Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Planchers en bois'
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Belleville, Benoît. "Rôle de l'interface bois-adhésif dans les lames de plancher d'ingénierie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25514/25514.pdf.
Full textThe accuracy of models of the hygromechanical behavior of wood composite products is determined by a detailed analysis of each layer. It appears that the section located between the wood substrate and the adhesive film has a significant impact on moisture diffusion inside the composite, acting as a barrier to water vapor diffusion. The phenomenon is responsible for the development of a moisture gradient inside the composite. In engineered wood flooring (EWF), this gradient causes stress essentially located in the hardwood surface layer which is conditioned by the ambient air, whereas the core and the backing layers absorb or desorb water vapor at a much slower rate. Properties concerning the adhesive film and the type of substrate used are available in the literature but still no data can be found for the wood-adhesive interface. A complete and satisfying microscopic interpretation of this region is not actually available in the literature, not only because of the complexity of the interface formation but also the difficulty to isolate and by the same way analyze it. The objective of this study was to investigate the wood-adhesive interface in EWF. The study investigated the wood-adhesive interface for EWF. The steady-state radial water vapor diffusion and the expansion coefficients were determined for the interface formed by the sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) substrate and cross-linked polyvinyl acetate adhesive (XPVAc). A diffusion cup was used for the determination of the steady state water vapor flow. The expansion coefficient was obtained by comparing the differences between the sample size for different conditions. The experimental technique was developed to enhance the accuracy of an actual predictive model of product performances. A comparison of the experimental results with those given in the literature showed a good fit. Engineered wood flooring strips had also been realized for the validation part. Sugar maple had the highest diffusion coefficient at 1.66 x 10-11 m2∙s-1 and the free film of XPVAc had the lowest at 4.18 x 10-12 m2∙s-1. As expected, the diffusion coefficient obtained for the wood-adhesive interface is slightly higher than that of pure XPVAc film but lower than that of solid wood at 5.73 x 10-12 m2∙s-1. The tangential coefficient of moisture expansion for the wood-adhesive interface was found to be 4 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1 and 3 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1 for the XPVAc. In the case of sugar maple, the tangential shrinkage coefficient at 3 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1 was slightly lower than the tangential expansion coefficient at 4 x 10-3 mm∙mm-1∙%-1. A comparison of the experimental results, previous modeling results and improved model results are presented. The consideration of the interface effects did not have a significant influence on the hygromechanical distortion of engineered wood flooring. The determination of the diffusion coefficients confirmed the importance of the interface concerning the water vapor movement inside the composite material. However, improved model considering the interface effects was not closer to the experimental curve than the previous model without interfaces.
Liu, Hengxi. "Corrélation entre perception au confort vibratoire et comportement dynamique de planchers bois : apport pour le dimensionnement." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0134/these.pdf.
Full textThe current architectural tendency supports the construction of great flexible and evolutionary spaces. The use of industrial products derived from wood makes it possible to build floors of great ranges. On the other hand, these light structures are to confront with a sensitivity to the vibrations. Within the framework of this study, the vibrations of the floors are examined, under the effects of the impact of the heel and walk. These requests are retained to bring the knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the floor, to position this one with respect to the level of comfort, and the criteria of dimensioning. Thus, the following questions are studied: Which are the principal structural parameters influencing the dynamic behavior? Which criteria is necessary it to choose to dimension the structure according to the level of comfort considered? How to optimize the design of the floors out of wooden by integrating the aspects related to human comfort? To date, only the experimental tests carried out on the scale of the structure constitute the means to determine subjective data of comfort. For these studied cases, a bond is established between perception with vibratory comfort and the dynamic specific characteristics of the floor. To aim at the extension to the multiple constructive parameters with the assistance of the numerical experimentation in complement of tests limited by “type of floor”, the dynamic analyses are obtained by means of the digital simulation. In fine, the structural data to consider in the criteria of dimensioning are refined, for the establishment of a guide of the design and a help to dimensioning
Liu, Hengxi Jullien Jean-François. "Corrélation entre perception au confort vibratoire et comportement dynamique de planchers bois apport pour le dimensionnement /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=liu.
Full textFuentes, Sebastian. "Comportement mécanique de planchers diaphragmes en bois : semi-rigidité et résistance pour une situation sismique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22360/document.
