Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Planification de document'
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Hren, Jean-François. "Planification optimiste pour systèmes déterministes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10188/document.
Full textIn the field of reinforcement learning, planning in the case of deterministic systems consists of doing a forward search using a generative model of the system so as to find the action to apply in its current state. In our case, the forward search leads us to build a look-ahead tree, its root being the current state of the system. If the computational resources are limited and unknown, we have to use an algorithm which tries to minimize its regret. In other words, an algorithm returning an action to apply which is as close as possible to the optimal one in term of quality and with respect to the computational resources used. We present the optimistic planing algorithm in the case of a discrete action space. We prove a lower and upper bound in the worst case and in a particular class of problems. Also we present two algorithms using the optimistic approach but in the case of a continuous action space
Triki, Nizar. "Planification des soins à domicile." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22733/document.
Full textThe focus of this research is home health care activities planning. We aim to develop a global systematic approach in order to reduce costs of health care while satisfying a good quality of service. We propose mathematical modelsand we develop optimization methods. The major objective of this thesis is the consideration of the main sources of uncertainty in home health care planning. We are interested in three issues. The first is related to the multi-period home health care planning. An optimized weekly plan is established with a distribution of dle times that allows to insert new demands. We also study drudgery in the activities planning. We consider drudgery as constraining work, which can cause lack of interest or stress. The last topic concerns the districting problem as a key issue in an optimized home health care system organisation
Carrera, Susana. "Planification et ordonnancement de plateformes logistiques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL061N/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to provide decision support systems to control logistic platforms at the mid-term and short-term levels. Several problems and main notions concerning logistic platform context are described in the first part. In the second part, planning problems are studied. Two linear programming models are proposed to minimize the workforce costs. These models take into account several characteristics : seasonal flow variations, work and flow organization in the platform, and local negotiations of the upstream and downstream flows. In consequence, our decision support system can be used in the flow coordination between supply chain partners. Two types of negotiations are considered : negotiations of upstream and downstream delivered quantities and negotiation of delivery dates. These models have been tested on pertinent randomly generated instances inspired from concerete problems. In the third part of the thesis, the external flows of the platforme are assumed to be fixed. Orders preparation scheduling problem inside the platform is considered. Two families of strong contraints are combined : staircase availability of components (consumable resources) and dixed delivery dates. According to the way the downstream deliveries are organized and penalised, three different cases (based on industrial applications) have been studied. We proposed three branch and bound procedures for these problems, and an integer linear program for the easiest problem. Experimental analysis has been done over heterogeneous randomly generated instance families. In the last part, a series of perspectives for this work are proposed
Roussel, Olivier. "Planification de mouvement pour tiges élastiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30355/document.
Full textThe motion planning problem has been broadly studied in the case of articulated rigid body systems but so far few work have considered deformable bodies. In particular, elastic rods such as electric cables, hydraulic or pneumatic hoses, appear in many industrial contexts. Due to complex models and high number of degrees of freedom, the extension of motion planning methods to such bodies is a difficult problem. By taking advantage of the properties of static equilibrium configurations, this thesis presents several approaches to the motion planning problem for elastic rods
Vu, Thanh Tung. "Modèles spatiaux pour la planification cellulaire." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0043/document.
Full textNowadays, cellular technology is almost everywhere. It has had an explosive success over the last two decades and the volume of traffic will still increase in the near future. For this reason, it is also regarded as one cause of worldwide energy consumption, with high impact on carbon dioxide emission. On the other hand, new mathematical tools have enabled theconception of new models for cellular networks: one of these tools is stochastic geometry, or more particularly spatial Poisson point process. In the last decade, researchers have successfully used stochastic geometry to quantify outage probability, throughput or coverage of cellular networks by treating deployment of mobile stations or (and) base stations as Poisson point processes on a plane. These results also take into account to impact of mobility on the performance of such networks. In this thesis, we apply the theory of Poisson point process to solve some problems of cellular networks, in particular we analyze the energy consumption of cellular networks. This thesis has two main parts. The first part deals with some dimensioning and coverage problems in cellular network. We uses stochastic analysis to provide bounds for theoverload probability of OFDMA systems thanks to concentration inequalities and we apply it to solve a dimensioning problem. We also compute the outage probability and handover probability of a typical user. The second part is dedicated to introduce different models for energy consumption of cellular networks. In the first model, the initial location of users form a \PPP\ and each user is associated with an ON-OFF process of activity. In the second model, arrival of users forms a time-space \PPP. We also study the impact of mobility of users by assuming that users randomly move during its sojourn. We focus on the distribution of consumed energy by a base station. This consumed energy is divided into the additive part and the broadcast part. We obtain analytical expressions for the moments of the additive part as well as the mean and variance of the consumed energy. We are able to find an error bound for Gaussian approximation of the additive part. We prove that the mobility of users has a positive impact on the energy consumption. It does not increase or decrease the consumed energy in average but reduces its variance to zero in high mobility regime. We also characterize the convergent rate in function of user's speed
Schmidt, Pascal. "Planification multi-niveaux avec expertise humaine." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0023/document.
Full textAutomated planning is a field of Artificial Intelligence which aims at automatically computing a sequence of actions that lead to some goals from a given initial state. However, solving realistic problems is challenging because finding a solution path may require to explore an exponential number of states with regard to the number of state variables. To cope with this combinatorial explosion, efficient algorithms use heuristics, which guide the search towards optimistic or approximate solutions. Remarkably, hierarchical methods iteratively decompose the planning problem into smaller and much simpler ones. In a vast majority of problems, the planner must deal with constraints, such as multiple predefined phases or protocols. Such constraints generally help solving the planning problem, because they prune lots of search paths where these constraints do not hold. In this thesis, we assume that these constraints are known and given to the planner. We thus propose a new method to model and solve a deterministic planning problem, based on a hierarchical and heuristic approach and taking advantage of these constraints. We inspired ourselves from structured programming formalisms in order to offer a more intuitive modeling framework in the domain of hierarchical planning to the user. We also proposed a planning algorithm able to exploit this formalism and build strategies at various levels of granularity, thus allowing to plan quickly a global strategy, while still being able to overcome the difficulties at lower level. This algorithm showed its performances compared with the main HTN planner, SHOP2, on classical planning problems
Faye, Papa Abdoulaye. "Planification et analyse de données spatio-temporelles." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22638/document.
Full textSpatio-temporal modeling allows to make the prediction of a regionalized variable at unobserved points of a given field, based on the observations of this variable at some points of field at different times. In this thesis, we proposed a approach which combine numerical and statistical models. Indeed by using the Bayesian methods we combined the different sources of information : spatial information provided by the observations, temporal information provided by the black-box and the prior information on the phenomenon of interest. This approach allowed us to have a good prediction of the variable of interest and a good quantification of incertitude on this prediction. We also proposed a new method to construct experimental design by establishing a optimality criterion based on the uncertainty and the expected value of the phenomenon
Menif, Alexandre. "Planification d'actions hiérarchique pour la simulation tactique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED004/document.
Full textThis thesis explores the application of HTN planning to the animation of an infantry platoon in a real-time simulation software. In order to achieve online planning for nearly 40 soldiers, we show that it is possible to optimize the planner for one HTN domain with a compilation of planning elements into C++ static structures and procedures. Then, we demonstrate that the problem structure lends itself to a combination of HTN planning with abstraction planning, achieved with the modelisation of abstract effects for compound tasks. In some conditions, we can detect those task networks that never lead to any executable solution, and therefore improve the search. Eventually, we show that the problem structure enables to formulate evaluation functions that can be input into a non admissible heuristic search algorithm, and that near optimal solutions can be obtained within a short run-time
Daudet, Laurent. "Quelques algorithmes de planification ferroviaire sur voie unique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1222/document.
