Relevant bibliographies by topics / Planarian

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Planarian'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Planarian"

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Kreshchenko, Grebenshchikova, and Karpov. "INFLUENCE OF SEROTONIN ON PLANARIAN PHOTORECEPTORS’ REGENERATION." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.278-283.

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The paper presents data on the effect of biogenic amine, serotonin, on morphogenetic processes in planarians Schmidtea mediterranea and Girardia tigrina(Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes). For the study, cut-off median and tail fragments of the planarian body were used, in which eye regeneration was observed. Photoreceptor recovery occurred from the 3rd to the 6th day of regeneration. In experimental specimens exposed to serotonin at a concentration of 0.1–1 μM, acceleration of the photoreceptor regeneration process was observed. The stimulating effect was observed at 4–5 days after surgery. Planaria (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes) are free-living flatworms related to parasitic trematodes, cestodes and monogenges. In addition to the nervous, muscular, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems, they have a pair of simple eyes (photoreceptors), so they can distinguish the intensity and direction of the light flux and are oriented in space [1]. Planarium eyes are located on the dorsal surface of the head part of the body and consist of photoreceptor and pigment cells that form an "eye cup". Planaria can regenerate the whole organism from a small fragment. In the process of regeneration, the planarium can completely restore the head ganglion (brain), as well as other organs, including the eyes.Our task was to study the dynamics of photoreceptor differentiation in planarians Schmidtea mediterranea, and to investigate the possible morphogenetic function of serotonin in S. mediterranea and G. tigrina
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Lee, Michael, Jing-Jie Syu, Chia-Ying Chu, and Yen-Wen Lu. "Gene Delivery System Using Droplet Injector and Temperature-Controlled Planarian Holder." Inventions 3, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions3030057.

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A microinjection system for gene delivery to a planarian was presented with materials widely used by manufacturers. The system consists of a nanoliter droplet generator/injector and a planarian holder. Glass capillary needles were used to consistently generate droplets and to inject droplets into a planarian. The holder provides a low-temperature environment that immobilizes the planarian for injection. Our system was tested and showed successful injections of microbeads and droplets with double-stranded RNA into the planarian. The results demonstrated the capability of our system as an alternative for gene delivery for studying gene functions in planarians or other living objects for regenerative medicine studies.
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Pagán, Oné R., Debra L. Baker, Sean Deats, Mary O’Brien, Rochelle Dymond, and Gabriella DeMichele. "Measuring functional brain recovery in regenerating planarians by assessing the behavioral response to the cholinergic compound cytisine." International Journal of Developmental Biology 64, no. 7-8-9 (2020): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.180145op.

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Planarians are traditional model invertebrates in regeneration and developmental biology research that also display a variety of quantifiable behaviors useful to screen for pharmacologically active compounds. One such behavior is the expression of seizure-like movements (pSLMs) induced by a variety of substances. Previous work from our laboratory showed that cocaine, but not nicotine, induced pSLMs in intact but not decapitated planarians. Interestingly, as decapitated planarians regenerated their heads, they gradually recovered their sensitivity to cocaine. These results suggested a method to assess planarian brain regeneration and a possible way of identifying compounds that could enhance or hold back brain regeneration. In the present work, we demonstrate that the cholinergic agent cytisine is a suitable reference compound to apply our method. Cytisine induces pSLMs in a concentration-dependent manner in intact (but not decapitated) planarians of the species Girardia tigrina. Based on our data, we developed a behavioral protocol to assess planarian brain regeneration over time. We tested this method to measure the effect of ethanol on G. tigrina’s brain regeneration. We found that ethanol slows down the rate of planarian brain regeneration in a concentration-dependent manner, consistently with data from other research groups that tested ethanol effects on planarian brain regeneration using different behavioral protocols. Thus, here we establish a general method using cytisine-induced pSLMs as an indicator of brain regeneration in planarians, a method that shows potential for assessing the effect of pharmacologically active compounds in this process.
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Ding, Xue, Linxia Song, Yahong Han, Yingbo Wang, Xiaowang Tang, Guicai Cui, and Zhenbiao Xu. "Effects of Fe3+ on Acute Toxicity and Regeneration of Planarian (Dugesia japonica) at Different Temperatures." BioMed Research International 2019 (August 22, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8591631.

