Academic literature on the topic 'Planar shape detection'
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Journal articles on the topic "Planar shape detection"
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Oesau, Sven, Florent Lafarge, and Pierre Alliez. "Planar Shape Detection and Regularization in Tandem." Computer Graphics Forum 35, no. 1 (September 28, 2015): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12720.
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Takahashi, H., H. Date, S. Kanai, and K. Yasutake. "DETECTION OF INDOOR ATTACHED EQUIPMENT FROM TLS POINT CLOUDS USING PLANAR REGION BOUNDARY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-495-2020.
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Abstract. Laser scanning technology is useful to create accurate three-dimensional models of indoor environments for applications such as maintenance, inspection, renovation, and simulations. In this paper, a detection method of indoor attached equipment such as windows, lightings, and fire alarms, from TLS point clouds, is proposed. In order to make the method robust against to the lack of points of equipment surface, a footprint of the equipment is used for detection, because the entire or a part of the footprint boundary shapes explicitly appear as the boundary of base surfaces, i.e. walls for windows, and ceilings for lightings and fire alarms. In the method, first, base surface regions are extracted from given TLS point clouds of indoor environments. Then, footprint boundary points are detected from the region boundary points. Finally, target equipment is detected by fitting or voting using given target footprint shapes. The features of our method are footprint boundary point extraction considering occlusions, shape fitting with adaptive parameters based on point intervals, and robust shape detection by voting from multiple footprint boundary candidates. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated using TLS point clouds.
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Xue, Qian, and Xijuan Chen. "Optimization of Planar Array Electrostatic Sensor for Metal Surface Defect Detection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2370, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2370/1/012019.
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Static electricity is usually generated in the damage area of the metal surface due to contact friction, and the charge distribution density can reflect the size, shape, and relative position of the damage area. Based on this, a planar array electrostatic sensor is designed to detect metal surface defect in this paper, and the shielding method, number of electrodes, electrode shape, and arrangement of the sensor are optimized taking account of the induced charge value, the uniformity of sensitivity and the image correlation coefficient. Different image reconstruction algorithms (e.g. Landweber algorithm, conjugate Gradient algorithm, Tikhonov regularization and primary dual interior point method) are utilized to evaluate the performance of the designed electrostatic sensor. The results demonstrated that the sensor with hexagonal electrode shape, integrated shielding, a new arrangement, a duty cycle of 80%, and a peripheral shielding electrode, has better image quality for all the tested damage models. When using the PDIPA algorithm for image reconstruction, the image correlation coefficient can exceed 0.9.
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Lo, Rong-Chin, and Wen-Hsiang Tsai. "Perspective-transformation-invariant generalized hough transform for perspective planar shape detection and matching." Pattern Recognition 30, no. 3 (March 1997): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3203(96)00094-5.
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Zhang, Fang Zhou, Ben Dong Liu, Yu De Wu, and De Sheng Li. "The Simulation Research of Detecting Metal Debris with Different Shape Parameters of Micro Inductance Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.861.
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A micro inductance sensor model based on the software of Maxwell to detect the debris in oil is presented. The model is built to study the detecting performance of sensors with different turns and enwinding styles. It can be demonstrated that the planar coil with 15 turns has a better sensitivity to detecting metal debris with about 100 micro meters in size. The solenoid coil with 20 turns has a better performance to detect the micro metal debris. This simulation shows that the detecting performance of a sensor is related to its parameters such as the size, turns, style of enwinding.The optimization of coils for the detection of metal debris with 100 in size is presented at last.
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Zhang, Youzhi, Jinhua Ye, Haomiao Wang, Shuheng Huang, and Haibin Wu. "A Flexible Tactile Sensor with Irregular Planar Shape Based on Uniform Electric Field." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 4445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124445.
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Tactility is an essential perception for intelligent equipment to acquire external information. It can improve safety and performance during human-machine interactions. Based on the uniqueness theorem of the electrostatic field, a novel flexible film tactile sensor that can detect contact position and be made into any plane shape is proposed in this paper. The tactile sensor included an indium tin oxide (ITO) film, which was uniformly coated on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. A specially designed strong conductive line was arranged along the edge of the flexible ITO film, which has weak conductivity. A bias excitation was applied to both ends of the strong conductive line. Through the control of the shape of the strong conductive line, a uniform electric field can be constructed in the whole weak conductive plane. According to the linear relationship between position and potential in the uniform electric field, the coordinate of the contact position can be determined by obtaining the potential of the contact point in the weak conducting plane. The sensor uses a three-layer structure, including an upper conductive layer, an intermediate isolation layer, and a lower conductive layer. A tactile sensor sample was fabricated. The experiment results showed that the principle of the tactile sensor used for the contact position detection is feasible and has certain precision of position detection. The sensor has good flexibility, and can be made into any plane shape, and has only four wires. It is capable of covering large areas of robot arms, and provides safety solutions for most robots.