Full textThis thesis develops algorithms for rail transportation problems, conducted in relationship with the company Eurotunnel which operates the tunnel under the Channel. This partnership is a scientific chair with the École des Ponts et Chaussées, where this thesis was realized. We study three topics throughout the thesis: the first one is an operational problem faced by Eurotunnel, whereas the two other ones are prospective and theoretical problems inspired by their process.The planning process for rail transportation can be divided into several phases (demand estimation, line planning, scheduling of the departure times, rolling stock and crew planning). In a first part, we focus on the scheduling phase on a time interval, applied to the specific case of Eurotunnel. The objective is to compute the departure times of the trains for each of the two stations (Calais in France and Folkestone in England), satisfying operation constraints (security, loading, ...) and commercial agreements with their partners (Eurostar, ...). Moreover, taking into account the delays in the scheduling phase is essential to limit the propagation of the disturbances from train to train in the network. We develop scheduling algorithms for Eurotunnel taking into account the operation and commercial constraints, and the random distributions of the delays for each train. These algorithms use standard tools of Operations Research to model and solve these optimization problems.Pricing is a main issue for transportation companies. Many algorithms have been proposed to help airline companies to define optimized prices of the plane tickets for different classes of passengers. In a second part, we apply some standard pricing frameworks (discrete choice models) in order to optimize in a global way the prices and the departure times of the trains for rail transportation companies. Standard tools of stochastic optimization, discrete choice models, and some heuristics are used in our algorithms to compute the best possible solutions in a limited computation time.We focus in a last part on a class of transportation problems, inspired form Eurotunnel. We give efficient algorithms to solve exactly or to approximate the optimal solutions of these problems. These algorithms give an upper bound of the time complexity of this class of problems. The problems studied consist in scheduling the departure times of shuttles on a fixed trip, to transport passengers, arriving continuously at an initial station, to a given destination. The shuttles are potentially allowed to perform several rotations to transport several groups of passengers. The objective is to minimize the waiting time of the passengers before the depart of their shuttle. Original combinations of convex optimization and graph theory (shortest path problems) are used in our algorithms
Allignol, Cyril. "Planification de trajectoires pour l'optimisation du trafic aérien." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0104/document.
Full textAir traffic in Europe represents about 30,000 flights each day and forecasts from Eurocontrol predict a growth of 70% by 2020 (50,000 flights per day). The airspace, made up of numerous control sectors, will soon be saturated given the current planification and control methods. In order to make the system able to cope with the predicted traffic growth, the air traffic controllers workload has to be reduced by automated systems that help them handle the aircraft separation task. Based on the traffic demand by airlines, this study proposes a new planning method for 4D trajectories that provides conflict-free traffic to the controller. This planning method consists of two successive steps, each handling a unique flight parameter : a flight level allocation phase followed by a ground holding scheme. We present constraint programming models and an evolutionary algorithm to solve these large scale combinatorial optimization problems, as well as techniques for improving the robustness of the model by handling uncertainties of takeoff times and trajectory prediction. Simulations carried out over the French airspace successfully solved all conflicts, with a mean of one minute allocated delay (80 to 90 minutes for the most delayed flight) and a discrepancy from optimal altitude of one flight level for most of the flights. Handling uncertainties with a static method leads to a dramatic increase in the cost of the previous non-robust solutions. However, we propose a dynamic model to deal with this matter, based on a sliding time horizon, which is likely to be able to cope with a few minutes of uncertainty with reasonable impact on the cost of the solutions
Mahamat, Hemchi Hassane. "Mobilités urbaines et planification : le cas de N'Djamena." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30011/document.
Full textThe relation of the individual to his urban environment, already complex, is more complex today because of the proliferation of new mobility practices. New urban spaces are created, supported by policies, cultures and resources.To be convinced of it, we need to remember that the ability to move is an essential right of any individual, a condition of survival of all societies which determines the degree of development of the territory. Our study attempts to show how each type of actor concerned designs and organizes the link between mobility and territory. We study how different strategies are part of the urban space and help us to better understand its strengths and limitations, and how to practice urban mobility. We offer reading grids of the latterbased on the case of the city of N'Djamena, the capital of Chad.This study deals with urban mobility from the analysis of the current transport system functioning, as well as urban management and adaptation strategies tomobilities by the population of N'Djamena. Different strategies are implemented both by the population and by transport operators who are often individuals working in collaboration with various unions. To consider the various socio-spatial aspects and issues of urban mobility practices through the city of N'Djamena, it has been relevant and heuristic to cross the different tools and disciplines of urban planning, sociology, geography and transportation engineering. Space is never given, it is always built. This work thus attempts to define at first the various concepts related to urban mobility – sometimes confused, often antagonistic –, their origins and their interpretations. We demonstrate that mobility is as a concept rising social, urban planning, economic and geographical issues, amongst others. Secondly, this work analyzes the modalities of adaptation of the population to transport offers, in a context of increasing deficiencyconditions in planning, management and conveyancethroughout the city of N'Djamena. Thus, this study addresses the shortcomings of Chadian capital transport system as well as the adaptation strategies of the population, particularly within the periphery that is the 1st, 8th and 9th districts.This study analyzes the origins and causes of the proliferation of bikecabs within the transport system. The latter, appeared in the seventies, is today a practice that evolves between citizen acceptance and political refusal
Phouratsamay, Siao-Leu. "Coordination des décisions de planification dans une chaîne logistique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066547/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on the coordination of planning decisions in a two-level supply chain composed of one supplier and one retailer. Each actor wants to minimize his own cost. The planning decisions independently took by the actors can lead to a poor performance in terms of costs, hence the necessity of coordination. We study cost sharing mechanisms between the actors by designing contracts. In this work, we consider the case where the retailer (resp. supplier) can impose his optimal production plan to the supplier (resp. retailer). Different cost sharing hypothesis, as well as the asymmetric information problem are taking into account in this thesis. We also perform an experimental analysis in order to evaluate the decrease of the supply chain cost obtained when the actors cooperate. This context leads us to study new lot-sizing problems for which we propose a complexity analysis and dynamic programming algorithms in order to solve them. We also propose a theoritical study of two-level lot-sizing problems with inventory bounds
Tréfond, Sabine. "Planification robuste des roulements d’engins dans le domaine ferroviaire." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0921/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with robust rolling-stock planning problems for passenger regional trains. It consists in building robust rolling-stock schedules to operate trains under technical constraints while anticipating operational disturbances that can occur. First of all, we define indicators to characterize robustness in context. We use these indicators to have an effect on solutions that we build. This structural approach is unusual compared to classical robust optimization approaches. We have implemented three methods to solve the problem. A sequential heuristic method enhanced by a local search gives solutions quickly. A column-generation method calculates approximate solutions.An integer linear program is solved exactly to obtain solutions to a global problem. These methods are based on an existing tool at SNCF that optimizes the rolling-stock planning problem to assure optimal production costs. A simulation tool evaluates robustness indicators to compare solutions. Tests on real instances have proved the relevance of the approaches and have lead to the use of a prototype in production
Zhang, Pengcheng. "Optimisation de la planification en radiothérapie prostatique et ORL." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S042/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the optimization of planning in prostate and head-and-neck radiation therapy. In order to improve the dose calculation, the Pencil Beam method was firstly modified by considering a spherical coordinate system, by improving the heterogeneities correction method and by accelerating the calculation by performing the convolution operations using the Fast Fourier Transform. The proposed approach was compared to conventional methods using different numerical phantoms. This evaluation demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed method and the acceleration of the calculations by a factor 40 by the method using the Fast Fourier Transform, but at the cost of deterioration in the accuracy of the results. In a second step, the incorporation of biological criteria in the optimization of the treatment plan has been implemented through an equivalent convex NTCP constraints and its optimization. The evaluation of this approach has been performed on the data of ten patients treated for prostate cancer and has shown that the proposed method produces clinically satisfactory plans with better results in terms of predicted toxicity. A method to compensate geometric uncertainties occurring during treatment has also been proposed, based on the expansion in series of Taylor and a Butterworth filter. Its evaluation has shown its effectiveness in reducing high-frequency oscillations as well as the presence of hot and cold spots. Finally, in the context of adaptive radiotherapy in head and neck, a study was conducted to identify the optimal scenario of replannings, i.e. the number and timing of replannings. The comparison criteria were based on the calculation of the cumulative dose received by the parotid during the whole treatment. The effectiveness of the replanning has been demonstrated, for example with a decreased risk of toxicity 9% for the optimal scenario. The perspectives of this work relate to the combination of these methods in a comprehensive planning process to assess their clinical impact
Allaoua, Hanane. "Routage et planification des personnels pour l'hospitalisation à domicile." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132060/document.