Full textIn timber structures as other, floors play an important role in the overall behaviour of a building subjected to seismic loading. In addition to the vertical forces, these floors transfer horizontal forces to the shear walls (diaphragm function). For this function, the floor can be considered as a short beam placed horizontally and supported by semi-rigid supports (shear walls). Therefore, the force distribution on the shear walls is directly related to the in-plane stiffness ratio between floors and shear walls.Traditional wooden floors are usually composed by joists framing (joist, struts, chords beams) and a surface made by juxtaposed panels. The panel-joist framing connection is usually made by nails. Size of the floors elements is often driven by the vertical loads, thus mechanical properties in the plane are rarely checked.The in-plane behaviour of timber floor is poorly studied in the literature. This thesis studies this behaviour using three approaches: analytical, numerical (FEM) and experimental. The analytical approach is based on that used in North American codes of seismic design. Numerical models take into account the actual geometry of the timber diaphragms and nonlinear effects (material and geometric). Two types of numerical models are proposed: "detailed" and "simplified". The detailed model, based on beams and shell elements, allows studying the distribution of internal stresses in the floor. The simplified model uses beams and bar elements. It allows carrying out sensitivity analysis and can be used to study complex geometries of floors.An experimental campaign is conducted on timber floors. Two floors (2,4 x7,2m2), in blocked or unblocked configuration, are tested in bending in their plane. Displacement transducers, inclinometers and a camera measuring system are used for monitoring the behaviour of floors at global and local levels. The experimental observations show a highly nonlinear behaviour with a significant influence of struts on the stiffness and strength. Panels failure due to bending and compression in the corners were observed. The comparison between experimental and numerical results allows validating the numerical models. These models show a significant participation of the panels-joist framing connection on the global and local mechanical behaviour of floors.The simplified model is used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of floors with hoppers. Thirteen floors configurations are analyzed to identify the most unfavourable configurations of hoppers position. Furthermore, the analytical model represents well the linear phase of floors behaviour. The numerical and experimental results obtained provide a good basis to expand the scope of the analytical model
Tanto en las estructuras de madera como en otras técnicas de construcción, las losas juegan un importante rol en el comportamiento global de un edificio sometido a una solicitación sísmica. Además de las cargas verticales, las losas deben transmitir las cargas horizontales hacia los muros de corte (función diafragma). En esta función, la losa puede ser tratada como una viga corta puesta horizontalmente y apoyada sobre soportes semi-rígidos (muros de corte). En consecuencia, la distribución de fuerzas entre los distintos muros de corte es determinada por la relación de rigidez entre estos muros y la losa.Las losas tradicionales de madera son generalmente compuestas por un envigado (vigas transversales, canes o separadores, vigas periféricas) y una superficie construida con paneles yuxtapuestos. La conexión entre los paneles y el envigado es generalmente realizada con clavos. El dimensionamiento de estos elementos es habitualmente determinado por las cargas verticales, de esta manera las propiedades mecánicas en el plano de estas losas, son raramente controladas.El comportamiento mecánico de los diafragmas de madera ha sido poco estudiado en la literatura. Esta tesis aborda este comportamiento a partir de tres enfoques: analítico, numérico (Elementos Finitos) y experimental. El método analítico considerado se basa en las ecuaciones propuestas por los códigos de diseño sísmico norteamericanos. La modelización numérica tiene en cuenta la configuración geométrica real de las losas y los efectos no-lineares de origen material y geométrico. Dos tipos de modelos numéricos son propuestos: "detallado" y "simplificado". El modelo detallado, es construido a partir de elementos finitos de tipo vigas y planos. Este modelo es utilizado principalmente para estudiar la distribución de esfuerzos internos en las losas. El modelo simplificado, construido a partir de elementos de vigas y barras, es utilizado para conducir análisis de sensibilidad.Un estudio experimental sobre losas de madera es presentado. Dos losas (2,4 x7, 2m2) con y sin separadores son testeadas en flexión en su plano. Un sistema de instrumentación compuesto por transductores de desplazamiento, inclinómetros y videocámaras, fueron utilizados para monitorear el comportamiento global y local de las losas. Las observaciones experimentales muestran un comportamiento altamente no-lineal con una fuerte influencia de los separadores sobre la rigidez y resistencia de la estructura. Los modos de ruptura observados corresponden a la ruptura de paneles en flexión y a la compresión local debido a transmisión de esfuerzos por contacto. La comparación de resultados experimentales y numéricos permite validar los modelos propuestos. Estos modelos muestran una fuerte participación de la conexión paneles-envigado sobre el comportamiento mecánico global y local de las losas.El modelo numérico simplificado es utilizado para llevar a cabo un análisis de sensibilidad de losas con aberturas de escalera. Trece configuraciones de losas son analizadas para identificar la posición de abertura más desfavorable. Por otra parte, el modelo analítico representa correctamente el comportamiento de las losas en fase lineal. Los resultados numéricos y experimentales obtenidos proporcionan una buena base para ampliar el dominio de aplicación de este modelo analítico
Landry, Véronic. "Revêtements nanocomposites à haute teneur en solide cuits aux ultraviolets pour les couvre-planchers en bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26634/26634.pdf.
