coaxial probe is proposed in this article as the single element for planar patch array antenna design to meet the requirement of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) in fifth generation (5G) technology. Initially, the single antenna element is designed at three different center frequencies of 0.85, 1.9 and 2.6 GHz to cover the mobile operating frequency of 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.6 GHz, which considering the proposed 5G spectrum below than 6 GHz. The rectangular-shaped ring slot is introduced to the patch antenna with the

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Verma, Akhilesh, and Raghava Nallanthighal Srinivasa. "Beam Splitting Planar Inverted F Antenna For 5G Communication." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 6 (2021): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.17072.

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A planar inverted-F antenna with symmetrical split beams and loaded with radio frequency absorbers (here Eccosorb MCS) for 5G communication is proposed. The multi-beam antennas reduce the requirement of number of antennas and provide wide coverage. But they require a complex system such as a phased array or MIMO antennas. On the other hand, multi-beam antennas do not have such requirements. In this work, we propose a PIFA antenna which achieves multi-beam behaviour by six slabs of absorbers placed periodically between the PIFA patch and substrate to split the beams into two directions at +26°.

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K, Dr Sahana. "Planar Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array with Corporate-Feed Network for Gain Enhancement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 8 (2024): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63863.

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Abstract: The design and performance analysis of a inset-fed planar rectangular microstrip patch antenna array with corporatefeed network systems is presented in this paper. This design aims to increase the gain of the rectangular patch antenna through the use of a 16-element planar rectangular antenna array. Each element in this planar array is fed by T-junction power divider networks with quarter-wave transformer lines via the corporate-feed method. The antenna is designed over the operating frequency of 2.4 GHz using the substrate material FR-4, which has a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a

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Ye, Yuan, Shaozhi Wang, Boyuan Liu, et al. "Novel Planar Ultra-Wideband Modular Antenna Array with Low Profile." Electronics 11, no. 24 (2022): 4173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244173.

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A planar ultra-wideband modular antenna array with an ultra-low profile based on a tight coupling effect is proposed. The antenna array is composed of multi-layer printed circuit boards. Since its frequency operation can extend up to the grading lobe frequency, the number of T/R components for the antenna aperture is reduced to the greatest extent. Specifically, a horizontal “fin” structure is added on the parallel feeding lines, which assists in improving the impedance matching of the array. In order to break the bandwidth limitation of the low-frequency loop mode, a capacitive short-circuit

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Ye, Sheng, Xianling Liang, Wenzhi Wang, et al. "Design of Arbitrarily Shaped Planar Microstrip Antenna Arrays with Improved Efficiency." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/757061.

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A design technique is described for an arbitrarily shaped planar microstrip antenna array with improved radiation efficiency. In order to fully utilize the limited antenna aperture, several basic modules are proposed from which we construct the array. A consideration of the aperture shape shows that with several practical examples a proper combination of these basic modules not only allows the convenient design of arbitrarily-shaped microstrip array, but also helps to improve the aperture radiation efficiency. To confirm the feasibility of the approach, a circular array with 256 elements was c

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Saenz, E., K. Guven, E. Ozbay, I. Ederra, and R. Gonzalo. "Decoupling of Multifrequency Dipole Antenna Arrays for Microwave Imaging Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/843624.

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The mutual coupling between elements of a multifrequency dipole antenna array is experimentally investigated byS-parameter measurements and planar near-field scanning of the radiated field. A multifrequency array with six dipoles is analyzed. In order to reduce the coupling between dipoles, a planar metasurface is placed atop the array acting as superstrate. The mutual coupling of the antenna elements in the absence and presence of the superstrate is presented comparatively. Between 3 and 20 dB mutual coupling reduction is achieved when the superstrate is used. By scanning the field radiated b

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G.Bhatkoorse, Rohini, and Dr Mahesh A. "Design and Simulation of Metamaterial based Circularly Polarized Antenna Array." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 08 (2021): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/08417.

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The microstrip patch array antenna is usually designed as a broadside radiator. The radiating area of the patch can be of any planar shape from elliptical to square, but rectangular is preferred over other shapes. When elements of antenna are repeated, it is called as an array of antennas. When the distance between antennas is reduced, mutual coupling effect occurs. This effect occurs when the distance between the antennas is less than 0.5and this affects the gain and efficiency of the antennas. This effect can be reduced by using metamaterials. To reduce the mutual coupling between the ante

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Hamadamin, Karim Hawbash. "Study and Analyzing the Circular Dish Radar Antennas Pattern." International Journal of Sciences Volume 3, no. 2014-09 (2014): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3348785.

