Dissertations / Theses: 'Planned experiment'

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Drábková, Veronika. "Optimalizace výrobního procesu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232119.

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This master´s thesis is aimed at the strategy and implementation of DOE (planned experiment) and QFD (quality function deployment) in business. There are described about these methods. It deals with their use for a given problem. The last section provides a possible procedure in the enterprise.

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Cabaniss, Amy Dyer. "Message Matters: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Increase Household Hazardous Waste Program Participation." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1414697787.

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Almeida, Tatiane Nunes Viana de. "Intenção de compra de um produto eletrônico e comentários online: um experimento na Internet." Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18896.

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Em um ambiente extremamente competitivo, muitas empresas lançam novos produtos de forma sistemática com o intuito de obter um diferencial perante seus concorrentes. Todavia, o excesso de opções no mercado pode confundir e sobrecarregar o consumidor que deseja adquirir um novo produto. Neste contexto, a comunicação boca a boca online surge como uma forma de superar a assimetria de informação ao descrever os atributos do produto em termos de situações de uso, mensurando sua qualidade sob o ponto de vista do usuário, diminuindo o risco do consumidor. Assim, esta tese tem como objetivo geral analisar empiricamente um modelo téorico, baseado na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado, que relacione a atitude em relação à marca, a confiança na marca, o controle comportamental percebido, a norma subjetiva e intenção de compra de um produto eletrônico, em contextos em que os consumidores se deparam com comentários online positivos e negativos. A influência deste tipo de comunicação boca a boca na intenção de compra, em contextos de baixo e alto envolvimento, também foi verificada. O método de pesquisa adotado foi o experimental, sendo o delineamento estudo de grupo de controle pré-teste/pós-teste, com esquema fatorial 2 x 3. A amostra final válida foi de 690 alunos de IES de Salvador/BA. A abordagem de pesquisa foi quantitativa e foram utilizados métodos da estatística descritiva, análise fatorial, teste t e modelagem de equações struturais para a análise dos dados. Os resultaram comprovaram que os comentários online influenciam a intenção de compra, sendo que o maior efeito foi verificado em relação as informações positivas. Os indivíduos com baixo envolvimento foram mais influenciados pelos comentáriosonline positivos, enquanto que os com alto envolvimento foram mais impactados pelos comentários online negativos. Em relação ao modelo teórico, foi incluído um construto de segunda ordem, denominado fatores motivacionais da intenção de compra, responsável pela maior variação na intenção de compra em todos os modelos analisados. Os fatores de ordem pessoal – confiança na marca e atitude em relação à marca – foram os que apresentaram maior impacto na formação do construto de segunda ordem e também os que, de forma indireta, explicaram a maior variação na intenção de compra em todos os modelos analisados. De uma forma geral, os resultados apontam para a necessidade de as empresas investirem em marcas fortes e confiáveis, dedicando maior atenção às estratégias de comunicação e à manutenção de relacionamentos de longo prazo com seus clientes. Não obstante, ressalta-se que os comentários online não devem ser negligenciados. In an extremely competitive environment, many companies launch new products in a systematic way in order to get a differential to its competitors. However, the excess of options in the market can confuse and overwhelm consumers who wish to purchase a new product. In this context,electronic word-of-mouth appears as a way to overcome information asymmetry in describing the attributes of the product in terms of situations, measuring its quality from the user's point of view, reducing the consumer's risk. Thus, this thesis has the general objective to empirically analyze a theoretical model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, which relates the attitude toward the brand, trust in the brand, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm and purchase intent of an electronics products, in contexts where consumers are faced with positive and negative online consumers reviews. The influence of this type of word-of-mouth communication in purchase intent, contexts of below and high involvement, was also checked. The research method adopted was the experimental, and the study design pretest control group before-test/post-test with factorial 2 x 3. The valid final sample was of 690 students from Universities at Salvador/BA. The research approach was quantitative and were used methods of descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test and structural equation modeling to analyze the data. The result proved that the online consumers reviews influence purchase intent, with the greatest effect it was checked against the positive information. Individuals with low involvement were more influenced by the positive online consumers reviews, while with high involvement were most impacted by the negative online consumers reviews. Regarding the theoretical model, it was included a second-order construct, called motivational factors of intent to purchase, accounted for most variation in purchase intent in all the analyzed models. The factors of personal order - trust in the brand and attitude toward the brand - presented the main contribution to the second-order construct and also those who, indirectly, explained most variation in purchase intent for all models analyzed. In general, the results point to the need for companies to invest in strong and trusted brands, devoting more attention to communication strategies and maintaining long-term relationships with their customers. However, the online consumers reviews should not be overlooked.

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Le, Coënt Philippe. "Agri-environmental schemes : behavorial insights and innovative designs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD006/document.