Full textRadiation curable coatings are presently the standard in the wood flooring industry. Their great properties paired with their fast curing explain why they are now the most used coatings for prefinished wood flooring. Although important improvements can still be brought to these coatings. During the last years, nanoparticles have gained increasing interest in the thermoplastic industry. It could lead to similar results for the thermoset materials. In this project, metal oxides (alumina and zirconia) and clay nanoparticles were added in a typical UV acrylate formulation for wood flooring. This formulation was chosen mostly for its wear resistance, low yellowing and fast curing. Nanoparticles were added in the acrylate formulation by different techniques (high speed mixing, ball milling, bead milling and three roll milling). Then, particle size characterization was performed. Different techniques were employed according to the nanoparticles studied (metal oxides or clay). Microscopic experiments were also performed with an aim of supporting these results. Then, nanoparticles and coupling agents addition effects on curing (speed and percentage of curing) were studied by photo-calorimetry (photo-DSC) and real-time infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR). Mechanical properties (hardness, adhesion, scratch resistance, wear resistance, direct and reverse impact resistance) were evaluated. Optical properties (color, gloss, haze and optical clarity) were also assessed. For clay-based coatings, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed in order to determine if clay loading and clay dispersion affect the mechanical and optical properties.
Harrisson, Lise. "Caractérisation des papiers de finition et des panneaux de fibres de bois de haute densité (HDF) utilisés dans la production de plancher flottant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23490/23490.pdf.
Full textAbstract The lamination of HDF panels is an important step in laminate flooring production. This operation involves technical challenges which require knowledge regarding HDF panel warping occurring during lamination. In this regard, the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of saturated lamination papers and HDF panels used in the production of laminate flooring is strategic. The specific objectives of this study were the determination of the contraction coefficient and modulus of elasticity in traction of saturated papers, in addition to the evaluation of HDF thermal conductivity. Three types of papers were studied (overlay, decorative paper, backer) in two directions (machine direction and cross direction) and at three pressing times (0, 10 and 20 seconds). For each combination, ten repetitions were made. The determination of thermal conductivity was established on 7 and 8 mm boards, which had a density of 871 and 918 kg/m3 respectively. Three temperatures were studied (100, 150 and 200°C) for the same temperature difference of 25°C. Three samples were analysed three times for each experimental condition. The type of paper had a highly significant impact on the contraction coefficient, which is higher in cross direction and increases with pressing time. This study has also shown that for a given paper, the modulus of elasticity in traction is higher in the machine direction and increases with pressing time. We have also established that the modulus of elasticity increases linearly with paper basic weight before impregnation and decreases linearly with resin content. Temperature had a significant impact on the thermal conductivity of HDF panels most likely due to panel moisture content variation during testing. Thickness and density of HDF panels did not have a significant effect on thermal conductivity.
Trépanier, Marie-Pier. "Conceptualisation d'un outil d'aide à la décision pour la planification de la production de plancher de bois franc." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40158.
Full textIn order to remain competitive in a market where mass personalization is ubiquitous, today's companies have no choice but to effectively manage their supply chain through a global vision of the operations of the company as well as integrated data. In an ever-changing environment like today, businesses are adjusting and continuing to fulfill their role of meeting demand and growing as needed. On the other hand,few are able to review their decision-making process based on new business models and new ways of doing things. Sometimes it is easier to adjust than to redo the processes. This dissertation proposes a solution for the hardwood flooring manufacturing sector by conceptualizing a decision support tool to allow global visibility of production with real-time data. This will enable better planning at all levels of the supply chain, from the purchase of raw materials, through production, to customer service. The designed modeling is then simulated by a discrete event simulation approach in order to validate the current situation, identify the main problems and explore avenues for future solutions. The results demonstrate the potential for identifying bottlenecks in the production and decision-making process, and coupled with the proposed visualization tool, have the potential to increase the company's performance at multiple levels.
Carle, Marc-André. "Simulation et conception d'heuristiques efficaces pour un problème d'assemblage de planchers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25410/25410.pdf.
Full textManthey, Manuel. "Comportement des poutres mixtes bois-béton sous sollicitations accidentelles." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0034.