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Objective. To investigate the effects of different concentrations of Fe3+ on the acute toxicity and regeneration of planarian at different temperatures. Method. The planarians were treated with 40 mg/l, 50 mg/l, 60 mg/l, and 70 mg/l Fe3+ solution and placed in 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C, respectively, to observe the mortality and the poisoning pattern of the planarian. In addition, the planarians were cut into three parts of head, trunk, and tail, then placed in Fe3+ solution at concentrations of 10 mg/l, 15 mg/l, 20 mg/l, and 30 mg/l, and placed in 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C respectively, and the regeneration rate of the planarian was investigated. Results. At the same temperature, in the concentration of Fe3+ from 40 mg/l to 70 mg/l, the mortality of the planarian increased with the increasing of the concentration of Fe3+; at the same concentration and different temperatures, the death speed of the planarian is the fastest at 20°C, the next at 25°C, and the lowest at 15°C, indicating that the toxic effect of Fe3+ can be accelerated at a suitable temperature of 20°C. At the same temperature, in the low concentration of Fe3+ from 10 mg/l to 30 mg/l, the regeneration rate of the planarian gradually decreased with the increasing of the concentration of Fe3+; at the same concentration and different temperature, the regeneration rate of planarian was faster at 20°C and 25°C, but the difference between 20°C and 25°C was small, and the slowest at 15°C, indicating that the low temperature significantly affects the planarian regeneration speed. The study also found the regeneration rates of the head, trunk, and tail of the planarian were different; the head regeneration was the fastest, the trunk was the second, and the tail was the slowest. Conclusion. Fe3+ had obvious toxic effects on the survival and regeneration of planarian; the planarian is sensitive to Fe3+ and may be used to detect Fe3+ water pollution; in addition, temperature can affect the toxic effects of Fe3+ and thus affect the survival and regeneration of the planarian. Therefore, the temperature should be taken into consideration when detecting water Fe3+ pollution.
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Adell, Teresa, Emili Saló, Jack J. W. A. van Loon, and Gennaro Auletta. "Planarians Sense Simulated Microgravity and Hypergravity." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/679672.

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Planarians are flatworms, which belong to the phylumPlatyhelminthes.They have been a classical subject of study due to their amazing regenerative ability, which relies on the existence of adult totipotent stem cells. Nowadays they are an emerging model system in the field of developmental, regenerative, and stem cell biology. In this study we analyze the effect of a simulated microgravity and a hypergravity environment during the process of planarian regeneration and embryogenesis. We demonstrate that simulated microgravity by means of the random positioning machine (RPM) set at a speed of 60 °/s but not at 10 °/s produces the dead of planarians. Under hypergravity of 3 g and 4 g in a large diameter centrifuge (LDC) planarians can regenerate missing tissues, although a decrease in the proliferation rate is observed. Under 8 g hypergravity small planarian fragments are not able to regenerate. Moreover, we found an effect of gravity alterations in the rate of planarian scission, which is its asexual mode of reproduction. No apparent effects of altered gravity were found during the embryonic development.
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BARAHONA-SEGOVIA, RODRIGO M., JUAN FRANCISCO ARAYA, and LAURA PAÑINAO-MONSÁLVEZ. "New records of the giant planarian Polycladus gayi Blanchard, 1845 (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) with notes on its conservation biology." Zootaxa 4822, no. 4 (August 7, 2020): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.4.9.

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Land planarians (Tricladida:Geoplanidae) comprise about 910 species distributed in four subfamilies and can be found on all continents except Antarctica (Sluys & Riutort 2018; Sluys 2019). The Neotropical region possesses nearly 31% of all the described terrestrial planarian species, most of them belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae (Sluys 1999; Grau & Carbayo 2010). Land planarians are mostly habitat-specialists, living in the humid soils of native forest, and predating on invertebrates like earthworms, isopods, mollusks and harvestmen, among others (Ogren 1995; Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet 2003; Boll & Leal-Zanchet 2016). Although most planarian species seem to be physiologically sensitive, for example to environmental moisture, a few land planarian genera like Bipalium Stimpson and Obama Carbayo et al., have successfully invaded many habitats, even in highly perturbed areas (Kawaguti 1932; Sluys 2019). Therefore, some of these invertebrate species appear to be good candidates as habitat quality bioindicators according to some authors (Sluys 1998; Gerlach et al., 2013; Negrete et al., 2014).
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Thumé, Isabela Salvador, and Marcos Emílio Frizzo. "Sertraline Induces Toxicity and Behavioral Alterations in Planarians." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5792621.

