Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Planification Économique'
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Lecat, Gabriel. "Analyse économique de la planification urbaine." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086797.
Full textJirari, Adil. "Planification et prix de production." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100084.
Full textPhilippe-Dussine, Marie-Pierre. "Le rôle économique de l'état dans le post-socialisme : économie publique de la transition." Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN20006.
Full textWhen the east-Europe began to reform its economy, many thought that these socialist economy would choose to reduce the public controls, in order to be converted into market economies. Transition has often been presented as a desetatisation process. This thesis presents the opposite conception and presents the transition as a process, which maintains many old structures but also crates new public structures. The economic role of the state doesn't grow weaker in transition, because reforms and emerging markets call for new public interventions, while many old socialist structures stay. State doesn't grow weaker because three machinery are superimposed in period of transition: one is composed by the traditional bureaucracy another deal with the big transformations (privatization and so on. . . ) and one manages the first deficiency of the market. The examples and the application of this thesis are taken from the experiences of transition in Hungary, Poland, ex-Czechoslovakia and ex-Ussr
Nettel, Diaz Ana Laura Paula. "Planification, pouvoir et légitimité : la planification régionale dans un pays fédéral : le cas du Mexique, 1982-1988." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32018.
Full textThe instauration of a project of planification during the period of miguel de la madrid had also a political function. The purpose of this work is to analyse the ideological and the coercive functions accomplished by project of planification. This is why we choosed as privilaged axe the relationships between federal and local goverments within the coordination of planification
Sessou, Tossou Damienne. "La planification économique au Bénin et en Côte d'Ivoire." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE0003.
Full textPlanning in Benin and in Ivory Coast is carried out in an economic surroundings marked by underdevelopment and political and ideological surroundings distinguished by authoritarianism. The evolution of elaboration procedures of program towards dialogue can be noticed. Nevertheless, main defaults of African economies, generally speaking, and financing deficit stop a good fulfillment of arranged programs. In one hand, efficiency of planning is difficult to appreciate and on the other hand, economic crisis has forced Benin and Ivory Coast to defer national programs and to enforce actions of economic recovery recommended by the international monetary funds
Etari, David. "Planification décentralisée : systèmes décisionnel, informationnel et motivationnel." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN0521.
Full textThe obtaining of an optimal decentralized plan in a planned economy requires the structure of an optimal system of decision from the planning office. The decisions of that office being based on a set of informations deriving from the enterprises ; An informationnal system must allow to have the most objective information, which can be improved by an adequate system of motivation
Saleh, Abdullah Sultan. "Problématique de développement et planification au Yémen du nord." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0009.
Full textNeuville, Sébastien. "Le plan en droit privé." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10026.
Full textThe term plan has long been used in public law; but private law too, increasingly employs the concept in many areas of French business life; thus we hear of a plan for recovery, a savings plan, a company plan, a safety plan, a plan for equal opportunity, a financing plan, a redemption plan, a transfer plan. This list may appear ill-assorted and render doubtful as to whether these various plans share any common significance. Yet a focal significance does become apparent. For the concept of plan is not adverse to systematic treatment. What it shows is a new approach to state intervention in the area of private law. However the will of the public authority is particular in that it is not self-sufficient; it requires another agent to elaborate the plan so that it may be implemented. Now it is only in virtue of a legal act that this other agent may become apparent; but this agent may also emerge as the result of an act of jurisdiction; the judge may be led to intervene to settle the plan even through other private agents may have previously manifested their will
Boullet, Vanessa. "La planification en Irlande (1958-72). Méthodologies et mythologie de la modernisation économique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100109.
Full textThis thesis puts forward an economic, social and political study of the strategies adopted for the modernisation of the Irish economy between 1958 and 1972. The aim is to show that while planning contributed to the country's economic revival – thus paving the way for the “Celtic Tiger” – this success was less a clearly demonstrable result of the actual proposals or methods outlined in the programmes than it was the effect of the change in attitude which the “myth” of economic modernisation managed to breathe into the depressive Ireland of the period. In the 1950s, the Irish came to realise that de Valera’s nationalism was no longer suited to the situation. In 1958, Whitaker and Lemass drew up the Programme for Economic Expansion. This initiative fostered an environment in which private initiative and state management combined, so that development was catalysed by public capital, foreign investment and exports. Ireland in 1972 was barely recognisable. Although unemployment remained high, the problem of emigration had largely been resolved and production was rising rapidly. Planning had succeeded in steering the country’s fairly smooth transition from protectionism to free-trade without any major crisis. This in itself constitutes a success, to the extent that planning thus took on the status of a national myth. Nevertheless the successive economic plans are not the deus ex machina that some would like them to be. The PEE for instance, is often praised for having sparked off an economic upturn for which it may have played no role. Such a hypothesis qualifies – without however denying – our assessment of the actual success of Ireland's successive economic programmes
Aouragh, Lhaocine. "L'Intégration du facteur démographique dans la planification du développement en Algérie." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0063.
