Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Planification du développement'
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Ateme-Nguema, Barthélemy H. "Développement d'un module de planification intégrée optimisée." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3045/1/000096697.pdf.
Full textHoudayer, Patrice. "Stratégie internationale en recherche-développement." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100152.
Full textSchmidt, Alain. "Enjeux et formes du développement d'une stratégie d'alliances." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32056.
Full textOur research is concerned with the stakes and forms of the development of an alliance-based strategy. The aim is clearly to assess an overall coherence in the diversity of alliances strategic management, notwithstanding the dynamics of each particular alliance. Stemming from the limits of the traditional approach to strategic alliances, the analysis centres on the management of a portfolio of alliances, stressing the link with corporate strategy. This allows for a greater understanding of the way in which the firm may create and monitor new competitive combinations. The literature review insists on the necessity of a multidimensional management of alliances and provides different classes of typology, all based on the related issues of cooperation and competition, so as to distinguish between the four roles of value creation and articulate them according to strategic goals. The study offers a new representation of an alliance-based strategy, based on the portfolio analysis as well as a declination of the research propositions to account for the gains or losses in the firm's autonomy. Nearly 50 interviewed executive managers brought their vision and their experience of alliances, dealing with such different sectors as energy, chemical, automobile, defence, and telecommunication. In most case, studies confront the evolution of each alliance and their interaction with the strategy of the different partners. This explorative approach shows that long-term competitivity acquired thanks to the development of an alliance-based strategy, cannot be solely measured by the "good management" of the alliances; i. E. In its narrow sense the control of ex ante objectives. The main factor seems to be the opportunities of value creation that are slowly emerging. Thus, a set of portfolio is developed in order to fit the need of differentiated management of alliances, while maintaining an overall coherence for the system. A few case studies are further provided in order to gain a thorough understanding of the specific dynamics of a strategy of alliances and the features of different competitive forms thereof
Saleh, Abdullah Sultan. "Problématique de développement et planification au Yémen du nord." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0009.
Full textPeyrefitte, Marilyne. "Développement régional et planification décentralisée : les contrats de plan état-région une démarche de développement intégré ?" Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D022.
Full textWhat use is planning when everything is uncertain ? aim for an ideal and understand what is real. These two indroductory sentences area global summary of the general analytical in which this research an the state - region plan contracts ( instituted in july 1982 ) is situated. Using different documents that had been drawn up andour own financial analysis carried out in 1985, this study has tried to characterise these contracts as carrying out the main principles of decentralised planning ( integration - autonomy ) and as vectors of a managerial concept of area development. In fact, this new practice could not be justified as independent from new logics brought about by a new economic and political situation. In order todo this, the main thread of this thesis is based on three conceptual points : driwing force - planning - development. These plan contracts cristallise a planning which is both pragmatic and inciting thereby formalizing amobilizing and participatory means of implementation which could nevertheless be perfected. Their original vocation was of teaching concerted action yet the real vocation was that of the driwing force behind "contractualis'action" because of a constraining financial logic. The future stake therefore seems to be one of realising a true strategy of co- development, presented at the end of our analysis as an anticipated vocation. This thesis asks questions about the relevance of a plan as well as about the coherence or malfunction between the theory and the practice. It questions the balance or the imbalance between an approach toa planned project and an im- plement for effective programming
Kazemi, Wyssari Abdolkarim. "La planification du développement des industries industrialisantes (le cas de l'Iran)." Lyon 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO22011.
Full textOur study aims at showing that anindustrialing industry can be chosen and developped in a developing country such as iran. To achieve this our first stage was the study of the environment of Iranian economy where the project is to be carried out. The second stage of our study deals with the structure of heavy industry. Among the different methods which may help us to know about the structure of an industry. L's table struck us as most appropriate. Thanks to such a table, we could work out the relational structure of heavy industry. The third stage of our study concerns the working out of a program and its figures. The basic rule of economics with which we complied was the necessity of a sensible use of the available goods and riches. Considering the present and future difficult circunstances of iranian economy, we thovgts no new investments needed to be made in order to carry out the project and that the existing production potential shovld be thordugly used
Aouragh, Lhaocine. "L'Intégration du facteur démographique dans la planification du développement en Algérie." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0063.
Full textFor a few years, the demographic growing of the algerian population, which in the context of an economic criss became of the rareness of the wags of the satisfying the needs, spontaneously assessed to be an obstacle to the rise of the stadart of living, has became part of the political priorities of the country. Ever since, the state has done its best to reduce the fertility rate. Overing to the inerty of the demographic phenomena, it would be a total illusion to side with the reduction of the mortality rate, even if the happened to be confirmed in the future, it would lower the change of the population on the efforts on the economic development. This would be nothing but igoring the automatic effects of the changes occuring in the structures. Besides, we can't offered to forget about the consequences which would certainly entail a decrease of the natality rate of the population. The industrial options, the reglection of the agricultural development, the repartition of the investments, a bad planification, according to us, just as many factors which explain the feeble results of the production and, therefore, the economic crisis. Finally we will understand that it is wrong to assert that the situation in which algeria find itself, is due to an uncontrolled demographic increase or of an imporpriate orientation of the nothing but the effort of the development. These two elements were linked and entail difficulties which can be considered as part of the crisis
Attik, Yassine. "Plateforme logicielle ouverte pour le développement d'algorithmes de planification des opérations." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30945.
