Relevant bibliographies by topics / Planktotrophy

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Academic literature on the topic 'Planktotrophy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Planktotrophy"

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Kempf, Stephen C., and Christopher D. Todd. "Feeding Potential in the Lecithotrophic Larvae of Adalaria Proxima and Tritonia Hombergi: An Evolutionary Perspective." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, no. 3 (1989): 659–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400031052.

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Vance (1973a, b) argued that among the possible range of developmental strategies available to marine invertebrates, only the extremes of obligate planktotrophy and obligate lecithotrophy are evolutionarily stable. Vance's model, relating reproductive 'efficiency' to egg size (in terms of energetic content), predation rate, and prefeeding (lecithotrophic) vs feeding (planktotrophic) larval periods, has been a source of much discussion and debate since its inception (e.g. Underwood, 1974; Vance, 1974; Christiansen & Fenchel, 1979; Obrebski, 1979; Williams, 1980; Jablonski & Lutz, 1983; Strathmann, 1978, 1985; Todd, 1985). Subsequent publications have continued to dwell mainly on potential selective factors and the extremes of larval developmental type (i.e. obligate planktotrophy or obligate non-pelagic lecithotrophy). For the most part, these investigations have ignored questions concerning how a transition from one larval type to another would be accomplished in morphological and functional terms. Nonetheless, the consensus persists that small eggs and planktotrophy are the primitive (or ancestral) condition, and that lecithotrophy is the more advanced evolutionary derivative (see Strathmann, 1978,1985).
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Berkman, Paul Arthur, Thomas R. Waller, and Stephen P. Alexander. "Unprotected larval development in the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinidae)." Antarctic Science 3, no. 2 (1991): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102091000184.

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Most Antarctic bivalves are small and protect their young by holding fertilized eggs or larvae in their mantle cavities for varying periods. Nourishment for these early growth stages is provided by yolk reserves rather than by planktotrophy. The anomalously large Antarctic scallop, Adamussium colbecki, has unprotected planktotrophic larvae that are spawned during the austral spring. Successful recruitment of these larvae, in populations which are most abundant in oligotrophic habitats, may be associated with episodic pulses of organic material. Reasons why planktotrophy persists in A. colbecki are suggested by a comparison with another large Antarctic bivalve, Laternula elliptica. The latter has protected lecithotrophic larvae that are released at the beginning of the austral winter. This comparison suggests that unprotected larval development persists in A. colbecki because of unusual anatomical and ecological adaptations among the adults of the Adamussium lineage that have been evolving in the Southern Ocean since the early Oligocene.
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Cunningham, John A., and Charlotte H. Jeffery Abt. "Coordinated shifts to non-planktotrophic development in spatangoid echinoids during the Late Cretaceous." Biology Letters 5, no. 5 (2009): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0302.

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Despite widespread interest in the interplay between evolutionary and developmental processes, we still know relatively little about the evolutionary history of larval development. Many clades exhibit multiple shifts from planktotrophic (feeding) to non-planktotrophic (non-feeding) larval development. An important question is whether these switches are scattered randomly through geological history or are concentrated in particular intervals of time. This issue is addressed using the Cretaceous spatangoid sea urchins, which are unusual in that larval strategy can be determined unambiguously from abundantly fossilized adult tests. Using a genus-level phylogeny, we identify five clades of non-planktotrophic taxa, each of which first appears in the fossil record in the Campanian or Maastrichtian (the final two Cretaceous stages). No examples of non-planktotrophy have been identified in any of the earlier stages of the Cretaceous. This strongly suggests that shifts to non-planktotrophic development are clustered in certain episodes of geological history, and this, in turn, implies that extrinsic factors operating at these times are responsible for driving shifts in developmental strategy.
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Nutzel, Alexander, Oliver Lehnert, and Jiri Fryda. "Origin of planktotrophy-evidence from early molluscs." Evolution Development 8, no. 4 (2006): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142x.2006.00105.x.

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Runnegar, Bruce. "No evidence for planktotrophy in Cambrian molluscs." Evolution & Development 9, no. 4 (2007): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142x.2007.00165.x.