Full textFor a few years, the demographic growing of the algerian population, which in the context of an economic criss became of the rareness of the wags of the satisfying the needs, spontaneously assessed to be an obstacle to the rise of the stadart of living, has became part of the political priorities of the country. Ever since, the state has done its best to reduce the fertility rate. Overing to the inerty of the demographic phenomena, it would be a total illusion to side with the reduction of the mortality rate, even if the happened to be confirmed in the future, it would lower the change of the population on the efforts on the economic development. This would be nothing but igoring the automatic effects of the changes occuring in the structures. Besides, we can't offered to forget about the consequences which would certainly entail a decrease of the natality rate of the population. The industrial options, the reglection of the agricultural development, the repartition of the investments, a bad planification, according to us, just as many factors which explain the feeble results of the production and, therefore, the economic crisis. Finally we will understand that it is wrong to assert that the situation in which algeria find itself, is due to an uncontrolled demographic increase or of an imporpriate orientation of the nothing but the effort of the development. These two elements were linked and entail difficulties which can be considered as part of the crisis
Chigolet, Grégory. "Recherche sur la notion d'équilibre et ses applications aux théories de la planification économique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370463.
Full textBakour, Chafik. "Régionalisation et développement socio-économique au Maroc." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0011.
Full textA socio-economic analysis of the developpment and regionalization in Morocco is the subject of our research. This question is of creating gravitationnal development poles of investiments in varied enough field coevring the infrastructure, industry and agriculture. Within this framework, the pole of Casablanca is the Moroccan desert wich is monopolized of ail the economic activity of the country; reason for wich it is necessaray to instigate the pole of Fez with an aim of developing the whole of own territory
Van, der Straeten Karine. "Economie politique en information imparfaite : trois essais sur la planification et la democratie indirecte." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0049.
Full textLei, Xin-Hua. "Un essai critique sur le système de distribution des produits de consommation en chine - structure, organisation et performance." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090033.
Full textThe consumer product distribution system in china is founded on the rationing and not on the commercial exchange. It is characterized by a monopolization of state firms, a centralized control and an imperative planification. This system that was established in the fifties is today considered irrational and become an obstacle to the development of commercial activities. Since the end of the seventies, a reform is undertaken in China. This reform, with the aim of substituting an indicative planification for the imperative planification, has brought importants changes to the chinese economy and in particular to the distribution system. This thesis analyses the evolutions of the consumer product distribution system in China
Porkar, Koumleh Siyamak. "Planification technico-économique de la production décentralisée raccordée aux réseaux de distribution." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10021/document.
Full textIn the recent years, there is a worldwide wave of considerable changes in power industries, including the operation of distribution networks. Deregulation, open market, alternative and local energy sources, new energy conversion technologies and other future development of electrical power systems must pursue different goals. Also growth in the demand and change in load patterns may create major bottlenecks in the delivery of electric energy. This would cause distribution system stress. The complexity of the problems related to distribution systems planning is mainly caused by multiple objectives. It is predicted that Distributed Generation (DG) will play an increasing role in the electrical power system of the future, not only for the cost savings but also for the additional power quality. Careful coordination and placement of DGs is mandatory. Improper placement can reduce DGs benefits and even jeopardize the system operation and condition. This thesis discusses the effects of DG implementation under different distribution system conditions and states not only to decrease system costs and losses but also to improve power quality, system voltage and line congestion. Three methodologies included mathematical model to obtain the optimal DG capacity sizing and sitting investments with capability to solve large distribution system planning problem. These frameworks have allowed validating the economical and electrical benefits of introducing DG by solving the distribution system planning problem and by improving power quality of distribution system. DG installation increases the feeders’ lifetime by reducing their loading and adds the benefit of using the existing distribution system for further load growth without the need for feeders upgrading. More, by investing in DG, the DISCO can minimize its total planning cost and reduce its customers’ bills
David, Bernard. "De la planification au projet collectif : rationalité et modes de coordination à l'épreuve du pluralisme." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24013.