Full textCombinatorial optimization concerns the solving of problems for which the variables take discrete values and on which constraints apply. The set of variables and constraints form the model of the problem. A lot of industrial problems can be represented in this form. A solver is a software that takes as input a model and produces a solution. Constraint programming (CP) is one of the algorithmic techniques that can be used within a solver. In this master’s thesis, we develop a new solver. The primary objective is to rely on an easily modifiable solver in order to add new resolution approaches developed by researchers. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the utility of the solver, we develop an approach using that solver in order to generate alternative loading patterns for a kiln in the forest industry. Finally, in this master’s thesis, we present a new technique for solving some CP problems. The filtering algorithms are triggered according to events that occur when solving the problem. We propose a new event that allows to perform a lazy filtering of the variables. We demonstrate, on a classical combinatorial optimization problem (Balanced Incomplete Block Design), that it gives a better performance while maintaining the same level of filtering when compared with classical events.
Jiang, Zhengkun. "Développement et implémentation d’une stratégie systématique de développement de modèle se basant sur la planification optimale d’expériences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0349.
Full textAdequate and accurate models describing quantitatively the syntheses of fine and pharmaceutical chemicals are essential to optimize the performances of chemical processes. However, it is difficult, time consuming and experimentally expensive to develop such models. Appropriate, efficient and systematic strategies for model development are therefore required. In this context, the aims of this work consist in methodological development, numerical implementation and experimental validation of a systematic model-development strategy. In the first stage of this work, a methodologically systematic model-development strategy, consisting of initial data acquisition, model development, model identification, model validation and model refining modules, is developed. In the initial data acquisition module, preliminary experiments are designed and performed to provide the basic information for the initial model development. Module development module is composed of three steps: model structure development, model structure analysis and model parameter development. Model structure development is based on the reaction network proposed within the reaction supernetwork containing all feasible chemical reactions and mass transfers. For model identification, validation and refining, the model-based experimental design is performed by taking into consideration several reactors, which enlarges the explored experimental windows. In the second stage of this work, in order to facilitate the application of the strategy, a software, integrating model parameter estimation, model evaluation, model-based experimental design for model refining and performance optimization, is developed using MATLAB R2014a. The initial version of the software is suitable for the liquid-phase reaction systems, 4 ideal reactors are taken into consideration: batch stirred-tank reactor, semi-batch stirred-tank reactor, continuous stirred-tank reactor and continuous tubular reactor. In the third stage of this work, the feasibilities and generalities of the developed strategy and strategy-based software are demonstrated with two experimental case studies, relating to the valorization of sunflower oil, namely, NaOH-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil and epoxidation of sunflower oil by performic acid generated in situ
Chevalier, Bernard. "Planification par projet et organisation territoriale. Initiatives locales : une démarche de développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32022.
Full textThis study, based on several practical experiments, which have been carried out as well in france (provence) as in developping countries (senegal - casamance) is supposed to test the validity and feasability of decentralised planning. The project management, in connection with local initiatives, is in fact an intentionally selective approach, centered on a specific problem, and organized around a concrete project of which the ends are not set in advance. Adapting to a stratified territorial organization, the project management involves at different organizational levels the different territorial strata. This way, the project management promotes a connection between the fonctionnal and the territorial planning. Depending on a collective learning-process, the project management is therefore a superior form of organization creating new forms of partnership
Al, Khemeiri Majed Khamis. "Planification stratégique et développement durable : quel futur pour les Émirats Arabes Unis ?" Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL087.
Full textIn 2013, the economy of the United Arab Emirates is still far to be entirely dependent from the exploitation of hydrocarbons. The thesis proposes to study, in the global context, the development of the emirates economy, the methods of elaboration and implementation of this sustainable development policy, which appears indispensable for the pursuit of growth. On the other hand, the environmental conditions of these urban Gulf societies, established on fragile coastlines or in desert territories, make it necessary to respect natural balances whose destruction could render harmful the pursuit of development. In addition, the exploitation of hydrocarbon reserves must now support the diversification of the economy by promoting economic sectors to transform energy into marketing products. The issue tackled by the research focuses on the context in which, within the societies of the various emirates that constitute the federation, the conditions for the establishment of sustainable development can be created. It is about questioning the forces that can support sustainable development policies and support the investments needed to achieve this ambition. The work will consist in proposing an analysis of the current economic dynamics, the differences between the various emirates and the different sectors in each emirate, and to study the perspectives for the realization of the sustainable development policies as they are projected today in the strategic, general or sectorial planning documents
Bartoli, Annie, and Philippe Hermel. "Le développement de l'entreprise : nouvelles conceptions et pratiques." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10030.