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Toxicity attributed to sertraline has been demonstrated recently in different cell types and also in some organisms. We investigated the effect of sertraline on planarians, which are considered suitable for investigations in neurotoxicology and currently are widely used as an animal model in neuropharmacological studies. Planarians treated with 10 µM sertraline showed a rapid reduction in their spontaneous movement until they became completely motionless and then showed a series of asynchronous paroxysms (seizures) followed by progressive tissue damage, beginning 48 h after the sertraline treatment, and died approximately 72 h later. Our data showed that sertraline does not cause planarian death within the range of therapeutic concentrations; however, behavioral alterations were observed with concentrations that can be considered compatible with therapeutic ones, such as a significant reduction in planarian locomotory activity at 0.4 µM. Treatment with 4 µM sertraline had a significant effect, reducing planarian locomotory activity and increasing the number of asynchronous paroxysms; both effects were significantly maintained even 24 h after the sertraline was withdrawn. These behavioral changes observed at low micromolar concentrations suggest that sertraline might have residual biological consequences for planarians, even after it is withdrawn.
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Owren, Michael J., and Dana L. Scheuneman. "An Inexpensive Habituation and Sensitization Learning Laboratory Exercise Using Planarians." Teaching of Psychology 20, no. 4 (December 1993): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2004_6.

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We describe an inexpensive laboratory exercise that uses planarians to demonstrate habituation and sensitization. Students drop water from an eyedropper onto a planarian's anterior region and observe its contraction responses. Initially, students practice the procedure until attaining high interobserver reliability in scoring the degree of contraction. Subsequently, they measure the decline in responsivity that occurs over repeated stimulus presentations. Following habituation, the planarian is drawn in and out of the eyedropper several times, resulting in sensitization and dishabituation of the contractile response in accordance with dual-process theory (Groves & Thompson, 1970). This procedure can also be used to demonstrate spontaneous recovery and short-versus long-term habituation processes.
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Miyamoto, Mai, Miki Hattori, Kazutaka Hosoda, Mika Sawamoto, Minako Motoishi, Tetsutaro Hayashi, Takeshi Inoue, and Yoshihiko Umesono. "The pharyngeal nervous system orchestrates feeding behavior in planarians." Science Advances 6, no. 15 (April 2020): eaaz0882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz0882.

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Planarians exhibit traits of cephalization but are unique among bilaterians in that they ingest food by means of goal-directed movements of a trunk-positioned pharynx, following protrusion of the pharynx out of the body, raising the question of how planarians control such a complex set of body movements for achieving robust feeding. Here, we use the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica to show that an isolated pharynx amputated from the planarian body self-directedly executes its entire sequence of feeding functions: food sensing, approach, decisions about ingestion, and intake. Gene-specific silencing experiments by RNA interference demonstrated that the pharyngeal nervous system (PhNS) is required not only for feeding functions of the pharynx itself but also for food-localization movements of individual animals, presumably via communication with the brain. These findings reveal an unexpected central role of the PhNS in the linkage between unique morphological phenotypes and feeding behavior in planarians.
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P. Tiras, Kh, S. V. Gudkov, V. I. Emelyanenko, and K. B. Aslanidi. "Reactive Oxygen Species Registration in Planarian Regeneration." Applied Physics Research 7, no. 6 (September 24, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v7n6p13.

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<p class="1Body">Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are directly involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in a variety of organisms. We studied kinetics of own luminescence induced by changes of ROS in early stages of planarian regeneration. Kinetics of chemiluminescence were measured in intact planarians and the same individuals after decapitation within 15 hours. We analyzed the traumatic fluorescent signal obtained as the difference between kinetics of intact and decapitated planarians. It was found that regeneration is accompanied by changes in the content of ROS correlated with the energy-intensive process in regenerating planarians. Oxidative stress was caused by damage to cell membranes in the dissection of the planarian and it was accompanied by a drop in the intensity of luminescence with a time constant of about 3.6 hours. Phagocytosis of dying cells by neoblasts was accompanied by an increase of the luminescence intensity after 2 - 3 hours after decapitation. Neoblast mitosis was described by two maximums of luminescence over 5.1 hours and 8.3 hours after decapitation. For the first time we demonstrated the opportunity of registering the physiological state of pluripotent stem cells at the level of the organism <em>in vivo</em>.</p>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Planarian"

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Lewallen, Melissa A. "The Metabolic Physiology of Planarian Flatworms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538679/.

