Dissertations / Theses: 'Planned economy'

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Mehrotra, S. K. "Economic relations between a centrally planned and a developing market economy : Indo-Soviet trade (1970-82) and technology transfer (post-1955)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372893.

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Štěpán, Kamil. "Hospodářský vývoj Československa v letech 1949-1989." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-166015.

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Thesis depicts economic development of the Czechoslovakia in the period from 1949 to 1989 with the focus on individual aspects of transformation to centrally planned economy -- private ownership elimination, collectivization, concentration on heavy industry etc. The aim is to demonstrate key problems of centrally planned economy on the example of the Czechoslovakia and describe specific manifestation of its low efficiency in subsequent periods of communist dictatorship. Thesis also briefly analyses changes realized during process of economic transformation in the beginning of 20th century and compares its development with other countries of former Eastern Bloc.

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Jefferies, William Richard. "From the centrally planned economy to capitalist globalisation : how economists underestimated the growth of the world market." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/332162/.

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The expansion of the world market in the 1990s was significantly accelerated by the transition of formerly centrally planned economies of the USSR, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), China and Vietnam into capitalist ones. Prior to the introduction of the market in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and CEE during the late 1980s and in China and Vietnam from 1978, there was no genuine market production in them, by definition. This transition transformed these economies from top to bottom and subordinated them to market prices. In the CIS and CEE the transition to capitalism was profoundly destructive with huge output falls exceeding even the destruction wrought following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. The collapse of centrally planned production was measured as a very large fall in national income by all of the official statistical agencies. In China and Vietnam the transition saw a general increase in output, as a consequence of the growth of the export oriented Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and expansion of agricultural production and the service sector. In neither case did official statisticians measure the distinctive growth of market production separate from the decline of centrally planned production. Rather official estimates of national income treated the central planned economy as if it were a market one. It was asserted that a non-capitalist economy could produce market value, including rents, profits and interest even without the exchange of commodities or landlords, capitalists and bankers. National income was assumed even in a centrally planned economy in which it did not actually exist. This thesis traces the early efforts of Soviet statisticians to develop measures of the economy through the application of Marx’s Capital. It shows how these efforts were transferred to the USA principally by the work of two Russian émigré economists Simon Kuznets and Wassily Leontief who established the US System of National Accounts (SNA) there. Under the direction of Abram Bergson, their work was then developed by the US Air Force Project Research and Development (Project RAND), who measured the centrally planned economy of the USSR as if it were a capitalist economy and then extended to include the CEE, China and Vietnam after the transition of their economies to planning. The transition of these centrally planned economies to market ones means that, if national income is a measure of economic production within the market boundary, the growth of production within the market boundary must be an expansion of national income. The use of these imputed measurements for non-existent national income in the centrally planned economies, explains why in the CEE and CIS when real market production and real national income were created during the transition to capitalism, an increase in national income was measured as a reduction of it. The expansion of market production became a contraction. The decline in centrally planned production and the imputed national income that measured it was misrepresented as a collapse of real national income rather than the creation of a real national income out of the central plan. It explains how these statisticians underestimated the already strong growth of capitalist production in China and Vietnam. Through a disaggregation of various key physical indicators; steel, electricity, aluminium, hydraulic cement, and automobiles and official national income estimates, alternative measures of the growth of real national income during the transition period are developed, through the separation of centrally planned output from market output. This disaggregation demonstrates that the expansion of the market into the former centrally planned economies was indeed a growth of market production and was capable of being measured by national income. Finally this thesis considers the implications of these new higher estimates of national income during the transition on the three areas of debate; firstly, the dispute within the neo-classical theorists around the applicability or otherwise of national income measures to a non-market economy, secondly, on the Marxist theory of State Capitalism and thirdly and finally on the various contemporary theories of globalisation predicated on a notion of the stagnation of capitalism. It presents an alternative conception based on Ernest Mandel’s idea of long waves.

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小野, 耕二, and Koji Ono. "Toward A Comparative Politics for Analyzing : Those Nations Making the Transformation from A Planned to A Market Economy." 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6015.

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Chik, T. K. C. "Organisational buying behaviour in a planned economy- the purchase of foreign technology in the People's Republic of China." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383497.

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Hughes-Roberts, T. "The effect of privacy salience on end-user behaviour : an experimental approach based on the theory of planned behaviour." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/31983/.

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End-User privacy concerns surrounding use of Social Networks present new and complex problems for research. Specifically, a phenomenon known as “the Privacy Paradox” has been observed where end-users stated concerns, attitudes and intended behaviour are not consistent with the actual behaviour within the network. Numerous causes have been proposed as potentially being the root of the problem of this paradoxical phenomenon including a lack of user awareness of privacy issues, a low level skill in using technology or a lack of privacy salience within the social network itself. However, the role of the User Interface (UI) in contributing to, and potentially providing a solution to, poor privacy behaviour is under-explored. A potentially fruitful avenue of enquiry given that behaviour is considered to be a reaction to environmental stimulus and the UI provides the environment within which the user is interacting. This thesis implements a two phase approach to furthering understanding of privacy behaviour in social networks. First, a survey is implemented exploring the relationship of concepts within the privacy paradox identifying that users stated needs are not being met by their observable behaviour. Secondly, two experiments are implemented in order to explore this behaviour as an interaction with the network; these questions are answered to build a social network profile and can be grouped according to their potential sensitivity. A model of social psychology, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), is used to develop such experiments in order to examine the cognition behind these interactions. Each of the salient influencers defined by the TPB is used to inform a series of UI treatments and form the basis for experiment groups. An initial experiment explores the method and is used to inform the design of the second, which also introduces a factorial design to explore the relationships between treatments. These experiments show that participants within the treatment groups disclose less information than the control, with statistical significance. Within the first experiment this non-disclosure took place across all questions sensitivities, possibly due to limitations in the experimental method. However, participants in experiment two appear far more selective in their disclosure, choosing not to answer more sensitive questions suggesting that they thought of their privacy while interacting with the system. Findings within this thesis suggest that the UI plays an important role in influencing end-user behaviour as it can inform the context of the interaction as it happens.

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Weber, Isabella Maria. "China's escape from the 'big bang' : the 1980s price reform debate in historical perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271826.

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China’s rise and Russia’s fall shape today’s global political economy. This new great divergence originates from the different policies pursued in the transition from a command economy. Russia applied a ‘big-bang’ doctrine with rapid price liberalisation at its core. In contrast, a policy of experimentalist gradualism manifested in the dual track price system (DTPS) laid the foundations for China’s economic success. But the Chinese reform approach was highly contested in the 1980s and China came close to implementing a big bang. My dissertation sheds light on this critical crossroads by asking on what intellectual grounds China escaped a big bang in price reform; or to turn the question positively, on what intellectual grounds the DTPS was defended against the plans to implement a big bang. To derive an answer, the first part presents the broad historical and theoretical context of the 1980s Chinese price reform debate. In particular, I analyse the ancient Chinese tradition of price regulation, the US price control experience and controversies during and after the Second World War, and the Chinese Communists’ price policies in the Maoist period. Against this background, the second part conducts an in-depth study of the 1980s price reform debate drawing on more than 50 interviews with Chinese and foreign economists, previously unexplored archival evidence and a wealth of Chinese sources. I show that the DTPS emerged from bureaucratic practices and was justified by large-scale empirical research efforts conducted by young intellectuals, who had gained influence through their contribution to rural reform. In contrast, I find that the big bang reform approach was introduced to China by Eastern European émigré scholars and Western economists, and was promoted by a group of Chinese academic economists. I demonstrate how the DTPS was grounded in a pragmatic philosophy of economic policy-making deeply rooted in China’s bureaucratic tradition, which prevailed over the idealist stance underlying the panacea of a big bang.