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La politique agro-environnementale de l’Union Européenne s’appuie fortement sur des incitations financières, les Contrats Agro-Environnementaux (CAE), pour stimuler l’adoption par les agriculteurs de pratiques respectueuses de l’environnement. Selon l’hypothèse de rationalité économique, les agriculteurs adoptent ces contrats si les paiements couvrent leurs coûts d’opportunité. Toutefois, l’Économie comportementale considère que des facteurs psychologiques pourraient intervenir dans cette décision. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer le rôle des facteurs comportementaux dans l’adoption des CAE. Dans le chapitre 1, nous utilisons un modèle de psychologie sociale, la Théorie du Comportement Planifié, pour mesurer le poids de ces facteurs dans la décision d’adopter un CAE pour la réduction de l’utilisation de pesticides. L’enquête révèle que les agriculteurs sont à la fois influencés par des motivations économiques classiques et par les normes (sociales et personnelles). Dans le chapitre 2, nous étudions plus en détails le rôle des normes. A travers un modèle théorique, nous mettons en évidence que ces normes peuvent faciliter ou faire obstacle à l’adoption de CAE. Une enquête web nous permet de confirmer l’importance des normes sociales injonctives et des normes personnelles. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous analysons les performances de dispositifs innovants et comment ces performances sont influencées par les facteurs comportementaux. Dans le chapitre 3, pour traiter le problème des seuils environnementaux, nous testons avec une expérimentation économique un contrat dont le paiement est conditionné à une participation collective des agriculteurs. Ce contrat se révèle plus efficace et efficient que les CAE classiques. Les deux derniers chapitres traitent d’une nouvelle application des CAE à la compensation écologique. A partir d’une enquête, nous identifions dans le chapitre 4 les facteurs qui influencent la participation à ce type de contrats ainsi que des problèmes d’efficacité et d’efficience. Dans le chapitre 5, nous montrons à partir d’une expérience de choix, que les agriculteurs, notamment les plus sensibles à l’environnement, sont sensibles à la manière dont est formulée l’objectif d’un CAE : ils préfèrent des contrats dont l’objectif est la préservation de la biodiversité, plutôt que la compensation de pertes de biodiversité. Nous concluons en insistant sur la complémentarité entre les instruments traditionnels et comportementaux dans la politique environnementale
The agri-environmental policy of the European Union strongly relies on financial incentives provided through Agri-envrionmental Schemes (AES) to stimulate farmers’ adoption of pro-environmental practices. A rational economic assumption is that farmers enroll if they are paid enough to cover their opportunity costs. However, behavioral economics consider that psychologic factors may be involved in this decision. The first aim of this thesis is to determine the role of behavioral factors in AES adoption. Chapter 1 uses a social-psychology model, the Theory of Planned Behavior, to measure the weight of behavioral factors in farmers’ decision to enroll in a pesticide-reduction AES. The survey reveals that farmers are both driven by traditional economic motivations and norms (social and personal). Chapter 2 studies in more details the role of norms. A theoretical model reveals that social norms may either hamper or facilitate the participation in AES and a web-survey, confirms the importance of social injunctive norms and personal norms. In the second part of the thesis, we analyze the performance of innovative designs and how it may be affected by behavioral factors. In chapter 3, to address cases of environmental threshold, we test with an economic experiment a contract in which payment is conditioned to collective farmers’ participation. This contract appears to be more effective and efficient than traditional AES. The two last chapters analyze a new application of AES: biodiversity offsets. Based on a survey, chapter 4 highlights factors that influence the participation in such contracts as well as issues of effectiveness and efficiency. In chapter 5, we show with a choice experiment that farmers, especially the most environmentally sensitive, are influenced by the contracts’ goal framing: they prefer contracts that aim at biodiversity conservation rather than at the compensation of biodiversity losses. We conclude by insisting on the complementarity between traditional and behavioral environmental policy instruments

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Eizak, Shiri Farhad. "Planning intentionality and its implications for project planned time." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/planning-intentionality-and-its-implications-for-project-planned-time(db4669e5-68be-4426-9bc4-73f71f7361b4).html.

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Within the construction industry, proximity of actual to scheduled completion time is a primary performance measure, and deviations from planned schedules remain a popular concern in the field of construction management. Prevailing research assumes that delays arise either from flawed execution of the plan or from failure to plan effectively. Thus, solutions suggested include improving execution and developing ever more sophisticated planning techniques. In spite of these efforts, accuracy in scheduling construction projects has shown little or no improvement, and clients continue to incur the significant costs associated with the failure to more accurately plan. Eschewing this traditional techno-rational view, the current research turned to critical management studies for solutions and investigated planning intentionality, the intentional and unintentional roles planners play in project delays. Thus, it sought to explore the following with respect to the project planner role: optimism bias, where a planner unintentionally mitigates negative information in decision-making; strategic misrepresentation, where a planner intentionally mitigates negative information; and group dynamics in time estimation. The latter is relevant because a team rather than an individual typically embodies the planner function within a construction project. To perform this research, two mixed-methods studies, preceded by a pilot study, and seven interviews with project planners were conducted. The first mixed-methods study investigated how intended and unintended actions of participants affected underestimation of time during task performance; and the second investigated the creation of collective intentionality, the transmutation of individual preferences into a group consensus in time estimation. Results of the first mixed-methods study identified the key situational variables differentiating intended and unintended actions of planners and indicated how these can influence the quality of time estimation. Results of the second study showed that group performance in time estimation was inferior to that of individuals and that group member interaction appeared detrimental to good decision-making. Reasons found were sense of power, commitment, confidence level, cultural diversity, conflicts, and groupthink. The findings were compared and contrasted with those obtained from interviews with project planners to enhance the scope of the study.

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Frost, Myles Alexander. "Hyshot scramjet experiments in the T4 shock tunnel /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16919.pdf.

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Emo, Amanda Kathleen. "Pedestrian Impressions of Distracted, Aggressive, and Safe Walking Behaviors." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1288378502.

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deHarak, Bruno A. "HELIUM (e, 2e) COPLANAR AND OUT-OF-PLANE EXPERIMENTS." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/711.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2007.
Title from document title page (viewed on March 31, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: vi, 159 p. : ill (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-157).

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Forero, Juan. "Wrist dynamics in the posteroanterior plane: model and experiments." FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3337.

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The purpose of this study was to create and validate mathematical model of the human wrist. The validated model can be useful in the quantification of dynamic effects on wrist injuries. A model of the wrist based on elements modeling soft tissue as viscoelastic materials was generated. An algorithm based on the fourth order Runge-Kutta method extended to multiple coupled ordinary differential equations written in Matlab® was used to solve the system of coupled ordinary differential equations defining the model. The model was first validated based on results found in the literature for static models. A simple experiment was then developed and used to validate experimentally the results obtained from the model. Force transmission increased significantly when dynamic loads were analyzed. The results of this study exposed the limitation for static models to characterize the wrist behavior.

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Wakui, Elley. "Optimisation and characterisation of the archeops CMB anistrophy experiment focal plane." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419797.

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Brickman, Jacklyn E. "Experiments in Biological Planet Formation and Plants: Nourishing Bodies, Nourishing Planets." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595340630648528.

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Eriksson, Jan. "Experimental studies of the plane turbulent wall jet." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mechanics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3635.

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Cooper, Michael T. "WELCOME TO THE PLANET: FORT LIVING ROOM O ROTTING SUN." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/192.

