Journal articles: 'Planar loop antenna'

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Mo, Lingfei, and Chenyang Li. "Double Loop Inductive Feed Patch Antenna Design for Antimetal UHF RFID Tag." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (March 21, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2917619.

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Planar UHF RFID antimetal tag can be widely used for the metallic products or packages with metal material inside. A double loop inductive feed planar patch antenna is proposed for UHF RFID tag mounted on metallic objects. Compared to conventional microstrip antennas or PIFA antennas used for UHF RFID tags, the double loop inductive feed patch antenna has a planar structure, with no short via or short wall, which could decrease the manufacturing cost of the tags. The double loop inductive feed structure also increases the radiation performance of the planar antenna. Moreover, the double loop inductive feed structure makes the impedance of the patch antenna be tuned easily for conjugate impedance matching.

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Mohamad, Harris Misran, Kamal Abdul Rahim Sharul, Alice Meor Said Maizatul, and Azlishah Othman Mohd. "Enhancement algorithm for reverse loop technique on planar reverse loop antenna." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 17, no. 6 (2019): 2713–21. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v17i6.12087.

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Finding a trade-off balance between wireless transfer efficiency (WTE) and distance is a key issue in wireless energy transfer (WET). This paper presents a method of reducing the radical alteration in WTE versus distance, by using a reverse loop technique on planar reverse loop antenna (PRLA). The design focuses on 13.56 MHz Near Field Communication (NFC). The first stage uses mathematical modelling, based on an analytical approach, to determine the size of the reverse loop using Matlab. The proposed model predicts the size of the reverse loop to stabilize the WTE at a closer distance. Next, full-wave electromagnetic simulations are applied, using the computer simulation technology (CST) MICROWAVE STUDIO®, to determine the WTE effect with distance changes with mismatch condition. Planar loop antennas (PLAs) are fabricated on glass-reinforced epoxy laminated sheets (FR4). A validation of the simulation result in a real test scenario, using these PLAs and PRLA, confirms a stability enhancement in WTE at closer distance using the reverse loop technique, compared to conventional designs.

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Lu, Wen-Jun, Wen-Hai Zhang, Kin Fai Tong, and Hong-Bo Zhu. "Planar Wideband Loop-Dipole Composite Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, no. 4 (2014): 2275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2014.2299820.

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Alhenawy, Mahmoud, and Martin Schneider. "Antenna-in-package (AiP) in mm-wave band." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 1 (2013): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078712000815.

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We studied the viability of the embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) package environment as an antenna platform for 77 GHz automotive radar sensors and the effects of package fabrication tolerances on the antenna performance. The investigation of different antenna concepts in the eWLB package and their characterization methods are addressed. The design procedures for electrically large, differentially fed loop antennas in a multilayer package structure are introduced. Two different planar antennas are developed and measured in an eWLB package showing promising results such as a gain of 9 GHz and an impedance bandwidth of 8 GHz. An acceptable antenna performance is recorded within the tolerance limits. Therefore, the eWLB package is seen as an appropriate platform for mm-wave antennas and as a good candidate for an antenna-in-package (AiP) concept.

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Muramoto, M., N. Ishii, and K. Itoh. "Characteristics of a small planar loop antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 45, no. 12 (1997): 1818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.650200.

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Nawaz, Haq, Ahmad Umar Niazi, and Mansoor Ahmad. "Dual Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna with Improved Interport Isolation for S-Band Satellite Communication." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (September 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8022207.

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This paper presents a bi-port, single-layered (planar), dual circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna with improved interport isolation for S-band satellite telemetry and telecommand applications. The dual-port, planar antenna is based on a square-shaped radiator with trimmed corner to achieve CP characteristics (RHCP and LHCP) for excitations from respective ports. However, the RF isolation between the two ports is very low due to strong power leakage from transmit (Tx) to transmit (Rx) port. The externally employed tunable self-interference cancellation (SIC) circuit achieves high isolation between orthogonal ports while axial ratio (AR) is ≤3 dB for both right and left handed circular polarization modes. The employed single-tap SIC circuit/loop attains the high interport isolation through signal inversion mechanism. The proposed antenna design achieves ≥72 dB peak interport isolation in addition to ≥30 dB and 15 dB port to port isolation over the isolation or SIC bandwidths of 15 MHz and 90 MHz (−10 dB bandwidth for both ports), respectively. The port to port isolation performance is improved without significant degradation in antenna radiation characteristics. The validation model of the presented planar antenna based on single element characterizes much better measured interport isolation performance compared to those dual CP printed antennas reported earlier as endorsed through detailed comparison

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Patnam, R. H. "Broadband CPW-Fed Planar Koch Fractal Loop Antenna." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 7 (2008): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2008.2001968.

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Wong, Kin-Lu, An-Chia Chen, and Fa-Shian Chang. "Planar diversity-loop antenna for wireless pcmcia card." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 39, no. 6 (2003): 488–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.11255.

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Misran, Mohamad Harris, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, Maizatul Alice Meor Said, and Mohd Azlishah Othman. "Enhancement algorithm for reverse loop technique on planar reverse loop antenna." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 17, no. 6 (2019): 2713. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v17i6.12087.

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Chen, Wen-Shan, Chien-Min Cheng, Da-Huei Lee, Chun-Lin Ciou, Wei-Syun Sin, and Guang-Yuan Cai. "Small-Size Meandered Loop Antenna for WLAN Dongle Devices." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/897654.