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Using a high throughput closed respirometry method to measure oxygen consumption, I determined metabolic rates in asexual and sexual Schmidtea mediterranea and Girardia dorotocephala, as a function of temperature, taxon, stressors, reproductive mode, age, regeneration, and specific dynamic action. This study has shown that oxygen consumption can reliably be measured in planaria using optode closed respirometry, and also provided a reliable method for measuring wet mass in planaria, which has been a challenge to researchers in the past. This research revealed that oxygen consumption in S. mediterranea is 1.5-2.1X greater in the sexual strain over the asexual strain at 13-18°C. Within the sexual strain, oxygen consumption is 1.5 -2.2X greater in sexually mature adults over the sexually immature groups (hatchlings, juveniles, and regenerating sexuals). Furthermore, I was able to quantify differences in sexual morphology between these groups exhibiting significant differences in oxygen consumption. The results of this research supports a theory of higher metabolic costs with sexual maturity in S. mediterranea. Therefore, this study has established sexual and asexual S. mediterranea as simple, yet attractive models for investigating energetic costs between sexual and asexual phenotypes. This research also provided quantitative values for specific dynamic action in planaria, with a maximum increase in oxygen consumption of 160% induced by feeding, as well as metabolic relationships in planaria involving temperature, age, and regeneration. These values establish planaria as one of the simplest animal models in which common metabolic patterns, such as SDA and poikilothermic temperature sensitivity, have been demonstrated. Therefore, this research has contributed to the overall knowledge of the basic physiology in this animal, providing the framework for future metabolic studies in planaria involving environmental factors, reproduction, regeneration, development, and aging. Information from this study may supplement interpretation and understanding of modern cellular, molecular, and genomic studies in planaria.
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Mustonen, Katie Lynn. "Endocannabinoid System in a Planarian Model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33188/.

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In this study, the presence and possible function of endocannabinoid ligands in the planarian is investigated. The endocannabinoids ananadamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and entourage NAE compounds palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), stearoylethanolamide (SEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were found in Dugesia dorotocephala. Changes in SEA, PEA, and AEA levels were observed over the initial twelve hours of active regeneration. Exogenously applied AEA, 2-AG and their catabolic inhibition effected biphasic changes in locomotor velocity, analogous to those observed in murines. The genome of a close relative, Schmidtea mediterranea, courtesy of the University of Utah S. med genome database, was explored for cannabinoid receptors, none were found. A putative fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) homolog was found in Schmidtea mediterranea.
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An, Yang. "Genome analysis of the planarian Dugesia japonica." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199140.

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Tan, Thomas Ching-Jen. "Telomere biology in the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12308/.

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Freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is an emerging model for studying in vivo gene functions and regulation in native cell niches. The obligate asexual strain of this species reproduces by fission, in which succession of soma occurs without passing through the germline. To achieve this somatic immortality the somatic stem cells need to overcome the end replication problem. Therefore it can be hypothesised that somatic telomere maintenance in asexual S. mediterranea must possess a germ-like property, with which age-related erosions can be adequately repaired. In this PhD project, the telomere repeat unit in S. mediterranea was confirmed to be the vertebrate-like TTAGGG. Attrition of whole body telomere length was found in ageing sexual worms and also in asexual worms which had not gone through recent fission events. Opposite telomere length dynamics were observed in regenerated samples of the two strains, with erosion in the sexuals and reset in the asexuals. The telomere maintenance was found to increase during regeneration in both strains, with a higher level of increase in asexual worms. A homolog of the telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit, Smed_Tert, was identified and characterised in this organism. High level of Smed_Tert expression was seen in germ cells in mature sexual worms and adult stem cells in asexual worms. Knockdown of Smed_Tert expression by RNA interference caused progressive telomere erosion, however effects on cell proliferation and viability have not been observed in knockdown samples. Four alternate splice isoforms of Smed_Tert were identified. The enhanced telomerase activity during regeneration correlates with a proportional increase in the full-length isoform and a decrease in isoforms with a truncated TRBD domain, suggesting a dominant negative regulation of telomerase by alternative splicing. Significant increase in the expression of the full-length isoform was seen in regenerating asexual samples but not in sexual strains, which correlates with their telomere length dynamics. It is hoped that the comparative studies between the sexual and asexual strains can improve our understanding of how soma can evolve to become an effective inheritable unit.
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Shen, Yun, and 沈筠. "The role of extracellular matrix in planarian regeneration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206722.