Full textTimber - concrete composite structures are competitive technical solutions for new building construction as well as in refurbishment. This work aims at promoting timber - concrete construction in France thanks to a better knowledge of mechanical and thermo-mechanical behavior of the fasteners. Regarding more traditional buildings systems, few researches were lead about seismic and fire design of timber concrete structures. Particular emphasis is put on those two points in this study through experimental, analytical and numerical approaches. As a matter of fact, several experimental campaigns were lead. 24 Push Out tests have been carried out at ambient temperature on the SBB timber-concrete composite system. The test program involved 12 Push Out tests under cyclic loading and 12 Push Out tests under monotonic loading. Experimental results brought to light the good mechanical performances as well as the large ductility reserve of SBB timber-concrete connection system. The cyclic tests have revealed the system ability to dissipate energy and allowed quantifying the loss of rigidity and resistance of the system. Descriptive models (Foschi, Dolan, Richard) have been adapted to reproduce to the experimental load-slip curves.In order to get further insight into the local phenomenon taking place between timber and the SBB connector, a second test program was devised. The tests involved 16 Pull Out tests (connector from timber) and 3 series of 16 embedment tests og various parts of the connector in glue laminated timber. Thanks to these experimental results, a better understanding of the SBB behavior has been reached. Predictive models are provided for numerical and analytical modeling of timber - concrete fasteners. Those models show good agreement with the Push Out tests introduced in previous part.In order to assess the fire behavior of timber - concrete composite floor system with the SBB connection system, fire tests were conducted according to ISO 834 standard. Fire results database with SBB timber - concrete connection includes a full-scale fire floor test (floor dimensions are 5.35m x 3.5m) and several fire Push Out tests based on three different timber - concrete composite beam sections. Fire Push Out tests were heavily instrumented with thermocouples in order to allow the validation of thermal models developed in this thesis.Thermal and thermomechanical coupled simulations were conducted with finite element software Abaqus©. These models demonstrate the good performances of timber-concrete composite structures subjected to fire. Heating of the elements and loss in shear resistance and stiffness of the connection system were quantified. Furthermore fire design rules are proposed for timber - concrete structures. Fire behavior analysis pointed out that thermal dilatation of concrete must be considered in fire design of timber-concrete composite structures
Tribaleau, Antonin. "Isolement acoustique de parois aux basses fréquences : programmation d'outils prédictifs et confrontations expérimentales dans le cas de planchers solivés en bois." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939357.
Full textMathis, Damien. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux de haute inertie thermique à base de bois et matériaux à changement de phase biosourcés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33718.
Full textLes Matériaux à Changement de Phase (MCP), par stockage de chaleur latente, peuvent améliorer l’efficacité énergétique des bâtiments. En saison froide, ils peuvent emmagasiner de la chaleur durant le jour pour qu’elle soit relâchée durant la nuit, réduisant le besoin en chauffage. En saison chaude, ils peuvent permettre, moyennant une ventilation nocturne adaptée, de réduire la surchauffe des bâtiments. Afin d’optimiser le bénéfice énergétique, l’intégration de MCP doit être minutieusement réfléchie. Ce travail de thèse présente trois grands axes dédiés à l’étude de matériaux hybrides bois/MCP. Le premier axe traite de la mise en forme et de la caractérisation de panneaux décoratifs intérieurs de haute inertie thermique. Le second axe a pour objectif d’évaluer la performance de ces panneaux à l’aide de deux maisonnettes expérimentales instrumentées et placées sur le campus de l’Université LAVAL. Le troisième axe étudie l’imprégnation de la couche de surface d’une Lame de Plancher d’Ingénierie (LPI) avec des microcapsules de MCP. Dans le premier axe, des panneaux intérieurs décoratifs ont été mis en oeuvre. Ils sont constitués de MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), HDF (High Density Fiberboard) et de différents MCP biosourcés. Les MCP ont été macroencapsulés dans des sachets de polyéthylène avant d’être placés dans les panneaux. Leur stockage de chaleur latente a été mesuré avec un débitmètre thermique selon la méthode Dynamic Heat Flux Meter Apparatus (DHFMA). Les panneaux stockent une chaleur latente maximale de 57.1 J/g, ce qui est comparable à des solutions existantes de panneaux embarquant des MCP. Leur comportement thermique a été comparé au comportement des MCP purs testés par DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) et des différences significatives ont été observées. Le comportement hygromécanique des panneaux a été évalué et s’est révélé être une question d’importance en vue d’une