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O Rotting Sun is a pair of long narrative poems that leap, spanning over an epic-length manuscript—175 pages of prose block, lyrical verse, and projective verse. Its chief poetic-operational modes are: inclusion, fragmentation, textual destructions, intentional omissions, intentional misspelling, large narrative leaps; all of which engage a poetics of doubt and multiplicity. O Rotting Sun is a jarring and jangly poem of resistance, intended if possible, for being read aloud and argued with: a provocation of intense meditation, reflection, and when successful, disintegration of anger & agonism—followed by a reintegration of the reader back into a community of change and hope. These poems are an invitation to that hero’s journey which is sometimes painful, sometimes beautiful, sometimes both. I wish to welcome my heroic, wonderful, deep reader into this new world of O Rotting Sun.

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PAULA, GUILHERME RODRIGUES SAMPAIO DE. "NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ENDENTATION ANALYSIS OF PLANE HYPERELASTIC MEMBRANES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23866@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O estudo do comportamento de membranas quando expostas a pressões e tensões de diverssos tipos, assim como de suas propriedades mecânicas nos últimos anos vem recebendo uma notável atenção em razão da variada aplicabilidade das membranas nas mais diversas áreas da engenharia, incluindo atuadores, robótica, sensores, aeroespacial, bioengenharia e estruturas infláveis para engenharia civil. Neste trabalho será apresentado um estudo numérico e experimental de uma membrana sujeita a uma endentação e perfuração transversalmente ao seu plano indeformado, considerando-se a presença do atrito na interface membrana-endentor, fato que torna esse estudo pioneiro nesta análise. Os estudos numéricos foram feitos no software Abaqus CAE. Os ensaios experimentais têm por objetivo comprovar os resultados numéricos e assim validá-los. Foram desenvolvidos aparatos experimentais dedicados aos ensaios pretendidos devido à ausência de equipamentos no mercado que pudessem reproduzir tais ensaios.
The study of membranes behavior when subjected to pressures and tensions from all kinds, as well as their mechanical properties, is receiving a noticeable attention over the last years due to various applications of membranes on various engineering fields, including, actuators, robotics, sensors, airspace, bioengineering and inflatable structures for civil engineering. On this job will be presented a numerical and experimental study of a membrane subjected to an endentation and penetration transversally to the membrane’s undeformed plane, considering friction on the interface of the membrane and endentor, which makes this study a pioneer on this kind of analysis. The numerical studies were performed on Abaqus CAE finite element software. The experimental tests are intended to validate the numerical results. Experimental apparatus were developed especially to perform the tests done in this job.

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Hughes-Roberts, T. "The effect of privacy salience on end-user behaviour : an experimental approach based on the theory of planned behaviour." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/31983/.

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End-User privacy concerns surrounding use of Social Networks present new and complex problems for research. Specifically, a phenomenon known as “the Privacy Paradox” has been observed where end-users stated concerns, attitudes and intended behaviour are not consistent with the actual behaviour within the network. Numerous causes have been proposed as potentially being the root of the problem of this paradoxical phenomenon including a lack of user awareness of privacy issues, a low level skill in using technology or a lack of privacy salience within the social network itself. However, the role of the User Interface (UI) in contributing to, and potentially providing a solution to, poor privacy behaviour is under-explored. A potentially fruitful avenue of enquiry given that behaviour is considered to be a reaction to environmental stimulus and the UI provides the environment within which the user is interacting. This thesis implements a two phase approach to furthering understanding of privacy behaviour in social networks. First, a survey is implemented exploring the relationship of concepts within the privacy paradox identifying that users stated needs are not being met by their observable behaviour. Secondly, two experiments are implemented in order to explore this behaviour as an interaction with the network; these questions are answered to build a social network profile and can be grouped according to their potential sensitivity. A model of social psychology, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), is used to develop such experiments in order to examine the cognition behind these interactions. Each of the salient influencers defined by the TPB is used to inform a series of UI treatments and form the basis for experiment groups. An initial experiment explores the method and is used to inform the design of the second, which also introduces a factorial design to explore the relationships between treatments. These experiments show that participants within the treatment groups disclose less information than the control, with statistical significance. Within the first experiment this non-disclosure took place across all questions sensitivities, possibly due to limitations in the experimental method. However, participants in experiment two appear far more selective in their disclosure, choosing not to answer more sensitive questions suggesting that they thought of their privacy while interacting with the system. Findings within this thesis suggest that the UI plays an important role in influencing end-user behaviour as it can inform the context of the interaction as it happens.

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Loranger, Jessy. "Prédiction des dommages foliaires causés par les herbivores invertébrés dans une prairie expérimentale à partir des traits des plantes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5758.

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Les herbivores invertébrés sont présents dans presque tous les habitats de la planète et peuvent grandement affecter la performance des plantes en nature. Que ce soit en communautés naturelles ou artificielles, une grande variation des taux d'herbivorie entre différentes espèces de plante [i.e. plantes] peut être observée. Ceci s'explique par le fait que les caractéristiques fonctionnelles des plantes, aussi appelées « traits », affectent les préférences des herbivores. Une espèce de plante, de par ces traits physiologiques, morphologiques ou phénologiques, peut donc décourager et/ou éviter l'herbivorie. La compréhension des relations entre les herbivores invertébrés et les traits des plantes est donc indispensable à la compréhension de l'assemblage des communautés herbivores-plantes. Cependant, les connaissances sur les liens entre les différents traits des plantes et la préférence des herbivores sont diffuses et incomplètes. Ce mémoire vise donc à quantifier et caractériser les effets de plusieurs traits fonctionnels de plantes herbacées sur la quantité de dommage foliaire faite par des herbivores invertébrés et à comparer ces effets entre monocultures et polycultures. Pour ce faire, j'ai participé au projet du Jena Experiment , une prairie expérimentale située en Allemagne visant à étudier la biodiversité. Cette prairie est exposée aux herbivores invertébrés naturels se trouvant sur le site de l'étude. Pour réaliser mon projet, les degrés d'herbivorie causés par les invertébrés ainsi que les valeurs de plusieurs traits fonctionnels des plantes ont été mesurés pour chacune de 51 espèces de plante [i.e. plantes] se trouvant sur le site d'étude. Travaillant d'abord avec des monocultures, sept traits sur 42 mesurés ont été sélectionnés dans une régression multiple en tant que prédicteurs importants de l'herbivorie. Le modèle est robuste et explique 63% de la variation en dommage subi par les espèces à l'étude. Parmi ces sept traits, deux sont physiologiques (concentration de lignine et d' azote dans les feuilles), deux sont morphologiques (architecture des racines et érection de la tige), un est phénologique (durée de vie du feuillage) et deux sont reliés aux herbivores (nombre d'espèces de coléoptère et d'hémiptère pouvant potentiellement prédater les plantes). Dans une seconde étape, à partir de l'herbivorie mesurée en monoculture et des sept traits sélectionnés dans le premier volet, trois modèles ont été développés pour prédire l'herbivorie dans des communautés formant un gradient de biodiversité de une à 60 espèces de plantes. Pour les trois différents modèles, le pouvoir de prédiction était faible; de 6 à 32% de variance en dommage foliaire expliquée. De plus, la déviation entre valeurs observées et valeurs prédites de l'herbivorie augmentait significativement avec l'augmentation du niveau de biodiversité dans les communautés. Les résultats de ce mémoire suggèrent que des patrons complexes de corrélation entre les différents traits des plantes existent et qu'il est donc nécessaire de travailler avec le plus de traits possibles pour identifier ceux qui contrôlent vraiment l'herbivorie. De plus, des interactions entre les différentes espèces de plante [i.e. plantes] d'une communauté semblent affecter de façon importante, directement ou pas, les dommages foliaires infligés par les herbivores invertébrés.Les conclusions de ce mémoire remettent en question l'importance relative des traits agrégés pour prédire des processus écologiques à facteur biotique tel que l'herbivorie et soulignent la complexité des relations entre deux niveaux trophiques.