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This paper proposes a loop-type USB dongle antenna, which is fabricated on a 1.6 mm thick FR-4 substrate for WLAN band systems. The front side of substrate consists of a 50-ohm coaxial line and a multiarm monopole antenna, while the back side has a meandered loop antenna connected to the ground by two via holes. The meandered loop resonates half-wavelength mode at about 2.4 GHz and its higher modes. The higher modes excited by the multiarm monopole form the 5.2 GHz frequency band. The bandwidth of the antenna covers the IEEE802.11 a/b/g WLAN applications. The overall dimensions of the antenna of 30 × 13.75 × 1.6 mm3with an antenna area of 7.5 × 13.75 mm2and a planar structure are exactly suitable for applying in dongle devices. The measured results of radiation patterns, antenna gain, and radiation efficiency are also proposed and discussed in the paper.

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11

Alemaryeen, A., and S. Noghanian. "On the Effects of Balun on Small Antennas Performance for Animal Health- Monitoring and Tracking." Advanced Electromagnetics 10, no. 2 (2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1691.

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This paper presents the performance evaluation of a sleeve Balun integration in the design of a flexible loop antenna for wildlife health monitoring and tracking applications. To verify the design concept, an experimental antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured in free-space and muscle mimicking phantom. Moreover, investigations are carried out for wearable and implanted antennas in planar and conformal arrangements. In free-space, the antenna is operating within the industrial, scientific, and medical ISM 5.8 GHz band. Balun integration in the antenna design efficiently chokes the currents excited on the outer surface of the feeding cable and provides a good impedance match between antenna and feed line, as demonstrated by simulation and measurement results. On the other hand, in phantom, the antenna has a wide bandwidth characteristic that covers the most used frequency bands for in-body devices. Balun integration, in this case, showed a negligible effect on antenna’s matching properties for two studied implantation depths; 2.5 cm and 5 cm. The proposed study offers a promising guideline in the design and realization of wearable and implanted antennas.

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Alemaryeen, A., and S. Noghanian. "On the Effects of Balun on Small Antennas Performance for Animal Health- Monitoring and Tracking." Advanced Electromagnetics 10, no. 2 (2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1691.

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This paper presents the performance evaluation of a sleeve Balun integration in the design of a flexible loop antenna for wildlife health monitoring and tracking applications. To verify the design concept, an experimental antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured in free-space and muscle mimicking phantom. Moreover, investigations are carried out for wearable and implanted antennas in planar and conformal arrangements. In free-space, the antenna is operating within the industrial, scientific, and medical ISM 5.8 GHz band. Balun integration in the antenna design efficiently chokes the currents excited on the outer surface of the feeding cable and provides a good impedance match between antenna and feed line, as demonstrated by simulation and measurement results. On the other hand, in phantom, the antenna has a wide bandwidth characteristic that covers the most used frequency bands for in-body devices. Balun integration, in this case, showed a negligible effect on antenna’s matching properties for two studied implantation depths; 2.5 cm and 5 cm. The proposed study offers a promising guideline in the design and realization of wearable and implanted antennas.

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13

Mansour, Mohamed, Kamel Sultan, and Haruichi Kanaya. "Compact Dual-Band Tapered Open-Ended Slot-Loop Antenna For Energy Harvesting Systems." Electronics 9, no. 9 (2020): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091394.

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In this study, a compact dual-band combined loop-slot planar antenna is proposed. (1) Background: multi-function antennas are desired for wireless communication to cover the desired frequency spectrum. (2) Methods: the proposed antenna consists of a semi-rectangular open-ended loop (OEL) operating at the lower frequency band 920 MHz, an open-ended slot (OES) transmission line that provides resonance at the higher band 2.4 GHz, and a feeding port using the asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) line. The ACS is used to excite the antenna to achieve dual-band performance. The overall dimensions of the fabricated prototype are 32.5 × 53.5 mm2 (0.1λo×0.16λo), where λo represents the free-space wavelength at the lower frequency. (3) Results: from the calculations, the antenna shows two impedance bandwidths (estimated at −10dB) of 30 MHz (920–950 MHz) and 300 MHz (2.2–2.5 GHz) to cover the ISM band (920 MHz) and 2.45 GHz WiFi bands, respectively. Indeed, the antenna has stable radiation patterns and achieves peak measured realized gain of 1.8 dBi in the lower band and 4.2 dBi in the higher band. (4) Conclusion: the antenna shows the merits of low profile structure, single-layer, and low-cost fabrication. The proposed antenna not only achieves incremental increase in radiation efficiency, but also provides a lightweight, and small footprint.

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Katireddy, H. R., M. V. Narayana, and G. Immadi. "Innovative Design and Analysis of an Electrically Small Reconfigurable Antenna for GPS and Blue Tooth Applications." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 5 (2021): 7684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4465.

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In this paper, an electrically small, planar antenna with broad side radiation pattern is presented. The design contains a dipole and a segmented circular loop which works equivalent to that of a magnetic dipole. A circular patch with slots is used to provide impedance matching. In general, electrically small antennas suffer from narrow bandwidth. In this paper, the reconfigurability of the small antenna for two different applications, 1.5GHz and 2.4GHz, is discussed. This reconfigurability was achieved by using a BAR 64-03W pin diode to adjust the resonant frequency. Two reconfigurable frequency bands were achieved at 1.5GHz and 2.4GHz with broad side radiation patterns.