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Haszprunar, Gerhard, Luitfried v. Salvini-Plawen, and Reinhard M. Rieger. "Larval Planktotrophy-A Primitive Trait in the Bilateria?" Acta Zoologica 76, no. 2 (1995): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1995.tb00988.x.

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Wilson, BR. "Direct development in Southern Australian cowries (Gastropoda : Cypraeidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 2 (1985): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850267.

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Direct development is described in three species of Zoila, three species of Notocypraea and one species of Austrocypraea from the temperate waters of southern Western Australia. Females lay egg-masses like those of tropical cowries but only one embryo develops in each capsule and it hatches at a crawling snail stage. Fecundity is low. Brooding lasts from 40 to 55 days. The ecological and phylogenetic significance of these observations is discussed and compared with tropical species of Cypraeidae, which have high fecundity, incubation periods of 11-18 days and planktotrophic veligers. As a provisional hypothesis, it is suggested that direct development in the southern Australian cowries evolved very early in the history of the family and that it is a successful reproductive strategy in the southern temperate zone because of the lower temperature, lower diversity, higher rates of planktonic predation and greater seasonality of planktonic food resources at these latitudes than in the tropics where planktotrophy has greater selective advantage.
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Emlet, Richard B. "Facultative planktotrophy in the tropical echinoid Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus) and a comparison with obligate planktotrophy in Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray) (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea)." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 95, no. 2 (1986): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90202-9.

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9

Reitzel, Adam M., and Benjamin G. Miner. "Reduced planktotrophy in larvae of Clypeaster rosaceus (Echinodermata, Echiniodea)." Marine Biology 151, no. 4 (2007): 1525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0591-y.

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Young, C. M., J. L. Cameron, and K. J. Eckelbarger. "Extended Pre-Feeding Period in Planktotrophic Larvae of the Bathyal Echinoid Aspidodiadema Jacobyi." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, no. 3 (1989): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400031076.

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The long-standing hypothesis (Thorson, 1946, 1950; Mileikovsky, 1971; Jablonski & Lutz, 1983) that deep-sea invertebrates should reproduce by direct development or by non-feeding (lecithotrophic) larvae is beginning to fall in the light of recent data. Traditional reasoning maintained that planktonic food should be limiting at great depths, and that microscopic, ciliated larvae should be incapable of migration to the euphotic zone. However, in recent years, planktotrophic larvae of two deep-sea gastropods have been collected in surface waters, and planktonic larval development has been inferred from shell morphology and chemistry in several other species (Bouchet & Warren, 1979; Killingley & Rex, 1985). Planktonic larvae have also been collected in the water column of the deep sea (Berg et al., 1985; Smith, 1985; Berg & Van Dover, 1987), particularly near hydrothermal vents. Relatively diverse benthopelagic plankton populations relying primarily on suspended detritus for food are now known from the benthic boundary layer of the deep sea (Wishner, 1980a, b; Gowing & Wishner, 1986). Thus, it is increasingly apparent that planktotrophy may be a common option for deep-sea larval development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Planktotrophy"

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Pedersen, Roberta Vicki Kostiw. "Morphogenesis of planktotrophic veligers of naticidean gastropods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0006/MQ32675.pdf.

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Squire, Gareth. "The biogeography of the Indo-West Pacific echinoids." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391824.

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Poorbagher, Hadi, and n/a. "Life-history ecology of two New Zealand echinoderms with planktotrophic larvae." University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081029.160011.