Full textHome health care (HHC), i.e., visiting and nursing patients athome, is a growing sector in the medical care system. There fore, the optimal scheduling of the health care staffs arises. The objective of this problem consists in constructing routes and rosters for the staffs while optimizing costs. We propose an integer linear programming formulation (ILP) that clearly formulate the constraints of the problem. We present a matheuristic to solve the daily routing and rostering problem. We also develop a variant of our matheuristic defined for a period of 14 days. It takes into account several constraints in addition to those considered in the daily planning. Finally, we introduce the problem of reoptimizing the routing and rostering staffs and we give some ideas to solve this problem. These methods combine heuristic algorithms, dynamic programming and mathematical programming
Hrouga, Mustapha. "Optimisation de la logistique inverse et planification du désassemblage." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0021/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we mainly deal with lot sizing problems by disassembling with a structure of products to disassemble with two levels and without commonality components. We treat two different problems. In the first problem, we consider a single product whose contribution focuses on developing the two programming models integers. The first model is considered without lost sales where all demands must be satisfied, and the second one is considered with lost sales where demands may not be met. To solve this problem, we first develop an analytical approach to calculate the surplus stocks (before solving the problem) at the end of the planning horizon. Then we adapt three heuristics known for their performance and widely used in the lot sizing problem of production "Silver Meal, Part Period Balancing and Least Unit Cost". In the second problem, we consider a number of products with capacity constraint, and the contribution relates to the extension of the two previous models. The first is considered without lost sales and the second with lost sales. Regarding the resolution of this problem and given its complexity, a genetic algorithm is first proposed. Then, to improve this algorithm, we integrate a Fix-and-Optimize heuristic in the latter while offering a hybrid approach. Finally, various tests are performed on different literature instances to demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of each solving approach
Largent, Axel. "Planification de radiothérapie externe à partir d'imagerie par résonance magnétique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S085/document.
Full textIn external beam radiotherapy, X-ray imaging (CT-scan and CBCT) is the main imaging modality for treatment planning and dose delivery. CT-scan provides the electron density information required for dose calculation. CBCT allows fast imaging for patient positioning, tracking and gating of the tumor. However, X-ray imaging has a poor soft tissue contrast, and it is an ionizing imaging, in contrast of MRI. Thanks to this better soft tissue contrast, MRI could improve patient positioning, tumor and organs at risk delineation, and dose targeting. The introduction of MRI in the radiotherapy workflow is therefore a topical issue. This thesis firstly aims to optimize an MRI protocol with patient in head-and-neck radiotherapy treatment position. This protocol was endorsed by our clinical center. The second aim of this thesis was to conducted dose calculation from MRI. However, this imaging, unlike CT, lacks the electron density information required for dose calculation. To address this issue, an original non-local-mean patch-based method (PBM) and a deep learning method (DLM) were used to generate pseudo-CTs from MRIs, and compute the dose. The DLM was a generative adversarial network, and the PBM was performed by using an approximate nearest neighbor search with MR feature images. These both methods were evaluated and compared to an atlas-based method (ABM) and a bulk density method (BDM). This comparison was performed by using image and dosimetric endpoints. The DLM and PBM appeared the most accurate methods. The DLM was faster and more robust to anatomical variations than the PBM
Morin, Pierre-Antoine. "Planification et ordonnancement de projets sous contraintes de ressources complexes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30291/document.
Full textThe project structure arises in many fields of industry and services. It consists in performing a set of activities that may be linked by precedence relations, and use resources whose capacity is limited. The objective is to minimize a criterion usually linked to the duration or the cost of the project. Most of project scheduling problems in the literature assume that the same time scale should be used to determine activity start and completion dates and check resource constraints at each time. However, although it is often required in practice to build a precise schedule specifying the execution range of each activity, the resource usage can be evaluated on an aggregated basis, like worker shifts. In this thesis, a new model that enables the integration of these two time scales is presented in order to define the periodically aggregated resource-constrained project scheduling problem (PARCPSP). This problem is studied within the framework of complexity theory and several structural properties are established, highlighting major differences with the standard resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). These properties allow deriving exact formulations based on integer linear programming, whose linear relaxations are compared. Moreover, several heuristics, such as schedule generations schemes, or an approached method based on a multi time scale iterative process, are proposed. Experimental results show the interest of these different methods and point out the intractability of the problem
Gharbi, Mokhtar. "Planification de mouvements et manipulation d'objets par des torses humanoïdes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0073/document.
Full textThe emergence of new more and more complex service robots opens new research fields on objet manipulation. Despite the recent progresses in motion planning techniques, few of them deal directly with multi-arm systems like humanoid torsos. Our contribution through this thesis focuses on three aspects. We present an efficient motion planning technique based on the multi-arm system motion coordination. It takes advantage of the system's structure by dividing it into elementary parts of which movements are planned independently of the rest of the system. Generated elementary networks are then fused to obtain a roadmap that takes into account the whole robot. The second contribution consists of the extension of motion planning methods for a robot under loop closure constraints. These kinematic loops appear in the system when, for example, the humanoid torso grasps an objet with two arms. This method treats explicitly the singular configurations of the manipulators, providing better handling of the object. Finally, we present two approaches for planning object manipulation tasks by humanoid torsos. The first concerns solving pick and place task by humanoid torso where the imposed task constraints require a passage through a double grasp to transfer the object from one hand to the other. The second approach concerns the resolution of the same type of task by a mobile manipulator. The presented methods have been integrated on a real platform, Justin, and validated with experiments in the frame of E.U. FP-6 PHRIENDS project
Perrin, NIcolas. "Planification de pas pour robots humanoïdes : approches discrètes et continues." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0080/document.
Full textIn this thesis we investigate two types of approaches for footstep planning for humanoid robots: on one hand the discrete approaches where the robot has only a finite set of possible steps, and on the other hand the approaches where the robot uses continuous feasibility regions. We study these problems both on a theoretical and practical level. In particular, we describe two original, coherent and efficient methods for footstep planning, one in the discrete case (chapter 5), and one in the continuous case (chapter 6). We validate these methods in simulation and with several experiments on the robot HRP-2
Benhizia, Faten. "OPTIMISATION DU PLAN DE TRANSPORT PAR PLANIFICATION INTEGREE DES RESSOURCES." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EMSE0668/document.
Full textThe planning of railway production at the french national railways (sncf) is currently based on a mainly sequential process in which the design of railway timetabling widely conditioning design planning of railway equipment (rolling stock), then one of the train drivers (driver rosters). this strategy of sequential planning of railway resources massively adopted for practical and scientific reasons (expertise, complexity of the railway system, etc.). however, this strategy generates solutions which can be more expensive and less robust to uncertainties, because decisions taken at any given stage can significantly reduce the overall feasible solutions of the following steps.given this situation and the strong interaction between these heterogeneous and very expensive resources, the thesis deals with the feasibility and inputs of a process where these critical resources could be planned and optimized in an integrated way. the thesis focuses on the feasibility study, prototyping and validation of an integrated approach for planning rolling stocks and drivers, so as to improve the efficiency of the overall transportation plan, increase sncf competitiveness and enhance the quality of its services. we propose a mixed integer linear programming formulation of the rolling stock/ train drivers integrated planning problem. in this mathematical model, each planning sub-problem is formalized and coupling constraints are further introduced to model the interdependencies of these two resources when they are simultaneously used for train production. in this heuristic, the solution of the lagrangian dual and the calculation of feasible solutions are performed by calling two proprietary software modules available at sncf for planning rolling stocks and train drivers. the heuristic is tested experimentally with real data from the ter bretagne region, and several evolutions are introduced in the models and algorithms so as to improve their performances.validation tests on of real data sets at an industrial scale are encouraging and, when compared to a traditional (sequential) approach, show gain of up to 4% for train drivers used
Kruse, Thibault. "Planning for human robot interaction." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30059/document.