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Bitzenis, Aristidis P. "Foreign direct investment (FDI) during the transition from a planned to a market economy : the case of Bulgaria (1989-2001)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400688.

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Slanař, Jan. "Krize produkce a spotřeby v československé centrálně plánované ekonomice se zaměřením na vnitřní obchod." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359455.

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Domestic trade in the centrally planned economy, has been confronted with the lack of inputs and outputs, which did not allow to fully respond to the increasing demand of the population. In this thesis is elaborated the development of this area, especially by the historical, critical analysis and descriptive method, whose goal is to take down the development of domestic trade in the context of the economic development of preferred industries. The thesis is divided into two main chapters, that resolves issues chronologically starting with 1948 to the 80s, then the period of the 80s themselves is watched, which is the most emphasised one, together with concretization on district Mělník. The first chapter deals with theory, the second is practical part. The result shows the development of the domestic trade delayed and forced by the economic situation. Shortages in the supply of the residents, together with other factors, have enforced economic reforms leading to the inclusion of the market elements. However, the success of the measures taken was minimal.

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Doan, Ngoc Phi Anh. "The Adoption of Western Management Accounting Practices in Vietnamese Enterprises During Economic Transition." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365628.

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Following Vietnam’s re-unification in 1975, accounting practices and systems throughout the country were similar to those adopted by the Soviet Union and China. Since the late 1980s, however, Vietnam has been in the process of transforming itself from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented one, as a result of which the business environment has become much more competitive. The orientation of the accounting system has changed from one that served only the needs of state tax authorities to one that could also serve the needs of management. In turn, these changes have created a need for management accounting in Vietnamese enterprises. Despite such far-reaching changes, there is a lack of systematic knowledge about the current state of management accounting practices (MAPs) in Vietnam. This situation is consistent with a general lack of detailed information and understanding of MAPs in developing and/or transitional economies. This study seeks to help fill an important gap in the literature by investigating past and current MAPs in Vietnamese enterprises, factors that may have facilitated the adoption of western MAPs in such enterprises, and the costs and benefits of such adoption. In so doing, the study will add to management accounting literature by contributing supplementary information relating to an Asian perspective of MAPs. Data was collected using a multi-method approach including a questionnaire survey and interviews. Data for the study were collected from 220 accouting heads and vice heads of medium-to-large enterprises. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 20 accounting heads/vice heads to obtain further information and clarifications. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (including t-tests, ANOVA, and structural equation modeling), while the qualitative data was used to shed further light on the various relationships described by the quantitative analysis. Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Griffith Business School Griffith Business School Full Text

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Nestorova, Petya. "The determinants of foreign direct investment during transition from a centrally-planned to a market economy: the cases of Bulgaria and Hungary." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285760.

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This thesis examines the factors which have influenced the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Bulgaria and Hungary since 1989, in the course of their transitions from centrallyplanned to market economies. It compares two countries that are similar in terms of their market size, industrial structure and openness of the economy (although different in other aspects). In so doing, the thesis seeks explanations of the marked divergence in their FDI patterns. It argues that the timing and scope of inward FDI in Bulgaria and Hungary, and central and eastern Europe more generally, depend upon the progress of transition. More specifically, the pattern of FDI depends upon the changes that transition introduces in the recipient countries' locational advantages. Moreover, the path and pace of transition are also influenced by the scale and characteristics ofFDI inflows. Dunning's eclectic paradigm of international production is used as the conceptual framework underlying the work. The comparison between Bulgaria and Hungary is done both through analysing macro statistical data on their actual FDI patterns, and by means of a survey and interviews with companies which have invested in the two countries. The survey researches a set of location-specific advantages, investors' strategic motivations, the investment process and the impact of the investment on the host economy. The results of the survey and the interviews highlight the importance of location-specific advantages moulded in the process of transition, in relation to the long-term strategies of foreign investors. The thesis argues that Hungary has attracted a much higher level ofFDI than Bulgaria because it has moved faster, and more effectively, towards an economic system based on a market economy. This argument is supported through an analysis of the two countries' legislative frameworks for FDI, their privatisation programmes and competition policies. The thesis also draws contrasts between their macro-economic and business environments, their political climates, and the conditions influencing the formation of investors' perceptions. These comparisons highlight shortcomings in the Bulgarian FDI environment relative to that of Hungary, in particular in the areas of privatisation, competition and general business conditions.

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Haberle, Ondřej. "Specificity of Czech Economic Transformation." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74008.

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The aim of this thesis is to describe the economic transformation in Czech Republic in 1990-1997 with accent on difference between transformation process in Czech Republic and other transition countries. Theoretical part is based on the description of the model of centrally planned economy and transformation theory. Practical part discuss macroeconomy a microeconomy measures of economic transformation.

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Mitalauskienė, Eglė. "Privatizavimo eiga Lietuvoje po 1990 m. ir rezultatų įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060327_151040-17605.

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The main purpose of this work is to review the state property privatization process in Lithuania after regaining its independency and to describe theoretical and practical aspects of the privatization policy. The work aims at evaluating separate privatization stages, disclose their merits and shortcomings. The work provides analysis of privatization- process- related legal acts and impact of state institutions on the way to the market economy and state property privatization.

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schmitt, jonathan m. ""With Vietnam We Are Bound as Brothers": Theorizing Socialism, Internationalism, and the Politics of Public Agency Among Vietnamese Contract Workers in the German Democratic Republic." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/61.

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This thesis considers the social, economic and ideological climate in the German Democratic Republic in the last decade of its existence (the 1980s) when excessive labor demands lead the country to import tens of thousands of “contract workers” from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Focusing primarily on theoretical contradictions in GDR socialism, and their impact on the day to day lives Vietnamese workers, I will argue that ideologically freighted pronouncements of “socialist fraternity” with Vietnam functioned to obscure the true, economic reasons for labor importation.

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Mirsch, Eva. "EGENANSTÄLLNING : För vem?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150314.