Full textFar-Hat, El Hassan. "Le développement décentralisé au Maroc : dynamique spatiale et planification régionale : le cas de la région Chaouia-Ourdigha." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30003.
Full textThe crisis is not only economical, it is also an institutional crisis. The main gool of Moroccan State was to garanty a social and economical development and to maintain its antority on the whole national territory. In fact because of its importance, the central government has reduce the power of local authorites in the realisation of a non centralised development. Taking advantage of its dominant position, the state planication tave the spatial geography without taking care of local problems this is why we can see so much social and economical differences between a useful Morocco and another that is useless. The territorial is now trying to get along with local developement demands this, the "provincialisation" as the "régionalisation" have not succeded in reaching tis last goal that is why local and regional development can be an alternative that could allowed locals authorities to work more on this new way our work is now divided ou two parts, the first step is trying to explain the political, economical and social issued from provincialisation and the regionalisation of 1971. It is through those serls failures. The region of Chaouia-Ourdigha stand up. On the second part we are trying to stand study the geographical dynamics that is merging from the new organisation of the social and economical development at the level of Chaouia-Ourdigha. This why we will study first the economical and geographical space of the région of Chaouia-Ourdigha and after we will deal with the urban system. We will and our study by proposing a strategy of amenagement and development, and by showing the urban, rural and economical dynamics through several hypothesis
Hachem, Thérèse el. "Economie de l'éducationLes erreurs de planification de l'éducation en France : essai d'évaluation." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010001.
Full textMarchal, Fabrice. "Contribution informatique aux modèles de planification en économie des transport." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0141.
Full textDuring the past two decades, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of dynamic traffic models mainly motivated by ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) technologies. These models describe the evolution of the congestion of urban and inter-urban networks as a dynamic process instead of considering -as in static models- that this phenomenon is stationary. This dissertation presents an innovative methodology that uses the simulation approach. In the first part, we build a fully dynamic model with two key features: (1) a mesoscopic event-based traffic model and (2) a departure time choice model based on the work of W. Vickrey. Its advantages are the ability to compute stationary time-dependent states and to take into account within-day time as well as day-to-day adjustments. Computer implementation and performance issues are addressed to allow to simulate large-scale networks within reasonable computing times. The second part focuses on the applicability of the simulator. Its validation is presented on the test-site of the city of Paris with real world data. It is compared with other existing approaches such as that of static models and network-aggregated models. A wide range of policies and scenarios are envisaged: variation of demand, access control, traffic restraint, implementation of staggered and flexible hours. The model is also adapted to study the economics of road pricing. We show that the simulation approach can help to design pricing schemes by predicting their impacts on traffic flows and by assessing the differential responses of users. Fixed and modular pricing schemes are tested on the network of Sioux-Falls. Lastly, we examine the integration of traffic simulators withland-usemodels
Pedon, Amédée. "Influence des dispositifs d'aide publique sur les décisions d'entreprise. : une analyse des motivations des dirigeants d'entreprise." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN22021.
Full textThe study is at the cross-road between the strategic management and the public management fields. The main purpose lies in contributing to the knowledge of the effects of public subsidies on corporate decisions, of managerial practices toward subsidies, and in guiding public managers in their reflection, thanks to a three-fold evaluation of subsidies programs (effectiveness, efficiency,satisfaction). After recalling evolution and the characteristics of subsidies in France and abroad, the theoretical and positive justifications of subsidies, and a synthesis of the main studies on the effects of subside on corporate decision, a contingency-approach is suggested to explain such an effect, and the analysis is focuded a managerial practices. The methodology of the evaluations of subsidies programs is then explaained. An empirical study has been carried out in Lorraine (France), on a 47 companies-sample to which a questionaire survey had been sent. The managers motivation and practices concerning the subsidies programs, thier expectations from and their satisfaction with the subsidies have been mesured. The effects of subsidies on a set of strategic decisions have then been evaluated, according to the motivations and behaviours of the managers. The conclusion is that public subsidies have both a financial and relational dimension. Eventually, several reflections and suggestions are formulated concerning the management of subsidies programs
Treillet, Stéphanie. "Le mode de développement du Nicaragua : économie mixte et transition vers le socialisme, 1979-janvier 1986." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100058.