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Uddin, Shah Mukim, Abkar Sayad, Jianxiong Chan, Efstratios Skafidas, and Patrick Kwan. "Design and Optimisation of Elliptical-Shaped Planar Hall Sensor for Biomedical Applications." Biosensors 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020108.
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The magnetic beads detection-based immunoassay, also called magneto-immunoassay, has potential applications in point-of-care testing (POCT) due to its unique advantage of minimal background interference from the biological sample and associated reagents. While magnetic field detection technologies are well established for numerous applications in the military, as well as in geology, archaeology, mining, spacecraft, and mobile phones, adaptation into magneto-immunoassay is yet to be explored. The magnetic field biosensors under development tend to be multilayered and require an expensive fabrication process. A low-cost and affordable biosensing platform is required for an effective point-of-care diagnosis in a resource-limited environment. Therefore, we evaluated a single-layered magnetic biosensor in this study to overcome this limitation. The shape-induced magnetic anisotropy-based planar hall effect sensor was recently developed to detect a low-level magnetic field, but was not explored for medical application. In this study, the elliptical-shaped planar hall effect (EPHE) sensor was designed, fabricated, characterized, and optimized for the magneto-immunoassay, specifically. Nine sensor variants were designed and fabricated. A customized measurement setup incorporating a lock-in amplifier was used to quantify 4.5 µm magnetic beads in a droplet. The result indicated that the single-domain behaviour of the magnetic film and larger sensing area with a thinner magnetic film had the highest sensitivity. The developed sensor was tested with a range of magnetic bead concentrations, demonstrating a limit of detection of 200 beads/μL. The sensor performance encourages employing magneto-immunoassay towards developing a low-cost POCT device in the future.
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Cielo, P., C. K. Jen, and X. Maldague. "The converging-surface-acoustic-wave technique: anaylsis and applications to nondestructive evaluation." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-232.
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Converging surface-acoustic waves (SAW) are generated by irradiating the inspected material with an annular-shaped pulsed laser beam. The converging-SAW pulse arrival is detected by a laser interferometer focused on the center of the annulus, where the converging effect produces a strong amplification of the ultrasonic pulse. This technique can be applied either to the detection of defects or to the characterization of the material by measuring the SAW velocity or attenuation. In this paper we present an analysis of the converging-wave propagation in order to explain some features of the detected signal, such as its shape and amplitude for different positions of the probing beam. A comparison with the signal intensities expected for a diverging as well as a collimated SAW is also presented. Applications of this technique to the characterization of anisotropic materials as well as to the detection of subsurface planar defects are presented and discussed.
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Нургазизов, Н. И., Д. А. Бизяев, А. А. Бухараев, И. В. Русских, and Ю. В. Садчиков. "Использование планарных пермаллоевых микрочастиц для детектирования механических напряжений." Журнал технической физики 89, no. 11 (2019): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.11.48325.113-19.
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The results of the study of changes in the magnetic structure of planar permalloy microparticles under a mechanical stress are presented. The particles were formed on glass substrates and had the square shape in the sample plane. It was shown that uniaxial mechanical stresses can be detected from the images of such particles obtained by magnetic force microscope. The ranges of effectively using of the particles for a detection of the stresses were determined depending on the geometrical sizes of the particle.
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SARKAR, BISWAJIT, LOKENDRA KUMAR SINGH, and DEBRANJAN SARKAR. "A GENETIC ALGORITHM-BASED APPROACH FOR DETECTION OF SIGNIFICANT VERTICES FOR POLYGONAL APPROXIMATION OF DIGITAL CURVES." International Journal of Image and Graphics 04, no. 02 (April 2004): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467804001385.
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A polygonal approximation captures the essential features of a digital planar curve and yields a compact representation. Those points of the digital curve that carry vital information about the shape of the curve form the vertices of the approximating polygon and are called significant vertices. In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm-based approach to locate a specified number of significant points, such that the approximation error between the original curve and its polygonal version obtained by joining the adjacent significant points is minimized. By using a priori knowledge about the shape of the curve we confine our search to only those points of the curve that have the potential of qualifying as significant points. We also incorporate chromosome differentiation to improve upon the effectiveness of the search in arriving at a near-optimal polygonal approximation. Finally, we show that the proposed method performs remarkably well when evaluated in terms of the metrics available for assessing the goodness of a polygonal approximation algorithm.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Planar shape detection"
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Solis, Montero Andres. "Efficient Feature Extraction for Shape Analysis, Object Detection and Tracking." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34830.