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Benson, David Howard. "Minimum audible movement angles for discriminating upward from downward trajectories of smooth virtual source motion within a sagittal plane." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18787.

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In virtual auditory display, sound source motion is typically cued through dynamic variations in two types of localization cues: binaural disparity cues and spectral cues. Generally, both types of cues contribute to the perception of sound source motion. For certain spatial trajectories, however, namely those lying on the surfaces of cones of confusion, binaural disparity cues are constant, and motion must be inferred solely on the basis of spectral cue variation. This thesis tests the effectiveness of these spectral variation cues in eliciting motion percepts. A virtual sound source was synthesized that traversed sections of a cone of confusion on a particular sagittal plane. The spatial extent of the source's trajectory was systematically varied to probe directional discrimination thresholds.
Dans le domaine de la spatialisation, le mouvement de la source sonore est généralement indiqué par des variations dynamiques selon deux types d'indices de localisation : des indices de disparite binaurale et des indices spectraux. En régle rénérale, les deux types d'indices contribuent à la perception du mouvement de la source sonore. Cela dit, dans le cas de certaines trajectoires spatiales, à savoir celles qui reposent sur la surface des cônes de confusion, les indices de disparité binaurale sont constants et le mouvement ne s'induit forcément qu'à partir des variations spectrales. La présente thése sonde l'efficacité de ces indices de variation spectrale en indiquant les perceptions du mouvement. Une source sonore virtuelle a été synthétisée et chemine sur la surface d'un cône de confusion sur un plan sagittal déterminé. L'étendue spatiale de la trajectoire de la source a été ajustée systématiquement afin de sonder les seuils critiques de discrimination de mobilité directionnelle.

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Baker, Steven Jeffrey. "Numerical experiments with models for a particle on a rough inclined plane." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28821.

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Sutter, John David. "Viewer-plane experiments with computed holography with the MIT holographic video system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29084.

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Udakara, Deepthi De Silva. "Experimental study of a modified flat dilatometer under plane strain condition." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22089007.

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Danet, Alain. "Interactions entre plantes dans un contexte de communauté : une approche expérimentale en Espagne et en Bolivie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT160/document.

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Les interactions entre organismes ont des conséquences majeures sur la composition des communautés et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. En écologie l'étude des interactions négatives, telles que la prédation et la compétition, a largement dominé la littérature. Des travaux récents ont souligné l’importance des interactions positives dans la nature, telles que la facilitation, mais ces interactions restent malgré tout peu intégrées dans les théories contemporaines en écologie. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette démarche et aborde deux questions centrales : (i) Comment la facilitation indirecte (via la protection contre le pâturage) affecte-t-elle la structure fonctionnelle (caractéristiques des distributions de traits) des communautés de plantes ? (ii) L'effet net des interactions facilitatrice-bénéficiaire identifiées à l’échelle d’une paire d’espèces restent-elles valides en présence d’une communauté entière d'espèces bénéficiaires potentielles ? Deux expérimentations in situ dans des environnements contrastés ont été mises en place : l’exclusion du pâturage dans des tourbières tropicales alpines et une transplantation de communautés de plantules sous des plantes adultes en milieu méditerranéen semi-aride. Nous avons montré que la facilitation indirecte affectait les caractéristiques du filtre environnemental, la dominance des espèces et la différenciation de niche au sein de la communauté. Nos travaux suggèrent également que la composition des communautés de plantules modifie les interactions adultes-plantules, remettant ainsi en cause la possibilité d’extrapolation des résultats entre paires d'individus à l’échelle de la communauté
Interactions between organisms are key drivers of community composition and ecosystem functioning. Ecology has a long history of studies on negative interactions, such as predation and competition. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of positive interactions, such as facilitation in nature. The integration of these interactions into modern ecological theory has nonetheless lagged behind. This thesis aims at contributing to this research effort and addresses two core questions : (i) How does indirect facilitation (through protection against grazing) affect the functional structure (characteristics of trait distributions) of plant communities? (ii) Does the net effect of the interactions between a species pair (benefactor-beneficiary) remain valid in the presence of several beneficiary species at community level? We set up two insitu experiments in contrasted environments: a grazing exclusion experiment in tropical alpine peatlands and a transplantation experiment of sapling communities beneath adult plants in a mediterranean environment. Our results showed that indirect facilitation affects the characteristics of the environmental filter, species dominance and niche differentiation in the community. Our results also suggested that the composition of sapling communities modifies adult-sapling interactions, thereby questioning the possibility of extrapolating results from pairs of individuals to the community scale

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Kern, Brian. "Experimental investigation of the hydrodynamics of a plunging two-phase plane jet." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06212006-153659/.