Full textThis work examines the main features of the Sandinista experience of social and economic transformation in Nicaragua, and their choice of a structure of mixed economy. The first part describes the constraints inside which the new government had to operate. What was the pattern of underdevelopment in 1979? What were the particularities of the somozista mode of domination? What was the significance of the "mixed economy" during the reactivation program in 1980? The second part studies contradictions revealed successively by the process of social transformation; the first were difficulties in investment and production, especially from the private sector of economy. These difficulties caused some readjustment and theatrical discussions about their origin. Since 1983, one can see that the distribution of goods and food is meeting obstacles. The third part tries to distinguish which of these problems are due to exterior factors, particularly the war, and which are due to the consequences of previous policies
Marcon, Christian. "Intelligence économique : l'environnement pertinent comme variable stratégique : justification théorique et approche instrumentale." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT4006.
Full textLarivet, Sophie. "Les réalités de l'intelligence économique en PME." Toulon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUL2001.
Full textThe dissertation aims to examine competitive intelligence manifestations in SMEs. In order to do it, and following a functional approach, we show the theoretical interest of the French acceptation of the competitive intelligence concept. Competitive intelligence is presented as the combination of three informational functions (intelligence, informational risk management and influence). On this basis, we develop a measurement scale, whose practical application in 103 SMEs highlights three groups having different informational practices. 20% of SMEs make competitive intelligence. They use more networks more often, have a more participative management. Competitive intelligence practice is linked to strategic vision, to an international competititon and to specific strategis moves. Among SPMEs mangers, the minority that practices it seems to have a specific culture or personality
Maou, Vladimir. "La régulation économique de l'Etat : les bases théoriques et idéologiques de la politique économique de la Russie : 1908-1929." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21055.
Full textRaineau, Laurence. "L'information en économie centralement planifiée : enjeu de la transition vers l'économie de marché." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010018.
Full textThe thesis follows simultaneously two main analytical topics. Firstly, it develops a theoretical analysis of information and secondly it analyses the informational problem of centrally planned economies. The purchased aim is an insight into the challenge posed by the transition from a centralized to a decentralized system of information. The first part is a critical analysis of the informational and communicational systems of the centrally planned economies. It points out the deficiency of the existing analyses concerning biased information or quality of the exchanged messages. The second part focusses on the theoretical developments on information in centrally planned economy. The neoclassical hypotheses on information are discussed though the analysis of market socialism models. Through the study of hayekian critics of socialism, the austrain approach of the information is then discussed. In the third part the author proposes a more personal analysis of information and of the logics and deficiencies of the centrally planned economies. In disruption with the objectivist informational approach, the analysis differenciates the exchanged data (indices), the signal and the meaning information. Linguistics and phenomenology are then helpful to define information and to understand its origin in a system
PAN, YIAOJUAN. "Les societes industrielles d'administration en chine." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010280.
Full textThe administrative industrial companies are very particular bodies. Aswelle as being economic entities endowed with legal status, whose activities are mainly industrial and commercial, they are also organizations who, in the name of the state, administrate the industrial economy. This multi-purpose role mains that the administrative industrial companies are very bureacratic in nature, the direct opposite to what private industrial companies, in the true sense, should be. This, of course, does not helf towards the development of a free national economy and the economic reform. Consequently, the administrative industrial companies must be reformed
Vincent, Nicolas. "Fluctuations macroéconomiques en présence de complémentarités stratégiques." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN1G001.
Full textSmati, Ammar. "La prévision et la planification économique et énergétique dans les pays en voie d'industrialisation : cas de la Tunisie." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020003.
Full textIn this thesis, author presents an economic and energy situation of long-run for tunisia. After, with the situations analyzed in the chapters devoted the economic situation, and energy sector, he describes a macroeconomic model. This original approach, code-named moplane (modele de prevision et planification economique et energetique) has been developed to investigate and formulate longer-run economicenergy perspectives plans. The economy is divided into only five sectors. These are the agriculture and fishing sector, the energy sector, the manufacturing and construction sector, and services sector. The energy sector also is highly aggregated in six forms of primary energy. These are the crude oil source, solid mineral fuels source, electricity source, nuclear source, and tradional energy source (firewood, animals waste, charcoal). Moplane examines the two-way linkage between the energy sector and the rest of economy particulary in the long-run. The aim of this model is to determine energy-economic evolution in tunisia at horizon 2000 and more. The computing program is achieved in fortran language and was runned on wax vms computer
Chevalier, Bernard. "Planification par projet et organisation territoriale. Initiatives locales : une démarche de développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32022.