Full textBartoli, Annie, and Philippe Hermel. "Le développement de l'entreprise : nouvelles conceptions et pratiques." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D030.
Full textBoullet, Vanessa. "La planification en Irlande (1958-72). Méthodologies et mythologie de la modernisation économique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100109.
Full textThis thesis puts forward an economic, social and political study of the strategies adopted for the modernisation of the Irish economy between 1958 and 1972. The aim is to show that while planning contributed to the country's economic revival – thus paving the way for the “Celtic Tiger” – this success was less a clearly demonstrable result of the actual proposals or methods outlined in the programmes than it was the effect of the change in attitude which the “myth” of economic modernisation managed to breathe into the depressive Ireland of the period. In the 1950s, the Irish came to realise that de Valera’s nationalism was no longer suited to the situation. In 1958, Whitaker and Lemass drew up the Programme for Economic Expansion. This initiative fostered an environment in which private initiative and state management combined, so that development was catalysed by public capital, foreign investment and exports. Ireland in 1972 was barely recognisable. Although unemployment remained high, the problem of emigration had largely been resolved and production was rising rapidly. Planning had succeeded in steering the country’s fairly smooth transition from protectionism to free-trade without any major crisis. This in itself constitutes a success, to the extent that planning thus took on the status of a national myth. Nevertheless the successive economic plans are not the deus ex machina that some would like them to be. The PEE for instance, is often praised for having sparked off an economic upturn for which it may have played no role. Such a hypothesis qualifies – without however denying – our assessment of the actual success of Ireland's successive economic programmes
Cullmann, Sabine. "Le rôle de la planification des communications pour le développement de produits nouveaux." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100093.
Full textThe present work has twofold objective. The first is to identify the difference between a "process" and a "project" and to analyze the effect of a dynamic planning of communication on a "process" and a "project". As a second objective, it evaluates the consequences of this kind of planning in the context of new product development and particularly development time reduction. Research hypotheses and a theoretical model are formulated. They are based on a concept of dynamic and living planning and managing of unpredictable events in product development projects. Both the hypotheses and the model are tested and confirmed by 6000 simulation runs and six case studies. Benefit evaluation confirms the essential impact of process as a project guide and as a learning structure, and of dynamic and living communication planning. As a result, development time is reduced and product quality is improved through the impact of process planning and living planning, whereas development cost savings are essentially possible by using the living planning concept
Touré, Mamoutou. "Planification et développement régional en Côte d'Ivoire : le Nord ivoirien, une région marginalisée." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3023.
Full textIncluding in a national economy exporting in base and more concentrated on southern forestery arboriculture, North of Ivory Coast could not developed his potentiality. Correctives policies applied since the independance have allowed to make up lost time in part. Nowadays, the North is well secure from Ivory Cost economy and People of the North have renforced their implantation in various economics sectors in forest areas. If the contemporany development of northerns savannahs is marked by the relative sucess, since the end of 1970 years, the interventionist state is confrontated to an accused recession which seriously limit his capacities of national and regional development, and redistribution. Agriculture is touched by the structural fall of international Price and the state regulations implode because of the IFM (International Monetary Fund) requirements, and privates businessmen. December 24th, 1999 Coup and September 2002 rebellion are probably revealing the crisis model. The actual politic debate is without any risk for the laters evolutions. If the controversies participate in a democratic debate about how to find a new national project, they underline too the danger of political excess which stronghly weaken the national cohesion by probably making a stop to the development of the North of Ivory Coast
Kanellaki-Agathos, Sophie. "Planification et organisation d'action chez l'enfant : /." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080868.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the planing and the organisation of the action that children of 3 to 7 years old, use to solve two types of problems : a) the ones called and b) complexed problems. The material used was that of the hanoi tower and its various versions. The study of the simulation of the individual protocols gave us the chance of testing a model cognitive fonctioning of the solving, based on the notion of constraint. Our results show that : 1) the model proposed by us is valid ; 2) children can plan their actions in the problems called ; 3) the planing is difficult in the hanoi tower problem given that there are particular constraintes on the displacement ; 4) in the case that the constraint of the size does not exist anoymore (version of the hanoi tower problem) the organisation of the action is more easy to make
Norbier, Dominique. "Le Processus innovatif et son développement." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0074.
Full textThis work's aim is the analysis of the innovative process and its developpment. The former is defined as a cumulative, sequential and specific process. The latter is seen as a combination of the product and process life cycle stages. In a competitive market structure, the firm takes into account the presence of rivalry when developping its innovative process. In order to analyse this effect we study the two innovation incentives : the profit-incentive ( difference between the profit before and after innovation) and the competitive threat (difference between the profit of first and second inovator). When the first one is greater, the result is a waiting game (neither firm wants to innovate first) ; When the second one prevails, the result is a race (each firm wants to innovate first)
Malam, Maman Nafiou. "Crises économiques et système d'enseignement primaire au Niger : cas de la double vacation dans la communauté urbaine de Niamey." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10247.