d’industrialisation. Dans le deuxième axe, deux maisonnettes expérimentales en ossature légère de bois ont été conçues puis placées sur le campus de l’Université LAVAL. Une maisonnette a été équipée de panneaux en bois standards tandis que l’autre contenait les panneaux bois/MCP. Grâce à l’instrumentation embarquée, la performance insitu des panneaux formulés dans le premier axe a pu être étudiée. Les résultats montrent, en saison de chauffe, une réduction de la consommation en chauffage pour la maisonnette équipée de MCP. Cette réduction atteint un maximum de 41 % pour le mois de mai. Pour le confort d’été, les panneaux permettent généralement d’améliorer le confort thermique, en réduisant la surchauffe. Leur efficacité a cependant été révélée limitée par la solidification limitée du MCP pendant la nuit. Malgré une ventilation importante, lors des nuits les plus chaudes, le matériau n’était pas en mesure de se solidifier. Dans le troisième axe, des couches de surface de Lames de Planchers d’Ingénierie (LPI) ont été imprégnés avec des microcapsules de MCP biosourcés. De l’eau distillée a été utilisée comme solvant. Deux essences de bois ont été choisies : le chêne rouge et l’érable à sucre. Le gain de masse thermique s’est révélé significatif pour le chêne rouge mais négligeable pour l’érable à sucre. Pour le chêne rouge, un bénéfice de masse thermique de 77% a été mesuré. Les microcapsules ont été observées dans le bois par microscopie réflective. Elles se sont révélées être principalement présentes, formant des amas, dans les larges vaisseaux du bois initial pour le chêne rouge. Des microcapsules étaient également présentes dans les vaisseaux de l’érable à sucre, en plus petite quantité. Des tests d’adhésion ont été menés sur des lames de planchers vernis et ces tests n’ont révélé aucune influence significative de l’imprégnation sur la tenue d’un vernis.
Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are able to store a high amount of latent heat, which can improve buildings energy efficiency. During the heating season, solar energy can be stored during the day to be released at night, reducing the heating needs. During summer, daily maximum peak temperature can be reduced. In order to maximize the energy benefits, PCMs have to be implemented carefully. This thesis presents three major axes of research about wood/PCMs hybrid materials. The first axis is about manufacturing and characterizing woodbased decorative panels of high thermal mass. The second axis aims to evaluate the performance of such panels with two instrumented wood-frame test huts placed on LAVAL University Campus. The third axis is about impregnating the lamella of Engineering Wood Flooring (EWF) with PCM microcapsules. For the first axis, interior wood-based decorative panels containing PCMs were manufactured. Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), was used as the main component and High Density Fiberboard (HDF) was used for the inner side of the panel. Several bio-based PCMs were chosen to load the panels. A macroencapsulation of the PCMs was achieved using polyethylene bags. The latent heat storage of the panels was assessed with a thermal flow meter using a Dynamic Heat Flux Meter Apparatus (DHFMA) method. A maximum latent heat storage of 57.1 J/g has been measured, which is comparable to existing panels containing PCMs. Thermal behavior of pure PCMs has been assessed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and then compared to the panels behavior. Significant differences have been revealed. Hygromechanical behavior of the panels has been evaluated, compared to a reference, and has been revealed of importance in case of industrialization. For the second axis, two experimental timber-frame test-huts have been implemented and were placed on the LAVAL University campus. One hut was equipped with standard wood panels whereas the other one was equipped with wood-based panels containing PCMs such as manufactured in the first axis. The in-situ performance of the panels was assessed over several seasons. In winter, the panels induced a reduction of the heating consumption. This reduction reached a maximum of 41% in May. During summer, the panels are generally able to reduce the daily peak temperature. However, their performance was found limited by the solidification of the PCM, which was hard to achieve during hottest nights. For the third axis, lamellas of Engineered Wood Flooring (EWF) have been impregnated with bio-based PCM microcapsules, using water as a solvent. Two wood species were chosen: red oak and sugar. A significant thermal mass enhancement of 77% was measured for the red oak. Impregnation of sugar maple was found harder to achieve and thus its thermal mass enhancement was lower. Reflective microscopy allowed to observe the microcapsules filling red oak initial wood big vessels, forming aggregates. Some microcapsules were also observed in the sugar maple vessels but in lower quantity. Red oak was varnished with a 100 % UV solid wood coating and submitted to pull-off adhesion tests. These tests did not reveal any significant effect of an impregnation on the varnish adherence.
Barbuta, Costel. "Lames de plancher d'ingénierie : Développement de substrats en OSB et caractérisation des contraintes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28687/28687.pdf.