Full textThis study, based on several practical experiments, which have been carried out as well in france (provence) as in developping countries (senegal - casamance) is supposed to test the validity and feasability of decentralised planning. The project management, in connection with local initiatives, is in fact an intentionally selective approach, centered on a specific problem, and organized around a concrete project of which the ends are not set in advance. Adapting to a stratified territorial organization, the project management involves at different organizational levels the different territorial strata. This way, the project management promotes a connection between the fonctionnal and the territorial planning. Depending on a collective learning-process, the project management is therefore a superior form of organization creating new forms of partnership
Benhassen, Lobna. "Politiques éducatives, croissance économique et inégalités : étude dans le cadre de modèles à générations imbriquées." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24020.
Full textGhrasli, Benaissa el. "Le plan de développement triennal au Maroc 1978-1980 : l'abandon de la notion de croissance." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100059.
Full textAfter more than 25 years of independence the problem of the selection of the model for economic development still exists with acuteness in morocco. In fact, since 1978 a new economic policy may be noted in this country: first, the application of a program of austerity for 3 successive years (78-80). Then, a very timid boost was given (81-85 plan), and finally the return to a more violent policy of austerity during those last years, which seems to indicate a break with the growing schema previously domineering. According to that schema, the structures of the Moroccan economy were turned to what we might call the "takeoff". Whereas the contradictions of the prevailing mode of accumulation didn't permit that project to be carried out. Therefore the country officials were forced to change the economical tendencies. This reversal seems to be the beginning of a freezing period of the notion of growth, the plan of break expresses the strategy. That break has been justified by a deep financial crisis consequently the problems were: 1) to point out the variables which could maintain the running of the public sector. 2) To fix how to make revive the private investment in order to find again the "basic balance", the state has first conducted a limitation to everything linked with the household consumption. Then, it has freed itself from social sectors. The reintroduction of a political dimension was only needed in the hope of justifying that disengagement, and the under way measures of liberalism and privatization. As for the incitement to private investments the action of state has been characterized by the intensification of the existing measures. In short, the intervention of state, through its policy of austerity, is hold back for its regulating action on the economic activity. At last, as everything seems to indicate that the economic policy in morocco is suspended, that a national solution to the crisis seems very improbable too. A global issue (overpassing the national confines) should lead to a successful conclusion, only if the will of the state makes the decision to
Vassilev, Vassil Atanasov. "Le modèle soviétique." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100298.
Full textSamary, Catherine. "Les Logiques sociales contradictoires de l'accumulation en Yougoslavie." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601031w.
Full textSamary, Catherine. "Les logiques sociales contradictoires de l'accumulation en Yougoslavie (1945-1980)." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100107.
Full textWe study the mechanisms, conflicts and results of the Yugoslav accumulation between 1945 and 1980 -the interest of which is to cover 4 distinct combinations of planning market self-management, with different openings to the world market. We focus on the causes (disequilibrium, socioeconomic, cultural and political conflicts) and on the conditions of those major institutional turning points. Behind the economic category what are the social rationalities and conflicts in their evolution. The property relations are considered to be impure and transitory, as is the Yugoslav society itself -coming from a beak with capitalism which as such did not make it immediately socialist. The process of socialist transformation (or of real socialization of ownership) is neither linear nor automatic. The Yugoslav experience allows us to test whether a market regulator (that we distinguish from an utilization of market categories by a plan) can be the answer to the well-known impasses of bureaucratic planning. In other terms: does self-management need to be atomized and linked together by a market regulator? Our conclusion is on the contrary that there is a dual antagonism: self-management administrative planning and self-management market (as regulator). The key question raised in the present crisis is then that of an institutional system permitting self-management to penetrate the state and planning -while social relations as a whole should be protected from the automatic mechanism of the world market. In that framework, the limits of the break with the political system of Stalinism is as important as the limits of the break with capitalism. This is a reformulation of preobrajensky's approach, taking in account the question of the bureaucracy and of democracy
Samuelides-Milesi, Esther. "Les stratégies d'adoption technologique en présence d'innovations : éléments d'analyse économique et application aux opérateurs de télécommunications mobiles." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010035.
Full textPeyrefitte, Marilyne. "Développement régional et planification décentralisée : les contrats de plan état-région une démarche de développement intégré ?" Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D022.