Full textThe research for an adequate educational policy arises with acuteness in developing countries. Most of these countries, dealing the eighties economic crisis and a high population growth rate, are confronted with high demands of schooling. Every country tries to go out by adopting on effective policy that would allow enroling maximum pupils' in slightest costs. Niger like several countries under structural adjustment programs applies double-shift in urban area
Marqué, Gwen. "Développement d’une planification équitable des soins pour lutter contre les inégalités territoriales : l’expérience française." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12007/document.
Full textThe health of the French population is among the best in the world. However, inequalities characterize our health system. The latest amendments to the health care system may increase. Thus, DGRs, new pricing method should be associated with a control system. For this, the RAWP model provides useful analytic grid. First, at the local level, an experiment needs analysis, use and provision of care for a population of a territory allows us to show that we can detect problems of access care and reorganize supply. Experience from 2006 to 2011 the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region offers a first approach to target setting activities as needed, but the volume of care increases. Second, support for the development of a national approach to the volume control regions of France based on a comparative analysis of healthcare consumption adjusted by age and sex-adjusted mortality is one of the results of this thesis. This helped to develop a systemic model of regulation of national, regional and local care.Finally, to open the discussion to the level of health territories, a typology of health territories of France was carried from the main factors in the model (health status, use and provision of care) and socioeconomic factors the population, and those related to the care pathway. The analysis shows that there are three types of areas of health and therefore to adapt the control strategy: "Attractive-overproducing", "all healing" and "sub-dependent consumers."
Benhassen, Lobna. "Politiques éducatives, croissance économique et inégalités : étude dans le cadre de modèles à générations imbriquées." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24020.
Full textVan, der Yeught Corinne. "Les incidences du développement durable sur le management stratégique des destinations touristiques : une approche par les ressources et les compétences." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0037.
Full textTourist destinations are facing an increasingly competitive environment and in growing numbers they implement sustainable development strategies. This doctoral dissertation aims at explaining the reasons why they do so, and clarifying how sustainable development strategies may encourage the emergence of a sustainable competitive advantage in tourist destinations. To address these issues, the theoretical approach resorts to the competence and resource movement and on governance theories. The research proceeds through three distinct stages. First, it generates a methodology to design a sustainable strategic diagnosis of tourist destinations. The methodology is based on an original typology of the destinations’ strategic resources. Then, the research complements this approach by identifying the dynamic processes whereby core competences may be created in a sustainable tourism perspective. Finally, the research opens the governance “black box” of tourist destinations in order to analyze the decision making mechanisms typical of these heterogeneous organizations and to expose the learning capabilities that they generate. The set of theoretical proposals that follows the review of literature is then put to the test through three case studies and improved. The results show that under certain conditions the concepts of sustainability and durability are mutually reinforcing and these conditions are identified
Hafez, Hisham Mahmoud. "La coordination urbaine dans les villes nouvelles d'Egypte : Gestion du développement urbain et planification urbaine." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070002.
Full textNew cities are one of the means to reach development. The Egyptian government has adopted it since the 70s to reply to the different demographic problems, urban and economic. Today, 24 years after the creation of the first new city and the foundation of 18 new cities, many objectives are not finished and several problems persist in new cities. Through the analysis of the existent situation, oe finds that the process adopted by the ministry of the construction in the new city planning cannot insure a real development. The analysis of the different experiences in the framework of new cities allows to determine some elements that can guarantee the success of development in new cities, among the most important, we can quote administrative factors. The evaluation of the process adopted in Egypt shows that it does not include administrative aspects and concentrate on urban aspects. For this reason, our research proposes a new process based on the integration between the administration and the urban planning. It adopts management of the urban development as an approach of the urban planning of new cities that can comprise the different administrative, urban, social, economic, political, environmental aspects. .
Montagne, Clémence. "Développement urbain et planification urbaine à Abu Dhabi et à Dubaï. Politiques, acteurs et mobilité." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040152.
Full textThis dissertation aims at setting the first bases for a research on public transport in the Arab Gulf. Abu Dhabi and Dubai are two cities facing new challenges to sustain their urban developments, wishing to stay at the cutting edge of the race for the urban innovation in the Middle East. Both are engaged in diversification plans of their urban economy to sustain their development, labelled differently for both cities (Smartest City, Masdar City). We are reviewing planning measures taken to adapt these urban territory having known a spectacular growth since the 1990s which became significant on the global scale since the 2000s. Meanwhile, and almost consecutively a large modernization plans of public transport networks have been implemented in Abu Dhabi (DoT Bus) and in Dubai (Dubai Bus, Dubai Metro, Dubai Tram). Has the city making of both cities adapted to the new conditions due to the new policies and transit network? Has the new public transport infrastructure development in the induced a renewal of the city making processes? How has the city making process and regulation adapted to the new transit network? Few surveys and mostly qualitative interview of institutional actors in the several agencies that represent the operational and legal urbanism have been a tool added to the analysis of urban policies, the study of urban projects and actors strategy involved in urban development. We aim at putting into perspective the public transport policies, the official discourses and the urban sustainable planning, with the actual developments. We will study also the way the public transit networks is used to understand to which extent it fits the urban daily mobility requirements of Dubai and Abu Dhabi
DRAME, ALIOU. "Système de santé et ajustement structurel dans les pays en développement : cas du Sénégal." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100031.