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In this paper we discuss analysis and synthesis techniques for planar circular arrays usable in passive HF target ranging. The elements geometries are assumed and analyzed for the array. The frequencies of the bands are taken as; S-band (2 and 4) GHz, C-band (5 and 8) GHz and X-band (9 and 12.4) GHz. The frequencies are taken for the initial and terminal of the specified bands. The circular dish array antenna was used to study the three - dimensional array radiation pattern for circular aperture with diameter (0.3m) at a given wavelength. Linear and polar array radiation patterns were analyzed

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Liu, Yong, Li-Ming Si, Meng Wei, et al. "Some Recent Developments of Microstrip Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/428284.

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Although the microstrip antenna has been extensively studied in the past few decades as one of the standard planar antennas, it still has a huge potential for further developments. The paper suggests three areas for further research based on our previous works on microstrip antenna elements and arrays. One is exploring the variety of microstrip antenna topologies to meet the desired requirement such as ultrawide band (UWB), high gain, miniaturization, circular polarization, multipolarized, and so on. Another is to apply microstrip antenna to form composite antenna which is more potent than the

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Czawka, Giennadij, and Marek Garbaruk. "Matrix Analysis and Pulse Transmission of Antenna Array for MIMO UWB Systems." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 57, no. 1 (2011): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-011-0013-z.

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Matrix Analysis and Pulse Transmission of Antenna Array for MIMO UWB Systems This paper presents a theoretical matrix analysis of antenna structure consisting of two double-element planar antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) application in 2*2 MIMO indoor communication systems. The structure and characteristics of pla-nar two-element UWB antenna are presented. Two matrix models of MIMO antenna system are represented in the paper. A stan-dard MIMO signal transmission matrix without taking into con-sideration the coupling between antennas is described. A new ap-proach to a full electromagnetic anal

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Kundu, Krishanu, Avneesh Dubey, Ankur Dhama, and Narendra Nath Pathak. "Planar Inverted F Antenna, PIFA Array in 5G applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2062, no. 1 (2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2062/1/012002.

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Abstract Planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is mainly fit for mobile devices. PIFA is mostly designed for dual band frequencies as it is capable of covering wide range of wireless services. This in turn helps in making it acceptable for designing mobile devices. Sizes of ground plane as well as PIFA’s position with respect to ground plane actually effect the performance of PIFA. For example, placement of PIFA at corner of ground plane shows good radiation pattern. Major prerequisite of 5G is nothing but the capability to enhance data volume to every single user, while supporting majority of mobi

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Rajput, Rachna, and Alok Kumar Rastogi. "Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays for UWB Applications at C-band." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (2023): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49029.

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Abstract: The paper gives a detailed study of how to design a microstrip patch antenna array for UWB applications by using the FR-4 substrate material. The rectangular antenna array is designed with the planar ground. The designed antenna is a rectangular shape, compact and planar for the UWB applications. The size of the antenna is 20.50×15.22 mm (width and length), which resonated at a return loss – 14 dB, -31.23 dB and -33.36 dB and the input impedance is 50 ohms. We used the box dimensions are 40 mm × 40 mm for single, 80 mm × 70 mm for 1×2 array and 100 mm × 40 mm for 1×4 array antenna. F

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Hu, Jun, Tong-Tong Qiu, Xue Lan, Wei Xu, and Song-Song Qian. "Three-Mode Vortex Wave Generator with Double-Layer Patch Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3737868.

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With the development of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output technologies, researches on radio vortex wave with orbital angular momentum have become active. At the same time, generators of miniaturized planar antennas have become very interesting. Considering multilayer package, we proposed a uniform circle array consisting of four double-layer patch antennas with microstrip backfeeds. The antenna can generate three modes of vortex waves, which works at frequency 7.6GHz with a bandwidth 8.5%. Compared with orbital angular momentum antennas of phased uniform circular array with other cells, this prop

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Li, Lixun, Wenkun Gu, and Yongqing Wang. "Group Delay Evaluation for GNSS Adaptive Antenna Array." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2976, no. 1 (2025): 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2976/1/012004.

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Abstract Beam forming processing of adaptive antenna introduces distortions of group delay. For high-precision GNSS applications, the distortions cannot be ignored. In order to solve the problem, an evaluating method of adaptive array group delay based on availability beam is proposed. This method consists of three steps: firstly, setting the available beamwidth of the antenna; secondly, configuring different interference scenarios and calculating the group delay variation within the available beamwidth for each scenario; finally, averaging group delay variations obtained across different scen

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