Full textWhat use is planning when everything is uncertain ? aim for an ideal and understand what is real. These two indroductory sentences area global summary of the general analytical in which this research an the state - region plan contracts ( instituted in july 1982 ) is situated. Using different documents that had been drawn up andour own financial analysis carried out in 1985, this study has tried to characterise these contracts as carrying out the main principles of decentralised planning ( integration - autonomy ) and as vectors of a managerial concept of area development. In fact, this new practice could not be justified as independent from new logics brought about by a new economic and political situation. In order todo this, the main thread of this thesis is based on three conceptual points : driwing force - planning - development. These plan contracts cristallise a planning which is both pragmatic and inciting thereby formalizing amobilizing and participatory means of implementation which could nevertheless be perfected. Their original vocation was of teaching concerted action yet the real vocation was that of the driwing force behind "contractualis'action" because of a constraining financial logic. The future stake therefore seems to be one of realising a true strategy of co- development, presented at the end of our analysis as an anticipated vocation. This thesis asks questions about the relevance of a plan as well as about the coherence or malfunction between the theory and the practice. It questions the balance or the imbalance between an approach toa planned project and an im- plement for effective programming
Baltima, Marita. "L'industrie textile lettone face à la privatisation." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080990.
Full textLatvia shows an over-sized textile industry as compared with its population in the former ussr. Independance leads to examine the conditions of a transition of the textile industry towards a competitive economy. Chances and terms of a survival of the latvian textile industry are scrutinized with attention on its equipement, its poor productivity, and its problematical markets due to a lack of competitive advantage. A proposal is to ease the implementation of small businesses that contribute to design a net of businesses. A successful transition to a market driven economy and the choice of its markets by the latvian textile industry shall be keys factors for the geostrategy of the basltic sea eastern shore
Alkazraji, Thouria. "Le pétrole et le modèle du développement irakien : les effets économiques et spatiaux." Montpellier 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON30024.
Full textIraq or mesopotamia as it was named before, owes much of its modern development to oil, as it has owed its very life since the dawn of human civilizations, in the days of the terraced gardens, to its two rivers, tigris and euphrates. As a matter of fact, iraq, since oil has been discovered, and more particularly, since its hydrocarbures have been nationalized in 1972, has met important transformations at the socio-economic level. Thanks to these transformations due to productive capacities and oil stocks, iraq has been able to carry out its economic development. Nevertheless, this multilateral development has not had a less important impact upon the social aspects (demography, emigration, urbanization, way of life, family life and structure etc. . . ) these are the points this research paper aims to bring out, even if the study is limited to the year 1980, when the iraq-iran war broke out. Iraq will certainly take up the period prior to 1980 again, as far as its development is concerned
Sapir, Jacques. "Rythmes d'accumulation et modes de régulation de l'économie soviétique : essai d'interprétation des cycles d'investissement et de main d'oeuvre en URSS de 1941 à nos jours." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100169.
Full textThere is two targets in this work. First an attempt to use on the Soviet Union some of the concepts originating from the capitalist ones. Second, a study of investment related cycles from 1941 to 1983. With a thought on the dynamics of capitalism and the role of the state as exemplified by war economies and japan, we are describing the specific path of development of Russia and Soviet Union as a mobilized economy. Some mechanisms like a seller's market, the centralization of both financial and monetary systems are leading to specific behaviors. Then we have a good number of intermediate forms by the way of which the society is able to cope with conflicts behaviorally induced. We could find, in the development history of the USSR, two global regulative processes, the "regulation volontariste" and the "gestion consensuelle". Among key behaviors, the quantity drive, a special kind of shop management and the high mobility of the rural work force are inducing a cyclical movement bending investment, consumption, productivity and employment. The study of soviet economy from 1941 to 1983 is showing a recurrent pattern for this cycle. Even if the transformation of the society after 1953 56 could slightly damp the movement, until 1976 there is no proof of this cycle fading away. But for the second half of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties we could find some new mechanisms which are leading to a long lasting crisis
Abbas, Saad. "L'intervention de l'Etat dans le développement économique et industriel en Irak depuis 1958." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL12006.
Full textThrough an analysis of iraq's socioeconomic and political history, the study has been describing the place of state in the process of general development. The modality of state intervention and the effects of the latter represent the main theme which is expanded over the essential period stretching from 1958 to nowadays. The extensiveness of the mutation experienced by the state apparatus from 1968 set off the adoption of a socioeconomic long term strategy of development. It was part of a context which had a socialist orientation and which alloted the vanguard position to the public industrial sector. The state assumed several roles: its role of promoter and protector state, its role of reformer state, and its role of programmer state. The state also encouraged the private initiative, for a complementarity between the private sector and the public one, to enable the integration of the economy to the war. Finally the mechanism of a "peripheral" economy can only escape from its frailty through the engagement of state in a gradual step, aiming at stimulating the internal dynamism, through a coordination between the latter and the space of development
Linares, Carlos Henrique. "Le rôle de l'Etat brésilien dans le développement et dans la réduction des inégalités par la voie de l'agriculture." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0009.