Full textEngineered wood flooring (EWF) is a multilayer composite flooring product. The cross layered structure is designed to give EWF good dimensional stability under transient environmental conditions. However, during winter season in North America the indoor relative humidity could dramatically decrease and generate an important cupping deformation. The magnitude of this distortion depends on the physical and mechanical properties of each layer and moisture content changes. Baltic Birch Plywood (BBP [Russian and Finnish]) is widely used as substrate in the high quality EWF products, especially by Canadian manufacturers. The overall objective of this study was to develop an oriented strand board (OSB) as a substitute for the plywood used as a substrate for EWF. The specific objectives of this project were to develop a special OSB formulation to be used as a substrate for EWF; to manufacture and evaluate the EWF prototypes made with this substrate, to compare the prototype properties with those of commonly-used EWF; and to characterize the stresses developed in the substrate until delamination appears. Three-layers oriented strand boards were manufactured from two types of strands: a mixture of 90% aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and 10% paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and 100% ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.). The OSB panels were fabricated following a factorial design of three resin contents, two vertical density profiles, and three weight ratios of the face and core layers. In order to choose the best combinations of the three factors, tests to determine bending properties, density, internal bond and thickness swelling were performed for each type of panel. Prototypes of EWF were made using five types of substrates: BBP, sheathing grade OSB, web stock OSB and the two prototypes of specialty OSB panels. The tests in conditioning chamber showed that BBP substrate constructions present the lowest distortion between humid and dry conditions. There were no significant differences in the distortion measured for BBP and aspen/birch OSB substrates. However, delaminations were observed in the OSB substrate after the test in conditioning chamber. A finite element model was used in order to characterize stresses developed in the EWF substrate in transient moisture content conditions. The physical and mechanical properties of OSB substrate were experimentally determined in laboratory on the OSB panels with a flat density profile. The finite element (FE) modeling was performed using the FE code MEF++. Good agreement has been found between the numerical and experimental EWF cupping deformation. The high stress regions in the distribution correspond to the delaminations observed on the OSB substrate. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of OSB to be used as substrate in EWF construction.
Armand, Decker Stéphanie. "Développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif pour la construction bois : prise en compte du confort des usagers, de l’impact environnemental et de la sécurité de l’ouvrage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0189.
Full textIndustrialised countries are seeking to reduce their energy consumption and to use alternative raw materials, including renewables such as wood. To promote its use, multi-storey timber constructive systems need the development of new design methods.Building required a multicriteria design where conflicting objectives must be optimised simultaneously. Research solutions have to achieve the best Pareto-compromise between use performance and environmental impact of the building. This work aims to develop a multiobjective optimisation method of timber multi-storey building.The objectives of maximising floor vibration comfort and minimising heating needs, thermal discomfort, global warming potential and embodied energy are taken into account. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions which is the Pareto front. The solution space is constrained by regulatory requirements necessary for the safety of the structure. All objective-functions are modelled as analytic functions. Dynamic thermal simulation model outputs are replaced by metamodels.The developed method is implemented on a case study. The results offer a great diversity in a panel of 20 000 optimal solutions. These results provide a basis for discussion between the different actors of a construction project
Bui, Tuan Anh. "Experimental and numerical uncertain vibration analysis of multilayered timber structures assembled using compressed wood dowels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0202.
Full textThis study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the vibrational serviceability performance of novel adhesive free engineered wood products (AFEWPs), namely adhesive free laminated timber beams (AFLB) and adhesive free cross-laminated timber panels (AFCLT), assembled through thermo-mechanically compressed wood dowels (CWD). The experimental modal analyses were carried out under free-free conditions using a hammer impact. Natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratio were assessed experimentally. In addition, similar glued timber beams (conventional glulam) were manufactured and tested for comparison purpose. A 3D FE model was developed and validated by comparison against experimental data and then used to predict the vibrational behavior of a realistic flooring system made with AFCLT panel measuring 4.5 m x 5.5 m. A parametric study was performed on the FE model to maximize the floor stiffness. The predicted FE results were discussed with regard to the Eurocode 5 vibrational serviceability design requirements showing acceptable vibrational performance. A simplified FE model was then developed to reduce computational cost. The variability level of the results for the AFEWPs was also studied and discussed. The numerical variability of frequencies of the AFEWPs was investigated based on the development of the Modal Stability Procedure (MSP). The MSP result was first compared with the FE result in the nominal case. Then, the statistic results (mean value, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and distribution) obtained from the MSP were compared with the results from the classical method (direct Monte Carlo simulation) and experimental results. A quick error estimation between the MSP and the direct Monte Carlo simulation was developed. Finally, the mean and standard deviation of the frequencies of the realistic AFCLT flooring system were predicted by the MSP
Armand, Decker Stéphanie. "Développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif pour la construction bois : prise en compte du confort des usagers, de l’impact environnemental et de la sécurité de l’ouvrage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0189/document.