Full textThe recent advances in robotics inspire visions of household and service robots making our lives easier and more comfortable. Such robots will be able to perform several object manipulation tasks required for household chores, autonomously or in cooperation with humans. In that role of human companion, the robot has to satisfy many additional requirements compared to well established fields of industrial robotics. The purpose of planning for robots is to achieve robot behavior that is goal-directed and establishes correct results. But in human-robot-interaction, robot behavior cannot merely be judged in terms of correct results, but must be agree-able to human stakeholders. This means that the robot behavior must suffice additional quality criteria. It must be safe, comfortable to human, and intuitively be understood. There are established practices to ensure safety and provide comfort by keeping sufficient distances between the robot and nearby persons. However providing behavior that is intuitively understood remains a challenge. This challenge greatly increases in cases of dynamic human-robot interactions, where the actions of the human in the future are unpredictable, and the robot needs to constantly adapt its plans to changes. This thesis provides novel approaches to improve the legibility of robot behavior in such dynamic situations. Key to that approach is not to merely consider the quality of a single plan, but the behavior of the robot as a result of replanning multiple times during an interaction. For navigation planning, this thesis introduces directional cost functions that avoid problems in conflict situations. For action planning, this thesis provides the approach of local replanning of transport actions based on navigational costs, to provide opportunistic behavior. Both measures help human observers understand the robot's beliefs and intentions during interactions and reduce confusion
Li, Yantong. "Modèles et algorithmes pour une classe de problèmes combinés de production et de tournées de véhicules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE036/document.
Full textThe production routing problem (PRP) consists of determining an integrated production and distribution planning that aims to optimize overall cost and improve service level. Although the PRP has been attracting academic and practical interests, it has not been well studied in the literature. Food production routing problem (FPRP) that is more complex than the classic PRP due to food perishability, has rarely been studied. This thesis focuses on developing new models and algorithms for the PRP and FPRP.Firstly, a multi-product PRP with outsourcing (MPRPOS) that is a generalization of the classic PRP is addressed. For the problem, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed and a three-level heuristic is designed. Computational experiments on 225 newly generated MPRPOS instances and 1530 PRP benchmark instances demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed heuristic. Especially, 283 new best solutions for PRP benchmark instances are found by the heuristic.Considering food quality and perishability, and based on the study for the PRP, three new FPRPs are then investigated, i.e., 1) a multi-plant FPRP with packaging consideration (MFPRP); 2) a bi-objective FPRP (BFPRP) that minimizes the total supply chain cost and maximizes food quality simultaneously; and 3) a FPRP with delivery time window constraints (FPRPTW). For each of the studied problems, a MILP model is proposed. Moreover, a hybrid matheuristic that combines a two-phase iterative method, a fix-and-optimize procedure, and a route-based optimization is developed for the MFPRP. For the BFPRP, an epsilon-constraint-based heuristic and a fuzzy logic decision method are proposed to generate near-optimal Pareto solutions and to help decision makers select a preferred solution. And the FPRPTW is directly solved by the state-of-the-art solver CPLEX. A case study shows the proposed model and algorithm for BFPRP can improve food supply chain performance. Computational results on randomly generated instances demonstrate the proposed hybrid matheuristic and epsilon-constraint-based heuristic outperform CPLEX
Tagne, Fokam Gilles. "Commande et planification de trajectoires pour la navigation de véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2004/document.
Full textMy research focuses on trajectory planning and control of autonomous vehicles. This work is a part of an extremely ambitious project launched by the Heudiasyc laboratory about autonomous driving at high speed (longitudinal speed greater to 5m/s ~= 18 km/h). With regard to the control of autonomous vehicles at high speed, a lateral controler using higher-order sliding mode control is proposed. Given the implicit similarity between the sliding mode and the principle of immersion and invariance, two controllers using the principle of immersion and invariance have been subsequently proposed in order to improve the performance with respect to the sliding mode. The development of these new controllers shows very strong robust stability which leads us to study the intrinsic properties of the system. A study of the passivity properties of the system is also crried out, showing some interesting characteristics of the system. Hence, a robust passivity-based controller has been developed. Regarding the navigation, we have developed two navigation algorithms based on the tentacles method. Subsequently, a feasibility study of trajectory generation strategies for high speed driving is conducted. The outcome of the simulation proved that the algorithms gave out good results with respect to the expected ogjectives of obstacle avoidance and global reference path following. Control and motion planning algorithms developed were validated offline by simulation with real data. They have been also tested on a realistic simulator
Letondeur, Loic. "Planification pour la gestion autonomique de l'élasticité d'applications dans le cloud." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM059/document.
Full textCloud computing permits cost optimization of both deployment and maintenance applications. Thanks to the cloud, applications can be deployed and reconfigured in a few minutes. Each application can thus be continuously maintained at a fair size, so that it can continuously maintain a sufficient quality of service without using too many resources. This adaptation is achieved thanks to the feature named « elasticity ». However, the state of the art shows that current solutions for the management of elasticity are restricted to multi-tier applications and do not manage all possible scenarios. The cloud is actually a young paradigm and the various market providers manage to offer elasticity. If the provided elasticity has the undeniable advantage of being a fast and easy mean to manage basic cases, it does not address the needs of many users.To tackle the current limits of elasticity, the work presented in this manuscript propose a tool for the specification of elasticity that is named Vulcan. Besides being simple and complete, Vulcan shows that there is no correlation between the completeness of a solution for the management of elasticity and the complexity of its use. Based on an autonomous approach, Vulcan brings the following contributions :- a model for elastic applications : it is used to describe how an application should evolve over the reconfigurations induced during elasticity. This description is done at a high level said « by intension » thanks to an innovative formalism. The proposed formalism is at the basis of the Vulcan simplicity of use.- a scheduling algorithm : this algorithm resolves various parameters during elasticity while providing to the user of Vulcan an easy comprehension. - a prototype that implements all of the concepts described in this manuscript.Making use of both innovative concepts and principles from proven solutions, Vulcan has shown its capabilities to push the current limits of elasticity
Desport, Pierre. "Planification tactique de chaîne d'approvisionnement en boucle fermée : modélisation, résolution, évaluation." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0012/document.
Full textSupply chains are ubiquitous across industries and a considerable effort has been invested in supply chain management techniques over the last decades. In Telecommunications service industries, it often involves repair operations and consequently takes place in a closed-loop supply chain. In this context, supply chain management is concerned with optimally planning movements of faulty parts and spare parts based on a demand forecast and in the face of conflicting objectifs (stock out, storage, repair, transfer). This thesis describes this optimisation problem and based on a case study. Specifically, we consider a tactical planning decision support system. This system depends on a generic modeling of the problem that can be applied on a wide range of supply chains. We present an exact method and a metaheuristic to solve this problem and evaluate our approaches against a variety of instances of different sizes. We also study the ability to emulate specific management policies (e.g., just-in-time replenishment, minimal repair) by weighting the objectives. Finally, we investigate how to apply successive plans generated by the system and study the capability to face forecast uncertainties
Al, Chami Zaher. "Planification en Distribution Urbaine : Optimisation des tournées dans un contexte collaboratif." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA016/document.