Full textThe present work is a deep study about the State, Rural Law and Brazilian Agricultural Policy, from 1960’s to the early 2000’s. Considering agriculture as a possible means to reduce internal differences the author believes that it’s the State’s duty to promote comprehensive development to all citizens, thus ensuring greater social justice. This is the reason why this thesis brings a study about the development models adopted by different governments along this period of time. Divided in two parts, the author on the first part presents the history of land gathering since the time Brazil was a colony, until the end of “Old Republic”. From then on, the author studies the implementation of the “Welfare State” in a “brazilian way” at the Vargas age, and the National Development during the military dictatorship, and at the same time, highlights the agricultural policies applied and the birth of Brazilian Rural Law. On the second part, the author presents a study about the crisis and the reform of the Brazilian state, as well as subsequent agricultural policies and armed conflicts for farming land. The study ends with a discussion about the state – justice relation and the role the Brazilian state, as well as the international community should adopt, in order to reduce poverty in the twenty-first century
Touré, Mamoutou. "Planification et développement régional en Côte d'Ivoire : le Nord ivoirien, une région marginalisée." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3023.
Full textIncluding in a national economy exporting in base and more concentrated on southern forestery arboriculture, North of Ivory Coast could not developed his potentiality. Correctives policies applied since the independance have allowed to make up lost time in part. Nowadays, the North is well secure from Ivory Cost economy and People of the North have renforced their implantation in various economics sectors in forest areas. If the contemporany development of northerns savannahs is marked by the relative sucess, since the end of 1970 years, the interventionist state is confrontated to an accused recession which seriously limit his capacities of national and regional development, and redistribution. Agriculture is touched by the structural fall of international Price and the state regulations implode because of the IFM (International Monetary Fund) requirements, and privates businessmen. December 24th, 1999 Coup and September 2002 rebellion are probably revealing the crisis model. The actual politic debate is without any risk for the laters evolutions. If the controversies participate in a democratic debate about how to find a new national project, they underline too the danger of political excess which stronghly weaken the national cohesion by probably making a stop to the development of the North of Ivory Coast
Carvalho, Paulo Miguel Nunes Soeiro de. "Scenarios as a tool to give context and sense to weak signals in a process of competitive intelligence." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_carvalho_p.pdf.
Full textThis research work aims to demonstrate that, in a highly turbulent and uncertain context, companies must take into account the “weak signals” sent by (obtained in) the environment (internal and external to the organization), and that this type of information must be managed and framed in a process of competitive intelligence. The first section of the Thesis will form the theoretical and conceptual basis of the research, offering the necessary background for a more specific and focused research work, aiming at exploring if and how scenarios can be used as a tool to facilitate the interpretation and to give sense to weak signals in a corporate environment. After the theoretical and conceptual foundations of this research work, we make a comparative and critical analysis of conceptual models and processes of competitive intelligence, giving a particular attention to the stages and approaches related to the amplification, interpretation and sense-making of weak signals. Our contribution intends to focus on the design of a conceptual framework and experimentation of a process (second part of the Thesis). Therefore, we propose a generic framework and a specific procedure which allows the identification of Weak Signals in an environmental scanning phase and then the exploration of the impact and meaning of those Weak Signals in a set of alternative scenarios according to the strategic focus defined in each experiment. Here the scenarios assume a crucial role as alternative contexts where the Weak Signals can be interpreted. In the third part of the Thesis we present the theoretical and operational propositions and also a general prescription which tries to highlight and integrate, in a systemic way, some of the conclusions that we’ve reached in this research, resulting from the confrontation of the theoretical enquiry with the experiments made
Ben, Daya Bechir. "Planification soutenable des investissements bioénergétiques : intégration des bioraffineries aux pâtes et papiers." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30335.