Full textJamen, Robert. "Gestion stratégique de la recherche et développement dans les groupes industriels pharmaceutiques." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE013.
Full textThe research and development of a new drug is more and more costly, about 250 millions today. This expensive cost cannot be recouped only by selling new drugs worlwide. Our aim was to build a model of the strategic management of pharmaceutical research and development. The main conclusions follow. 1. Strategic management of research. Pharmaceutical research is based today on the elucidation of biological mechanisms. Close links with fundamental research are therefore a necessity. Speed is a major constraint in research, and pharmaceutical companies must focus on a smaller number of research directions, in order to dispose of a critical mass per therapeutic area. 2. Strategic management of development. Speed and globalization are the two main constraints for drug development. Companies which are not established worldwide must look for strategic alliances in order to compensate for this lack of geographical coverage. 3. Strategic management of the drug portfolio
Villecroix, Pascal. "Le mal-développement du tourisme en Haïti : une étude de géographie humaine." Bordeaux 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR30055.
Full textAmalric, Joël. "Contribution à l'étude de la planification de mission spatiale : développement du système expert SERVO pour la planification des missions de rendez-vous de l'avion spatial Hermès." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT050H.
Full textEhlinger, Sylvie. "Interaction et développement de représentations organisationnelles lors du processus de formation de la stratégie au sein d'organisations multidivisionnelles." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090008.
Full textPierre, Bruno. "Les bassins de naissance en Basse-Normandie : analyse et développement d'un nouvel outil de planification sanitaire." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3087.
Full textCimon-Morin, Jérôme, and Jérôme Cimon-Morin. "Développement d'une approche de planification systématique de la conservation des milieux humides intégrant les services écologiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25763.
Full textGlobalement, le statut de la plupart des services écologiques (SE) est jugé préoccupant. Des actions de conservation permettraient de maintenir l’apport de certains SE à des emplacements cruciaux pour le maintien du bien-être humain. Néanmoins, comparée aux approches de conservation traditionnelles, la conservation des SE requiert des considérations particulières afin de capter le lien spatial qui unit les flux de services à leurs bénéficiaires. Or, ces connaissances demeurent fragmentaires. Cette thèse s’insère donc dans ce contexte et tente de répondre à trois questions principales, soit : (1) comment considérer le lien spatial entre les flux de SE et leurs bénéficiaires lors de la sélection des réserves?; (2) comment peut-on aligner la conservation de la biodiversité à celle des SE le plus efficacement possible?; et (3) quelles sont les conséquences de retarder la mise en œuvre des actions de conservation sur l’atteinte des objectifs? Nous avons d’abord montré que lorsque la demande pour les services à échelle locale était directement intégrée dans les procédés de planification systématique de la conservation, cela favorisait la sélection de sites qui étaient jusqu’à trois fois plus efficaces pour combler la demande des bénéficiaires par rapport à des approches qui ne ciblaient que l’apport des services uniquement. Cette nouvelle approche permet donc de concentrer les efforts de conservation aux endroits où les ressources investies contribueront le plus au bien-être humain. Ensuite, en utilisant cette dernière approche conjointement avec des cibles de biodiversité par l’entremise d’approche de sélection basée sur la complémentarité des sites, nous avons montré qu’il était possible d’atteindre toutes les cibles de conservation pour seulement 6 % de superficie supplémentaire à protéger. Lorsque l’atteinte de toutes les cibles de conservation est désirée, miser sur la congruence spatiale entre la biodiversité et les SE était de deux à cinq fois moins efficace que l’utilisation d’une approche basée sur la complémentarité entre les sites. Finalement, dans un contexte d’augmentation des pressions provenant des activités industrielles, nous avons évalué les effets du retard dans la mise en œuvre de la conservation sur le coût de remplacement des réseaux de conservation. Nous avons montré que ce coût peut s’élever jusqu’à 15 % lorsque la conservation est effectuée après le début du développement.