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Kang, Do-Gu, and Youngje Sung. "Planar Printed Shorted Monopole Antenna with Coupled Feed for LTE/WWAN Mobile Handset Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/151864.

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A shorted monopole antenna with coupled feed for LTE/WWAN mobile handset applications is described. The basic resonance of the shorted monopole combines with the resonance formed by the coupling between the coupling strip and the feeding pad to cover the LTE700, GSM850, and GSM900 bands. Both the feeding pad and the coupling strip operate with the shorting strip as a loop antenna. The resonance of the loop antenna and the harmonics of the shorted monopole combine to cover the GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, and LTE2300 bands. A stable and omnidirectional radiation pattern with reasonable gain has been observed over the operating bandwidth.

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Kim, Jeonghwan, Seokju Wi, Hoseung Lee, et al. "Antenna Sensitivity Enhancement through Noise Suppression in an LTE/GPS Communication Module." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 25, no. 3 (2025): 304–6. https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2025.3.l.26.

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This letter discusses antenna sensitivity enhancement in an LTE/GPS communication module for vehicle-to-everything applications by addressing onboard noise suppression. The performance of antennas in smart vehicles is increasingly complex due to the concentration of electronic devices within small structures, which impacts signal reception. Onboard noise generated by other unknown electronic components on the PCB can couple through the resonance structure of the other antenna, significantly degrading performance. The proposed solution includes an equivalent noise circuit and two double-branch planar inverted-F antennas targeting the B1 and B5 LTE bands and the L1 and L5 GPS bands. The noise circuit can couple with the GPS antenna’s feed loop and requires a noise suppression method to prevent sensitivity degradation. The analysis shows that this approach can increase total isotropic sensitivity from -81.79 dB to -94.61 dB, representing a significant enhancement in antenna sensitivity performance.

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Jardon-Aguilar, Hildeberto, Jose Alfredo Tirado-Mendez, Raul Pena-Rivero, and Ruben Flores-Leal. "Multiband–multislot planar antenna based on small loop-radiator." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 29, no. 15 (2015): 2066–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2015.1079506.

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Ye, Yuan, Shaozhi Wang, Boyuan Liu, et al. "Novel Planar Ultra-Wideband Modular Antenna Array with Low Profile." Electronics 11, no. 24 (2022): 4173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244173.

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A planar ultra-wideband modular antenna array with an ultra-low profile based on a tight coupling effect is proposed. The antenna array is composed of multi-layer printed circuit boards. Since its frequency operation can extend up to the grading lobe frequency, the number of T/R components for the antenna aperture is reduced to the greatest extent. Specifically, a horizontal “fin” structure is added on the parallel feeding lines, which assists in improving the impedance matching of the array. In order to break the bandwidth limitation of the low-frequency loop mode, a capacitive short-circuit probe is introduced to push the common-mode resonance point into the low-frequency band. Finally, subject to Active VSWR < 3, the array can realize E-plane, H-plane, and D-plane ± 45° beam scan coverage across the 6:1 frequency band (3.48–20.97 GHz). A 128-element prototype was processed and tested to validate the design. This array not only has the advantages of low profile, modularity, easy assembly, and maintenance but also minimizes the number of T/R components and reduces the cost of phased array antennas.

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Radha, Sonapreetha Mohan, Mingyu Jung, Pangun Park, and Ick-Jae Yoon. "Design of an Electrically Small, Planar Quasi-Isotropic Antenna for Enhancement of Wireless Link Reliability under NLOS Channels." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (2020): 6204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186204.

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The performance of wireless networks can be greatly influenced by the radiation pattern and polarization of the antennas at the nodes, especially when they are under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel environments. In this study, we designed a planar quasi-isotropic antenna based on the combination of a meandered electric dipole and an electrically small loop at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Its electrical size (ka) is 0.47 and shows a gain deviation of 3.01 dB with radiation efficiency of 82.6% per the simulation. The performance of a wireless link under the line-of-sight and NLOS channels in an indoor environment was measured using the proposed quasi-isotropic antenna as a receiving antenna after validating its radiation and impedance properties experimentally (the measured gain deviation: 5.2 dB, the measured radiation efficiency: 79.2%). This study demonstrates that better properties are achieved using the quasi-isotropic antenna. The quasi-isotropic antenna shows an improved packet delivery ratio (PDR) and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) compared to the results using omni-directional antennas as a transmitting and receiving pair in the NLOS channels. To the best of our knowledge, the experimental validation of the enhancement of wireless link reliability using a quasi-isotropic antenna has not been reported before, and was first carried out in this study.

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Hong, Youngtaek, Jinpil Tak, Jisoo Baek, Bongsik Myeong, and Jaehoon Choi. "Design of a Multiband Antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS Band Operation." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/548160.

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This paper proposes a multiband antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS band operation. The proposed antenna consists of a meandered planar inverted-F antenna with an additional branch line for wide bandwidth and a folded-loop antenna. The antenna provides a wide bandwidth to cover the hepta-band LTE/GSM/UMTS operation. The measured 6 dB return loss bandwidth is 169 MHz (793–962 MHz) at the low-frequency band and 1030 MHz (1700–2730 MHz) at the high-frequency band. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 55 mm × 110 mm × 5 mm.