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During the course of this thesis, two scenarios are considered. In the first one, we contribute to feature extraction algorithms. In the second one, we use features to improve object detection solutions and localization. The two scenarios give rise to into four thesis sub-goals. First, we present a new shape skeleton pruning algorithm based on contour approximation and the integer medial axis. The algorithm effectively removes unwanted branches, conserves the connectivity of the skeleton and respects the topological properties of the shape. The algorithm is robust to significant boundary noise and to rigid shape transformations. It is fast and easy to implement. While shape-based solutions via boundary and skeleton analysis are viable solutions to object detection, keypoint features are important for textured object detection. Therefore, we present a keypoint featurebased planar object detection framework for vision-based localization. We demonstrate that our framework is robust against illumination changes, perspective distortion, motion
blur, and occlusions. We increase robustness of the localization scheme in cluttered environments and decrease false detection of targets. We present an off-line target evaluation strategy and a scheme to improve pose. Third, we extend planar object detection to a real-time approach for 3D object detection using a mobile and uncalibrated camera. We develop our algorithm based on two novel naive Bayes classifiers for viewpoint and feature matching that improve performance and decrease memory usage. Our algorithm exploits the specific structure of various binary descriptors in order to boost feature matching by conserving descriptor properties. Our novel naive classifiers require a database with a small memory footprint because we only store efficiently encoded features. We improve the feature-indexing scheme to speed up the matching process creating a highly efficient database for objects. Finally, we present a model-free long-term tracking algorithm based on the Kernelized Correlation Filter. The proposed solution improves the correlation tracker based on precision, success, accuracy and robustness while increasing frame rates. We integrate adjustable Gaussian window and sparse features for robust scale estimation creating a better separation of the target and the background. Furthermore, we include fast descriptors and Fourier spectrum packed format to boost performance while decreasing the memory footprint. We compare our algorithm with state-of-the-art techniques to validate the results.
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Yu, Mulin. "Reconstruction et correction de modèles urbains à l'aide de structures de données cinétiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4077.
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Les modèles numériques 3D compacts et précis de bâtiments sont couramment utilisés par les praticiens pour la visualisation d'environnements existants ou imaginaires, les simulations physiques ou la fabrication d'objets urbains. La génération de tels modèles prêts à l'emploi est cependant un problème difficile. Lorsqu'ils sont créés par des designers, les modèles 3D contiennent généralement des erreurs géométriques dont la correction automatique est un défi scientifique. Lorsqu'ils sont créés à partir de mesures de données, généralement des balayages laser ou des images multivues, la précision et la complexité des modèles produits par les algorithmes de reconstruction existants n'atteignent souvent pas les exigences des praticiens. Dans cette thèse, j'aborde ce problème en proposant deux algorithmes : l'un pour réparer les erreurs géométriques contenues dans les formats spécifiques de modèles de bâtiments, et l'autre pour reconstruire des modèles compacts et précis à partir de nuages de points générés à partir d'un balayage laser ou d'images stéréo multivues. Le composant clé de ces algorithmes repose sur une structure de données de partitionnement d'espace capable de décomposer l'espace en cellules polyédriques de manière naturelle et efficace. Cette structure de données permet à la fois de corriger les erreurs géométriques en réassemblant les facettes de modèles 3D chargés de défauts, et de reconstruire des modèles 3D à partir de nuages de points avec une précision et complexité proche de celles générées par les outils interactifs de Conception Assistée par Ordinateur.Ma première contribution est un algorithme pour réparer différents types de modèles urbains. Les travaux antérieurs, qui reposent traditionnellement sur une analyse locale et des heuristiques géométriques sur des maillages, sont généralement conçus sur-mesure pour des formats 3D et des objets urbains spécifiques. Nous proposons une méthode plus générale pour traiter différents types de modèles urbains sans réglage fastidieux des paramètres. L'idée clé repose sur la construction d'une structure de données cinétiques qui décompose l'espace 3D en polyèdres en étendant les facettes du modèle d'entrée imparfait. Une telle structure de données permet de reconstruire toutes les relations entre les facettes de manière efficace et robuste. Une fois construites, les cellules de la partition polyédrique sont regroupées par classes sémantiques pour reconstruire le modèle de sortie corrigé. Je démontre la robustesse et l'efficacité de l'algorithme sur une variété de modèles réels chargés de défauts et montre sa compétitivité par rapport aux techniques traditionnelles de réparation de maillage à partir de données de modélisation des informations du bâtiment (BIM) et de systèmes d'information géographique (SIG). Ma deuxième contribution est un algorithme de reconstruction inspiré de la méthode Kinetic Shape Reconstruction, qui améliore cette dernière de différentes manières. En particulier, je propose une technique pour détecter des primitives planaires à partir de nuages de points 3D non organisés. Partant d'une configuration initiale, la technique affine à la fois les paramètres du plan continu et l'affectation discrète de points d'entrée à ceux-ci en recherchant une haute fidélité, une grande simplicité et une grande complétude. La solution est trouvée par un mécanisme d'exploration guidé par une fonction énergétique à objectifs multiples. Les transitions dans le