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Wu, Xingdong. "Onset, propagation, and evolution of strain localization in undrained plane strain experiments on clay." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32548.

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Master of Science
Civil Engineering
Dunja Peric
The conventional triaxial test is the primary laboratory test for determining the shear strength of soils. Geotechnical field conditions such as long earth dams, long embankments, long retaining walls, strip foundations, tunnels, and buried pipelines often experience plane strain states of stress. However, stress strain and load deformation responses in plane strain loading differ considerably from responses observed in the conventional triaxial test. Research has shown that soils loaded in a plane strain state are far more sensitive to imperfections than soils tested in a conventional triaxial device. Plane strain loading leads to material instability manifested as sudden localized failure, resulting in decreased load-carrying capacity of the soil and compromised geotechnical and civil infrastructures. Although previous studies have mostly focused on granular materials, this research investigated the plane strain response of clay. An undrained plane strain compression test program was devised to investigate the effects of past stress history and strain rates on strain localization in kaolin clay. Experiments were carried out in a plane strain (or biaxial) device at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Because the device was heavily internally instrumented, strain localization progress was closely monitored throughout each biaxial test. Clay response in the biaxial test demonstrated three phases: (1) a homogenous response, (2) the onset and propagation of strain localization, and (3) the evolution of strain localization as a shear band. The duration of each phase was determined for each test, and a Lagrange strain tensor was used to obtain the evolution of volumetric and shear strains at the level of a shear band for three tests. Results revealed the development of large strains in these mesoscale structures. Furthermore, evolution of Mohr-Coulomb effective shear strength parameters was traced throughout the propagation and evolution phases by using two different methods. It showed that in clay samples, unlike in granular materials, the post-peak plateau, which is reached by deviatoric stress, corresponds to friction values that are significantly lower than the critical state values. Other researchers who used scanning electron microscope and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility detected a significant reorientation of clay particles inside shear bands. Their findings combined with findings in this study lead to the conclusion that the sub-meso scale mechanism responsible for large shear strains and a severe reduction in effective friction is a significant reorientation of clay particles inside shear band.

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Eva, Charles Almond. "Experimental evaluation of the in-plane seismic behavior of store-front window systems." Diss., [La Jolla, Calif.] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1462129.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 16, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-94).

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Ferreira, Tiago Miguel dos Santos. "Out-of-plane seismic performance of stone masonry walls: experimental and analytical assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14079.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil
This PhD thesis is focused on the characterisation of the out-of-plane seismic performance of stone masonry walls, where the development of an innovative fragility-based approach, founded on solid experimental outputs, analytical formulation and post-earthquake damage observation, was outlined as main objective. In order to achieve it, two groups of specific objectives were distinguished in function of the genesis of the work, and are discussed throughout the seven chapters that compose this document. The first chapter presents a brief introduction to the main topic of the work, the description of the general and specific objectives to be achieved and each one of the tasks performed to fulfil them. Chapter 2 presents a compact state-of-art review wherein the principal methodologies proposed to assess the out-of-plane behaviour of unreinforced masonry structures are presented and discussed. The experimental part of this research begins in the third chapter, where an in situ experimental campaign, performed on three masonry wall piers of an existing building, is presented. Chapter 4 aims at describing an experimental program conducted in laboratory environment to characterise the out-of-plane behaviour of unreinforced masonry piers. In the scope of this experimental campaign, six full-scale unreinforced regular stone masonry walls were tested resorting to two different loading techniques. Getting into the analytical part of the work, Chapter 5 presents a simplified analytical approach for the description of the out-of-plane seismic performance of unreinforced regular stone masonry wall, from an overturning moment-rotation relationship and Chapter 6 is focused on the calibration of a seismic vulnerability method, on the basis of fragility results constructed from damage limit-states obtained resorting to the analytical approach proposed in the fifth chapter. Finally, an overall synopsis of the work, the most relevant results and conclusions achieved and some future research lines are presented and discussed in Chapter 7.
Esta tese de doutoramento foca-se na caraterização do desempenho sísmico para fora do plano de paredes de alvenaria de pedra, através do desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia baseada na fragilidade destes elementos, assente em observação experimental, formulação analítica e observação de danos pós-sismo. De forma a atingir este objetivo, definem e discutem-se neste documento dois grupos distintos de objetivos em função da génese experimental ou analítica dos trabalhos. Assim, no primeiro capítulo apresenta-se uma breve introdução ao tópico principal do trabalho e discutemse objetivos gerais e específicos a atingir em cada uma das tarefas definidas. O Capítulo 2 apresenta um estado de arte exaustivo, onde as principais metodologias propostas na bibliografia para avaliar o comportamento sísmico de estruturas de alvenaria de pedra não reforçada, são apresentadas e discutidas. A parte experimental deste trabalho inicia-se no capítulo terceiro, com a apresentação de uma campanha experimental in situ conduzida num edifício existente, localizado na ilha do Faial, Açores, e onde foram ensaiadas três paredes de alvenaria com condições de reforço distintas. O Capítulo 4 descreve um trabalho experimental conduzido em ambiente laboratorial, com o objetivo de caracterizar o comportamento para fora do plano de nembos de parede. No âmbito desta campanha experimental, construíram-se e testaramse seis nembos de parede em alvenaria de pedra regular não reforçada, com recurso a duas técnicas de ensaio distintas. Entrando no parte analítica do trabalho, o Capítulo 5 apresenta uma metodologia analítica capaz de descrever de forma simplificada a resposta sísmica para fora do plano de paredes de alvenaria de pedra regular, através de uma relação de momento fletor-rotação. O Capítulo 6 é dedicado à calibração de uma metodologia de avaliação da vulnerabilidade sísmica, com base em resultados de fragilidade obtidos através de estados limite de dano definidos através da metodologia analítica proposta no Capítulo 5. Finalmente, no sétimo capítulo apresenta-se a síntese geral do trabalho desenvolvido, discutem-se os principais resultados e conclusões obtidas e desvendam-se algumas linhas de investigação futura.

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Fanfard, Sandrine. "Relation " communauté-ressource " : cas des communautés marines d'invertébrés benthiques qui exploitent les débris grossiers dérivés de plantes terrestres." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066678/document.