Full textThe Canadian pulp and paper sector has played a major socio-economic role in the last two centuries. In addition to the advantage of their geographical position, P&P companies have accumulated proven experience in the forest industry, including the treatment of wood biomass. Over the last three decades, these entities have faced difficult environmental constraints, compounded by a chronic market crisis. This latest crisis has had unprecedented social consequences leading to a crisis of sustainability. Over the last decade, the green energy industry has become a basic component of the energy transition strategies for developed countries. Biomass has always been at the heart of such a strategy for Canada. For the P&P, this orientation is an opportunity to solve the growing environmental and economic crisis of the sector. Decision-makers need a road map to transform P&P's factories into an Integrated Forest Biorefinery (IFBR). The choice of technologies, the sizing of production capacity and the choice of bioenergy investment are major concerns for decision-makers. However, assessing the sustainability of this transformation remains a major challenge. Our contribution is focused on developing decision support approaches and tools to support an effective, robust and sustainable transformation of Canada's P&P industry. The objective is to assess the sustainability of the IFBR integration and to present a new business model to decision-makers, which can strengthen their ability to negotiate a favorable incentive policy for bioenergy investments within the framework of the public-private partnership. To achieve this goal, our methodology combines decision support tools, mathematical optimization models, along with financial and economic analysis. Our first contribution proposes the design and application of a sustainability evaluation method integrating the life cycle approach and the optimization of the value creation network as part of a multi-objective mathematical model. The proposed model provides a roadmap for sustainable bioenergy investments, minimizing GHG emissions and maximizing the financial value of the biorefinery over a long-term planning horizon while ensuring optimal management of the incubator activity. In the second contribution, we present a sensitivity analysis of the proposed mathematical model according to well selected scenarios, with the development of a framework for communicating the model to the decision-makers. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the robustness of the model, to communicate to stakeholders the implications of investment choices in bioenergy production in an uncertain environment, and to identify opportunities for improving the effectiveness of the proposed model. In the third contribution, we propose an in-depth tax analysis using accelerated depreciation methods applied to investments in bioenergy. This analysis deals with the impact of the types of depreciations on the choice of bioenergy investment and on sustainability. Our goal is to provide decision makers with a set of decision support tools while strengthening their power to negotiate a tax policy favorable to bioenergy investment. In this part, it was highlighted that the choice of the investment coupled with the choice of its depreciation way offers the investor a more complete visibility on the practical consequences of the investment in the bioenergetics field with respect to prevalent tax legislation. This reinforces the public-private partnership and determines the level of public interventionism needed for the success of the expected transformation of the P&P sector. The social impact analysis and stochastic programming approaches for the robust study were not addressed by this work, they were presented as research perspectives.
Diouf, Papa Ndiaye. ""Péripherie économique" et insertion socio-professionnelle des scolarisés : le cas de l'enseignement moyen général (EMG) dans la ville de Kaolack (Sénégal) de 1981 à 1984." Lyon 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO20009.
Full textRoullière-Le, Lidec Christine. "Evaluation économique des urgences cardiologiques : Exemple : le Syndrome Coronarien Aigu sus-ST." Paris 9, 2007. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090066.
Full textContext : Diversity of medical treatments for patients suffering of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction related to different approaches, and this, with no medico-economic’s evaluation during the prehospital’s phase. Objective: Medico economic study based on different alternatives of diagnosis/treatment for patient. Method: Cost efficiency study based on Fast Mi registery datas. Efficiency criteria used is re perfusion procedure, what ever its timemesurement Results: 26% from 1714 patients follow the efficient progression. Most critical patients follow circuits that are detrimental to therapeutically eligibility. Regional results are homogenous, despite differences linked to circuits. Conclusions: A better information to patients and to referees would limit dispersion of channels and improve diagnosis and therapy processes, in a regional strategy
Konstantinova, Roumiana. "Prévisions du marché de la presse quotidienne nationale : les cas de la France et de la Bulgarie." Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO33020.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is to apply the forecasting methods on the media industry, in particular the daily newspaper industry. It consists of a comparative research of the French and Bulgarian press market based on the industrial economics model. The principal thesis leading the research states that the national daily press could be defined as an industry, which way of functioning could be analysed and which future could be anticipated by the means of the industrial economics. The principal stages of the research are: definition of the major problems of the industry in the beginning of the third millennium; application of the two theoretical models, namely those of the industrial economics and the five competitive forces on the analysis of the defined industries in France and Bulgaria; development of three forecast versions of the national daily press industry in the both countries for 2007 horizon
Saujot, Mathieu. "Analyse économique et simulation prospective dans la planification de la ville sobre en carbone : Application à Grenoble du modèle TRANUS+." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00982385.
Full textLebrument, Norbert. "La polyvalence stratégique des pratiques d'intelligence économique : une approche par les ressources appliquée aux PME." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1G005.
Full textFavre-Bonté, Véronique. "Manoeuvres stratégiques internationales de développement et caractère global ou multidomestique de l'activité." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21028.
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