Full textNowadays, transportation plays a key role in our modern countries’life, in particular for the goods flows. The logistics of flows between regions, countries and continents have benefited from technological and organizational innovations ensuring efficiency and effectiveness. It has not been the same at the urban scale, especially in city centers: the management of flows in a high population density environment has not yet found its organizational model. Today, urban logistics or "last mile" management is therefore a major issue, both socio-political and environmental as well as economic. Urban logistics is characterized by several actors (shippers or owners of goods, customers, carriers, public authorities, ...) each with different priorities (reduction of pollution, improvement of service quality, minimization of total distance traveled, ...). To overcome these challenges, one possible lever is to optimize the distribution and/or collection of goods in the context and under the constraints of the city.The goal of this PhD work is then to plan the distribution of goods in a logistics network, approached from a collaboration angle between shippers. This collaboration consists in grouping the demands of several shippers to optimize the loading rate of the trucks and to obtain better transport prices. Here, managing the "last mile" is similar to what is known in the literature as the Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP). In this thesis, we are interested in variants of this problem more adapted to the urban context. After having realized a state of the art on the combinatorial optimization problems around the transport and the methods used for their resolution, we study two new variants of the problem of collection and delivery: the Selective PDP with Windows and Paired Demands and the Multi-period PDP with Windows and Paired Demands. The first allows carriers to deliver the maximum number of customers in a day for example; with the second, and in case of impossibility of delivery in this period, we determine the best delivery date by minimizing the distance traveled. Each of them is the subject of a formal description, of a mathematical modeling in the form of a linear program, then of a resolution by exact methods, heuristics and metaheuristics, in single-objective and multi-objective cases. The performance of each approach was evaluated by a substantial number of tests on instances of different sizes from the literature and / or that we generated. The advantages and drawbacks of each approach are analyzed, in particular in the context of collaboration between shippers
Bechon, Patrick. "Planification multirobot pour des missions de surveillance avec contraintes de communication." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0010/document.
Full textThe goal of this work is to enable a team of heterogeneous autonomous robotsto perform a complex mission in a real environment with communication constraints. Thisapproach was therefore to create and validate a distributed embedded architecture ableto plan, to monitor the execution of a plan and to repair a plan when an unexpectedevent occurs. This document shows the conception of an hybrid planning algorithm, namedHiPOP, used to compute initial plans before the beginning of the mission and to repair theplan during the mission when something unexpected happens. It also shows the conceptionof a monitoring algorithm, named METAL, used to monitor the execution of the planon each robot and, when needed, which calls HiPOP to repair the plan. Both algorithmswere implemented and used to carry out surveillance missions up to 12 robots, both insimulation and in a real life scenario
Demesure, Guillaume. "Coordination et planification de systèmes multi-agents dans un environnement manufacturier." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0029/document.
Full textThis thesis is focused on agent navigation in a manufacturing environment. The proposed framework deals with the navigation of AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles), which freely and smartly transport their product. The objective is to propose some tools allowing the autonomous and cooperative navigation of AGV fleets in manufacturing systems for which temporal constraints are important. After presenting the state of the art of each field (manufacturing systems and agent navigation), the impacts of the cross-fertilization between these two fields are presented. Then, two issues, related to the navigation of mobile agents in manufacturing systems, are studied. The first issue focuses on decentralized motion planning where a scheduling function is combined with the planner for each agent. This function allows choosing a resource during the navigation to complete the ongoing operation of the transported product at the soonest date. The first proposed approach consists in a heterarchical architecture where the AGVs have to plan (or update) their trajectory, schedule their product and solve their own conflict with communicating agents. For the second approach, hybrid architecture with a supervisor, which assists agents during the navigation, is proposed. The motion planning scheme is divided into two steps. The first step uses global information provided by the supervisor to anticipate the future collisions. The second step is local and uses information from communicating agents to ensure the collision avoidance. In order to reduce the computational times, a particle swarm optimization is introduced. The second issue is focused on the cooperative control, allowing a rendezvous of nonholomic agents at a specific configuration. This rendezvous must be achieved in a prescribed time, provided by the higher level of control. To solve this rendezvous, a fixed time (i.e. independent of initial conditions) switching control law is proposed, allowing the convergence of agent states towards a resource configuration. Some numerical and experimental results are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed methods
Stroh, Rémi. "Planification d’expériences numériques en multi-fidélité : Application à un simulateur d’incendies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC049/document.
Full textThe presented works focus on the study of multi-fidelity numerical models, deterministic or stochastic. More precisely, the considered models have a parameter which rules the quality of the simulation, as a mesh size in a finite difference model or a number of samples in a Monte-Carlo model. In that case, the numerical model can run low-fidelity simulations, fast but coarse, or high-fidelity simulations, accurate but expensive. A multi-fidelity approach aims to combine results coming from different levels of fidelity in order to save computational time. The considered method is based on a Bayesian approach. The simulator is described by a state-of-art multilevel Gaussian process model which we adapt to stochastic cases in a fully-Bayesian approach. This meta-model of the simulator allows estimating any quantity of interest with a measure of uncertainty. The goal is to choose new experiments to run in order to improve the estimations. In particular, the design must select the level of fidelity meeting the best trade-off between cost of observation and information gain. To do this, we propose a sequential strategy dedicated to the cases of variable costs, called Maximum Rate of Uncertainty Reduction (MRUR), which consists of choosing the input point maximizing the ratio between the uncertainty reduction and the cost. The methodology is illustrated in fire safety science, where we estimate probabilities of failure of a fire protection system
Stretton, Erin. "Simulation de modèles personnalisés de gliomes pour la planification de thérapies." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0064/document.
Full textTumor growth models based on the Fisher Kolmogorov (FK) reaction-diffusion equation have shown convincing results in reproducing and predicting the invasion patterns of glioma brain tumors. In this thesis we use different FK model formulations to i) assess the need of patient-specific DTIs when modeling LGGs, ii) study cancer cell infiltration after tumor resections, and iii) define a metric to determine progressive disease for low-grade glimoas (LGG).Diffusion tensor images (DTIs) have been suggested to model the anisotropic diffusion of tumor cells in brain white matter. However, patient specific DTIs are expensive and often acquired with low resolution, which compromises the accuracy of the tumor growth models' results. We used a FK formulation to describe the evolution of the visible boundary of the tumor to investigate the impact of replacing the patient DTI by i) an isotropic diffusion map or ii) an anisotropic high-resolution DTI atlas formed by averaging the DTIs of multiple patients. We quantify the impact of replacing the patient DTI using synthetic tumor growth simulations and tumor evolution predictions on a clinical case. This study suggests that modeling glioma growth with tissue based differential motility (not using a DTI) yields slightly less accurate results than using a DTI. However, refraining from using a DTI would be sufficient in situations when modeling LGGs. Therefore, any of these DTI options are valid to use in a FK formulation to model LGG growth with the purpose of aiding clinicians in therapy planning.After a brain resection medical professionals want to know what the best type of follow-up treatment would be for a particular patient, i.e., chemotherapy for diffuse tumors or a second resection after a given amount of time for bulky tumors. We propose a thorough method to leverage FK reaction-diffusion glioma growth models on post-operative cases showing brain distortions to estimate tumor cell infiltration beyond the visible boundaries in FLAIR MRIs. Our method addresses two modeling challenges: i) the challenge of brain parenchyma movement after surgery with a non-linear registration technique and ii) the challenge of incomplete post-operative tumor segmentations by combining two infiltration maps, where one was simulated from a pre-operative image and one estimated from a post-operative image. We used the data of two patients with LGG to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed three-step method. We believe that our proposed method could help clinicians anticipate tumor regrowth after a resection and better characterize the radiological non-visible infiltrative extent of a tumor to plan therapy.For LGGs captured on FLAIR/T2 MRIs, there is a substantial amount debate on selecting a definite threshold for size-based metrics to determine progressive disease (PD) and it is still an open item for the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Working Group. We propose an approach to assess PD of LGG using tumor growth speed estimates from a FK formulation that takes into consideration irregularities in tumor shape, differences in growth speed between gray matter and white matter, and volumetric changes. Using the FLAIR MRIs of nine patients we compare the PD estimates of our proposed approach to i) the ones calculated using 1D, 2D, and 3D manual tumor growth speed estimates and ii) the ones calculated using a set of well-established size-based criteria (RECIST, Macdonald, and RANO). We conclude from our comparison results that our proposed approach is promising for assessing PD of LGG from a limited number of MRI scans. It is our hope that this model's tumor growth speed estimates could one day be used as another parameter in clinical therapy planning
Libourel, Éloïse. "Le corridor ferroviaire méditerranéen : planification, politisation et territorialisation d'un projet d'aménagement." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1180/document.