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The importance of parental nutritional status on planktotrophic larvae was investigated in both laboratory-conditioned and field (populations) parents of two New Zealand echinoderms: the sea urchin Pseudechinus huttoni and the starfish Sclerasterias mollis. Three questions were addressed: (i) Does parental nutritional status affect the reproductive features (gonad index, gametogenesis, fecundity and biochemical composition) both in the laboratory and under natural conditions? (ii) Does parental nutritional status affect egg characteristics (diameter, number, dry weight, fertilization rate and biochemical composition)? (iii) Are the characteristics of larvae (growth, development, morphology, mortality rate and body composition) influenced by parental or larval nutrition (or both)? To answer the first question, adult P. huttoni and S. mollis were maintained in the laboratory with a low or high diet (in terms of quantity and quality for P. huttoni, and in terms of quantity for S. mollis) for one year. The effect of low and high diets on reproductive features was studied and the same parameters were studied in two parental populations with dissimilar food availability (for P. huttoni: Otago Shelf and Doubtful Sound populations; for S. mollis: Otago inshore and offshore populations). To address the second question, egg characteristics of the laboratory-held and field parents were measured. The third question was answered by rearing larvae of the laboratory and field parents with both low and high concentration planktonic diets. P. huttoni reared in the laboratory with a higher food ration had greater gonad indices and lipid concentration and larger oocyte area. Sea urchins from the Doubtful Sound population had higher food availability, greater gonad lipid concentration and larger oocytes. Parental nutrition had some effect on the characteristics of the egg in P. huttoni. The laboratory-held urchins fed a high diet produced larger eggs: P. huttoni from Doubtful Sound produced larger eggs with a greater carbohydrate concentration. P. huttoni larvae from low-fed laboratory and Otago Shelf parents had faster development The effect of larval nutrition was more important than parental food availability on larval growth and development. Feeding parents in the laboratory had no effect on larval morphology but larvae from Doubtful Sound, which had better food availability, had longer arms relative to body width. A higher cell concentration in the planktonic diet led to shorter larval arm relative to body width. In S. mollis reared in the laboratory, a higher food ration led to larger gonad and pyloric caeca indices. The starfish from an Otago inshore population mainly had a higher gonad index than those from an Otago offshore population. In the laboratory-held parents S. mollis, nutrition had no effect on the egg characteristics. In the field, starfish with higher food availability produced smaller eggs with lower carbohydrate concentration. There was no significant difference between development rates of S. mollis larvae from low and high fed laboratory parents. However, those from the Otago inshore parents, with better food availability, had faster development than the larvae from Otago offshore parents. In S. mollis larvae, the origin of the parents (either from the laboratory or the field) had no effect on larval shape. A higher concentration planktonic diet led to longer larvae relative to body width in larvae from high-fed laboratory parents. In both P. huttoni and S. mollis, parental and larval diet had no effect on rate of instantaneous larval mortality. In both P. huttoni and S. mollis larvae, biochemical composition of the larvae and the egg were different to each other. Egg reserves appear not to be a factor which affects larval characteristics in these species.
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Bird, April, and April Bird. "Comparative Analysis of Cell Proliferation Patterns in Ciliated Planktotrophic Larvae of Marine Invertebrates." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12546.

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Most benthic marine invertebrates have long-lived planktonic ciliated larvae that must feed and grow to reach metamorphosis. Because ciliated cells in animals are unable to divide it is of considerable interest how ciliated larvae are able to grow. To understand how ciliated larvae grow I compared cell proliferation patterns in several species with planktotrophic larvae from five different phyla (Nemertea, Mollusca, Phoronida, Echinodermata, and Annelida). Cell proliferation events were detected using anti-phosphohistone antibody labeling, BrdU assays, and confocal microscopy. Studied larvae included some with monociliated epithelia (pluteus, bipinnaria, actinotroch, and mitraria) and others with multiciliated epithelia (metatrochophore, pilidium, and veliger). Dividing cells were detected in all studied larvae, but the pattern of dividing cells varied among types and correlated with the kind of epithelium (mono- vs. multiciliated) and phylogeny (e.g. protostome vs. deuterostome). Running z-projection movies of the actinotroch, mitraria, veliger and pilidium are included as supplemental files.
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Stewart, Heather. "Rhogocytes in larval gastropods." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4218.

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Rhogocytes of gastropod larvae are described from TEM images. These cells were found in the planktotrophic larvae of Amphissa columbiana, Trichotropis cancellata, Marsenina stearnsii (Caenogastropoda) and Nerita melanotragus (Neritimorpha) but not in Siphonaria denticulata (Heterobranchia). Previously these uniquely molluscan cells had been described in adult and direct developing larval gastropods only. Multiple functions have been proposed for rhogocytes, the most well supported being hemocyanin (HCN) synthesis. HCN was found within vacuoles of the rhogocytes of N. melanotragus but not within the caenogastropods. Caenogastropod rhogocytes may export HCN immediately after synthesis or they may synthesize a different protein product. Rhogocytes may be homologous with terminal cells of protonephridia, the latter used for excretion and osmoregulation. The presence of these two in gastropod larvae may be functionally related to larval body size. Large caenogastropod and neritimorph larvae have rhogocytes but not protonephridia, whereas the smaller heterobranch larvae have protonephridia but not rhogocytes.<br>Graduate
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Page, Alison Mary. "The origin of novelties in evolution: evolution of the protoconch II of planktotrophic gastropod larvae." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4966.