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Egenanställning är en anställningsform som växer mycket snabbt. Under senare år har det börjat komma rapporter och debattartiklar om nya former för att organisera arbetslivet och möjliga konsekvenser av egenanställning när det gäller regelverk och anställningstrygghet. Med egenanställda menas personer som utför arbete på uppdrag och inte själva har något företag. De är i stället anställda av ett egenanställningsföretag som ansvarar för fakturering mot kunden/ uppdragsgivaren. Utifrån dessa förändringar är det intressant att se vilka konsekvenser det får för individen och vilka färdigheter som krävs i rollen som arbetstagare för att kunna hantera nya förväntningar och krav. I förlängningen är det också intressant att se vilket stöd arbetssökande kan få i att utveckla nya färdigheter på en arbetsmarknad som innebär en förskjutning från anställningstrygghet till anställningsbarhet och om vägledare och rådgivare inom arbetsmarknadsområdet bör eller ens kan rekommendera egenanställning som ett alternativ oavsett den arbetssökandes färdigheter. Denna studie utgår från ett individperspektiv och vänder sig främst till vägledare inom arbetsförmedling och vuxenutbildning samt till rådgivare och karriärcoacher inom Trygghetsråden. Förhoppningen är att studien ska kunna hjälpa till i vägledningsarbetet och fungera som en pusselbit inför individers kommande karriärbeslut. Studien baseras på Planned Happenstance-teorin. Valet av teoretisk utgångspunkt har gjorts utifrån att teorin ligger väl i linje med förskjutningen på arbetsmarknaden och den nya gig-ekonomin, där individen förväntas ta ansvar fullt ut för den egna utvecklingen och ställer krav på initiativförmåga och att vara självgående. För studien har en kvalitativ metod tillämpats. Sju personer har valts ut, de representerar organisationer i olika branscher, olika typer av organisationer samt har olika roller. Gemensamt är att det är organisationer som på olika sätt uppmuntrar, stöttar eller vägleder individer i en karriärvägledningsprocess. De intervjuade personerna arbetar i egenanställningsföretaget Frilans Finans, Fackförbundet Unionen, Trygghetsråden TRR, TSN och TRS, Arbetsförmedlingen och Verto Konsult AB. Resultaten i studien visar att det är relativt ovanligt att arbetslösa använder egenanställning som en plattform för att komma in på arbetsmarknaden. De specifika kompetenser som krävs är främst att vara självständig, driven, gilla försäljning, vara flexibel, våga ta risker, relationskompetens och specialistkompetens. Flera av dessa färdigheter stämmer överens med de färdigheter som karriärteorin Planned Happenstance menar är viktiga. Studien visar vidare att karriärvägledare bör stämma av att personer som överväger egenanställning har en tydlig affärsidé och att de gjort en ordentlig marknadsundersökning av den tjänst eller produkt man ska sälja samt har koll på de ekonomiska förutsättningarna. Stöd genom utbildningsinsatser för att öka den digitala kompetensen och kurser i lagar och avtal är också något som respondenterna lyfter fram, samt rådgivning när man är igång, inte bara inför uppstarten. Tillgång till nätverk och att kunna bolla med andra är också förslag på stödinsatser. Self-employment is an employment form that is growing rapidly. In recent years, reports and debate articles are coming up about new forms of organizing work-life and possible consequences of self- employment in terms of regulations and employment security. Self-employed means people who perform work on assignments and not have a company themselves. Instead, they are employed by a self-employment company which is responsible for billing against the customer / client. Based on these changes, it is interesting to see what consequences it has for the individual and which skills are required in the role of the employee in order to handle new expectations and demands. In the long run, it is also interesting to see which support jobseekers can get in developing new skills in a labor market, which involves shifting from job security to employability and if counsellors and advisors in the labor market sector should or even can recommend self-employment as an option regardless of the job applicant's skills. This study is based on an individual perspective and is primarily addressed to counsellors in employment service and adult education, as well as advisors and career coaches within the job security councils - Trygghetsråden. The hope is that the study should be able to assist in the work of guiding and as a piece of puzzle for individuals' future career decisions. The study link to the Planned Happenstance theory. The choice of theory has been based on the fact that the theory is well in line with the shift in the labour market and the new gig economy, where the individual is expected to take full responsibility for his / her own development, claiming initiative and being self-governing. For the study a qualitative method has been applied. Seven people have been selected, they represent organizations in different industries, different types of organizations and have different roles. Commonly, they are organizations that encourage, support or guide individuals in a career-counselling process. The interviewees work in the self-employment company Frilans Finans, The labour union Unionen, the job security councils TRR (outplacement and job security services for private companies and employees), TSN (The Job Security Foundation, job security services for government employees) and TRS, Arbetsförmedlingen (The Swedish Public Employment Service) and Verto Konsult AB. The results in the study show that it is relatively unusual for unemployed to use self-employment as a platform for entering the labour market. The specific skills required are primarily independent, driven, like sales, flexible, dare to take risks, relation competencies and specialist skills. Several of these skills are consistent with the skills that the career theory Planned Happenstance means are important. Further, the study shows that career counsellors should argue that people who consider self- employment have a clear business idea and that they have done a proper market research of the service or product to sell, as well as the financial conditions. Support through training efforts to increase digital skills and courses in laws and agreements is also something that respondents highlight, as well as counselling at the start, not just before the start-up. Access to networks and being able to chat with others are also suggestions for support efforts.

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Danielovský, Martin. "Zánik soukromého podnikání v Československu v kontextu právních změn v letech 1948--1964." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360448.

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The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the gradual disappearance of private enterprise in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948 - 1964 based on the analysis of relevant laws and regulations. The theoretical part deals with the analysis of legislation giving effect to nationalization, these laws puts into political and economic framework of the former Czechoslovakia. Thesis will concentrate not only on the second wave of nationalization and the state interventions in the economy that occurred after February 1948, but it emphasizes that the first significant changes in the national economy appear in the Czechoslovakia in the period before February 1948 through presidential decrees from October 1945. The analytical part of thesis evaluates the progress of the nationalization on the example of the eight selected enterprises. Thesis brings finding that the conduct of the nationalization of chosen companies largely meet legal requirements on nationalization. On the other hand, it is necessary to take into account that the legislation governing the nationalization was strongly influenced by the political means that their aim was to destroy private enterprise.

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Hruška, Jan. "Výsledky procesu transformace v zemích Visegradské čtyřky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76517.

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The thesis deals with the process of economic transition and its results in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic a the Slovak Republic, i.e. countries of Visegrad four. The paper describes the functioning of centrally planned economy and the general process of transition to a market economy. It also mentions different theoretical approaches. Furthermore it analyses the development of transition reforms in particular countries and compares the results of individual transition strategies.

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Soares, Jairo da Rocha. "Relatórios contábeis e financeiros nos países em transformação: da economia planificada à economia de mercado - Rússia e China." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2912.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jairo da Rocha Soares.pdf: 3884122 bytes, checksum: d7bd04bd6d958704c8d3064be9dbdcca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-24 This thesis is the insertion of the International Accounting study as a knowledge area of International Relations. The purpose of this study is to present a research in International Accounting, in the sphere of Russia and China, disclosing about the following theme axes: globalization in the context of accounting; the new accounting agenda; main social, political and cultural characteristics; accounting education of these two countries and their accounting standards and practices. This study demonstrated that the relative irreversibility of globalization is imbricated with the right to property adopted by Russia and by China. Another factor was the much more robust accounting agenda put into action from 1978 to 2008, with issuing of new pronouncements, whose objective was an alignment with the IASB on the convergence of the IFRS. The raising, consolidation and development of any social, political and cultural system inevitably went through a tortuous process, filled with sacrifices and fights, with successes and failures. The accounting education in these countries is still a new subject. In its favor there is the high educational background of their citizens, result of the socialist political regime. In these transformation countries the adoption of the IFRS is not merely a technical exercise involving rearrangement of information and reclassification in the financial statements, but it is a challenge to the fundaments of a centrally planned economy to the market economy. It is the moment in which the Companies and the Financial Institutions will have a unique opportunity to reexamine and reorganize their businesses. The adoption of the IFRS is not a choice of different accounting policies; it involves a different system for measuring, recognizing and evidencing of its performance with the international markets. There will be levels of increased transparency for many Companies and Financial Institutions. Adopting the IFRS allows the Companies and Financial Institutions the opportunity of remodeling the business, for example, checking how the KPI´s Key performance indicators are determined and used in the business and in which way the performance of the Companies and Financial Institutions is demonstrated in relation to the competitors from the western hemisphere. When looking towards the transformation countries, the requirement of adopting the IFRS involves a small, although important, universe of companies for what these countries represent in the economic, political, social and historical spheres of the world. Another challenge is the language barrier and also the low relevance in the study of the accounting coming from the period of centrally planned economy. Coming to a conclusion, there is a substantial conformity between CAS standards and the IFRS, as a consequence of the active participation of the Chinese authorities, but the same does not occur with the RAS and the IFRS, although mandatory for some Companies and for the Financial Institutions, due to a political and professional resistances for adoption of these standards in Russia. The Putin and Hu Jintao governments were the periods with greatest advance in the studies on accounting science that seeks to make feasible the adoption of the IFRS in the next years. The debate on the application of two simultaneous methods, the ideographic and the nomothetic, in accounting research is also unveiled Esta tese é a inserção do estudo da Contabilidade Internacional como área do saber das Relações Internacionais. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma pesquisa em Contabilidade Internacional, no âmbito da Rússia e da China, discorrendo-se sobre os seguintes eixos temáticos: a globalização no contexto da contabilidade; a nova agenda da contabilidade; principais características sociais, políticas e culturais; a educação contábil desses dois países e as suas normas e práticas contábeis. Este estudo demonstrou que a irreversibilidade relativa da globalização está imbricada com o direito à propriedade adotado pela Rússia e pela China. Outro fator foi a agenda contábil muito robusta colocada em ação de 1978 a 2008, com emissão de novos pronunciamentos, cujo objetivo foi um alinhamento com o IASB sobre a convergência das IFRS. O nascimento, a consolidação e o desenvolvimento de qualquer sistema social, político e cultural passaram, inevitavelmente, por um processo tortuoso, repleto de sacrifícios e lutas, com êxitos e fracassos. A educação contábil nestes países ainda é um assunto novo. A seu favor há o elevado nível educacional de seus cidadãos, fruto do regime político socialista. Nestes países em transformação a adoção das IFRS não é meramente um exercício técnico envolvendo o reordenamento de informações e reclassificações nas demonstrações financeiras, mas é um desafio aos fundamentos de um modelo de economia planificada à economia de mercado. É o momento em que as Companhias e as Instituições Financeiras terão uma oportunidade ímpar para reexaminar e replanejar sua administração. A adoção das IFRS não é uma escolha de diferentes políticas contábeis; ela envolve um sistema diferente de mensuração, de reconhecimento e evidenciação do seu desempenho com os mercados internacionais. Haverá níveis de transparência aumentados para muitas Companhias e Instituições Financeiras. Adotar as IFRS permite às Companhias e Instituições Financeiras a oportunidade de remodelar os negócios, por exemplo, verificar como os índices de desempenho são determinados e usados nos negócios e de que maneira se demonstra o desempenho das Companhias e das Instituição Financeiras em relação aos concorrentes no Ocidente. Ao olhar para os países em transformação, a exigência de adoção das IFRS envolve um universo pequeno de companhias, porém importante, pelo que estes países representam, nos âmbitos econômico, político, social e histórico do mundo. Um outro desafio é a barreira do idioma e também a baixa relevância no estudo da contabilidade vinda das épocas da economia planificada. Concluindo, há uma substancial conformidade entre as normas CAS e as IFRS, fruto da participação ativa das autoridades chinesas, porém o mesmo não acontece com as RAS e as IFRS, embora obrigatório para algumas Companhias e nas Instituições financeiras, uma vez que na Rússia há resistências políticas e profissionais para adoção dessas normas. Os governos PUTIN e HU JINTAO foram os períodos de maior avanço nos estudos sobre a ciência contábil que procura viabilizar a adoção das IFRS nos próximos anos. Descortina-se também o debate sobre aplicação de dois métodos simultâneos, o idiográfico e o nomotético, na pesquisa contábil