The current global status of most ecosystem services (ES) is precarious. Conservation actions could help secure their provision in locations deemed critical for the maintenance of human well-being. However, compared to traditional conservation planning approaches, ES conservation requires particular considerations to capture the spatial link between human beneficiaries and services flows; this knowledge is still fragmentary. This thesis examines one such context and tries to answer the following three main research questions: (1) How do we identify important sites for ES conservation? (2) How do we best align biodiversity and ES conservation? (3) What are the consequences of the delayed implementation of ES conservation actions? We first showed that considering demand in systematic conservation planning procedures fostered the selection of sites that may be up to three times more efficient in fulfilling beneficiary demand. This approach enables conservation efforts to focus on locations where resource investment will yield the greatest return for human well-being. Then, using this novel approach simultaneously with wetland biodiversity features within a complementary based selection procedure, we showed that it was possible to achieve all biodiversity and ES targets for only six percent of the additional area to be protected. When all conservation targets are sought to be a attained, counting on the spatial congruence between biodiversity and ES may be two to five times less efficient than using a complementarity based approach. Finally, in a context of increasing pressures from industrial development, we assessed the role of timing where the implementation of ES conservation actions is concerned on the replacement cost of the resultant networks. We showed that a slight increase in the percentage of the study area subjected to development can raise the replacement cost of conservation networks of up to fifteen percent.
The current global status of most ecosystem services (ES) is precarious. Conservation actions could help secure their provision in locations deemed critical for the maintenance of human well-being. However, compared to traditional conservation planning approaches, ES conservation requires particular considerations to capture the spatial link between human beneficiaries and services flows; this knowledge is still fragmentary. This thesis examines one such context and tries to answer the following three main research questions: (1) How do we identify important sites for ES conservation? (2) How do we best align biodiversity and ES conservation? (3) What are the consequences of the delayed implementation of ES conservation actions? We first showed that considering demand in systematic conservation planning procedures fostered the selection of sites that may be up to three times more efficient in fulfilling beneficiary demand. This approach enables conservation efforts to focus on locations where resource investment will yield the greatest return for human well-being. Then, using this novel approach simultaneously with wetland biodiversity features within a complementary based selection procedure, we showed that it was possible to achieve all biodiversity and ES targets for only six percent of the additional area to be protected. When all conservation targets are sought to be a attained, counting on the spatial congruence between biodiversity and ES may be two to five times less efficient than using a complementarity based approach. Finally, in a context of increasing pressures from industrial development, we assessed the role of timing where the implementation of ES conservation actions is concerned on the replacement cost of the resultant networks. We showed that a slight increase in the percentage of the study area subjected to development can raise the replacement cost of conservation networks of up to fifteen percent.
Dubus, Nathalie. "Développement d'un système expert dans le processus de planification des ressources en eau au Burkina Faso." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE19041.
Full textThe expert system "Baobab" is developped for decision-making in water-resources planning in Burkina Faso. The dfevelopment of this system requires a transfer of knowledge from man to engine, which can't be realized without special attention to the constructive process and knowledge acquisition method. This realization allowed us to study some of the advantages and disadvantages in using knowledge-based systems to solve problems in geography. Different branches are studied during this research : the geographical branch, with water-resources management and planning problems in the rural sector of Burkina Faso. Computer science, by practice of knowledge-based system technique. The methodological branch, with effective realization of prototype "Baobab". The epistemological branch, by evaluating interest of using knowledge-based system as a new tool for geography
Denis, Jean-Philippe. "Conception d'un système de controle du développement du groupe : architecture et principes ingénieriques." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO33027.
Full textClerc, Xavier. "Planification dans un espace de buts par stratégie de type meilleur d'abord." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0059.
Full textMost of distributed planning systems are based on models which were developped for centralized planning. These models have then been adapted to distribution and its specific contraints. Our goal is at the opposite to design a planning model that considers these constraints as premises. We have developped a planning model that uses a best-first search (as an adaptation of the proof-number search algorithm). We have applied this model to planning over task structures (from multiagent notations) as well as to HTN planning. Ln this latter case, we have shown how a best-first search allows the planner to rapidly gather constraints that can prune branches from the search space. We have also defined plan robustness in order to mitigate the consequences of an agent failure or a resource unavailability
Debourdeau, Ariane. "Prendre en compte l'environnement dans la sphère du produire : normalisation par les dispositifs socio-techniques en réseau et formes d’engagement environnemental." La Rochelle, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818915.
Full textThis research deals with standardization through different sociotechnical agencements and with the normalization and the regulation of environmental discourses and practices within the sphere of producing (Jonas). It concerns more specifically the firms and their environmental and sustainable development’s politics (management systems, reporting, labelization, a. S. O. ). This dissertation describes finely the concerned networks, and especially mediations provided by a multitude of texts, written and conveyed by heterogeneous actors. This “architexture” is translated into the firm’s environmental practices – a translation corresponding to the new networks’ extensions. Our methodological point of view is ethnographic; accounting for three different kinds of companies environmental politics. We wanted to understand if and how environment can contribute to a politicization of the Sphere of production, to question the instruments serving as a proof of the firm’s commitment to the environment. This research focuses on hybrid forms of environmental public policies, on the development of compromises between rationality economic (economic rationality), scientific and technical innovation and (the) construction of indicator in order to make the environment quantifiable and measurable. This study supposed a large “technical enquiry”, which dealt with statistics on one hand, and technical objects’ way of living on the other hand. The co-production of markets and environment(s) appeared finally as a pragmatic of the “less evil”, which left minimal compromise as for the possibility of an ecological ethics of the Sphere of producing
Favre-Bonté, Véronique. "Manoeuvres stratégiques internationales de développement et caractère global ou multidomestique de l'activité." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21028.