grand espace des solutions sont gérées par cinq opérateurs géométriques qui créent, suppriment et modifient les primitives. Je démontre son potentiel, non seulement sur des bâtiments, mais sur une variété de scènes, des formes organiques aux objets fabriqués par l'hommeCompact and accurate digital 3D models of buildings are commonly used by practitioners for the visualization of existing or imaginary environments, the physical simulations or the fabrication of urban objects. Generating such ready-to-use models is however a difficult problem. When created by designers, 3D models usually contain geometric errors whose automatic correction is a scientific challenge. When created from data measurements, typically laser scans or multiview images, the accuracy and complexity of the models produced by existing reconstruction algorithms often do not reach the requirements of the practitioners. In this thesis, I address this problem by proposing two algorithms: one for repairing the geometric errors contained in urban-specific formats of 3D models, and one for reconstructing compact and accurate models from input point clouds generated from laser scanning or multiview stereo imagery. The key component of these algorithms relies upon a space-partitioning data structure able to decompose the space into polyhedral cells in a natural and efficient manner. This data structure is used to both correct geometric errors by reassembling the facets of defect-laden 3D models, and reconstruct concise 3D models from point clouds with a quality that approaches those generated by Computer-Aided-Design interactive tools.My first contribution is an algorithm to repair different types of urban models. Prior work, which traditionally relies on local analysis and heuristic-based geometric operations on mesh data structures, is typically tailored-made for specific 3D formats and urban objects. We propose a more general method to process different types of urban models without tedious parameter tuning. The key idea lies on the construction of a kinetic data structure that decomposes the 3D space into polyhedra by extending the facets of the imperfect input model. Such a data structure allows us to re-build all the relations between the facets in an efficient and robust manner. Once built, the cells of the polyhedral partition are regrouped by semantic classes to reconstruct the corrected output model. I demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the algorithm on a variety of real-world defect-laden models and show its competitiveness with respect to traditional mesh repairing techniques from both Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data.My second contribution is a reconstruction algorithm inspired by the Kinetic Shape Reconstruction method, that improves the later in different ways. In particular, I propose a data fitting technique for detecting planar primitives from unorganized 3D point clouds. Departing from an initial configuration, the technique refines both the continuous plane parameters and the discrete assignment of input points to them by seeking high fidelity, high simplicity and high completeness. The solution is found by an exploration mechanism guided by a multi-objective energy function. The transitions within the large solution space are handled by five geometric operators that create, remove and modify primitives. I demonstrate its potential, not on buildings only, but on a variety of scenes, from organic shapes to man-made objects
Books on the topic "Planar shape detection"
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Casazza, John. Sham? Shame!: Inside the electric power industry. [Springfield, Va: American Education Institute, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Planar shape detection"
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Vogt, Ludwig, Yannick Zimmermann, and Johannes Schilp. "Computing Gripping Points in 2D Parallel Surfaces Via Polygon Clipping." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021, 101–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74032-0_9.
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AbstractTo generate suitable grasping positions between tessellated handling objects and specific planar grippers, we propose a 2D analytical approach which uses a polygon clipping algorithm to generate detailed information about the intersection between both objects. With the generated knowledge about the intersection we check whether its shape fits to the set criteria of the operator and represents a valid grasping position. Before the polygon clipping algorithm is applied, a preprocessing step is performed, where appropriate surfaces from the handling object and the gripper are extracted. After rotating all surfaces into a common plane, potential clipping positions are detected and the clipping is performed to get an accurate intersection detection. The validation shows comparable running times to a OBBTree algorithm (0.1 ms per grasping position) while increasing the stability of the results from 30 to 100% for the evaluated test objects.
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Irshad, Misbah, Muhammad Sarfraz, and Malik Zawwar Hussain. "Outline Capture of Planar Objects by Detecting Corner Features." In Computer Vision and Image Processing in Intelligent Systems and Multimedia Technologies, 280–98. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6030-4.ch016.
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This chapter proposes a scheme that helps digitizing hand printed and electronic planar objects or vectorizing the generic shapes. An evolutionary optimization technique, namely Genetic Algorithm (GA), is used to solve the problem of curve fitting with cubic and rational cubic spline functions. The underlying scheme is comprised of various phases including data of the image outlines, detection of corner points, using GA for optimal values of shape parameters in the description of spline functions, and fitting curve using spline functions to the detected corner points.
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Sarfraz, Muhammad. "Detecting Corner Features of Planar Objects." In Computer Vision and Image Processing in Intelligent Systems and Multimedia Technologies, 262–79. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6030-4.ch015.