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Lu, Yuyang, and Shaza Sallam. "What Factors Can Influence Consumers’ Intentions to Use Shared Bikes ?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413816.

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The rapid development of sharing economy in the past decade has spawned a number of excellent products such as Airbnb and Uber. As one of the representative products of the sharing economy, the emergence and development of shared bikes are of great significance to the country, the government and citizens. In this context, this study aims to use Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) to investigate the factors influencing consumers’ intentions to use shared bikes. We collected primary data from 268 respondents from different districts as input, finally using SPSS 25.0 to conduct a regression analysis to test 9 antecedent variables and 3 intermediate variables to verify 12 hypotheses. The empirical results indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived joviality and perceived environmental protection have a positive influence on users' attitude towards using while perceived risk has a negative influence; peer influence and superior influence have a positive influence on subjective norm; self-efficacy and resource facilitating condition have a positive influence on perceived behavior control; attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control are positively related to the intentions to use shared bikes. This study provides important and new insights into shared bikes adoption and intentions about consumer behavior.

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Rösing, Tim, and Fatlum Sadrijaj. "The Intention of Consumers to Engage in Digital Food Sharing Platforms : An Analysis and Investigation of the Behavioural Intention from a Consumer Perspective by Extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52508.

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The sharing economy, which has been receiving significant attention from research due to its unprecedented growth in the recent past, is being seen as a potential driving force to transform and rethink society’s unsustainable approach to consumption. Especially, the concept of food sharing as part of the sharing economy is being considered as essential for a more sustainable world and thus aims at counteracting the unsustainable consumption behaviour of individuals. Even though the importance of food sharing concepts for society is undisputed, academia lags extensive research of this domain from a consumer perspective. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavioural intention of consumers to engage and use digital, for profit food sharing platforms in a business to consumer setting to obtain an in-depth understanding of the key determinants by extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Additionally, a cross-cultural comparison has been undertaken to acknowledge the international importance of this field. For the purpose of data collection, an online survey has been conducted. This yielded 4353 responses of which 2995 have been taken into account for the data analysis procedures in SPSS and SmartPLS. The software SmartPLS has been utilized to perform a partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) assessing the measurement as well as structural model including the testing of the proposed hypotheses. Additionally, a multigroup analysis has been performed to investigate behavioural differences between cultures. The empirical findings show that perceived usefulness and attitude are the strongest predictors of the behavioural intention followed by perceived behavioural control, economic benefit as well as subjective norm. Moreover, the attitude of consumers is strongly driven by sustainable considerations and the perceived trust of consumers towards digital food sharing platforms. Lastly, no statistically significant moderating effect could be identified with regards to culture.

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Měřička, Martin. "Transformační proces v České republice ve druhé polovině devadesátých let 20. století." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165482.

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The main objective of my diploma thesis is comprehensive analysis of the transition process in the Czech Republic with focuse on the second half of the nineties of the 20th century. In the first part I briefly analyse transition and privatization process in 1991 - 1996. Emphasis will be given to the selected concept of privatization and criticism. Then in a separate sub-chapter I critically judge the procedure of first and second wave of coupon privatization. The second part will be consist of an analysis of the financial crisis in 1996 - 1997 and I'll mainly deal with its causes and implemented measures. In subsequent chapters of the thesis I'll focus on the question of the so-called third wave of voucher privatization, privatization of banks and the role the National Property Fund and the Consolidation Agency. Chosen subject will be the result of the analysis of published sources, the latest literature and papers. An important part will be also studying of daily press and interviews with some economists, which are published or were in mass media. Finally I will try to get some personal interview with someone of the actors, who's involved in this a complex process.

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Шкіра, А. А., та А. М. Шукіра. "Знаходження оптимального обсягу виробництва". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67750.

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Сучасні умови ринкового господарювання значною мірою відрізняються від умов планової економіки. Для великої кількості українських підприємств є характерною відсутність адекватних умовам ринку інструментів управління виробничою програмою. Необхідність розробки нових механізмів функціонування виробництва та розробки його моделі, роблять проблему ефективного управління та оптимізації виробничої програми підприємства однією з найактуальніших для сучасної української економіки.

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Cruea, Mark Douglas. "The Virtual Hand: Exploring the Societal Effects of Video Game Industry Business Models." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1320430304.

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Rhys, Julian. "Students under Honecker : an examination of responses of students in Berlin, Dresden and Jena to the ideology and politics of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, 1971-1989, with reference to the GDR planned economy, the question of western imp." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322933.

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Svensson, Bengt. "Seven Years That Shook Economic and Social Thinking : Reflections on the Revolution in Communist Economics 1985-1991." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8353.