Full textOuld, Bellamech Ahmed Mahmoud. "Décentralisation et développement communal en Mauritanie." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020128.
Full textDesjardins, Xavier. "Gouverner la ville diffuse : la planification territoriale à l'épreuve." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00250015.
Full textL'étude analyse les causes de cette renaissance inattendue de la planification et analyse les processus dans les trois villes moyennes de Caen, Dijon et Montpellier.
Cette recherche aboutit à deux conclusions :
- l'intercommunalité ne conduit pas simplement à une amélioration de la gestion des affaires communales, elle participe de l'émergence d'un nouveau système territorial. Les structures intercommunales sont les lieux d'adaptation aux particularités locales des normes définies à l'échelle nationale ;
- la mise en œuvre des SCOT peut s'appuyer sur une mutation culturelle dans l'approche de la ville à la faveur de la diffusion du thème du « développement durable ». Toutefois, l'objectif de ville compacte est loin d'être encore atteint en raison d'une insuffisante prise en compte de l'importance de l'automobile. Par ailleurs, les dynamiques consensuelles qui président à l'élaboration des SCOT ne sont pas toujours compatibles avec la recherche de l'efficacité de la planification.
Zeghloul, Saïd. "Développement d'un système de cao-robotique intégrant la planification de tâches et la synthèse de sites robotisés." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2004.
Full textChedid, Rita. "La Planification Spatiale Stratégique : outil de développement territorial équilibré et de décongestion de l'aire métropolitaine de Beyrouth." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2067.
Full textThe globalization combined to the concentration of opportunities, services, cultural and command functions within urban areas enhances their residential attractivity. The phenomenon results in metropolization process imposing new configurations and practices of the space. Failing to cope with the rapid urban transformation through adequate planning responses disrupts territorial structures while generating territorial malfunctions. Against this background, the thesis examines the metropolization process in Beirut, within in a context marked by inadequate planning practices. The gap between metropolitan phenomenon and planning responses is reflected in a set of territorial malfunctions. At the metropolitan area level, unrest is manifested by the congestion of the capital, its inner-suburbs and its entrances. At the national level, territorial imbalances oppose the metropolitan area to the rest of the country and the central metropolitan areas and their outskirts to the rest of the metropolis. To understand the complexity of the problem, the research develops a theoretical framework around two essential explanatory variables: the metropolization process and planning practices. Based on the critical realism paradigm and mixed research methods, the research methodology explores metropolization dynamics in Beirut while questioning planning practices. At the end, the thesis develops new understanding regarding the implications of the gap between metropolization process and planning responses while indicating measures for mitigating the two territorial malfunctions
Far-Hat, El Hassan. "Le développement décentralisé au Maroc : dynamique spatiale et planification régionale : le cas de la région Chaouia-Ourdigha." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30003.
Full textThe crisis is not only economical, it is also an institutional crisis. The main gool of Moroccan State was to garanty a social and economical development and to maintain its antority on the whole national territory. In fact because of its importance, the central government has reduce the power of local authorites in the realisation of a non centralised development. Taking advantage of its dominant position, the state planication tave the spatial geography without taking care of local problems this is why we can see so much social and economical differences between a useful Morocco and another that is useless. The territorial is now trying to get along with local developement demands this, the "provincialisation" as the "régionalisation" have not succeded in reaching tis last goal that is why local and regional development can be an alternative that could allowed locals authorities to work more on this new way our work is now divided ou two parts, the first step is trying to explain the political, economical and social issued from provincialisation and the regionalisation of 1971. It is through those serls failures. The region of Chaouia-Ourdigha stand up. On the second part we are trying to stand study the geographical dynamics that is merging from the new organisation of the social and economical development at the level of Chaouia-Ourdigha. This why we will study first the economical and geographical space of the région of Chaouia-Ourdigha and after we will deal with the urban system. We will and our study by proposing a strategy of amenagement and development, and by showing the urban, rural and economical dynamics through several hypothesis
Carle, André. "La planification dans la PME : (secteur détail) : une étude en fonction du stade de développement de l'entreprise." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1993. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5326/1/000605181.pdf.
Full textBoubenider, Mohamed Yazid. "Système interactif d'aide à la planification de projets logiciels : une application de la theorie de la decision." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ESAE0016.
Full textAbbas, Saad. "L'intervention de l'Etat dans le développement économique et industriel en Irak depuis 1958." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL12006.