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Corner points or features determine significant geometrical locations of the digital images. They provide important clues for shape representation and analysis. Corner points represent important features of an object that may be useful at subsequent levels of processing. If the corner points are identified properly, a shape can be represented in an efficient and compact way with sufficient accuracy in many shape analysis problem. This chapter reviews some well referred algorithms in the literature together with empirical study. Users can easily pick one that may prove to be superior from all aspects for their applications and requirements.
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Santos Mateos, Roi, Xose M. Pardo, and Xose R. Fdez-Vidal. "Build 3D Abstractions with Wireframes." In Applications of Pattern Recognition. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96141.
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This chapter serves as an introduction to 3D representations of scenes or Structure From Motion (SfM) from straight line segments. Lines are frequently found in captures of man-made environments, and in nature are mixed with more organic shapes. The inclusion of straight lines in 3D representations provide structural information about the captured shapes and their limits, such as the intersection of planar structures. Line based SfM methods are not frequent in the literature due to the difficulty of detecting them reliably, their morphological changes under changes of perspective and the challenges inherent to finding correspondences of segments in images between the different views. Additionally, compared to points, lines add the dimensionalities carried by the line directions and lengths, which prevents the epipolar constraint to be valid along a straight line segment between two different views. This chapter introduces the geometrical relations which have to be exploited for SfM sketch or abstraction based on line segments, the optimization methods for its optimization, and how to compare the experimental results with Ground-Truth measurements.
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Chang, C. J., F. Wong, and P. Vincelli. "CHAPTER 38: Detection of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex in Peach, Plum, and Shade Trees." In Detection of Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria in Seed and Other Planting Material, Second Edition, 279–86. The American Phytopathological Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890545416.038.
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Chakraverti, Sugandha, Ashish Kumar Chakraverti, Jyoti Kumar, Piyush Bhushan Singh, and Rakesh Ranjan. "A Review on Automatic Plant Species Recognition System by Leaf Image Using Machine Learning in Indian Ecological System." In Artificial Intelligence and Natural Algorithms, 118–41. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815036091122010010.
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India is the land of agriculture with many varieties of plant species. These species have different uses in the medical, food, and harvesting industries. Despite having such a large collection of plants and agricultural assets, most of the Indian population is not aware of the goodness and properties of these precious plants except the usual ones. In this chapter, discussion and possibilities in this area are given and explored for the awareness of Indian people regarding the Indian plants. In this area, artificial intelligence and machine learning will likely develop an automated detecting machine that can classify and describe the plants by their images of leaves, bark, flowers, and stems. Looking forward in this direction, this chapter discusses an AI and ML based technique to recognize vegetation by the image of its leaves. In this approach, SIFT and ORB-based technique removes leaf image features and then tests the data set to match with a trained data set. The system is trained with 32 plant leaves. Henceforth, this system can recognize these plants by the image of their leaves. The uniqueness of this system is its data set. In the data set, the image of the leaf is prepared so that both sides of a leaf can be used to recognize the plant. This increase distinguishes the image irrespective of its color and shape. The system is still in an evolving phase that has the target of including all rare and useful plant information in this dataset. This system is very useful to preserve the information of all users, rare plants and those plants that are about to be extinct.
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Nagaraju, Mamillapally, and Mulukutla Trivikram. "PIR-Enabled Security System for Internet of Things Using Raspberry Pi." In Exploring the Convergence of Big Data and the Internet of Things, 113–28. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2947-7.ch009.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolution of mobile, home and embedded systems that can be connected to internet increasing greater capabilities of data analytics to extract meaningful information, which can further used for decision making. Billions of devices are connected to internet and soon its number may grow higher than number of human beings on this planet. These connected devices integrated together can become a network of intelligent systems that share data over the cloud to analyze. IoT is an emerging technology where several machines are embedded with low power consuming sensors that allow them to rely data from each other with little or no human intervention. Especially, PIR motion sensor plays a key role in security systems for detecting movements, intrusion and occupancy by interacting with other devices simultaneously like alarms, cameras etc. In this paper, researchers studied IoT applications using PIR motion sensor and proposed architecture and algorithms to be implemented for better development of security systems.
Conference papers on the topic "Planar shape detection"
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Fang, Hao, Florent Lafarge, and Mathieu Desbrun. "Planar Shape Detection at Structural Scales." In 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2018.00313.
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Mokji, Musa. "Concave and Convex Area on Planar Curve for Shape Defect Detection and Recognition." In 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isspit.2006.270846.
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Cook, K. F., and R. J. Cipra. "An Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Algorithm for a Planar Manipular." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0058.