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The main theme of this study is to analyze the Soviet economic theoretical debate in the period 1985 – 1991. This period of reconstruction gave possibilities of a more free debate. In the period up to 1989/90 the directive from the Central Committee of the Communist Party was to defend the socialist economic system and its supremacy over market economics. However, certain market economic ideas were deemed as functioning methods also in a planned economic system. One of the conclusions in this thesis is that the Soviet economists failed to solve some central theoretical problems in the Soviet economy and as consequence their thinking failed to have a stabilizing effect on the socialist economic theory. The Achilles heel was how to apply the labour theory of value on a planned economy. In 1990 and 1991 the discussion was very free and now a transition to market economy was accepted by the economists. The main issue between the Soviet economists became now whether a gradual transition to market economy was to be preferred to shock therapy. The majority of the economists recommended a gradual transition. Scholars have emphasized that old stationary structures are important in Russian and Soviet history. A conclusion in this thesis is that such structures seemed to have played a role in Soviet and Russian theoretical thinking in the period 1985 – 1991.

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Han, Junyu. "L'évolution historique de la politique monétaire chinoise." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED009.

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Au cours des six dernières décennies, la Chine a connu un passage d’une économie planifiée à une économie de marché. Durant la même période, un changement profond a eu lieu dans les instruments et la mise en œuvre de la politique monétaire. Cependant, jusqu’à présent, la politique monétaire chinoise se distingue considérablement de celui des économies de marché développées. Durant la période de l’économie planifiée, la Chine a adopté le système de la banque unique et le système de gestion des crédits hautement centralisée. Ces systèmes permettait à la Banque populaire de Chine (la BPC) de contrôler directement le volume d’émission de liquidités et les transferts bancaires par le plan de liquidités et le plan de crédit afin d’ajuster les agrégats monétaires. Durant la période de la transition économique, la Chine a progressivement abandonné son système de la banque unique. Néanmoins, la BPC n’était pas encore une banque centrale véritablement indépendante, parce qu’elle conservait une partie de ses opérations de financement direct à l’appui du développement des agents non-financiers. Même si la BPC a commencé à employer les leviers indirects pour ajuster la dynamique monétaire, elle a continué à mettre en œuvre les instruments d’ajustement direct. En 1994, année où la Chine a entamé des réformes économiques plus importantes, a été établi un système de la banque centrale véritablement indépendant, qui a ensuite été amélioré en 1998. La BPC a exercé, de façon exclusive, les fonctions d’une banque centrale et a mis en œuvre sa politique monétaire principalement à travers des instruments d’ajustement indirect. Cependant, la BPC n’a pas totalement abandonné l’usage du contrôle administratif direct sur les agrégats de crédits. L’autorité monétaire chinoise renforce progressivement le contrôle des activités du système bancaire parallèle, la centralisation de la politique monétaire et son efficacité depuis 2014, par peur de la hausse du levier financier et de l’endettement élevé Over the past six decades, China has experienced an institutional change from a planned to a market economy. During the same period, an in-depth change in the instruments and implementation of China’s monetary policy has occurred. However, until now, China’s monetary policy retains considerable differences compared with that of developed market economies. During the planned economy period, China adopted a mono-banking system and a highly centralized credit management system. Under a mono-banking system, the People’s Bank of China (PBC) could directly control the issuance volumes of cash and bank transfers by means of the cash plan and the credit plan to adjust monetary aggregates. During the economic transition period, China gradually abandoned the mono-banking system. However, the PBC still did not become a truly independent central bank because it retained part of its direct financing operations in support of non-financial agents’ development. Although the PBC began to employ indirect levers to adjust monetary dynamics, it continued to implement the monetary policy principally by means of direct adjustment instruments. Since China’s accession into wider economic reforms in 1994, a truly independent central banking system was established and eventually improved in 1998. The PBC has exclusively exercised the functions of a central bank and implemented its monetary policy principally by means of indirect adjustment instruments; however, it did not fully abandon the use of direct administrative controls over credit aggregates. Out of fear for rising financial leverage and high indebtedness (in particular of non-financial corporations), since 2014 China’s monetary authority gradually enhanced the monitoring of shadow banking activities, and thereby the centralization and effectiveness of monetary policy

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Buch, Julia, and Jakob Trenk. "Furniture rental – the new way to consume furniture? : Attitudes and intentions to choose furniture rental as an alternative consumption model." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52680.

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Background: Fast furniture is a growing trend similar to fast fashion and fast food, implying that manufacturers produce large quantities of inexpensive furniture. At the same time, consumers use the furniture shorter and replace it more frequently. Fast furniture relies on high resource consumption, outsourced production, and furniture design that makes it necessary to replace it more often. This causes a decrease in quality and an increase in produced quantities. Most of the furniture worldwide is landfilled as it is not recyclable due to low-quality materials. One potential solution is implementing Circular Economic practices, including furniture rental as an alternative way of consumption. Consumer acceptance of this model is scarcely researched, but the formation of consumers' attitudes and intentions has been the subject of publications in other consumption contexts. The recent literature is reviewed, and a research framework was built based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and additional intrapersonal barriers and drivers. Purpose: This research aimed to explain the relationship between intrapersonal barriers and drivers with attitude and behavioral intention towards furniture rental. Further, it was aimed to show which furniture categories are most likely to be rented. Method: A quantitative approach deploying a self-administered online survey was chosen. 235 usable responses were gathered, which were analyzed using PLS-SEM to assess the hypothesized relationships. Conclusion: The findings show that the overall attitude towards furniture rental is positive. Trend orientation and perceived risk are the most influential antecedents of attitude and behavioral intention. Supporting the Theory of Reasoned Action, attitude is the strongest predictor of behavioral intention. Perceived sustainability value, perceived economic value, and materialism also significantly influence the intention to rent furniture. Familiarity with the Sharing Economy shows no significant influence. The study contributes to the existing literature on consumer intentions to use alternative consumption. A new research model was developed based on existing theory and literature. Managers can use the findings to alter, adapt, and build their furniture rental service offerings.

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Holguin, Emilsen Salazar. "Strategies Functional Managers Use to Control Cyberloafing Behaviors." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2604.

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Computer technologies have increased the opportunities for employees to engage in cyberloafing by using the Internet at work for personal purposes. Uncontrolled cyberloafing is a threat to organizational effectiveness because it affects organizational productivity. The purpose of this single case study was to explore successful strategies functional managers use to control cyberloafing behaviors of their employees at an e-learning organization located in the northeastern United States. The theory of planned behavior, which emphasized behavioral, normative, and control beliefs as key elements to predict individuals' intentions to behave was the conceptual framework. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews with 11 functional managers and an exploration of organizational policies, procedures, and handbooks. Data analysis included examination of word frequencies, keyword coding, and theme identification. Using Yin's 5 steps for data analysis, 3 themes emerged: create engaging jobs, communicate clear expectations, and promote a positive work environment. Functional managers in the e-learning organization in this study may control cyberloafing by ensuring that social norms convey disapproval, combining deterrence policies and performance metrics; and showing attitudes that promote citizenship behaviors. The implications for positive social change include the potential to provide the e-learning organization in this study with best practices that support employees' needs for work-life balance, thus promoting employee satisfaction while maximizing employee productivity. As a result, the findings of this study can decrease stress, increase morale and positively impact the overall well-being of the organization's workforce.

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Pritchard, Olivia. "The Effects of Planned Parenthood Clinics on Women's Health and Economic Development." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1300.

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Women’s health is measured by many standards and is governed by countless laws. Abortion is one of the most highly-contested medical practices and is also crucial to women’s health and economic development. Planned Parenthood is criticized for providing abortions and as a result is often overlooked for the many other medical services it provides. This paper aims to study the effect Planned Parenthood clinics have on women’s health and economic development at the county level. Data was collected for an overview of all fifty states and for the two most populous counties per state. Planned Parenthood centers tend to be located in areas with a higher percentage of women who are uninsured and need public funding assistance. Statistically significant results from two linear regressions also show that the percentage of clients using publicly funded clinics that are Planned Parenthood clinics is negatively correlated with teen birth rates and positively correlated with the percentage of females over 25 years of age with a bachelor’s degree. It is critical that lawmakers understand the importance and effects of clinics like Planned Parenthood on women’s health and productivity.