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Mun, Byeonggwi, Yonghyun Yoon, Hyunwoo Lee, Hark-Yong Lee, and Byungje Lee. "A Compact Dual-Band RFID Tag Antenna Mountable on Metallic Objects." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/131908.

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A compact (50 × 50 × 4 mm3) dual-band radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna mountable on metallic objects is proposed for the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band (917∼923.5 MHz) and the microwave (MW) band (2.4∼2.45 GHz). With the proximity-coupled feed loop, the proposed antenna consists of two symmetric planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) elements for the UHF band passive tag and a meander microstrip patch antenna for the MW band active tag. The performance of the proposed antenna is verified by mounting it on the different sizes of the metallic object. Furthermore, the passive tag antenna in the UHF band furthermore may be used for energy harvesting techniques to improve the lifetime of the active tag in the MW band. The measured maximum read range is 5.50 m in the UHF band and 14.15 m in the MW band when the proposed tag antenna is mounted on the metallic objects. The total efficiency for all operating frequency bands is higher than 50%. High isolation (>12 dB) between tag antennas in the UHF band and the MW band is achieved.

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22

Wu, Di, Jiang Zhao, Xiaofei Ma, Jinbao Chen, and Chuanzhi Chen. "Accuracy Analysis of a Multi-Closed-Loop Truss Antenna with Clearance." Aerospace 11, no. 12 (2024): 1014. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11121014.

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Surface accuracy is one of the most crucial indicators for evaluating the performance of a large deployable antenna. It depends on the accuracy of the truss structure of the truss antenna. This paper presents a novel method for accurate analysis of a large deployable truss antenna with 3D joint clearances. The proposed method does not depend on the structure’s style, which is suitable for general multi-closed-loop structures. Firstly, the clearance model of the truss structure is established using a vector description. Then, an error transfer path analysis method is proposed for the multi-closed-loop structure. The distribution probability of the truss antenna’s surface accuracy is also obtained. The efficiency of the method is validated through a numerical example of a planar mechanism with a multi-closed loop. The proposed method is also applied to analyze the surface accuracy of the large deployable antenna with a parabolic cylindrical truss.

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23

Manteghi, Majid. "Electrically coupled loop antenna as a dual for the planar inverted-f antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 55, no. 6 (2013): 1409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.27553.

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Trinh‐Van, Son, Gina Kwon, and Keum Cheol Hwang. "Planar super‐wideband loop antenna with asymmetric coplanar strip feed." Electronics Letters 52, no. 2 (2016): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.2548.

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Tan, Ming-Tao, and Bing-Zhong Wang. "A Compact Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Loop-Slot Planar Antenna." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14 (2015): 1742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2015.2421731.

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Rafique, Umair, Suleman Khan, Muhammad Mansoor Ahmed, et al. "Uni-Planar MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Mobile Phone Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083746.

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This article presents the design of a uni-planar MIMO antenna system for sub-6 GHz 5G-enabled smartphones. The MIMO antenna designed comprises four loop-shaped radiators placed at each corner of the mobile phone board, which follows the principle of pattern diversity. The single-antenna element resonates at 3.5 GHz, its impedance bandwidth is noted to be 1.28 GHz (3–4.28 GHz) for S11≤ −6 dB, and it is equal to 720 MHz (3.18–3.9 GHz) for S11≤ −10 dB. For a single-antenna element, a peak gain of 3.64 dBi is observed with an antenna efficiency of >90%. The isolation of >10 dB between antenna elements is achieved for the MIMO configuration. Furthermore, the MIMO antenna designed provides enough radiation coverage to support different sides of the mobile phone board, which is an important feature for future 5G-enabled handsets. In addition, the impacts of human hands and heads on MIMO antenna performance are investigated, and acceptable performance in the data and conversation modes is observed.

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Nakisbekova, Balausa, Assel Yerzhan, Pavel Boykachev, et al. "Study of the characteristics of broadband matching antennas for fifth-generation mobile communications based on new composite materials." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 3 (2024): 2885–95. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp2885-2895.

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The presented research aims to analyze in detail the characteristics of broadband matching antennas specifically designed for 5G mobile communications applications, with an emphasis on innovative composite materials. The study focuses on a compact planar loop antenna designed for use on smartphones, covering the LTE/WWAN frequency bands 824 to 960 MHz, 1,710 to 2,690 MHz, and 3,300 to 3,600 MHz for full coverage of modern 5G networks. Experimental and numerical methods are used to broadly analyze the frequency range associated with 5G networks. The features of the use of composite materials in the implementation of antenna devices in 5G technologies are noted. A broadband matching circuit (BMC) with elements with lumped parameters and a reduced sensitivity invariant has been synthesized. A 3D model of the adaptive selective surface controller (SSC) was developed using CST Studio. The study results highlight the benefits of new composite materials in improving the performance of 5G antennas. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of 5G technologies by optimizing antenna design for efficient data transmission in modern mobile networks and can be a valuable resource for engineers and designers working in this field.