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Lapan, Sylvain William. "Regeneration and maintenance of the planarian nervous system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87912.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references
Planarians can regenerate all tissues, including the central nervous system and the eyes. This process depends on a population of cells in the adult, the neoblasts, that includes pluripotent stem cells. Whether the neoblast population also includes progenitors specialized for forming specific lineages has not been demonstrated. This thesis describes the identification of progenitors that contribute to eyes during regeneration. Expression and functional analyses identified the genes eyes absent, six- 1/2 and ovo as critical for the formation of all cells of the eye. otxA and soxB were specifically required for photoreceptor regeneration, and sp6-9 and dlx were required for regeneration of the optic pigment cup. Expression analysis of these transcription factors in situ revealed that eye progenitors were distributed in mesenchymal trails extending posteriorly from the regenerating eye. These progenitors originate in the neoblasts, and promixity to the eye primordium correlates with increased differentiation. The spatial and genetic identification of a progenitor population in planarians elucidates migratory and morphogenetic mechanisms underlying organ regeneration in these animals. RNA sequencing of eye tissue also identified hundreds of genes with highly enriched expression in the eye, including numerous orthologs of eye pathology-related gene as well as likely components of key visual processes such as phototransduction and optic pigment cell function. The planarian brain is composed of dozens of cell types with regionalized distribution. The function of the planarian hedgehog gene in the patterning of CNS regions was investigated. hedgehog was expressed in the medial planarian brain, flanked by nkx2 and nkx6, then pax6b, and finally dlx-1 and msx at the most distal positions. This organization is similar to the expression domains of orthologous transcription factors in the vertebrate neural tube. However, in contrast to vertebrates, the expression of nkx2, nkx6, and pax6b in planarians was not affected by loss of hedgehog expression. RNA sequencing analysis identified a strong effect of Hedgehog signaling genes on a medially positioned cell with glia-like features. Therefore, Hedgehog signaling affects formation of at least one cell type in the planarian brain, but does not broadly regulate transcription factor expression domains and cell type identity.
by Sylvain William Lapan.
Ph. D.
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Kravarik, Kellie M. (Kellie Marie). "Neoblast specialization during regeneration of the planarian S. mediterranea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115681.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable flaws in this reproduction. Table 3.1 is missing from page 167"-- Disclaimer Notice page.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 175-186).
Planarians are well known for their ability to regenerate an entire animal from small tissue fragments. Planarian regeneration requires a population of dividing cells called neoblasts that are distributed throughout the body. Historically, neoblasts have been considered a homogeneous population of stem cells capable of differentiating into all cell types. Most studies, however, analyze neoblasts at the population rather than the single cell level, making it difficult to determine how heterogeneous the neoblast population is. A bulk RNA sequencing approach with expression screening identified 33 new transcription factors transcribed in specific differentiated cells that were also expressed in small fractions of neoblasts during regeneration. Transcription factors of distinct differentiated tissues were expressed in different subsets of neoblasts, whereas transcription factors expressed in the same differentiated tissues were expressed in the same neoblasts. These results suggest roles for neoblast-expressed transcription factors in the specification of distinct tissues. Furthermore, the transcription factors klf, Pax3/7, and FoxA were required for the differentiation of cintillo-expressing sensory neurons, dopamine- beta-hydroxylase-expressing neurons, and the pharynx, respectively. The planarian nervous system is comprised of numerous different cell types, providing an opportunity to study how neoblasts acquire the diverse cell fates that comprise a particular tissue. We used single-cell sequencing to identify the transcriptomes of hundreds of planarian neurons and neoblasts. Using computational analysis of these data we identified the transcriptomes of several specific types of planarian neuronal cells, including cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic neurons, as well as glial cell types. In neoblasts, we identified a population of cells that expressed both markers of differentiated neurons and transcription factors expressed in various neural cell types, which we hypothesize to be neural specialized neoblasts. We found a number of unique populations of neural neoblasts that correspond with specific neural sub-types. Interestingly, however, these neural specialized neoblasts do not express a detectable unified gene regulatory network. These results are consistent with direct specification of neural sub-types in neoblasts and suggest that neoblasts do not differentiate down a highly hierarchical lineage path as has been described for many developmental lineages.
by Kellie M. Kravarik.
Ph. D.
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Cote, Lauren E. (Lauren Esther). "The instructive roles of muscle cells in planarian regeneration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122066.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Regeneration requires both new cell production and patterning information to correctly place new tissue. Planarians are flatworms with remarkable capacity to regenerate after nearly any injury and to indefinitely maintain tissue homeostasis. Dividing cells, neoblasts, are the source of all new tissue, whereas positional information is hypothesized to be harbored by post-mitotic muscle, including the subepidermal body wall musculature. Single-muscle-cell mRNA sequencing along the anterior-posterior axis revealed regional gene expression within muscle cells. The resulting axial gene expression map included FGF receptor-like (FGFRL) homologs and genes encoding components of Wnt signaling. Two distinct FGFRL-Wnt circuits, involving juxtaposed anterior FGFRL and posterior Wnt expression domains, controlled head and trunk patterning.
Inhibition of FGFRL-Wnt circuit components led to the formation of ectopic posterior eyes or secondary pharynges, indicating their importance in maintaining the anterior-posterior axis. Inhibition of different myogenic transcription factors specifically ablated orthogonal subsets of the body wall musculature. Longitudinal fibers, oriented along the anterior-posterior axis, are required for regeneration initiation. Circular fibers maintained medial-lateral patterning during head regeneration. During early regeneration, transcriptional changes in muscle cells comprised part of a generic wound response displayed by all injuries, from incisions to decapitations. The sole exception to this generic response was the expression in body-wall muscle of the Wnt inhibitor notum, which occurs preferentially at anterior-facing wounds in longitudinal muscle fibers. Therefore, anterior-posterior polarity, the choice of head or tail regeneration, involves longitudinal body wall muscle fibers.
Planarian muscle were found to be highly secretory. Combining an in silico definition of the planarian matrisome and recent whole animal single-cell transcriptome data revealed that muscle is a major source of extracellular matrix (ECM). Inhibition of hemicentin-1 (hmcn-1), which encodes a highly conserved ECM glycoprotein expressed in body wall muscle, resulted in ectopic localization of internal cells, including neoblasts, outside of the muscle fiber layer. ECM secretion and maintenance of tissue separation indicated that muscle functions as planarian connective tissue. Whereas muscle is often viewed as a strictly contractile tissue, these findings reveal that planarian muscle has specific regulatory roles in axial patterning, wound signaling, and tissue architecture to enable correct regeneration.
by Lauren E. Cote.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology
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Abnave, Prasad. "Exploring mammalian immunity against intracellular bacteria through planarian flatworms." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5049.