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Abstract This paper develops the modeling, simulation and path modification for obstacle avoidance capabilities in an application to a planar robotic mechanism. Geometric and computer models are developed for both the robotic mechanism, as well as for the obstacles which make up the workspace environment. Obstacle expansion is utilized to reduce the models of the robotic links to simple line segments. Obstacle detection is achieved through the use of obstacle detection grids, which are constructed to cover the intended area of robotic motion. The classification of motion will be determined entirely from the initial and final configuration of the robot. This classification of robotic motion will determine the shape and type of the grid used to detect the obstacles. Upon obstacle detection, several path modification algorithms are implemented to circumvent these obstructions. The end result and goal of this paper is achieved through the final generation of an obstacle-free trajectory as illustrated by a comprehensive example.
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Bariatto, Marcelo, Rogerio Furlan, Koiti Arakai, and Jorge J. Santiago-Aviles. "A Simple Silicon Based Nitric Oxide Sensor." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0327.
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Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is known to mediate many beneficial physiology processes, motivating its detection in vivo as well as in vitro. Electrochemical detection provides the required cellular level determination of NO among several other techniques. In this work, electrochemical micro-sensors for both types of detection, in vivo and in vitro, were developed, exploring the silicon planar technology, which presents high yield and reliability and also permits batch fabrication. The developed in vitro sensor features eight detection sites (10 μm × 10 μm microelectrodes), for determination of nitric oxide spatial distribution or multi-species analysis. Different electrochemical methods were applied to provide sensor calibration and chemical reproducibility. For in vivo analysis, the designed structures have a needle shape (40 μm thick) and they were silicon micro-machined by using plasma etching or etch stop techniques. Different configurations were designed and implemented, containing a number of detection microelectrodes that vary from 2 to 10. The amperometric detection of both nitric oxide and nitride (NO2−) — a molecule that causes an interference — were investigated by using the in vitro micro-sensor configuration. The need of a cationic exchanger (Nafion) was demonstrated in order to provide selectivity to NO for low concentrations. Also, the developed sensor has a sensitivity of 500 A/M.cm2 and a detection limit of 10 μM.
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Spanner, Jack. "Improving Ultrasonic Examination Procedures for Detection of Thermal Fatigue." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65855.
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This paper describes improvements to the ultrasonic procedures to be used for the detection of thermal fatigue in nuclear power plants in accordance with the requirements of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Material Reliability Program (MRP) inspection and evaluation guidelines. These examinations have been performed at nuclear plants in the USA since the 1980s with very few detections of degradation. However, since 2013 there have been ten instances of thermal fatigue cracks. The MRP formed a thermal fatigue focus group to analyze these leaks and flaws related to thermal fatigue inspection programs. Then the group developed recommendations to address these recent operational experiences. The MRP has been developing improvements to the ultrasonic examination process and this paper will share these. A computer based training program for the ultrasonic personnel has been developed that will be described. And finally, the MRP has fabricated a variety of thermal fatigue mockups that are loaned to member utilities prior to an outage so the ultrasonic personnel can practice detecting thermal fatigue just prior to the examinations. Implementation of these mockups will also be described.
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Parvez, Mohammad Salman, Md Fazlay Rubby, Sajid Mahfuz Ucchyash, Prosanto Biswas, Hasina Huq, and Nazmul Islam. "Micro Flow Direction Analysis Using Gold Sputtered Planar V-Shaped Electrode Pattern." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20305.
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Abstract Sensing and detecting micro particles require a bulk fluid motion towards the sensing element in order to get a desirable response from the sensing element. Specially for low-concentrated fluid suspension response time is very long. So both for detection and sensing mechanism if the fluid flow is guided at a reasonable speed and at a low voltage and relatively low frequency which is suitable for bio-particles; the sensing mechanism can be enhanced largely. But sometimes it is required to re-accumulate or recombine the fluid. Previously parallel plate configuration was used to concentrate particle, but this is for the first time a V-shaped electrode pattern used to guide the bulk flow for concentration purpose. The V-shaped electrode set-up was made by following an unconventional way using sputtering machine which was cheaper than the conventional Photolithography method. AC-Electroosmosis from planar electrodes is a strong mechanism for creating micro-flows from several hundred microns away from the electrode surface. The mechanism for the AC Electroosmotic fluid flow is based on Capacitive charging which causes due to the generation of counter-ions at the electrode-electrolyte interface and Faradaic charging which is generated by the accumulation of co-ions. These two different methods are responsible for a converging and diverging surface flow of the fluid particles. At lower voltage capacitive charging method plays a significant role and most of the applied voltage drops occur at the electrical double layer but up to a certain voltage level Faradaic charging method takes over and starts dominating. The induced flow velocity by both methods has different relationship with the applied voltage. In this experiment Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to determine the suitable frequency range for the application & 2.12Vrms was used initially which is a very low voltage. An equivalent circuit for the setup was analyzed. Finally, an analysis was made on this setup using conductive fluid to observe the AC Electrothermal (ACET) effect. In our experiment the goal was to get an optimum velocity for concentration at low voltage and low frequency also to observe the guiding direction of the fluid flow in order to find a way to focus the fluid flow towards the desired direction.