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Chiang, Wei-Yuan, Chia-Hao Ku, Chiung-An Chen, et al. "A Power-Efficient Multiband Planar USB Dongle Antenna for Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 11 (2019): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112568.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) had been applied in Internet of Things (IoT) and in Industry 4.0. Since a WSN system contains multiple wireless sensor nodes, it is necessary to develop a low-power and multiband wireless communication system that satisfies the specifications of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Certification European (CE). In a WSN system, many devices are of very small size and can be slipped into a Universal Serial Bus (USB), which is capable of connecting to wireless systems and networks, as well as transferring data. These devices are widely known as USB dongles. This paper develops a planar USB dongle antenna for three frequency bands, namely 2.30–2.69 GHz, 3.40–3.70 GHz, and 5.15–5.85 GHz. This study proposes a novel antenna design that uses four loops to develop the multiband USB dongle. The first and second loops construct the low and intermediate frequency ranges. The third loop resonates the high frequency property, while the fourth loop is used to enhance the bandwidth. The performance and power consumption of the proposed multiband planar USB dongle antenna were significantly improved compared to existing multiband designs.

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Virko, V. F., and Yu V. Virko. "Influence of Nonuniform Magnetic Field on the Helicon Discharge Excited by Various Antennas." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, no. 3 (2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.3.223.

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The influence of a nonuniform magnetic field, which increases with the distance from an inductive antenna, on a helicon discharge has been studied. The discharge was excited in the azimuthally symmetric mode of helicon waves, m = 0, making use of antennas of two different types. It is shown that if the discharge is produced by a loop antenna, which supplies the RF energy through the side boundary of plasma and perpendicularly to the external magnetic field, then the ionization is concentrated at the discharge periphery. Under those conditions, the imposing of a nonuniform magnetic field reduces the loss of ionizing electrons at the wall and enhances the plasma generation. If the discharge is excited with a planar antenna along the magnetic field, then the main ionization occurs in the inner plasma region around the axis. In this case, an increase in the plasma density, if any, may be a result of the plasma contraction in the magnetic field with force lines convergent to the axis.

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Song, Xiangshuai, Shujun Tan, Enmei Wang, Shunan Wu, and Zhigang Wu. "Active shape control of an antenna reflector using piezoelectric actuators." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 18-19 (2019): 2733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19873422.

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The surface precision of an antenna reflector can be improved using the actuation of piezoelectric materials to obtain a high-performance space antenna. In this study, the active shape control of a reflector with piezoceramic (lead zirconate titanate) actuators assembled on ribs is proposed by theoretical and experimental approaches. A finite element model of the integrated reflector–actuator system is established using piezoelectric constitutive equations and the virtual work’s principle. For a desired shape, a closed-loop iterative shape control method based on the influence coefficient matrix model is developed, which resolves the issue of high-precision shape control of the antenna reflector in the presence of model errors. The shape controller based on the proposed closed-loop shape control method is implemented on a planar hexagonal reflector with 30 lead zirconate titanate actuators. Experimental results demonstrate that the closed-loop control is an effective way to improve the surface precision of the reflector considering uncertainties.

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Belrhiti, Lakbir, Fatima Riouch, Abdelwahed Tribak, Jaouad Terhzaz, and Angel Mediavilla Sanchez. "Internal compact printed loop antenna for WWAN/WLAN/ISM/LTE smartphone applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 10 (2017): 1961–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717000824.

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In this paper, we designed and developed a novel internal compact printed loop antenna for WWAN/WLAN/ISM/LTE smartphone applications. The proposed antenna is composed of a meander loop antenna and a capacitively coupled feeding line. It has a planar structure, with an overall dimension of 120 × 60 mm2, the antenna portion occupying a size of 20 × 60 mm2, which makes it suitable for practical smartphone applications. The results of our measurement reveal that the prototype antenna can provide two wide frequency bands of 712–1078 and 1757–2930 MHz, which cover multi-band for GSM850/GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100/IMT2000/WLAN2400/ISM2450/LTE700/LTE2300/ LTE2500. The antenna also shows good radiation characteristics and gain peaks for frequencies over the desired operating bands. We also studied the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the proposed antenna placed at the bottom of a mobile phone. The obtained SAR values are all below the SAR limit of 1.6 W/kg for the 1 g head tissue and 2.0 W/kg for the 10 g head tissue. We used CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS for the simulation and the design of the antenna and present in this paper the details of the design considerations, as well as the results on the reflection coefficient, the surface current distributions, the radiation characteristics, and the gain of the proposed antenna.

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32

Nakisbekova, Balausa, Assel Yerzhan, Pavel Boykachev, et al. "Study of the characteristics of broadband matching antennas for fifth-generation mobile communications based on new composite materials." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 3 (2024): 2885. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp2885-2895.

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The presented research aims to analyze in detail the characteristics of broadband matching antennas specifically designed for 5G mobile communications applications, with an emphasis on innovative composite materials. The study focuses on a compact planar loop antenna designed for use on smartphones, covering the LTE/WWAN frequency bands 824 to 960 MHz, 1,710 to 2,690 MHz, and 3,300 to 3,600 MHz for full coverage of modern 5G networks. Experimental and numerical methods are used to broadly analyze the frequency range associated with 5G networks. The features of the use of composite materials in the implementation of antenna devices in 5G technologies are noted. A broadband matching circuit (BMC) with elements with lumped parameters and a reduced sensitivity invariant has been synthesized. A 3D model of the adaptive selective surface controller (SSC) was developed using CST Studio. The study results highlight the benefits of new composite materials in improving the performance of 5G antennas. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of 5G technologies by optimizing antenna design for efficient data transmission in modern mobile networks and can be a valuable resource for engineers and designers working in this field.