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Les interactions hôte-pathogène sont un jeu vaste et complexe entre agent pathogène et hôtepour la victoire de la bataille de la pathogenèse. Plusieurs organismes modèles sont étudiéspour illustrer les mécanismes impliqués dans ces interactions. Dans ma thèse, j'ai utilisé lesplanaires comme un organisme modèle pour explorer les interactions hôte-pathogène. Comme les différents organismes modèles peuvent mettre enévidence les différentes caractéristiques de l'immunité, j'ai décidé de tirer avantage del'absence de connaissances sur l'immunité des planaires en explorant l'inexplorée. Dans monprojet, j'ai infecté les planaires avec 16 bactéries pathogènes : les planaires y sont très résistantes. Pour en explorer lemécanisme j'ai effectué un profilage du transcriptome à partir deplanaires infectées, suivie par un criblage par ARN interférence des gènes up-régulés. J'aidécouvert les gènes qui régissent la résistance antibactérienne dans les planaires, et de façonintéressante, le criblage a permis de mettre en évidence un gène, MORN2, dont la fonctionimmunologique était complètement inconnue. L'induction et l'extinction de l'expression de MORN2dans les macrophages ont révélé que MORN2 contrôle l'internalisation, la réplication et letrafic des bactéries à l'intérieur de la cellule. Dans mon étude, j'ai démontré que MORN2 estun composant de la phagocytose associée à LC3 et qu'il peut surmonter le blocage de lafusion phagolysosomale imposée par les bactéries pathogènes. Ainsi ma thèse met en avantl'importance d'utiliser des organismes modèles inhabituels afin de dévoiler des mécanismesinexplorées et des molécules impliquées dans les interactions hôte-pathogène
Host-pathogen interaction is a vast and complex interplay between pathogen and hostto conquer the battle of pathogenesis. Several model organisms are being studied to illustratethe mechanisms involved in these interactions. In my thesis I have used planarians as a modelorganism to explore host-pathogen interactions. As different model organismscan highlight different features of immunity I decided to take advantage of lack of knowledgeabout planarian immunity and get benefits from exploring unexplored. In my project I haveinfected planarians with 16 pathogenic bacteria and I found that in contrary to othercommonly used model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans and zebrafish the planariansare highly resistant to bacterial infections. To explore the mechanism behind this resistance Iperformed infection induced transcriptome profiling followed by RNA interference screeningof up-regulated gens. I discovered genes governing antibacterial resistance in planarians andinterestingly the screening highlighted a gene MORN2 of which the immunological functionwas completely unknown. The human ortholog of MORN2 is then further assessed for itsantimicrobial function. Induced expression and down regulation of MORN2 in macrophagesrevealed that MORN2 controls uptake, replication and trafficking of bacteria inside the cell.In my study I demonstrated that MORN2 is a component of LC3-associated phagocytosis andit can overcome phagosome maturation blockage imposed by pathogenic bacteria. Thus mythesis propounds the importance of using unusual model organisms to unveil unexploredmechanisms and molecules involved in host-pathogen interactions
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Baptista, Vanessa dos Anjos. "Estrutura e composição de comunidades de tricladidos terrestres (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) em áreas de floresta estacional decidual do sul do Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2302.