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Van, der Merwe Schalk Willem Jacobus. "Local and sub-regional socio-economic and environmental impact of large-scale resort development." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1658.

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Lisiecki, Georg. "Constraints on intra-industry trade between market and planned economies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670297.

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Barros, Junior Fernando Antonio de. "Inflation when the planner wants less spending." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11600.

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Submitted by Fernando Antônio de Barros Júnior (fernando.junior@fgvmail.br) on 2014-03-17T14:31:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_final.pdf: 416302 bytes, checksum: 42bb00304953a814c57d6ada5116013d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2014-04-04T19:26:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_final.pdf: 416302 bytes, checksum: 42bb00304953a814c57d6ada5116013d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2014-04-09T14:53:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_final.pdf: 416302 bytes, checksum: 42bb00304953a814c57d6ada5116013d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-09T14:54:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_final.pdf: 416302 bytes, checksum: 42bb00304953a814c57d6ada5116013d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-12 I study optima in a random-matching model of outside money. The examples in this paper show a conflict between private and collective interests. While the planner worry about the extensive and intensive margin effects of trades in a steady state, people want the exhaust the gains from trades immediately, i.e., once in a meeting, consumers prefer spend more for a better output than take the risk of saving money and wait for good meetings in the future. Thus, the conflict can force the planner to choose allocations with a more disperse money distribution, mainly if people are im- patient. When the patient rate is low enough, the planner uses a expansionary policy to generate a better distribution of money for future trades.

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Chindo, Murtala Ibraheem. "An examination of the socio-economic and environmental impact of planned oil sands development in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10125.

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Nigeria became a mono-product economy through its heavy reliance on crude oil for export and revenue. As a result of oil price volatility and the need to increase national revenue and public spending, the Nigerian government has adopted a policy of diversification to non-oil minerals. This study focuses on oil sands that are considered second only to oil in terms of economic potential. This policy also means that Nigeria is moving towards finite resource and a dirtier form of crude oil. A national analysis of non-oil mineral activity using a GIS indicates that exploration, mining and quarrying are widespread; a potentially positive outcome for national mineral development. The government however, is failing to take into account the impact of this activity on communities and ecosystems overlapping or lying proximal to mining licences. A case study indicates that oil sands exploitation can have a positive impact on the host communities through infrastructure development, which can trigger small businesses, job opportunities and increased income. Despite these benefits, there are fears of environmental degradation, displacements, loss of communal lands and means of livelihood. Already, the long delays in the development of oil sands are fuelling anger, deprivation, land grabs and pollution, and worst of all, ever-deeper underdevelopment of these „conditional resource communities’, which is aggravating the resource curse. For the oil sands projects to be feasible, beneficial and sustainable, Nigeria’s quest for resource wealth must integrate economic growth, social equity and ecological integrity at this planning stage. The thesis makes original contributions to determining resource communities and to the cumulative body of knowledge on the potential impacts of resource development on host communities in a rent-seeking economy like Nigeria.

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Nelson, Robert Nicholas. "Economic Mobility into the Planter Class in Texas, 1846-1860." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103363/.

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This study examines upward economic mobility into the planter class in Texas during the antebellum statehood period, 1846-1860. Using quantitative methods to analyze data from census and tax records, this study addresses several questions regarding the property owning experience of Texas planters. Did any of the 1860 planters, men or women, rise to that status from another class? If so, how many rose from small slaveholder or small planter origins, and how many advanced from plain folk origins? In what ways did the amount and nature of wealth of these individuals change in the period studied? In what ways do these findings provide insights into the debate over planter dominance versus ‘plain folk’ inclusive herrenvolk democracy and the relationship between the planters and the other classes? Did the experiences of female planters differ from that of male planters? Did female planter experiences in Texas differ from female planters in other parts of the Old South? The results of these questions demonstrate that economic class mobility into the richest class was significant but limited and that women’s experiences were closely tied to those of male kin.

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Lagos, Uribe Jimena, and Donoso Karen Moreno. "Planes colectivos de ahorro 401 (K)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2003. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/108223.

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La motivación de nuestro trabajo surge en respuesta a la necesidad de plantear un complemento al sistema de pensiones obligatorio existente en Chile, con el fin de mejorar las pensiones al momento de la jubilación de todos los trabajadores. Actualmente en Chile el mecanismo de ahorro complementario es el Ahorro Provisional Voluntario, el cual presenta ventajas de exención tributaria. Sin embargo, creemos que es necesario implementar un sistema al alcanza de una mayor cantidad de personas, de modo de tener algún mejoramiento al fondo previsional. Por esto, el propósito de nuestro trabajo busca verificar si una nueva alternativa de ahorro voluntario permitiría incrementar la eficiencia en la administración de los fondos de pensiones en las instituciones autorizadas, como Bancos, Aseguradoras, AFP, etc. y mejorar a su vez la calidad de vida de aquellos trabajadores que han finalizado su vida laboral en comparación al sistema que actualmente existe. Con este fin, analizaremos los planes de ahorro 401(K) existentes en Estados Unidos desde 1981 y cómo sería su aplicación en nuestro país considerando el futuro proyecto de ley de planes de ahorro previsional voluntario colectivo. Para esto, realizamos un ejercicio de simulación que pretende dar una visión respecto de cómo operaria este plan en nuestro país

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Udroiu, Cristina. "Lean Construction applicerat på betongkonstruktion : The Last Planner och visuell metodik för reducering av produktionstidsvariationer." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34880.

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Bakgrunden till detta examensarbete är byggföretagens utmaningar med att bedriva byggprojekt där nya och unika objekt skall konstrueras, med många nya förutsättningar och allt som oftast även en ny sammansättning av personalstyrkan. Ett gemensamt behov för dessa byggprojekt är att effektivt kunna hantera en mängd av olika och nya variationer. Oden anläggningsentreprenad AB presenterade ett problem gällande oönskade variationer av produktionstider för betongmonoliter som innefattar mycket repetitiva arbetsmoment. Examensarbetets syfte blev att besvara följande frågor: Vilka är faktorerna som påverkar variationer i produktionstiden vid bygget av betongmonoliter? Vilka är lösningarna till att reducera faktorerna som negativt påverkar produktionstiden? Hur ska de nya lösningarna implementeras? I examensarbetet har teorier kring lean production, lean construction, organisationsförändring och betongkonstruktioner undersökts. Det empiriska materialet har hämtats genom att författaren deltagit i produktionen och fört en fältdagbok över dagliga problem som produktionspersonal påtalat. En annan del av empirin har hämtats från en workshop där produktionspersonal kartlagt processer och aktiviteter samt dess mest optimala ordningsföljd. På workshopen har även en kartläggning av ansvarsfördelningen för aktiviteterna utförts. Problemen från fältdagboken har kategoriserats och de fyra största kategorierna blev planering, kommunikation, materialhantering och logistik samt ansvarsfördelning. Efter analys av problemen, och med stöd av lean construction teorier, har lösningsförslagen givits att införa nya rutiner innan projektens produktionsstart samt att använda planeringsmetoden The Last Planner kompletterat med visuella metoder. Vid en implementering av förslagen ges även förslag om aspekter att ta hänsyn till gällande förändringsagenter och motståndshantering. Examensarbetets slutsats är att innehållet i det empiriska materialet pekat ut de faktorer som skapar oönskade variationer i produktionstiderna. Lösningsförslagen som byggts på det empiriska materialet samt stödet från lean construction teorierna anses ge goda möjligheter till att minska variationerna i produktionstiderna för betongmonoliter. The background to this thesis is the construction companies’ challenges to engage in construction projects where new and unique objects are to be constructed, with many new conditions and quite often even with a new composition of the workforce. A common need for these construction projects is the need to effectively manage a variety of new and different variations. Oden anläggningsentreprenad AB presented a problem regarding unwanted variations in production times in the construction of concrete monoliths, which include highly repetitive tasks. The purpose of the thesis was to answer the following questions: Which are the factors that affect fluctuations in production time during the construction of concrete monoliths? Which are the solutions to reducing the factors that negatively affect production time? How should the new solutions be implemented? A study has been made of theories in lean production, lean construction, organizational change and concrete structures. The empirical data has been gathered by participating in the daily production, and by maintaining a field diary of daily problems that the production staff brought to the authors attention. Another part of the empirical data has been gathered from a workshop where the production staff identified processes and activities and placed them in their most optimal order. A mapping of responsibilities for the activities was also made at this workshop. The problems from the field diary have been categorized and the four largest categories were planning, communication, material handling and logistics, and responsibilities. After an analysis of the problems, and with the support of lean construction theory, some solutions have been proposed which is to introduce new routines before the start of production in new projects and to use the planning method called The Last Planner supplemented by visual aids. With the purpose of implementing the new solutions a proposal is provided with aspects on change agents and management of resistance to changes. The conclusions of this thesis are that the empirical evidence has identified the factors that create unwanted variations in production times. The solutions that are proposed are based on the empirical evidence and the support of lean construction theories. Therefore it provides the opportunities needed to reduce the variations in production times for concrete monoliths.