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Misran, Mohamad Harris, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, Maizatul Alice Meor Said, and Mohd Azlishah Othman. "A systematic optimization procedure of antenna miniaturization for efficient wireless energy transfer." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3159-3166.

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This paper presents a systematic optimization procedure to determine the reduced antenna size aimed at obtaining the best efficiency or at least equal performance with the initial large antenna design in a wireless energy transfer (WET) system. A low-cost, square-shaped planar loop antenna designed on each side of FR4 substrate is used as both the miniature transmitter and receiver antennas operating at 13.56 MHz for the near-field communication (NFC) band. The effect of distance and antenna size on the link parameters such as inductance, resistance and mutual coupling is studied, prior to the study of their effects on WTE. The accuracy of the procedure is cross-validated using two methods; analytically and using full wave simulations. The simulation then is verified using lab measurement setup at real scene environment. Trends of the resulting curves using both methods indicated good agreements, and optimal miniature antenna for the best wireless transfer efficiency (WTE) is able to be quickly determined. A miniature antenna is able to achieve 4% wireless transfer efficiency improvement with 47% antenna size reduction. Such method can be applied to efficiently estimate a low-cost WTE system setup, besides enabling the integration of self-tuning or reconfigurability features in such systems for a known initial antenna size to mitigate changes to its operating distance.

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Mohamad, Harris Misran, Kamal Abdul Rahim Sharul, Alice Meor Said Maizatul, and Azlishah Othman Mohd. "A systematic optimization procedure of antenna miniaturization for efficient wireless energy transfer." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 3159–66. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3159-3166.

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This paper presents a systematic optimization procedure to determine the reduced antenna size aimed at obtaining the best efficiency or at least equal performance with the initial large antenna design in a wireless energy transfer (WET) system. A low-cost, square-shaped planar loop antenna designed on each side of FR4 substrate is used as both the miniature transmitter and receiver antennas operating at 13.56 MHz for the near-field communication (NFC) band. The effect of distance and antenna size on the link parameters such as inductance, resistance and mutual coupling is studied, prior to the study of their effects on WTE. The accuracy of the procedure is cross-validated using two methods; analytically and using full wave simulations. The simulation then is verified using lab measurement setup at real scene environment. Trends of the resulting curves using both methods indicated good agreements, and optimal miniature antenna for the best wireless transfer efficiency (WTE) is able to be quickly determined. A miniature antenna is able to achieve 4% wireless transfer efficiency improvement with 47% antenna size reduction. Such method can be applied to efficiently estimate a low-cost WTE system setup, besides enabling the integration of self-tuning or reconfigurability features in such systems for a known initial antenna size to mitigate changes to its operating distance.

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Hussain, Rifaqat, Saad I. Alhuwaimel, Abdullah M. Algarni, Khaled Aljaloud, and Niamat Hussain. "A Compact Sub-GHz Wide Tunable Antenna Design for IoT Applications." Electronics 11, no. 7 (2022): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071074.

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This work presents a compact meandered loop slot-line 5G antenna for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Recently, sub-gigahertz (sub-GHz) IoT technology is widely spreading. It enables long-range communications with low power consumption. The proposed antenna structure is optimized to operate at sub-GHz bands without any additional complex biasing circuitry or antenna structure. A miniaturized design was achieved by a meandered structured loop slot-line that is loaded reactively with a varactor diode. Wideband frequency reconfigurability (FR) was achieved by the use of the varactor diode. The proposed antenna resonates over the frequency band of 758–1034 MHz with a minimum bandwidth of 17 MHz over the entire frequency band. The RO4350 substrate with dimensions of 0.18λg × 0.13λg mm2 is used to design the proposed antenna design. The efficiency and gain values varied from 54–67% and 0.86–1.8 dBi. Compact planar structure, narrow-band operation (suitable for NB-IoT) and simple biasing circuitry, which allows for sub-GHz operation, are unique and attractive features of the design.

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Kang, D., J. Tak, and J. Choi. "Wideband low‐profile planar square segmented loop antenna for UAV applications." Electronics Letters 52, no. 22 (2016): 1828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2016.3181.

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Howard, A. Q. "Electromagnetic fields of loop antenna with axis parallel to planar interface." Journal of Applied Geophysics 38, no. 1 (1997): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9851(97)00015-3.

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Lu, Jui-Han, and Jr-Ying Su. "Planar loop tag antenna with bandwidth enhancement for UHF RFID system." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, no. 11 (2011): 2711–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26361.

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Yang, Guo-Min, Ronghong Jin, Junping Geng, and Wei He. "Planar broadband millimeter-wave antenna based on open loop ring resonators." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, no. 2 (2008): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23081.

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Zainal, H. H., H. A. Rahim, P. J. Soh, et al. "SAR Evaluation of Metallic Loop-like Accessory Effect of Broadband Wearable Planar Monopole Textile Antenna." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 3 (2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i3.597.

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This paper presents the investigation influence of the common metallic loop like accessory on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) averaged over 10g and 1 g tissue.The simulations were made by means CST Microwave Studio software at frequencies 2.45GHz and 2.6GHz. Numerical analysis conducted using broadband textile monopole antenna (TM) with variations of orientation and distance showed that the SAR value increased when the antenna horizontally polarized.This is up to 80% more than vertically polarized TM placed closest item to 2mm.