Full textThe Mediterranean corridor stands at the meeting point of a Spanish railway project in the 1920s and a second project which has formed part of the Trans-European Networks of Transport since the 1990s. The subject is thus this coastal axis, including cities, activities and infrastructure. The bottom line is the idea that the Mediterranean corridor has to be placed in a territorial context that is plural. Indeed, it is both perennial, within the scope of the long-term timeline of the construction and planning of the Spanish territory, and evolving within the political temporality of the planning process and its successive stages. It also has an inherent multiscalar component due to the institutional process and to its impact on the territory. Our hypothesis is that in Spain the corridor involves an interaction with the political and economic questions, so that it cannot be simply considered as a transport project (yet not materialized by infrastructure), and should rather be tackled through its political dimension. Right at the meeting point of these stakes, we have chosen to use a territorial approach, contrary to the majority of works that have been dedicated to this subject. This territorial angle makes it possible to study the Mediterranean corridor through its spatial dimension, taking into account both the economic and political questions that shape the corridor in its territorial aspect and the various implications of the project on this territory at all scales. This thesis develops two main ideas. The first ambition of this work is to understand how this project, which began as a plan for infrastructure as part of a decision-making process regarding spatial planning, then became a powerful factor in the rearticulation of the roles of the different stakeholders and the reinterpretation of the paradigms of planning at all scales. We will then be able to investigate the dialectics between the various institutional levels on the one hand and between the various territorial scales (European, national, regional and local) on the other hand. The integration of the project within the territories can be performed through different forms of territorialisation, both material and immaterial, from the construction of railway equipment to the rearticulation of the roles of the stakeholders within a given territory. We therefore witness a double process of politisation of the local interests through the action of business associations at the regional level, and depolitisation of the debate about the corridor as the project reaches a European level. Three key outcomes emerged from this work based on a methodology relying mainly on interviews as well as the study of planning documentation and the manifestations of the Mediterranean corridor in the public debate. The first idea is that, given its plasticity, the corridor becomes indeed a political subject: it is both a project for infrastructure with evolving characteristics and a catalyst gathering different interests around a common objective. Secondly, as it corresponds to different territorial representations and objectives, the Mediterranean corridor cannot be materialized as infrastructure because this materiality would deprive it from its role as a federator of interests and would therefore destroy the fragile unity that was made possible by its claim. This inherent material impossibility of the Mediterranean corridor is at the same time a fundamental component of its position as a mediator between the different stakeholders. Finally, being at the centre of a territorialisation process that is indeed plural, the Mediterranean corridor echoes all three meanings of this concept: it is one of the avatars of the major European and Spanish spatial structures; it is also a factor of the emergence of new territorial structures at a local scale; and it allows a reorganisation of the interactions of the different stakeholders around a project, within its very own spatial manifestation
Rusu, Alexandru. "Planification de chemin et navigation autonome pour un rover d’exploration planétaire." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0049/document.
Full textESA’s ExoMars mission will deploy a 300kg class rover on Mars, which will serveas a mobile platform for the onboard scientific instruments to reach safely desired locations where subsurface drilling and scientific measurements are scheduled. Due to the limited inter-planetary communication constraints, full autonomous on board navigation capabilities are crucial as the rover has to drive over 70 meters per sol(Martian day) to reach designated scientific sites. The core of the navigation softwareto be deployed on the ExoMars rover uses as baseline the autonomous navigation architecture developed by CNES during the last 20 years. Such algorithms are designed to meet the mission-specific constraints imposed by the available spatial technology such as energy consumption, memory, computation power and time costs.The first objective of this thesis is to improve the performance of the successive localpath planning architecture proposed by CNES. First, the use of an increment allocal path planner, Fringe Retrieving A∗, is proposed to reduce the path planning computation load. This is complemented by the introduction of binary heaps in the management structures of the path planner. In-place-turn maneuvers during trajectory execution are further reduced by using a state lattice path planner which encodes the steering capabilities of the rover.The second research direction concerns global path planning capabilities for roboticplanetary exploration. First the onboard memory constraints are relaxed and a studyevaluating the use of a global D∗ lite path planner is performed. Second, a novel multi-resolution representation of the navigation map which covers larger areas atno memory cost increase is proposed. It is further used by a global path planner which automatically reduces the computational load by selecting its search direction based on obstacle shapes and distribution in the navigation space
Vernhes, Simon. "Décomposition des problèmes de planification de tâches basée sur les landmarks." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0050/document.
Full textThe algorithms allowing on-the-fly computation of efficient strategies solving aheterogeneous set of problems has always been one of the greatest challengesfaced by research in Artificial Intelligence. To this end, classical planningprovides to a system reasoning capacities, in order to help it to interact with itsenvironment autonomously. Given a description of the world current state, theactions the system is able to perform, and the goal it is supposed to reach, a plannercan compute an action sequence yielding a state satisfying the predefined goal. Theplanning problem is usually intractable (PSPACE-hard), however some propertiesof the problems can be automatically extracted allowing the design of efficientsolvers.Firstly, we have developed the Landmark-based Meta Best-First Search (LMBFS)algorithm. Unlike state-of-the-art planners, usually based on state-space heuristicsearch, LMBFS reenacts landmark-based planning problem decomposition. Alandmark is a fluent appearing in each and every solution plan. The LMBFSalgorithm splits the global problem in a set of subproblems and tries to find aglobal solution using the solutions found for these subproblems. Secondly, wehave adapted classical planning techniques to enhance the performance of ourbase algorithm, making LMBFS a competitive planner. Finally, we have tested andcompared these methods
Xiao, Zhanhao. "Raffinement des intentions." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10051/document.
Full textPorkar, Koumleh Siyamak. "Planification technico-économique de la production décentralisée raccordée aux réseaux de distribution." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10021/document.
Full textIn the recent years, there is a worldwide wave of considerable changes in power industries, including the operation of distribution networks. Deregulation, open market, alternative and local energy sources, new energy conversion technologies and other future development of electrical power systems must pursue different goals. Also growth in the demand and change in load patterns may create major bottlenecks in the delivery of electric energy. This would cause distribution system stress. The complexity of the problems related to distribution systems planning is mainly caused by multiple objectives. It is predicted that Distributed Generation (DG) will play an increasing role in the electrical power system of the future, not only for the cost savings but also for the additional power quality. Careful coordination and placement of DGs is mandatory. Improper placement can reduce DGs benefits and even jeopardize the system operation and condition. This thesis discusses the effects of DG implementation under different distribution system conditions and states not only to decrease system costs and losses but also to improve power quality, system voltage and line congestion. Three methodologies included mathematical model to obtain the optimal DG capacity sizing and sitting investments with capability to solve large distribution system planning problem. These frameworks have allowed validating the economical and electrical benefits of introducing DG by solving the distribution system planning problem and by improving power quality of distribution system. DG installation increases the feeders’ lifetime by reducing their loading and adds the benefit of using the existing distribution system for further load growth without the need for feeders upgrading. More, by investing in DG, the DISCO can minimize its total planning cost and reduce its customers’ bills
Gomez, Urrutia Edwin David. "Optimisation intégrée des décisions en planification et ordonnancement dans une chaîne logistique." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0744/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the optimization of flow planning and scheduling, within a strategy to integrate decisions for supply chain planning at tactical level, taking into account operational constraints. The goal of this work is to address the need for consistency between decisions arising from production planning and scheduling. These decisions are often taken in a sequential order, leading most of the time to unfeasible production plans. We propose an integrated approach to solve single-level and multi-level problems in multi-item multi-resource systems configured as job-shops.Both capacitated production planning and scheduling problems, in complex manufacturing systems, are NP-hard. Therefore, integrating constraints of both problems generates a new problem which is even more difficult to solve. We propose a decomposition of the integrated problem into a set of several sub-problems with fixed sequence, solved by Lagrangian Relaxation. The sequence improvement is guided by a Tabu Search. The efficiency of the integrated approach comparing to a standard solver is proved in terms of solution quality and computational effort. In case of multi-level problems, we propose a new mathematical model based on the concept of echelon stock, as well as new algorithms and smoothing strategies to build production plans respecting detailed capacity and bill-of-materials constraints
Mocquillon, Cédric. "Problématiques d'ordonnancement et de planification pour un système de production de shampoings." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4034/document.