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Joseph, Joane, Thayne Currie, Jessica Gersh-Range, Robert J. Vanderbei, N. Jeremy Kasdin, and Christian Delacroix. "Shaped pupil coronagraph design for Subaru high-contrast imaging with reduction of the inner working angle for earth-like planet detection." In Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX, edited by Stuart B. Shaklan. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2529719.
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Krynicki, Joseph W., Lujian Peng, Gustavo Gonzalez, and Neeraj Thirumalai. "Use of Synthetic Flaws to Assess Pipeline Seam Weld Inspection Performance." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61294.
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Abstract Pipeline seam welds are often inspected using ultrasonic In-Line Inspection (ILI) technologies. The measurement performance specification of an ultrasonic ILI tool is based on simple, planar, machined notches which are very reproducible, but are not representative of the complex flaw morphologies that occur naturally in seams such as hook cracks and tilted lack of fusion flaws. In order to assess ILI performance on naturally occurring flaws, “in-the-ditch” Nondestructive Testing (ITD NDT) is performed to validate a subset of the population of ILI reported features. Due to the limited number, type, and dimensional (height and length) uncertainty of these flaws, the field validation approach has limitations in terms of efficiency and accuracy in determining ILI detection capabilities and sizing performance. Recently, specialized synthetic flaw fabrication technology has been developed and provides complex, natural crack-like morphologies with reliable and reproducible size dimensions. Effective validation spools with flaws (of representative geometries) can be achieved through engineered designs that consider the number, size and shape of manufactured flaws. This enables owners to quickly and reliably assess the performance of both ILI tools and ITD NDT operators. Assessing performance with the synthetic flaw approach provides results that are more comprehensive and cost-effective compared to the typical field validation approach alone. This is because the flaw population is designed rather than randomly selected from excavation data. This paper addresses the design, use and field experience with validation spools. This paper will present the performance of ILI tools and UT examiners based on synthetic flaw qualification exams, and how this supports related ILI and operator validation work.
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Harnett, C. K., and C. J. Kimmer. "Digital Origami From Geometrically Frustrated Tiles." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13477.
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This paper describes “digital origami” from geometrically frustrated tiles: arrays of structures that cannot attain an energetically favorable flat state because of internal constraints. Each tile can typically snap between two symmetric energy-minimizing states, and neighboring tiles are coupled so that a collection of binary tile states determines the local curvature of the entire sheet. Modular structures like these tiles give great advantages in manufacturing and in predictive simulation, and their discrete nature is a good match for digital readout and control of self-folding systems. The digital origami concept applies to materials from the nanoscale to the macroscale. An example from previous researchers is a metal sheet with an array of dimples that can flex up or down. In this paper we investigate more general techniques that can develop planar sheets into bistable structures. Such methods include installing compressed pieces into a flat sheet of material, or tying together parts of a sheet (smocking). These methods work with a large variety of technologically important materials including circuit boards and semiconductor substrates. While there are clear benefits to such structures, significant obstacles to design exist in manufacturing, in evaluating their mechanical properties, and in choosing the best arrangement of tile states to match a desired shape. Determining the optimal flipping order of tile states to change the sheet from one shape to another is a sequencing problem analogous to protein folding, and origami from non-planar surfaces is a little-explored area in the fine arts. The paper discusses algorithms for curve-matching with one-dimensional arrays by error diffusion, and shape prediction for two-dimensional sheets with pre-programmed tile states. Low computational cost is required for creating structures that can predict, detect, and even change their own three-dimensional shapes using low-power onboard microprocessors. Motivators for this challenge include shape measurement over a large size range — for example, detecting the changing shapes of biological microstructures or endowing robots with a spatial sense similar to human proprioception — and self-modeling of structural properties for lightweight morphing structures that can strengthen for impact in a given direction using a limited amount of material.
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Cady, Eric J., N. Jeremy Kasdin, Robert Vanderbei, and Ruslan Belikov. "Optimal design of petal-shaped occulters for extra-solar planet detection." In Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Daniel R. Coulter. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.734465.
Full textReports on the topic "Planar shape detection"
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Jordan, Ramon L., Abed Gera, Hei-Ti Hsu, Andre Franck, and Gad Loebenstein. Detection and Diagnosis of Virus Diseases of Pelargonium. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568793.bard.