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My research tested hypotheses about the evolutionary origin of a novel feature by modification of development. The novelty is the growing larval shell of gastropod molluscs, which emerged when gastropod larvae acquired the ability to feed. One hypothesis states that the growing larval shell in the Heterobranchia is a continuation of the embryonic phase of shell secretion. The second hypothesis states that the larval shell in the Caenogastropoda may be a precocious juvenile shell. These hypotheses implicate heterochrony. To test these hypotheses, I examined ultrastructural features of the shell-secreting cells of two or three life history stages in a member of each of four clades of gastropods: the Patellogastropoda, Vetigastropoda, Caenogastropoda, and Heterobranchia. My results are consistent with the first hypothesis, but I found no ultrastructural support for the second hypothesis. These results provide the most comprehensive comparative data set on the ontogeny of shell-secreting cells for the Gastropoda.<br>Graduate<br>0433
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Books on the topic "Planktotrophy"

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Collin, Rachel, and Amy Moran, eds. Evolutionary Transitions in Mode of Development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0004.

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In the large body of literature on ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying transitions between planktotrophy and lecithotrophy, the focus has typically covered long evolutionary timescales; that is, evolution of complex larval traits is generally discussed in the context of phylogenetic patterns detectable at the level of families, classes, or phyla. An analytical approach incorporating comparative phylogenetics is increasingly used to address these long-view questions. Here, we discuss what has been learned from taking a comparative phylogenetic approach and the limitations of this approach. We propose that approaches based on a closer view—that is, analyses that focus on genetic, morphological, and functional variation among individuals, populations, or closely related congeners—have greater potential to answer questions about mechanisms underlying the loss and regain of major complex characters such as feeding larvae.
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McAlister, Justin S., and Benjamin G. Miner, eds. Phenotypic Plasticity of Feeding Structures in Marine Invertebrate Larvae. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0008.

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Nearly three decades ago, biologists discovered that planktotrophic larvae of sea urchins can alter the size of their ciliated feeding structures in response to the concentration of food (i.e., unicellular algae). In the years since, this response has become one of the best-studied examples of phenotypic plasticity in marine organisms. Researchers have found that this form of plasticity occurs widely among different types of feeding larvae in several phyla, and involves energetic trade-offs with a suite of correlated life history characters. Furthermore, investigators have recently started to unravel the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this plasticity. We review the literature on feeding-structure plasticity in marine invertebrate larvae. We highlight the diversity of species and variety of experimental designs and statistical methodologies, summarize research findings to draw more general conclusions, and target promising directions for future research.
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Nielsen, Claus, ed. Origin and Diversity of Marine Larvae. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0001.

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The origin of larvae has been much discussed, but the most plausible theory is the “terminal addition theory,” which proposes that the larvae originated when a benthic stage was added to the ancestral holoplanktonic life cycle, with the planktonic stage retained as the larva. Marine larvae show an astonishing morphological and ecological variation. Planktotrophic larvae are found in many smaller or larger lineages, and characteristic types—such as the trochophore of many annelids and molluscs, the cyphonautes of some bryozoans, the actinotrocha of most phoronids, the pluteus larvae of most echinoderms, and the tornaria of some enteropneusts—are familiar members of the plankton. These larvae show different types of ciliary filter feeding: trochophores have downstream-collecting, cyphonautes and actinotrocha have ciliary-sieving, and pluteus and actiunotrocha have upstream-collecting feeding. Crustacean larvae show a variety of feeding mechanisms. Lecithotrophic larvae are found in all phyla. A panorama of marine larvae is presented.
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Book chapters on the topic "Planktotrophy"

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"Chastity Belts And Planktotrophic Larvae: Constraints On Gecarcinid Reproductive Behaviour." In Studies on Brachyura: a Homage to Danièle Guinot. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004170865.i-366.94.

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