Full textIndustrialised countries are seeking to reduce their energy consumption and to use alternative raw materials, including renewables such as wood. To promote its use, multi-storey timber constructive systems need the development of new design methods.Building required a multicriteria design where conflicting objectives must be optimised simultaneously. Research solutions have to achieve the best Pareto-compromise between use performance and environmental impact of the building. This work aims to develop a multiobjective optimisation method of timber multi-storey building.The objectives of maximising floor vibration comfort and minimising heating needs, thermal discomfort, global warming potential and embodied energy are taken into account. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions which is the Pareto front. The solution space is constrained by regulatory requirements necessary for the safety of the structure. All objective-functions are modelled as analytic functions. Dynamic thermal simulation model outputs are replaced by metamodels.The developed method is implemented on a case study. The results offer a great diversity in a panel of 20 000 optimal solutions. These results provide a basis for discussion between the different actors of a construction project
Blanchet, Pierre, and Pierre Blanchet. "Caractérisation du comportement des lames de plancher d'ingénierie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17897.
Full textLe développement de produits du bois transformés ou à valeur ajoutée se présente comme une opportunité importante de tirer profit des ressources naturelles canadiennes et du savoir-faire de l'industrie de transformation des produits du bois. L'utilisation optimale de la ressource forestière en des produits transformés est une avenue s'inscrivant dans le concept de produits du bois à valeur ajoutée. Les lames de plancher d'ingénierie sont un exemple de cette situation. Le produit se compose d'une planchette de surface de grande qualité, d'un substrat et occasionnellement d'une couche de contrebalancement. Pour un composant de bois de 4/4 d'épaisseur destiné à la fabrication de lames de plancher traditionnelles en bois massif, 4 ou 5 planchettes de surface destinées à la fabrication d'autant de lames de plancher d'ingénierie seront produites. De plus, l'usage des bois de faible qualité comme substrat est possible et c'est l'approche qui a été favorisée dans ce travail. Le produit se démarque sur les marchés européen et américain. En 2002 aux États-Unis, ce sont 58 % des revêtements de sol en bois qui étaient des lames de plancher d'ingénierie. En Europe, en 2001, 73 % des revêtements de plancher en bois étaient des planchers d'ingénierie. Ces situations sont issues d'un contexte de croissance du produit depuis les 10 dernières années. Ce projet avait pour objectif général d'augmenter et de préciser la connaissance sur le comportement et les performances des planchers d'ingénierie fabriqués à base de matériaux canadiens et mis en service dans les conditions atmosphériques nord-américaines afin d'améliorer le design de ces planchers. Plus spécifiquement, ce projet avait pour objectifs : de développer des prototypes à base de matériaux canadiens et documenter leur comportement, d'établir les critères de performance des lames de planchers d'ingénierie, d'établir un modèle mécanique du comportement des parquets d'ingénierie et de définir les paramètres de design responsables de la bonne performance des parquets d'ingénierie à l'aide de différentes modélisations et de validations expérimentales. Dans un premier temps, des prototypes ont été réalisés et testés en chambres climatisées. À cette étape du projet, l'acquisition de connaissances sur le sujet était prioritaire. Incidemment, un critère de performance fut établi de même qu'une méthodologie pour faire la comparaison de la performance de différentes constructions de lames de plancher d'ingénierie. Le matériau utilisé comme substrat a eu un impact important sur la performance observée. L'utilisation d'une couche de contrebalancement a aussi eu un impact notable. Dans un second temps, l'approche de modélisation par la méthode des éléments finis fut utilisée pour obtenir des prédictions du comportement des lames de plancher d'ingénierie précédemment évaluées en laboratoire. Ainsi, certains paramètres moins bien documentés ont été modulés afin d'observer leur impact sur le modèle. Ensuite, les résultats expérimentaux de la construction faite de 4 mm d'épaisseur de couche de surface en érable à sucre, de 8 mm d'épaisseur de substrat en bouleau blanc et de 2 mm d'épaisseur de couche de contrebalancement en bouleau jaune ont été reproduits avec succès. Enfin, le modèle fut utilisé pour une étude de la géométrie et des espèces utilisées dans le substrat. Il est apparu que la nature du substrat est importante. Plus les propriétés mécaniques du matériau augmentent, moins importante est la déformation de tirant à c?ur, le principal critère de performance. L'épaisseur du substrat est apparue également comme un levier important afin de contrôler la déformation dans les lames de plancher d'ingénierie.
Blanchet, Pierre. "Caractérisation du comportement des lames de plancher d'ingénierie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21731/21731.pdf.
Full textMariani, Claire. "Les planches d'affinage en bois de l'AOC Reblochon de Savoie : écologie microbienne et effet inhibiteur envers Listeria monocytogenes." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/5194/01/2007AGPT0089.pdf.