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An, Wenxing, Xinyu Xu, Jian Wang, and Shenrong Li. "An Inductor-Loaded Single-Port Planar Dual-Broadband Antenna with Stable Gains." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (2023): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061233.

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A single-port dual-wideband base-station antenna is reported here for mobile communication systems. Loop and stair-shaped structures with lumped inductors are adopted for dual-wideband operation. The low and high bands share the same radiation structure to accomplish a compact design. The operation principle of the proposed antenna is analyzed, and the effects of the lumped inductors are studied. The measured operation bands are from 0.64 GHz to 1 GHz and from 1.59 GHz to 2.82 GHz, with relative bandwidths of 43.9% and 55.8%, respectively. Broadside radiation patterns and stable gain with a variation of less than 2.2 dB are achieved for both bands. The inductor-loading technology is proven to be an effective way for dual-band antenna design with wide bandwidth and stable gain performance.

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Murat Bilgiç, Mustafa, and Korkut Yeğin. "Wideband, High-Efficiency Quasi-Planar Antenna Array For Ku-Band DBS Reception Systems." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 2 (2014): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714001366.

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We propose a compact, high-efficiency antenna configuration, which is 18 cm in diameter and has average gain of 24.1 dBi for automotive applications of satellite TV systems operating at Ku band. To achieve high aperture efficiency, hybrid microstrip, and waveguide feed network with low-loss microstrip-to-waveguide transition is designed and validated. The array antenna is wideband and covers entire downlink Ku-band frequencies (10.8–12.75 GHz) for simultaneous reception from multiple transponders. Vertical polarization panel is built and tested for reception quality. Carrier-to-noise ratio of 6.2 dB was observed the target transponder (42°E) at 11.9 GHz using intermediate frequency loop-out of the receiver. The antenna can be used on small vehicles or automobiles for satellite TV reception.

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Varma, Sanjit, Somia Sharma, Merbin John, Richa Bharadwaj, Anuj Dhawan, and Shiban K. Koul. "Design and Performance Analysis of Compact Wearable Textile Antennas for IoT and Body-Centric Communication Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (August 24, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7698765.

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This paper presents two compact textile-based planar dipole and loop antennas for wearable communication applications operating in the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical radio (ISM) bands. The antennas were fabricated on a 0.44 mm thin camouflaged-military print, cotton jean cloth using conductive copper threads, and sewing embroidery technique to create the radiating structure. Design and performance analyses of the antennas were carried out using simulations; further experiments were performed in anechoic chamber and indoor environment to validate the designs. The experiments were carried out in a free space scenario and on the various locations of the human subject such as the torso and limb joints. The performance of the antennas was investigated based on the reflection coefficient in normal and bent conditions corresponding to the different radii of the locations of the human limbs. The antennas perform well in free space and on-body scenarios in flat and bend conditions providing return loss below −10 dB in all cases with an acceptable resonant frequency close to 2.4 GHz due to the antenna bending and body effects. The radiation pattern measurements are also reported in this work for free space and on-body scenarios. It is observed that the presence of the human body significantly influences the antenna radiation pattern which leads to an increase in the front-to-back ratio and also makes the antenna more directive. Overall, the performance of the fabricated embroidered textile antennas was found suitable for various wearable body-centric applications in indoor environments.

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Ali, Hamid, and Mahipal Singh. "ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNA FOR GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM AND WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Education, Modern Management, Applied Science & Social Science 05, no. 04(I) (2023): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62823/05.04(i).6031.

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In this paper, an electrically small antenna for different applications is proposed. An electrically small, planar with broad side radiation pattern is presented. The design contains a segmented circular loop and a dipole which act as a magnetic dipole. For impedance matching, a circular patch with slots is provided. In general, electrically small antenna limits to a narrow bandwidth. In this paper, reconfigurability will achieve for two different applications at 1.5 GHz and 2.4 GHz respectively by using BAR 64-03W PIN diode to adjust resonant frequency. Near field resonant parasitic (NFRP) element were used to design electric and magnetic dipoles, which is helpful to design dual electrically small antenna bands having a wavelength of 0.25λ0. The size of the antenna is 35×35×1.6mm3 and a gain of 1.86dB

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Liu, Yu, Peiqin Liu, Zhijun Meng, Lifeng Wang, and Yue Li. "A Planar Printed Nona-Band Loop-Monopole Reconfigurable Antenna for Mobile Handsets." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17, no. 8 (2018): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2018.2856459.

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Kushwah, Sonali, and P. K. Singhal. "A Compact Meandered-Loop Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications." Advances in Microwave and Wireless Technologies 1, no. 2 (2013): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12966/amwt.07.03.2013.

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Asfour, Rawad, Salam K. Khamas, and Edward A. Ball. "Cost-Effective Design of Polarization and Bandwidth Reconfigurable Millimeter-Wave Loop Antenna." Sensors 23, no. 24 (2023): 9628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23249628.