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Pelargonium (Geranium) is the number one pot plant in many areas of the United States and Europe. Israel and the U.S. send to Europe rooted cuttings, foundation stocks and finished plants to supply a certain share of the market. Geraniums are propagated mainly vegetatively from cuttings. Consequently, viral diseases have been and remain a major threat to the production and quality of the crop. Among the viruses isolated from naturally infected geraniums, 11 are not specific to Pelargonium and occur in other crops while 6 other viruses seem to be limited to geranium. However, several of these viruses are not sufficiently characterized to conclude that they are distinct agents and their nomenclature and taxonomy are confusing. The ability to separate, distinguish and detect the different viruses in geranium will overcome obstacles te developing effective detection and certification schemes. Our focus was to further characterize some of these viruses and develop better methods for their detection and control. These viruses include: isolates of pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), pelargonium ringspot virus (PelRSV), pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), pelargonium leaf curl (PLCV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV). Twelve hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to a geranium isolate of TomRSV were produced. These antibodies are currently being characterized and will be tested for the ability to detect TomRSV in infected geraniums. The biological, biochemical and serological properties of four isometric viruses - PLPV, PelRSV, and PFBV (and a PelRSV-like isolate from Italy called GR57) isolated from geraniums exhibiting line and ring pattern or flower break symptoms - and an isolate ol elderbeny latent virus (ELV; which the literature indicates is the same as PelRSV) have been determined Cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of these viruses were sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. A portion of the putative replicase genes was also sequenced from cloned RT-PCR fragments. We have shown that, when compared to the published biochemical and serological properties, and sequences and genome organizations of other small isometric plant viruses, all of these viruses should each be considered new, distinct members of the Carmovirus group of the family Tombusviridae. Hybridization assays using recombinant DNA probes also demonstrated that PLPV, PelRSV, and ELV produce only one subgenomic RNA in infected plants. This unusual property of the gene expression of these three viruses suggests that they are unique among the Carmoviruses. The development of new technologies for the detection of these viruses in geranium was also demonstrated. Hybridization probes developed to PFBV (radioactively-labeled cRNA riboprobes) and to PLPV (non-radioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNAs) were generally shown to be no more sensitive for the detection of virus in infected plants than the standard ELISA serology-based assays. However, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was shown to be over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected geranium than was ELISA. This research has lead to a better understanding of the identity of the viruses infecting pelargonium and to the development of new tools that can be used in an improved scheme of providing virus-indexed pelargonium plants. The sequence information, and the serological and cloned DNA probes generated from this work, will allow the application of these new tools for virus detection, which will be useful in domestic and international indexing programs which are essential for the production of virus-free germplasm both for domestic markets and the international exchange of plant material.
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Chen, Yona, Jeffrey Buyer, and Yitzhak Hadar. Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere in Relation to the Iron Nutrition of Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7613020.bard.
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Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the soil, but since it forms insoluble hydroxides at neutral and basic pH, it often falls short of meeting the basic requirements of plants and microorganisms. Most aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms possess a high-affinity Fe transport system in which siderophores are excreted and the consequent Fe complex is taken up via a cognate specific receptor and a transport pathway. The role of the siderophore in Fe uptake by plants and microorganisms was the focus of this study. In this research Rhizopus arrhizus was found to produce a novel siderophore named Rhizoferrin when grown under Fe deficiency. This compound was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated. Fe-Rhizoferrin was found to alleviate Fe deficiency when applied to several plants grown in nutrient solutions. It was concluded that Fe-Rhizoferrin is the most efficient Fe source for plants when compared with other among microbial siderophores known to date and its activity equals that of the most efficient synthetic commercial iron fertilizer-Fe EDDHA. Siderophores produced by several rhizosphere organisms including Rhizopus Pseudomonas were purified. Monoclonal antibodies were produced and used to develop a method for detection of the siderophores produced by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms in barley rhizosphere. The presence of an Fe-ferrichrome uptake in fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was demonstrated, and its structural requirements were mapped in P. putida with the help of biomimetic ferrichrome analogs. Using competition experiments, it was shown that FOB, Cop B and FC share at least one common determinant in their uptake pathway. Since FC analogs did not affect FOB or Cop-mediated 55Fe uptake, it could be concluded that these siderophores make use of a different receptor(s) than FC. Therefore, recognition of Cop, FOB and FC proceeds through different receptors having different structural requirements. On the other hand, the phytosiderophores mugineic acid (MA and DMA), were utilized indirectly via ligand exchange by P. putida. Receptors from different biological systems seem to differ in their structural requirements for siderophore recognition and uptake. The design of genus- or species-specific drugs, probes or chemicals, along with an understanding of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe relationships as well as developing methods to detect siderophores using monoclonal antibodies are useful for manipulating the composition of the rhizosphere microbial population for better plant growth, Fe-nutrition and protection from diseases.