Full textSystems of production represent a privileged area of application of techniques from operational research. Organizing the product flow in such a system is a complex task : the number of constraints to take into account is generally high and the data can be uncertain (it is difficult to know precisely the amount of product that will be sold in several weeks or months). To be able to effectively organize the product flow, the organization is divided into three distinct phases : the strategic phase, the planning phase and operational phase. This thesis focuses on the last two phases for a shampoo production site
Nizard, Ange. "Planification et commande pour véhicules à deux trains directeurs en milieu encombré." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC061/document.
Full textThe next sector to be highly automated is probably road transport. First in an uncomplicated environment as is already the case on highway, then eventually in the most difficult scenarios, such as those encountered at the heart of the urban traffic. An intermediate step is to introduce autonomous vehicles in urban areas, but outside traffic, as on closed sites. These environments have particular characteristics, they can be very cluttered. So to be able to navigate autonomously, the vehicles have to be agile, precise and safe, but also efficient, i.e. fast. This thesis addresses two key issues of autonomous navigation in cluttered environments: path planning and tracking for bi-steerable (4WS) vehicles. Indeed, the 4WS kinematics is the response of the manufacturers to the need for agility and requires the development of adapted control techniques. Real-time path planning allows the avoidance of obstacles in order to make the service robust to the vagaries of the environment. The automatic control of the direction then makes it possible to follow these paths with precision. The main difficulty about path planning is the contrast between the low onboard computing power and the high temporal constraints imposed by the need for reactivity. It is thus necessary to choose the appropriate approach and to implement the most efficient algorithmic simplifications, i.e. reducing the amount of calculations without reducing the quality of the generated paths. In addition, path planning in cluttered environment raises the problem of dead-ends in which the most reactive methods remain stuck. Then, the adopted approach consists in constructing a navigation function in two dimensions from which the path is extracted. In the sense of the chosen criteria, it is optimal for a circular vehicle. Strategies are then put in place to adapt this algorithm to 4WS vehicles of rectangular shape, such as the central dual-path concept which allows to represent the trajectory of a mobile with three degrees of freedom in a two-dimensional space. Finally, other strategies and heuristics are introduced to optimize the performance of the planning algorithm and allow it to generate efficient maneuvers. Concerning the development of the controller, it is about choosing the evolution model which best reflects the behavior of the vehicle with respect to the dual-path that it must follow and then deducing the front and rear control laws. The 4WS bicycle model has shown itself to be very effective. This kinematic model makes it possible to easily introduce useful side-slip angles allowing to compensate the slippage of the tires on the ground, whether due to a lack of grip or an imperfect geometry of the axles. State feedback control laws are then synthesized and a strategy for managing the saturation of the actuators is proposed. Finally, this first controller is declined in a predictive version that provides a very stable tracking on real vehicles.The contributions were all evaluated in simulation and in full-scale experiments on the EZ10, an industrial 4WS electric shuttle. Finally, it turns out that the performances exceed initial expectations
Ben, Ammar Oussama. "Planification des réapprovisionnements sous incertitudes pour les systèmes d’assemblage à plusieurs niveaux." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0756/document.
Full textIn the current industrial context, the offer is largely higher than the demand. Therefore, the customers are more and more exigent. To distance themselves, companies need to offer to their customers the best quality products, the best costs, and with controlled lead times as short as possible. Last years, the struggle for reducing costs was accentuated within companies. However, stocks represent an important financial asset, and therefore, it is essential to control them. In addition, a bad management of stocks led either to delays in delivery, which generate additional production costs, either to the unnecessary inventory. The latter one can occur at different levels (from components at the last level to finished product), it costs money and immobilize funds. That is why, planners have to look for efficient methods of production and supply planning, to know exactly for each component, and when to order and in which quantity.The aim of this doctoral thesis is to investigate the supply planning in an uncertain environment. We are interested in a replenishment planning for multi-level assembly systems under a fixed demand and uncertainty of components lead times.We consider that each component has a fixed unit inventory cost; the finished product has an inventory cost and a backlogging cost per unit of time. Then, a general mathematical model for replenishment planning of multi-level assembly systems, genetic algorithm and branch and bound method are presented to calculate and to optimize the expected value of the total cost which equals to the sum of the inventory holding costs for the components, the backlogging and the inventory holding costs for the finished product. We can state by the different results that the convergence of the GA doesn't depend only on the number of components in the last level but also on the number of levels, the type of the BOM and the backlogging cost for the finished product
Padonou, Esperan. "Apprentissage Statistique en Domaine Circulaire Pour la Planification de Contrôles en Microélectronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM009/document.
Full textDriven by industrial needs in microelectronics, this thesis is focused on probabilistic models for spatial data and Statistical Process Control. The spatial problem has the specificity of being defined on circular domains. It is addressed through a Kriging model where the deterministic part is made of orthogonal polynomials and the stochastic term represented by a Gaussian process. Defined with the Euclidean distance and the uniform measure over the disk, traditional Kriging models do not exploit knowledge on manufacturing processes. To take rotations or diffusions from the center into account, we introduce polar Gaussian processes over the disk. They embed radial and angular correlations in Kriging predictions, leading to significant improvements in the considered situations. Polar Gaussian processes are then interpreted via Sobol decomposition and generalized in higher dimensions. Different designs of experiments are developed for the proposed models. Among them, Latin cylinders reproduce in the space of polar coordinates the properties of Latin hypercubes. To model spatial and temporal data, Statistical Process Control is addressed by monitoring Kriging parameters, based on standard control charts. Furthermore, the monitored time – series contain outliers and structural changes, which cause bias in prediction and false alarms in risk management. These issues are simultaneously tackled with a robust and adaptive smoothing
Masmoudi, Oussama. "Optimisation de la planification des systèmes industriels en présence de contraintes énergétiques." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0031/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we deal with the production planning problem in a flow-shop system with energy consideration. The manufacturing system is composed of reliable machines separated by buffers with infinite capacities. The planning horizon is defined by a set of periods where each one is characterized by a length, an electricity price, a maximal allowed power and an external demand of each product. The purpose is to minimize the total production cost composed of electricity, inventory, set-up (or product series change) costs and a required power per period.In the first step, we propose mathematical models for a single item capacitated lot-sizing problem in a flow-shop system. Since this problem is known to be NP-hard, approximating methods are developed in order to provide solutions with good quality in a reasonable time (dedicated heuristics, Fix and Relax heuristic, genetic algorithm).In the second step, a generalization of the model for multi-items is considered. Similarly to the first case, approximating methods are proposed to solve this problem
Jia, Zhenzhen. "Planification décentralisée des activités de production et de transport : coordination par négociation." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14734/document.
Full textThe present work aims to study the coordination problems in the context of decentralized planning, based on the postulate that centralized management is not suitable regarding the confidentiality objectives of each partner of the same supply chain. More specifically, the aim of this work is to develop a negotiation protocol seeking to reach a “win-win” planning solution, i.e. the development of plans satisfying the producer (the customer of transportation service) while increasing profit of transport operators. The development methodology of this work contains two phases. The context of decentralized planning of activities of one producer and one transport operator is firstly studied. The main objective is to characterize the linear programming models and the key determinants to develop the coordination protocol and also to implement the simulation of both partners in order to identify the factors affecting the overall performance. The conducted experimentation in this context is based on the concept of the design of experiments. The problem is extended in a second phase to the coordination of several transport operators with one producer. In this new context, the problem of allocating transport load to different transport operators is integrated into the negotiation process. The complemented models and protocol are validated based on test cases
Pharpatara, Pawit. "Trajectory planning for aerial vehicles with constraints." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE001/document.