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Dérivants ou submergés, les débris grossiers dérivés de plantes terrestres fournissent de l'énergie et des nutriments pour les écosystèmes marins. En considérant cette matière organique allochtone, l'objectif de ma thèse est de décrire le processus d'assemblage d'une communauté autour d'une ressource trophique et de considérer en retour l'effet de la diversité et de la composition observée au sein de cette communauté sur la dynamique d'exploitation de la ressource. Pour ce faire, j'ai combiné des expériences in situ et la modélisation avec l'intention de parvenir à une description cohérente et quantitative du lien écogéochimique entre la biodiversité et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. En utilisant de la litière de feuilles et du bois mort, cette approche a permis: (i) de montrer l'importance des interactions biotiques dès le début du processus d'assemblage de la communauté, (ii) de faire le lien explicite entre la consommation des ressources et la dynamique de populations des consommateurs, et (iii) de tester comment la transformation des ressources est affectée par la diversité observée au sein des communautés
Either adrift or submerged, coarse debris derived from terrestrial plants provide energy and nutrients for marine ecosystems. By considering this allochtonous organic material, the goals of my PhD were to describe the assembly process of macrobenthic communities around food sources and to consider the feedback effect of the observed communities on the geochemical fate of the resource. To do so, I combined in situ experiments and modelling with the intention to build a consistent, quantitative description of the ecogeochemical link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Using leaf litter and dead wood, this approach allowed: (i) to show the importance of biotic interactions from the beginning of the community assembly process, (ii) to make the explicit connection between the resource consumption and the population dynamics of the consumers, and (iii) and to test how resource processing is affected by the specific diversity of the communities

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Galland, William. "Stratégie végétale d’inhibition biologique de la dénitrification (BDI) : rôle dans l’amélioration de la croissance et de la nutrition des plantes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1200.

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Pour répondre aux besoins des populations humaines, l'agriculture est de plus en plus intensive, utilisant un très grand nombre d'engrais azotés pour augmenter les rendements. Ces engrais sont utilisés parce que l'azote est l'un des facteurs les plus important et limitant pour la croissance des plantes. L’azote sous forme de nitrate est soumis à des problématiques de pollutions pouvant affecter l’environnement ainsi que la santé humaine. Les défis de l'agriculture de demain sont donc de faire face à une population toujours plus nombreuse, tout en limitant l'impact sur notre environnement. C’est pour cela que la recherche et l’agriculture se questionnent de plus en plus sur l’utilisation d’autres produits comme les biostimulants ou des inhibiteurs, afin de limiter les intrants tout en conservant un taux de productivité viable. Une solution consisterait à agir sur les microorganismes du sol liés au cycle de l’azote afin de limiter les pertes des agrosystèmes en azote via le dégagement de gaz à effet de serre (N2O), de lessivage ou/et de volatilisation. En effet, dans les sols, le nitrate est également utilisé par les bactéries dites dénitrifiantes qui le réduisent en N2O (gaz à effet de serre) et N2, représentant alors une perte d’azote pour les cultures et une augmentation de la pollution atmosphérique. Par conséquent, les plantes sont en compétition directe avec ces bactéries pour l'assimilation du nitrate. Récemment, l’équipe encadrante de cette thèse a mis en évidence une stratégie développée par certaines plantes consistant en la production de métabolites secondaires : les procyanidines, qui inhibent la dénitrification des communautés microbiennes du sol. Les procyanidines ont la capacité d’inhiber, chez les bactéries dénitrifiantes, la première étape de la dénitrification transformant le nitrate en nitrite et ainsi d’empêcher l’utilisation du nitrate, sans toutefois exercer un effet antibactérien. Cette stratégie permet de conserver par conséquent le nitrate dans le sol, celui-ci pouvant alors être utilisé par les plantes pour leur nutrition et leur croissance. L’objectif principal de cette thèse a été d’évaluer l’effet de l’application de procyanidines exogènes à plusieurs concentrations en champs sur un modèle de plante d’intérêt économique, la laitue, ainsi que sur différents types de sols. Ces effets ont également été testés sur un autre modèle d’intérêt économique consommatrice d’azote, le céleri. Au cours de ces expérimentations, des mesures ont été effectuées sur (i) l’activité microbienne de dénitrification, (ii) les traits végétaux en lien avec la croissance et (iii) l’abondance des communautés bactériennes dénitrifiantes. Nos résultats montrent une induction d'un BDI en champs, une conservation du nitrate induisant à son tour une amélioration de la croissance des végétaux et une contre sélection par la plante des dénitrifiants. L’autre point abordé, plutôt fondamental mais qui a moins abouti faute de temps, consistait à mettre en évidence via l’utilisation de mutants d’Arabidopsis thaliana affectés dans la production des procyanidines ou surproduisant les procyanidines, un retour vers la plante de l’azote détourné suite au BDI
To meet the needs of human populations, agriculture is increasingly intensive, using a very large number of nitrogen fertilizers to increase yields. These fertilizers are used because nitrogen is one of the most important and limiting factors for plant growth. Nitrogen in the form of nitrate is subject to pollution problems that can affect the environment and human health. The challenges for tomorrow's agriculture are therefore to face an ever-increasing population, while limiting the impact on our environment. This is why research and agriculture are increasingly questioning the use of other products such as biostimulants or inhibitors, in order to limit inputs while maintaining a viable productivity rate. One solution would be to act on soil microorganisms linked to the nitrogen cycle in order to limit nitrogen losses from agrosystems through greenhouse gas (N2O) emissions, leaching and/or volatilization. Indeed, in soils, nitrate is also used by so-called denitrifying bacteria, which reduce it to N2O (greenhouse gases) and N2, representing a loss of nitrogen for crops and an increase in air pollution. As a result, plants compete directly with these bacteria for the assimilation of nitrate. Recently, the supervising team of this thesis has highlighted a strategy developed by some plants consisting of the production of secondary metabolites: procyanidins, which inhibit the denitrification of soil microbial communities. Procyanidins have the ability to inhibit the first step of denitrification in denitrifying bacteria, transforming nitrate into nitrite and thus preventing the use of nitrate, without however exerting an antibacterial effect. This strategy therefore preserves the nitrate in the soil, which can then be used by plants for their nutrition and growth. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of the application of exogenous procyanidins at several field concentrations on a plant model of economic interest, lettuce, as well as on different soil types. These effects have also been tested on another model of economic interest that consumes nitrogen, celery. During these experiments, measurements were made on (i) microbial denitrification activity, (ii) plant traits related to growth and (iii) the abundance of denitrifying bacterial communities. Our results show an induction of a BDI in the field, a conservation of nitrate inducing in turn an improvement in plant growth and a counter-selection by the plant of denitrifiers. The other point addressed, which was rather fundamental but less successful due to a lack of time, was to highlight, via the use of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants affected in the production of procyanidins or overproducing procyanidins, a return to the plant of nitrogen diverted following the BDI

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Rodríguez, Samaniego Javier. "Study and design of the front-end and readout electronics for the tracking plane in the NEXT experiment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86285.