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43

Zahedi, Siamak. "Quantifying external cost of air pollution and GHG emissions from private road transport in Catalonia using theory of planned behavior and contingent valuation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667317.

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Internalizing environmental externalities is a market-driven approach to correcting people's private costs and benefits. One way of quantifying these externalities is estimating people’s willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce those externalities. To better understand the determinants of this WTP, we use the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This theory is a commonly used approach for predicting behavioral and pro-environmental intentions. Our study focuses on air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from private road transport. We gathered survey data from 406 residents of Catalonia to explore the relationships among the psychological factors determining willingness to pay to quantify the mentioned externalities. We expanded the TPB by adding as antecedent Environmental Concern (EC) prior to the theory's three main factors (Attitude, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control). Next, we used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze structural relationship between the proposed model constructs. The results of our study show that environmental concern is positively related to the three main factors of TPB. Our model accounts for most of the variation of WTP (R-squared is 94.7%). Moreover, the results also revealed that a majority of the respondents in Catalonia (61.57%) are willing to pay to reduce air pollution and GHG emissions from private road transport. The results of the estimation of the logit model for the overall user sample, revealed that the mean WTP is 64.47€ for implementing plan “L” and 120.17€ for implementing plan “H” regarding the hypothetical scenario of the study Internalizar las externalidades ambientales de las actividades humanas es un enfoque impulsado por el mercado para corregir los costos y beneficios privados de las personas. Una forma de cuantificar estas externalidades es estimar la voluntad de pago (VDP) de las personas para reducir dichas externalidades. Para entender mejor los determinantes de esta DAP, hemos utilizado la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TCP). Esta teoría es un método que se usa normalmente para predecir el comportamiento y las intenciones pro-ambientales humanas. Nuestro estudio se centra en la contaminación del aire y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) del transporte privado por carretera. Hemos recogido datos de una encuesta realizada a 406 residentes de Cataluña para explorar las relaciones entre los factores psicológicos que determinan la voluntad de pago para cuantificar las externalidades mencionadas. Hemos ampliado el TCP añadiendo como antecedente la Preocupación Ambiental (EC) antes de los tres factores principales de la teoría (Actitud, Normas Subjetivas y Control del Comportamiento Percibido). Luego, hemos utilizado el Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE) para analizar la relación estructural entre los constructos del modelo propuesto. Los resultados de nuestro estudio muestran que la preocupación medioambiental está relacionada positivamente con los tres factores principales de la TCP. Nuestro modelo representa la mayor parte de la varianza de la VDP (R2 es 94,7%). Además, los resultados también han revelado que la mayoría de los encuestados en Cataluña (61,57%) están dispuestos a pagar para reducir la contaminación atmosférica y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero del transporte privado por carretera. La estimación del modelo logístico para la muestra global de usuarios ha dado como resultado que la VDP media es 64,47€ para la ejecución del plan "L" y 120,17€ para la ejecución del plan "H" en el escenario hipotético del estudio.

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Kamoie, Laura Croghan. "Three generations of planter -businessmen: The Tayloes, slave labor, and entrepreneurialism in Virginia, 1710-1830." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623966.

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This study analyzes the entrepreneurial estate-building activities of three generations of the Tayloe family of Virginia from the 1710s to the 1820s. The three John Tayloes were model planter-businessmen---that is, they combined mixed commercial agriculture with a variety of business enterprises in an effort to secure long-term financial security and social status for themselves and their heirs. This diversified approach to plantation management characterized early Virginia's "culture of progress"---an early American business culture interpreted in many different ways throughout the colonies (and later the states) that had the pursuit of a better life as its organizing premise.;The Tayloes were not alone in their ironmaking, shipbuilding, land speculation, investing, and craft-service activities. Instead, the three generations of Tayloe planter-businessmen represent the activities, approaches, and values of the elite planter class of early Virginia.;For each of the Tayloes, slave labor served as the fundamental resource for successful enterprise. The presence of large populations of enslaved African Americans enabled the Tayloes and other planters to branch out from staple agriculture and ultimately necessitated that they continue to do so. Slaves demonstrated their abilities, became central to the daily operations of the South's business culture, and made the enterprises planters founded profitable.;Planter-businessmen as individuals founded businesses that were usually complementary in some way to their holdings in land and slaves. Recognizing the potentially dangerous fluctuations of the tobacco market, planters were apt to attempt new endeavors in good times and bad and rarely abandoned new businesses simply because the tobacco market rebounded. They kept their finger on the pulse of the market, braved risk, and attempted to keep up with the latest technology. Planters' non-tobacco activities provided an important buffer between the uncontrollable weather, shipping, and prices associated with tobacco agriculture and their family's future security. The institution of slavery certainly placed some structural limits on planters' entrepreneurial imaginations. However, whether compared against northern farmer-businessmen prior to the antebellum period or set against the definitions of Virginia's own slave society, early southern planter-businessmen exhibited rational and progressive economic behavior.

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45

Irvine, Margaret Hillian. "A critical investigation of a planned organisation change initiative within an educational institution in the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003360.

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South Africa is living is turbulent times at present. Non-government educational organisations are challenged by changes in education policy and by scarcity of donor funding for their work. This study focuses on the management of organisation change in a non-government organisation (NGO) working in rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. I undertook the research to gain a clearer understanding of the management of organisational change. I used a third-wave change management approach, the future search conference, to conduct the process of change with the NGO. It focuses on the positive aspects of the organisation, its potential and its desired future. I conducted both the study and the future search conference as participatory action research, which involved the participants in the cycles of planning, action, observation and reflection and thus built ownership of the solutions they generated. I used the accounts of the activities arising from the future search conference, minutes of meetings, semistructured interviews and observation of behaviour to gather data. I analysed the data using triangulation, and in particular, space triangulation, to minimise the impact of the differences in culture and language use in the facilitator and participants. Analysis of the data collected revealed in the NGO that change and transformation are slow processes requiring ongoing support from the OD consultant. The staff defined organisational effectiveness, the goal of organisational change initiatives, in terms of fundraising ability. This ability embraces many of the qualities of a learning organisation and open systems thinking, two requirements for successful organisational change. In the NGO both organisation development and transformation were processes as well as products, and changes could not easily be measured until after the processes were completed. Organisational culture, and in particular the juxtaposition of the values of the organisation and staff and those of its partners and clients, played an important role in transformation. The differences lay in a ‘being’ and a ‘task’ orientation and the staff’s responsibility lay in building connections between the two. The staff received the approach of the future search conference well and there was an equally good fit between the future search conference and participatory action research. This needs to be investigated further with regard to change management in South African organisations.