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As planárias terrestres formam um grupo relativamente numeroso em espécies (cerca de 800 espécies) com distribuição mundial, principalmente pan-tropical. Muitas espécies de planárias terrestres são especialistas de hábitat e, em geral, apresentam capacidade de locomoção reduzida, havendo assim, muitas espécies endêmicas. Sua utilização em estudos de diversidade, visando determinar áreas prioritárias para conservação, é indicada por serem predadores de topo de cadeia alimentar no seu microhábitat. No Brasil, um grande número de espécies de planárias terrestres foi registrado em áreas originalmente cobertas por floresta ombrófila densa localizadas nos estados de Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Estudos recentes da composição e da estrutura de comunidades de Terricola, realizados no Rio Grande do Sul, têm se concentrado na região do Planalto das Araucárias, no nordeste do estado, em áreas de floresta ombrófila, registrando um elevado número de espécies de planárias terrestres em diferentes localidades
Land flatworms constitute a relatively species rich zoological group, being distributed world wide, but mainly pan-tropical. They show very strict habitat requirements and a reduced locomotion capacity, so that there are many endemic species. Their use as indicator-taxa in conservation and biodiversity studies is recomended because land planarians are top-predatores within their soil ecosystem. In Brazil, the diversity of land planarians is better known in areas that were originally covered by the southeastern dense ombrophilous forest, located in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Santa Catarina. Recent studies on the composition and structure of land planarian communities, mainly done in the region of the Planalto das Araucárias, located at the northeast of Rio Grande do Sul state, in areas of mixed and dense ombrophilous forest, have registered high species richness in various localities, many of the species being new taxa and/or endemic for each type of forest. The caducifolious forest is one of th
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Books on the topic "Planarian"

1

Rink, Jochen C., ed. Planarian Regeneration. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7802-1.

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Palānārīnʹhā: Planarins. Tabrīz: Nashr-i Akhtar, 2001.

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The first brain: The neuroscience of planarians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

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Ricerche archeologiche nel Marghine-Planargia. Sassari: C. Delfino, 1998.

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Moravetti, Alberto. Ricerche archeologiche nel Marghine-Planargia. Sassari: C. Delfino, 1998.

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Moravetti, Alberto. Ricerche archeologiche nel Marghine-Planargia. Sassari: C. Delfino, 1998.

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Roman, Kenk. Revised list of the North American freshwater Planarians (Platyhelminthes:Tricladida:Paludicola). Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.

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Muroni, Billia. Storia di Bosa e Planargia: Dal neolitico antico all'autonomia regionale. Sestu (Cagliari): Zonza, 2000.