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The NEXT experiment is one of the most innovative ones looking for the neutrinoless double beta decay, which finding will answer one of the most important questions in the last years physics: is the neutrino its own antiparticle? Or in other words, is it a Majorana particle? With that purpose NEXT uses a TPC (Time Projection Chamber) filled with enriched xenon gas at high pressure, and two photosensors planes, one on each end. The first plane contains PMTs (PhotoMultiplier Tube), that collect the light emitted by the xenon when an event happens and precisely measures its energy. The second plane is a SiPM (Silicon PhotoMultiplier) matrix that allows to 3D-reconstruct the event track. Both planes together allows NEXT to have a great background rejection, which makes a difference with the other experiments aiming for the neutrinoless double beta decay. In addition, SiPMs are a new technology which nowadays is evolving to, in the future, displace the classical PMTs. For that reason the study of these sensors starts from zero, as there were not previous uses as pixel-tracking, and lead a new path in the physics detectors, for both high and low energy. This thesis is focused on the study and design of the electronics involving the tracking plane, which includes some technical solutions related also with mechanical issues. From the sensors placed inside the detector, the SiPMs, to the front-end electronic boards, there are few elements on the chain; as the support boards for the SiPMs which must satisfy severe outgassing and radiopurity levels. Also the inner and outer cabling has been designed, focusing on obtaining the best signal-noise ratio; and also the feedthrough for the tracking plane, which solved at low cost the huge problem of taking out about 4000 lines from the pressurized xenon to the outside. Finally, one of the most important elements on this chain and the one that this thesis is focused on, is the front-end board. Starting with the experience acquired with the first prototype, NEXT-DEMO, the electronics have been improved, able to condition, integrate and digitize the signals from all the tracking plane SiPMs; allowing the further acquisition and processing through an ATCA-based system (Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture). All the elements designed have been produced and assembled on the NEW detector, a large-scale prototype of the final detector, placed at the Laboratorio Subterra'neo de Canfranc, an underground laboratory at the aragonese Pyrenee.
El experimento NEXT es uno de los más innovadores en la búsqueda de la desintegración doble beta sin neutrinos, cuyo hallazgo daría con la respuesta a una de las cuestiones más importantes de la física en los últimos años: ¿es el neutrino su propia antipartícula? O dicho de otro modo, ¿es una partícula de Majorana? Para ello NEXT hace uso de una TPC (Time Projection Chamber) llena de gas xenón enriquecido a alta presión, y con dos planos de fotosensores, uno en cada extremo. El primero de ellos está formado por PMTs (Photo Multiplier Tube), que recogen la luz generada por el xenón cuando ocurre un evento, y miden la energía de éste. El segundo consiste en una matriz de SiPMs (Silicon PhotoMultipliers) que permiten reconstruir tridimensionalmente la traza de dicho evento. El conjunto de ambos planos de fotosensores otorga al experimento NEXT un gran rechazo a eventos de fondo, lo que marca la diferencia con otros experimentos en busca de la desintegración doble beta sin neutrinos. Además, los SiPMs son una tecnoloía de reciente aparición que en la actualidad está evolucionando a grandes pasos para, en un futuro, desplazar a los fotomultiplicadores clásicos. Por ello el estudio de estos fotosensores parte prácticamente desde cero, ya que no existen aplicaciones previas de su uso como pixel-tracking, y ha permitido abrir un nuevo camino en los detectores de física, tanto de alta como baja energía. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo el estudio y diseño de la electrónica involucrada en el plano de reconstrucción de trazas, y que involucran en menor medida dar solución a problemas técnicos de aspecto mecánico. Partiendo de los sensores ubicados dentro del detector, los SiPMs, hasta las tarjetas de front-end, se incluyen varios elementos de la cadena; como son las tarjetas empleadas como soporte para los SiPM en el interior de la cámara, las cuáles deben cumplir rigurosas medidas de radiopureza y degasificación. También se ha diseñado el cableado tanto interno como externo, haciendo énfasis en conseguir la mayor relación posible señal-ruido; y el pasamuros específico para el plano de reconstrucción de trazas, el cual ha resuelto a bajo coste el problema de extraer casi 4000 líneas desde la zona de xenón a alta presión hasta el exterior. Por último, uno de los elementos más importantes de esta cadena y en el cuál se centra principalmente esta tesis, es la tarjeta de front-end. Partiendo de la experiencia adquirida del primer prototipo del experimento, NEXT-DEMO, se ha perfeccionado una electrónica capaz de tratar, integrar y adquirir las señales de todos los SiPM del plano de reconstrucción de trazas, permitiendo su posterior adquisición y procesado mediante un sistema basado en la estructura ATCA (Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture). Todos los elementos diseñados han sido ensamblados y puestos en marcha en el detector NEW, un prototipo a gran escala del detector final, que está ubicado en el Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, en el Pirineo Aragonés.
L'experiment NEXT és un dels més innovadors en la recerca de la desintegració doble beta sense neutrins, i aquesta troballa donaria amb la resposta a una de les quèstions més importants de la física en els últims anys: és el neutrí la seua pròpia antipartícula? O dit d'una altra manera, és una partícula de Majorana? Per açò NEXT fa ús d'una TPC (Time Projection Chamber) plena de gas xenó enriquit a alta presió, i amb dos plànols de fotosensors, un a cada extrem. El primer d'ells està format per PMTs (Photo Multiplier Tube), que arrepleguen la llum generada pel xenó quan ocorre un esdeveniment, i mesuren l'energía d'aquest. El segon consisteix en una matriu de SiPMs (Silicon PhotoMultipliers) que permeten reconstruir tridimensionalment la traça d'aquest esdeveniment. El conjunt de tots dos plànols de fotosensors atorga a l'experiment NEXT un gran rebuig a esdeveniments de fons, la qual cosa marca la diferència amb altres experiments a la recerca de la desintegració doble beta sense neutrins. A més, els SiPMs so'n una tecnología de recent aparició que en l'actualitat està evolucionant a grans passos per a, en un futur, desplaçar als fotomultiplicadors clàssics. Per això l'estudi d'aquests fotosensors part pràcticament des de zero, ja que no hi ha aplicacions prèvies del seu ús com a pixel-tracking, i ha permés obrir un nou camí en els detectors de física, tant d'alta com de baixa energia. Aquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu l'estudi i diseny de l'electrònica involucrada en el plànol de reconstrucció de traces, i que involucra en menor mesura donar solució a problemes tècnics d'aspecte mecànic. Partint dels sensors situats dins del detector, els SiPMs, fins a les targetes de front-end, s'inclouen diversos elements de la cadena; com són les targetes emprades com a suport per als SiPMs a l'interior de la càmera, les quals han de complir rigoroses mesures de radioactivitat i degasificació. També s'ha disenyat el cablejat tant intern com extern, fent èmfasi en aconseguir la major relació possible senyal-soroll; i el passamurs específic per al plànol de reconstrucció de traces, el qual ha resolt a baix cost el problema d'extraure quasi 4000 línies des de la zona de xenó a alta presió fins a l'exterior. Finalment, un dels elements més importants d'aquesta cadena i en el qual es centra principalment aquesta tesi, és la targeta de front-end. Partint de l'experiència adquirida del primer prototip de l'experiment, NEXT-DEMO, s'ha perfeccionat una electrònica capaç de tractar, integrar i adquirir les senyals de tots els SiPM del plànol de reconstrucció de traces, permetent la seua posterior adquisició i processament mitjançant un sistema basat en l'estructura ATCA (Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture). Tots els elements disenyats han sigut muntats i engegats en el detector NEW, un prototip a gran escala del detector final, que està situat en el Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, al Pirineu Aragonés.
Rodríguez Samaniego, J. (2017). Study and design of the front-end and readout electronics for the tracking plane in the NEXT experiment [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86285
TESIS