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A singly fed reconfigurable circular loop antenna is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. This antenna’s distinctive feature lies in its capacity to adjust both polarization and bandwidth characteristics, a capability made possible by the strategic integration of two PIN diodes. These diodes are engineered to function in various modes, allowing for three distinct polarization states and accommodating two distinct bandwidths. A meticulous alignment of these PIN diodes enables the utilization of a single DC bias network as a highly effective RF choke, which simplifies the design and reduces the associated losses. Additionally, a planar biasing network that consists of coplanar strip-lines (CPS) has been employed eliminating the need for lumped elements. The simple and totally planar configuration offers a choice of right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation or left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) radiation at 28 GHz. This is accompanied by impedance matching and axial ratio (AR) bandwidths of 12.9% and 8%, respectively, over the same frequency range with a gain of 7.5 dBic. Moreover, when the PIN diodes are unbiased, the antenna offers linear polarization (LP) over two narrow bandwidths at 27 GHz and 29 GHz featuring a maximum gain of 7.2 dBic. Therefore, the proposed configuration offers three operating modes: wide-band RHCP, wide-band-LHCP, and LP over dual narrow bands. Significantly, simulated results closely align with the measured outcomes, affirming the robustness and accuracy of this design.

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Ujang Wiharja та Wasono Doso Putro. "Rancang Bangun Antena Delta Quadloop 1λ Pada Frekuensi 452,5MHZ Dengan Menggunakan Balun". TEKNOKRIS 25, № 1 (2022): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.61488/teknokris.v25i1.108.

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Dengan perkembangan teknologi dan aplikasi nirkabel, bermunculan pula berbagai jenis antena yang dirancang dengan karakter-karakternya yang berbeda-beda. Dalam menentukan karakteristik sebuah antena terdapat beberapa besaran-besaran penting yang menjadi parameter dalam spesifikasi sebuah antenna, yang harus dipenuhi dalam proses perancangannya. Salah satu struktur antena sederhana adalah menggunakan jenis antena planar atau antena simpal yang panjang sisinya terdiri dari ¼ λ atau 1/3 λ. Namun dari jenis antena ini, penggunaan antena quadloop 1λ jenis kawat ini bisa memberikan solusi perancangan antena yang lebih aplikatif terutama diterapkan pada aplikasi nirkabel. Dalam merancang antena quad loop 1λ digunakan bahan logam almunium yang berdiameter 0,6 cm yang bekerja pada frekuensi 452,5 MHz dengan panjangtotal fisik antena sebesar 48 cm dengan masing-masing panjang sisinya adalah 16 cm yang ditambahkan dengan BALUN (Balance – Unbalance). Pengukuran karakteristik antena dilakukan dengan menggunakan Sistem Pemancar UHF (Ultra High Frequency) yang terdiri dari beberapa modul alat ukur. Nilai VSWR yang didapat dari hasil pengukuran adalah 1,4 dengan daya yang dipancarkannya(PFWD) sebesar 0,6 watt dan daya pantulnya(PREV) 0,1 watt.

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БОЙКО, ЮЛІЙ, ЛЕСЯ КАРПОВА та ВІТАЛІЙ СЕМЕНЮК. "ВИСОКОРІВНЕВА ОДНОПЛОЩИННА АНТЕНА MIMO ДЛЯ ДЕВАЙСІВ 5G". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 325, № 5(1) (2023): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2023-325-5-40-46.

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This work presents the design of a single-plane multiple-input/multiple-output MIMO antenna system for smartphones with 5G support at a frequency below 6 GHz. The developed MIMO antenna consists of four loop-shaped emitters located at each corner of the mobile phone board, which conforms to the principle of pattern diversity. The single-antenna element resonates at 3.5 GHz, has an impedance bandwidth of 1.28 GHz (3-4.28 GHz) for S11 ≤ –6 dB, and is 720 MHz (3.18-3.9 GHz) for S11 ≤ –10dB. For a single-antenna element, a peak gain of 3.64 dBi is observed with an antenna efficiency of >90%. For the MIMO antenna configuration, isolation >10 dB is achieved between its elements. In addition, the designed MIMO antenna provides sufficient radiation coverage to support different sides of the mobile phone board, which is an important feature for all 5G-enabled phones. A planar multiple-input/multiple-output MIMO antenna design is presented for sub-6 GHz 5G-enabled mobile phone applications. Four loop-shaped radiators are designed at each corner of a smartphone board, and they all follow the design configuration of pattern diversity. Several MIMO antenna features are evaluated, such as S-parameters, gain patterns, radiation and total efficiency, envelope correlation coefficient, total active reflection coefficient, and diversity gain. From the reported results, it may be concluded that the presented MIMO antenna system successfully meets the criteria of 5G-enabled mobile phones. In addition, the impacts of human hands and heads on MIMO antenna performance are investigated, and acceptable performance in the data and conversation modes is observed.

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Wang, Yuanqiang, Jie Yang, Shangfu Hao, and Xiao Zhang. "Wideband Dual-Element Antenna Array for MIMO Mobile Phone Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/434082.

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A printed dual-element antenna array for LTE MIMO mobile phone applications is presented in this paper. The two array elements are symmetrically placed with the same dimensions, and each of the them consists of a novel driven strip and a wandering shorting strip. The driven strip is a whole loop, which improves the impedance matching for the upper band. Therefore, the bandwidth coverage is expanded and the antenna size is minimized at the same time. In addition, thanks to the protruded ground on the ground plane, the antenna isolation between the two array elements is significantly enhanced. The proposed planar antenna array successfully covers the seven operating bands of GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500, and the isolation is more than 10 dB. The prototype was fabricated and tested, withSparameters, efficiency, radiation patterns, envelop correlation coefficient (ECC), and ergodic capacity presented. From the measured results, it is indicated that the antenna array has excellent and reliable performances when it is applied in MIMO applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Planar loop antenna'

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