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Cai, Jiazhen. An interative version of Hopcroft and Tarjan's planarity testing algorithm. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1987.

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Cai, Jiazhen. An interative version of Hopcroft and Tarjan's planarity testing algorithm. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Planarian"

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Sluys, Ronald, and Marta Riutort. "Planarian Diversity and Phylogeny." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 1–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7802-1_1.

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Agata, Kiyokazu. "Stem Cells in Planarian." In Stem Cells, 59–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8274-0_4.

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Alessandra, Salvetti, and Leonardo Rossi. "Planarian Stem Cell Heterogeneity." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 39–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11096-3_4.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Examination of a Planarian." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology, 7–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_2.

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Shinozawa, Takao, Syuichi Shiozaki, Masanobu Ezaki, Hideki Fujino, Takeshi Tanaka, and Toshihiko Saheki. "Regulation factor for planarian regeneration." In Biology of Turbellaria and some Related Flatworms, 247–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0045-8_44.

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Liu, Shang-Yun, and Jochen C. Rink. "Total RNA Isolation from Planarian Tissues." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 259–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7802-1_6.

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Fraguas, Susanna, Yoshihiko Umesono, Kiyokazu Agata, and Francesc Cebrià. "Analyzing pERK Activation During Planarian Regeneration." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 303–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6424-6_23.

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Yoshizawa, Yasuhiro, Katsumi Wakabayashi, and Takao Shinozawa. "Inhibition of planarian regeneration by melatonin." In Turbellarian Biology, 31–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2775-2_5.

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Morita, Michio. "Two-stage carcinogenesis in the planarian." In Turbellarian Biology, 59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2775-2_9.

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Adell, Teresa, Sara Barberán, Miquel Sureda-Gómez, María Almuedo-Castillo, Nidia de Sousa, and Francesc Cebrià. "Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin-Embedded Planarian Tissue Sections." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 367–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7802-1_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Planarian"

1

Tamboli, Neelofar F. "Effect of Roundup on Planarian Locomotion." In 2020 IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isec49744.2020.9397818.

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Lee, Michael, Chia-Ying Chu, and Yen-Wen Lu. "A Mechatronic Microinjection Platform for Gene Delivery to Planarian." In 2018 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsse.2018.8519991.

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Cortese, Pier Francesco, and Giuseppe Di Battista. "Clustered planarity." In the twenty-first annual symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1064092.1064093.

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Didimo, W., F. Giordano, and G. Liotta. "Overlapping cluster planarity." In Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualisation 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apvis.2007.329278.

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Di Battista, G., and R. Tamassia. "Incremental planarity testing." In 30th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sfcs.1989.63515.

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Baisie, Emmanuel A., Z. C. Li, and X. H. Zhang. "Finite Element Modeling of Pad Deformation due to Diamond Disc Conditioning in Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP)." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7364.

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Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is widely used to planarize and smooth the surface of semiconductor wafers. In CMP, diamond disc conditioning is traditionally employed to restore pad planarity and surface asperity. Pad deformation which occurs during conditioning affects the material removal mechanism of CMP since pad shape, stress and strain are related to cut rate during conditioning, pad wear rate and wafer material removal rate (MRR) during polishing. Available reports concerning the effect of diamond disc conditioning on pad deformation are based on simplified models of the pad and do not consider its microstructure. In this study, a two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis (FEA) model is proposed to analyze the interaction between the diamond disc conditioner and the polishing pad. To enhance modeling fidelity, image processing is utilized to characterize the morphological and mechanical properties of the pad. An FEA model of the characterized pad is developed and utilized to study the effects of process parameters (conditioning pressure and pad stiffness) on pad deformation. The study reveals that understanding the morphological and mechanical properties of CMP pads is important to the design of high performance pads.
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Brückner, Guido, and Ignaz Rutter. "Partial and Constrained Level Planarity." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974782.130.

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Vannoni, M., and G. Molesini. "Calibration of horizontally-placed planarity standards." In 2008 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2008.4574718.

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Galil, Zvi, Giuseppe F. Italiano, and Neil Sarnak. "Fully dynamic planarity testing (extended abstract)." In the twenty-fourth annual ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/129712.129761.

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Klein, Philip N., and John H. Reif. "An efficient parallel algorithm for planarity." In 27th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (sfcs 1986). IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sfcs.1986.6.

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