Full textWood has a long tradition as a natural material used in cheese ripening. Dairy products have been implicated in several outbreaks of listeriosis. On account of its ubiquitous nature, Listeria monocytogenes can contaminate cheeses all along the production chain. Protective cultures can help to protect the food environment from this pathogenic bacteria. The aim of the study was to confirm that the wooden ripening shelves could limit the implantation of Listeria monocytogenes. After the study of the environment of wooden ripening shelves in the ripening rooms of the ripening partner, the microbial ecology of the surface of the ripening shelves revealed the predominance of the technological microflora and the low levels of undesirable microflora. At the end of the ripening, the high compatibility of the shelves’ surface conditions with microbiological life has been demonstrated. On the contrary, after contact with cheeses, the brushing and drying of the shelves modified the microbial environment, where only technological micro-organisms could grow. An inhibitory effect on the two strains of L. Monocytogenes tested was observed on wooden ripening shelves settled by a living microbial biofilm. This inhibitory effect was demonstrated for two steps of the ripening cycle of the shelves, including the step the most exposed to the introduction of L. Monocytogenes in the ripening rooms. Several mechanisms have been suggested: competition for nutrient as the main mechanism and the presence of inhibitory substances
Errotabehere, Xabier. "Nouveaux revêtements hybrides élaborés par voie sol-gel pour la protection de substrats ligno-cellulosiques : étude des microstructures et des propriétés mécaniques surface." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14525/document.
Full textDuring their life, the parquets are subjected to mechanical aggressions and ageing (scratch, friction, wear). UV-curable organic coatings (acrylic) are classically deposited in several layers involving a first layer called “basecoat” and an upper layer called “topcoat”. The latter provides the scratch resistance necessary to the whole system. The coatings were prepared from liquid organic-inorganic precursors that undergo a consequent inorganic polymerization followed by radical UV chain polymerization. In the present work, new organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were elaborated via a sol-gel route and applied as the topcoat in a parquet vitrifying configuration. A structural study in liquid and solid phases allowed the understanding of the inorganic polymerization mechanisms of neat MAPTMS sol and binary MAPTMS/TEOS sols. The self-organization phenomenon of MAPTMS (nano structures e.g. octamer cages) is well-known when it is used as neat precursor. It was also evidenced in the presence of TEOS. Microstructures were proposed for these “hybrid varnishes”, the type of nano structures being dependent on the TEOS content. A local mechanical study, using nanoindentation technique, revealed the reinforcing effect of TEOS within the hybrid coatings. Their scratch behavior was also studied on two scales (“nano” and “micro”) and compared with to that of an industrial reference. On the “nano” scale, the damage thresholds (cracking) of the hybrid coatings are equivalent or even higher to those of the industrial topcoat. On a “micro” scale, an experimental device allowing real time recording of the true contact area between the tip and the sample, showed that elastic-plastic transition is postponed when a hybrid coating is used as a topcoat. Moreover we attempted a correlation between the microstructure and the mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness, scratch behavior) of MAPTMS/TEOS hybrid coatings, taking into account the inorganic network organization
Raddaoui, Abderraouf. "Séchage convectif d'une planche de bois en présence d'un flux de micro-ondes. Application au dimensionnement d'un séchoir à chauffage partiellement solaire." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0251.
Full textMoser, Michel. "Le séchage convectif à haute température : observation a deux échelles différentes : la planche et la pile." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL058N.
Full textMariani, Claire. "Ecologie microbienne des biofilms présents à la surface des planches d'affinage en bois de l'AOC "Reblochon de Savoie" et effet inhibiteur vis à vis de Listeria monocytogenes." Phd thesis, ENSIA (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005194.
Full textAubert, Monique. "Recherche de relations entre caractéristiques simples du bois de chêne rouge (quercus rubra l. ) mesurées par voie non destructive et deux de ses propriétés technologiques : Stabilité dimensionnelle des planches et qualité des placages d'ébénisterie." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10128.
Full textKhatori, Mohammed. "Traitements rapides d'images en vue de l'analyse de la structure interne de matériaux : Application à la production automatisée dans l'industrie du bois." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10046.
Full textAubert, Monique. "Recherche de relations entre caractéristiques simples du bois de chêne rouge (Quercus rubra L.) mesurées par voie non destructive et deux de ses propriétés technologiques stabilité dimensionnelle des planches et qualité des placages d'ébénisterie /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602444k.
Full textCarle, Marc-André. "Simulation et conception d'heuristiques efficaces pour un problème d'assemblage de planchers /." 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/?
Full text"Rôle de l'interface bois-adhésif dans les lames de plancher d'ingénierie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25514/25514.pdf.
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