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Zarate, Orihuela Carlo Alexis, and Panduro Frans Erixson Becerra. "Plan de negocios para implementar una empresa de servicios de delivery bajo el concepto de economía colaborativa." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/2206.

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El plan de negocios contendrá todas las consideraciones cualitativas y cuantitativas para constituir y desarrollar una empresa de servicios de delivery enfocada al público en general de Lima Metropolitana, con posibilidades futuras de escalamiento a nivel nacional. Los ingresos de la empresa serán generados a través del cobro por tarifa (km de recorrido) por los servicios que los clientes demanden por medio de la plataforma tecnológica. Los servicios de delivery serán atendidos por personas independientes, que se encuentren previamente afiliadas a la plataforma de la empresa Telollevo, bajo los requisitos necesarios para asegurar una excelente experiencia a los clientes. Los afiliados deben contar con un smartphone y una motocicleta, además serán certificados en calidad y servicio al cliente y tendrán los incentivos necesarios para asegurar la mejor experiencia al cliente. Los clientes podrán realizar sus solicitudes de delivery a través de la web o de sus smartphones, por los cuales tendrán la posibilidad de acceder al estado de sus repartos. Para la puesta en marcha del presente proyecto se requiere de una inversión aproximada de a S/ 689.364 principalmente para cubrir intangibles, como la plataforma tecnológica (compuesta por una app, página web, redes sociales) por donde se recibirán las solicitudes de servicio. Además, incluye capital de trabajo para cubrir, por lo menos, un año de gastos de personal y gastos administrativos. La recuperación de la inversión se espera en el largo plazo (cinco años). A partir del quinto año se espera que la utilidad neta sobre las ventas sea mayor al 15%.

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South, Andrew J. "Unintended Social and Economic Consequences Resulting from the Implementation of New Construction Technologies in the Developing World." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2807.

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One of the key components of international development is to provide adequate shelter for citizens of developing countries. This is often accomplished by governmental, non- governmental, and private organizations that seek to lower the cost, increase the quality, and expand the availability of safe, sustainable housing through the use of innovative technologies. These new technologies can affect the social and/or economic structure within communities. This paper is a case study resulting from the construction of a seventy-one-home village, including infrastructure, near Yogyakarta, Indonesia by a foreign, aid-based non-governmental organization (NGO). The village was relocated less than two kilometers from its original site after a massive landslide, triggered by the 2006 earthquakes of Central Java, virtually destroyed the entire community. Four years after construction the researcher took an inductive inquiry approach through interviews with residents of the community and residents of neighboring communities to understand the social and economic impacts. The research project explored the unintended consequences to the community resulting from the NGO's use of innovative housing technologies (steel reinforced concrete domes and planned community development) without a thorough understanding of underlying community culture and interactions.

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Sandy, Laura. "Between planter and slave : the social and economic role of plantation overseers in Virginia and South Carolina, 1740-1790." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713524.

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EHRLICH, FABIO. "OPPORTUNITIES OF RIO DE JANEIRO MEETING PLANNERS ALLIANCES FOR TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE DESTINATION S SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19250@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO A indústria do turismo iniciou seu processo de profissionalização no Brasil no início da década de 1990. Desde então, o setor vem buscando o aprimoramento das ações de planejamento estratégico e de marketing, assim como a melhoria da infraestrutura de localidades específicas no país, com o intuito de torná-las destinos turísticos indutores para o país. A cidade do Rio de Janeiro é vista como destino referência, tanto para o turismo de lazer quanto para o turismo de negócios, sobretudo devido ao fato de vir a sediar, nos próximos anos, grandes eventos esportivos, como a Copa do Mundo, em 2014 e as Olimpíadas, em 2016. Entretanto, a literatura acadêmica oferece um material escasso acerca da indústria do turismo sob uma abordagem estratégica. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação visou identificar oportunidades de desenvolvimento sócio-econômico para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, geradas por meio da indústria do turismo, e, em particular, aquelas alavancadas pelas alianças estratégicas realizadas por empresas organizadoras de eventos corporativos, no segmento de turismo de negócios. Para tanto, buscou-se compreender o papel dessas empresas enquanto atores centrais na rede de turismo do destino estudado. Além disso, a pesquisa adotou o arcabouço de análise estratégica Global SNA (MACEDO-SOARES, 2011) para o exame do grupo estratégico de empresas definido e do setor de eventos como um dos stakeholders da indústria turística, ferramenta esta que se mostrou fundamental para o entendimento de aspectos relevantes do setor. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram o potencial destas empresas na geração de oportunidades de novos empregos para a população local e na promoção do destino, por meio das alianças, principalmente com organizações de classe, fornecedores e entidades governamentais. The tourism industry has started its professionalization process in Brazil in the early 90ths. Thereafter, the sector has been seeking an improvement on strategic planning, marketing and better structuring of specific locations in the country, in order to transform them into major tourist destinations. Rio de Janeiro city is seen as a reference destination, both for leisure and business tourism, and particularly due to the fact that it shall soon host great sports events, such as the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympic Games in 2016. However, there are only a few academic materials that focus tourism industry under strategic aspects. Accordingly, this work seeks to identify opportunities of social-economic development for Rio de Janeiro city arising from tourism industry, and particularly those enhanced through strategic alliances done by business event organizing companies, in the segment of tourism business. For such a purpose, it was sought to understand the role of these companies as main stakeholders in the tourism network of the destination. Moreover, the research used Global SNA Framework model (MACEDO-SOARES, 2011) to analyze the strategic group of companies and the events sector among the stakeholders of tourism industry, which has shown to be relevant for a better understanding of the area. The results there from disclosed the potential of these companies in the generation of opportunities to create new jobs to local population, mostly through alliances with professional entities, suppliers and governmental entities.

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McMaster, Rose, University of Western Sydney, and School of Health and Nursing. "Not falling off the planet : womens' experiences of recovery after a heart attack and cardiac rehabilitation." THESIS_XXX_SHN_McMaster_R.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/281.

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Heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in industrialised countries. There have been major changes in world wide population demographics with an increase in heart disease in those over sixty five years of age. The incidence of coronary heart disease in women increases with age. There has been little research into cardiovascular disease in women; treatment and rehabilitation programs have mainly been focused towards men and their needs. The population for this study consisted of women who had a heart attack for the first time, and who had attended cardiac rehabilitation. The sample was therefore purposeful, to include women who had experienced the phenomenon being studied. Six women, ranging in age from fifty five to sixty seven were interviewed. A combination of methods was incorporated to analyse the women's experiences and to organise the data. Four major themes emerged from the data: loss of autonomy; coping ; role changes and expectations; and changed relationships. The loss of autonomy felt by these women incorporated feelings of restrictions, dependence, loss of control and loss of self. The theme of role changes and expectations incorporated impediement of role and different roles. The last theme explored was changed relationships and incorporated thinking of others, family involvement and guilt and anger versus gratitude. Implications of the research include restructuring education and counselling programs to suit women's needs, evaluation of cardiac programs, recognition of family and friend's involvement in the recovery process. There needs to be encouragement of open communication between all concerned about problems coping with roles, expectations, limitations and family involvement. Suggestions for future research include a larger study being attended, with different sociocultural, economic and age group participants. Family and friend's involvement and viewpoint into the recovery process and cardiac rehabilitation would also help enrich health professionals' knowledge base. Master of Nursing (Hons)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Planned economy'

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