Full textThe focus of this PhD thesis is on the trajectory planning module as a part of autonomous aircraft system. Feasible trajectories for aircraft flying in environment cluttered by obstacles are studied. Since aircraft dynamics is complex, nonlinear and nonholonomic, trajectory planning for such systems is very difficult and challenging. Rapidly-exploring Random Tree or RRT path planner is used as a basis to find a feasible trajectory. The advantage of this algorithm is that it does not consider only the complete vehicle model but also the environment. Two algorithms are developed to find a feasible and optimal solution. The RRT algorithm combined with a preprocessing of the exploration space is used for a complete realistic model of the system. However, this approach does not consider any optimal criteria. In order to consider performance criteria, the RRT* algorithm is used based on a simplified model with the help of the artificial potential field as a heuristic to improve the convergence rate to the solution. The algorithms are simulated in an application of hypersonic aerial vehicles, for example, interceptor missiles flying in high altitude. This makes the aerodynamically controlled aircraft have less maneuverability since the air density decreases exponentially with altitude. 3D shortest paths are developed and used as a metric. A feasible and optimal trajectory is obtained efficiently. With this results, real-time constraints will be easier to verify if the algorithm is implemented on board the vehicle. In future work, replanning will be considered to improve the performance of the algorithm in case of dynamic environment or changes in the mission
Moad, Kamel. "Modélisation et optimisation multi-niveaux du transport forestier." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0101/document.
Full textThe present manuscript tackles the supply chain forest transportation problem in the context of forestry primary industry. In this context, several risks may affect the forest supply chain: the unpredictable weather conditions (tree falling provoked by major storms); sanitary emergencies (tree pest and diseases); and, diverse commercial circumstances (the variability of market demands). The aforementioned issues motivate the diverse forest sector protagonists (entrepreneurs, forest operators and drivers) to seek support for improving their logistic operations. The aim of this effort is to improve the service quality (offer-demand agreement) diminishing in this way the total costs. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is the proposal of a novel management model which improves forest-to-mill transport performance. At the same time, the proposed model accounts for the forest sector manners and constraints. The contribution of this thesis is threefold: first a transportation model is developed, later on the transport planning is managed, and finally an optimization procedure is proposed.The thesis results propose a hierarchical planning for the forestry transportation. Two decision levels are suggested: tactic and operational. At a tactic level, a multi-period optimization is considered. The multi-period optimization strategy meets the customer supply demands while minimizes the global transportation activity. Such strategy takes into account the restrictions of the total available transportation means. Moreover, at this level the activity balancing politics may be developed, as well as subcontractors coordination between transport companies. On the other hand, at the operational level, the tactic planning assigned for each transporter is divided so an optimization of the fleet’s transport assignation is done considering the vehicles constraints.The decision process is modelled as a Mixed Linear Programming formulation. The application considers a data set coming from the industry settled at the Aquitaine region in France. The results have shown a significant improvement on the transport capabilities with respect to the conventional transport practices.It is worth to mention that the decision models were designed such that they may be adapted to different context either collaborative or not. In both cases, the tactic planning has a generic purpose, in other words, it is independent of the kind of organization involved, whereas specific organizations are taken into account when planning actors’ activities at the operational level
Danvide, Tameon Benoit. "Gouvernance des politiques de planification urbaine et gestion des inondations à Cotonou (Bénin)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080149/document.
Full textThe practice of urban planning remains a key challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa cities since the urban land use is out of phase with the urbanistic standards. The analysis of the context of urban space production and occupation as well as of the consequences that result from an inconsistent urban planning allows us to draw a link between development problems and the risks of aggravating flood situations. The phenomenon is more than worrisome in Cotonou. The planning problems can be presented in terms of occupation of land that are unsuitable for habitat, of vulnerability of inhabited areas and of quality of wastewater facilities. The unhygienic conditions of the habitat and the sanitary situation of potentially flood-prone areas as well as the environment management are among the numerous challenges for cities councils, which are caused by the anarchic occupation of land, the gradual loss of control and regulation by the public hands.The proposals made by this research are related to the physical and climatological constraints and to the strategies for adaptation of the communities to floods. They include besides urban governance improving, urban sanitation and built environment management
Rebattet, Philippe. "Le conseil fiscal notarial en gestion de fortune : planification successorale et structuration patrimoniale." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES014/document.
Full textThe french notary has an essential function to advise families in the management of their heritage. He actes directly or indirectly for the files of tax optimization. For the high-net-worth individuals (HNWI) and the ultra high-net-worth individuals (UHNWI), his role can be determining in the construction of the plans of tax optimizations. We find the added-value of the French notary advise in its legal and tax skills The intervention of the French notary also extends in the international cases. The expertise of the French notary in private international law and in taxsystem international allows to accompany the cross-border family and international wealth structuring
Hadj, said Ahmed. "Intégration du stockage dans les méthodes de planification des réseaux électriques basse tension." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT004/document.
Full textThe opening up of energy markets and new uses have led to significant changes in distribution grids, in particular low-voltage grids. Notably, it has led to an augmentation in the integration of renewable energy production, an increase in the peak consumption, among others. This is accompanied by the appearance of the electrical constraints with which power systems must cope. This has resulted in the development multiple flexibility capabilities such as load/source management or energy storage, providing new solutions, now to be considered in planning methods. This thesis studies the issue of energy storage in the low-voltage grid planning. The first part of this thesis studies the impact of storage and photovoltaic production on variables involved in distribution grid planning. In the second part, a method for calculating the cost of losses is adapted to the presence of energy storage and/or PV production. Finally, advanced d operation algorithms are developed to illustrate the economic value of energy storage in LV distribution grid planning, compared to a more expensive conventional planning method
Hamdi, Faiza. "Optimisation et planification de l'approvisionnement en présence du risque de rupture des fournisseurs." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EMAC0002/document.
Full textTrade liberalization, the development of mean of transport and the development economic of emerging countries which lead to globalization of supply chain is irreversible phenomen. They can reduce costs, in return, they multiply the risk of disruption from upstream stage to downstream stage. In this thesis, we focus on the inbound supply chain stage. We treat more specifically the case of a purchasing central to select suppliers and allocate the orders. Each of the suppliers cannot deliver its orders due to internal reasons (poor quality problems) or external reasons (natural disasters, transport problems). According to the selected suppliers deliver their orders or not, the transaction operation will generate a profit or loss. The objective of this thesis is to provide decision support tools to a decision maker faced with this problem by taking into account the behavior of decision maker toward risk. We proposed stochastic mixed integer linear programs to model this problem. In the first part, we focuses on the development of a decision support visual tool that allows a decision maker to find a compromise between maximizing the expected profit and minimize the risk of loss. In the second part, we integrated the techniques of estimation of risk VaR and CVaR in this problem. The objective is to help decision maker to minimize the expected cost and minimize the conditional value at risk simultanously via calculating of VaR. Result shows that the decision maker must tack into account the different scenarios of disruption regardless their probability of realisation
Kande, Sona. "Etude et résolution de problèmes de planification dans des réseaux logistiques multi-échelons." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0015/document.
Full textThis work presents a planning problem in a distribution network incorporating two levels inventory management of perishable products, lot-sizing, multi-sourcing and transport capacity with a homogeneous fleet of vehicles. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) a greedy heuristic and a reactive randomized heuristic are developed to solve this real planning problem. There are some instances for which the solver CPLEX cannot give a good upper bound within the limited time and for other instances it takes a lot of time to solve MILP. The heuristics are alternatives to the mixed integer linear program to quickly solve some large instances taking into account original and difficult constraints. For some instances the gap between the solutions of the solver (MILP) and the heuristics becomes quite significant. The variable neighborhood descent (VND), the iterated local search (ILS) and the multi-start iterated local search (MS-ILS) are implemented. These methods are included in an APS (Advanced Planning System) and compared with a MILP solver. The instances are derived from actual data or built using a random generator of instances to have wider diversity for computational evaluation. A lagrangian relaxation is developed to compare the solutions of the instances, for which CPLEX cannot give a good upper bound within the limited time, with the other methods (greedy heuristic, VND, ILS and MS-ILS). A lagrangian heuristic is proposed; the solution of lagrangian relaxation is used to build a feasible solution with a repair heuristic