Full textThrough an analysis of iraq's socioeconomic and political history, the study has been describing the place of state in the process of general development. The modality of state intervention and the effects of the latter represent the main theme which is expanded over the essential period stretching from 1958 to nowadays. The extensiveness of the mutation experienced by the state apparatus from 1968 set off the adoption of a socioeconomic long term strategy of development. It was part of a context which had a socialist orientation and which alloted the vanguard position to the public industrial sector. The state assumed several roles: its role of promoter and protector state, its role of reformer state, and its role of programmer state. The state also encouraged the private initiative, for a complementarity between the private sector and the public one, to enable the integration of the economy to the war. Finally the mechanism of a "peripheral" economy can only escape from its frailty through the engagement of state in a gradual step, aiming at stimulating the internal dynamism, through a coordination between the latter and the space of development
Bakour, Chafik. "Régionalisation et développement socio-économique au Maroc." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0011.
Full textA socio-economic analysis of the developpment and regionalization in Morocco is the subject of our research. This question is of creating gravitationnal development poles of investiments in varied enough field coevring the infrastructure, industry and agriculture. Within this framework, the pole of Casablanca is the Moroccan desert wich is monopolized of ail the economic activity of the country; reason for wich it is necessaray to instigate the pole of Fez with an aim of developing the whole of own territory
Bocquet, Anne-Marie. "Les stratégies environnementales dans le secteur agroalimentaire : vers des stratégies écologiquement durables partenariales." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAML046.
Full textTopic of interest : The influence of natural environment in managerial strategies is widely studied, but authors mainly focus on environmental issues and not enough on practices. Sustainable development is a main reference to analyse and describe environmental strategies but because it is an ambivalent and wide-ranging notion, it is difficult to define in concrete terms what it means within the firms. Thesis : Implementing sustainable development implies the involvement of the firm's partners in the food supply-chain, in ways which depend on what the company perceives as responsibility issues. Main goals : This research is intended to analyse sustainable strategies in the food supply-chain, that is to identify models of implementation, and establish a link with environmental issues. This research is based on a framework which identifies three stages of environmental strategies (prevention of pollution, product stewardship, sustainable strategies) linked to environmental issues. Method : This research analyses five cases of sustainable strategies in the food supply-chain, in France and Switzerland : BIOLAIT, ALPINA SAVOIE, CARREFOUR, COOP and MIGROS. A qualitative analysis has been conducted, through internal and external documents, direct observation and interviews dealing with environmental strategy, its implementation and the environmental issues. Main results : Partners in the food supply-chain can be considered as stakeholders to implement a sustainable strategy. This research identifies two models of relations with those partners : responsibility with the producers (which means the producers actively contribute to the environmental strategy) and responsibility towards the producers (which implies helping the producers to reduce environmental impacts)
Ould, Sadegh Ismaïl. "Influence du dirigeant et de l'environnement sur le développement des P. M. E. : une analyse du comportement stratégique des entreprises de pêche mauritaniennes." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN22020.
Full textThis research is found in the domain of strategic management. Its aim is to contribute on the knowledge of the affects of the environment and the values of the directors towards the strategic behaviour of P. ME. On fishing in Mauritania. From the theoritical elements, one could show that thanks to the methods of analysis of the given data, the relevance of the association of the words (strategies, values & environment) and their influence upon the processus of the development of P. M. E. Furthermore, on the basis of the information collected from the 35 P. ME. Of thefishing sector in Mauritania, a typology of strategic behaviours have been brought out and their determinants have been analysed
Ghrasli, Benaissa el. "Le plan de développement triennal au Maroc 1978-1980 : l'abandon de la notion de croissance." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100059.
Full textAfter more than 25 years of independence the problem of the selection of the model for economic development still exists with acuteness in morocco. In fact, since 1978 a new economic policy may be noted in this country: first, the application of a program of austerity for 3 successive years (78-80). Then, a very timid boost was given (81-85 plan), and finally the return to a more violent policy of austerity during those last years, which seems to indicate a break with the growing schema previously domineering. According to that schema, the structures of the Moroccan economy were turned to what we might call the "takeoff". Whereas the contradictions of the prevailing mode of accumulation didn't permit that project to be carried out. Therefore the country officials were forced to change the economical tendencies. This reversal seems to be the beginning of a freezing period of the notion of growth, the plan of break expresses the strategy. That break has been justified by a deep financial crisis consequently the problems were: 1) to point out the variables which could maintain the running of the public sector. 2) To fix how to make revive the private investment in order to find again the "basic balance", the state has first conducted a limitation to everything linked with the household consumption. Then, it has freed itself from social sectors. The reintroduction of a political dimension was only needed in the hope of justifying that disengagement, and the under way measures of liberalism and privatization. As for the incitement to private investments the action of state has been characterized by the intensification of the existing measures. In short, the intervention of state, through its policy of austerity, is hold back for its regulating action on the economic activity. At last, as everything seems to indicate that the economic policy in morocco is suspended, that a national solution to the crisis seems very improbable too. A global issue (overpassing the national confines) should lead to a successful conclusion, only if the will of the state makes the decision to
Hofmann, Marc. "Les obstacles d'une planification vivante dans les projets recherche et développement et les moyens de motivations pour les surmonter." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR1EC01.
Full textNiyongabo, Jacques. "Analyse critique de la planification de l'éducation dans les pays en voie de développement : le cas du Burundi." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5556.
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