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BÔSSO, Antônio Rafael de Souza Alves. "Desenvolvimento do Software PlanEx de planejamento de experimentos online e sua aplicação didática na pós-Graduação." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1023.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:11:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Antonio Rafael de Souza Alves Bosso.pdf: 2756891 bytes, checksum: c44601eb9a4e7441d8e2cbaf917d13ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-02
This work describes the design of experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) via factorial designs programmed in PlanEx, a new web/online software implemented using the Java language. The goal was to develop and validate PlanEx as a simple, efficient, and an interactive tool for undergraduate teaching and research. PlanEx was also designed as a free software, and the Java language was chosen since it is a community-developed open source software. PlanEx provides both full factorial design of experiments (2k) and fractional (2k-1), with up to six variables, and with, or without, replicates. PlanEx was also developed to perform variable screening through replicates, and normal probability plots and also to evaluate the model bias by the residual graphs. PlanEx is based on RSM with up to four variables at three levels, and central points with, or without, replicates. Through RSM the user can check linear or quadratic models to predict experimental responses through 3D surface plots, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). PlanEx was also evaluated in the second term of 2009, 2010, and 2011 in graduate courses of planning and design of experiments. The results have shown that PlanEx is fast, and interactive, and it is a simple design of experiment tool for both teaching and research.
Esta Tese apresenta o software PlanEx que contém as ferramentas do planejamento de experimentos fatorial escritas em linguagem de programação Java. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver o software PlanEx e validá-lo como uma ferramenta de ensino e pesquisa simples, eficiente, interativa e gratuita na internet, sem a necessidade do usuário realizar download. A linguagem Java foi escolhida por oferecer uma grande quantidade de efeitos gráficos e de bibliotecas livres que contêm cálculos da estatística e da álgebra linear. O software PlanEx disponibiliza as ferramentas do planejamento de experimentos fatorial completo 2k e do fracionário 2k-1 com até seis variáveis e com, ou sem, replicatas de todos os experimentos. PlanEx foi desenvolvido para que estudantes e pesquisadores interessados no planejamento de experimentos possam utilizá-lo para realizar uma triagem das variáveis; para verificar quais variáveis provocam efeitos significativos na resposta experimental de um fenômeno em estudo, através de replicatas e/ou de gráficos de probabilidade normal; e para avaliar se o modelo é tendencioso através de gráficos de resíduos em função dos valores estimados. Para otimização ou expansão do planejamento de experimentos fatorial, o software PlanEx disponibiliza as ferramentas da Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (RSM) com até quatro variáveis em três níveis, sendo um ponto central e com, ou sem, replicatas. Através da RSM o usuário pode verificar qual modelo, linear ou quadrático, prediz melhor as respostas experimentais através dos gráficos de superfície de resposta 3D e da Tabela de Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Através de três aplicações realizadas no segundo semestre dos anos de 2009, 2010 e 2011 nas aulas da disciplina de Quimometria II ministrada pelo Professor Dr. Anselmo Elcana de Oliveira no programa de pós-graduação de mestrado em Química da UFG e Doutorado Multiinstitucional em Química UFU/UFG/UFMT, o software PlanEx apresentou ser uma ferramenta rápida, interativa, gratuita e simples de ensino e pesquisa em nível de pós-graduação.

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Alhussain, Mohammed. "Spherical wave AVO response of isotropic and anisotropic media: Laboratory experiment versus numerical simulations." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Exploration Geophysics, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17537.

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A spherical wave AVO response is investigated by measuring ultrasonic reflection amplitudes from a water/Plexiglas interface. The experimental results show substantial deviation from the plane-wave reflection coefficients at large angles. However there is an excellent agreement between experimental data and full-wave numerical simulations performed with the reflectivity algorithm. By comparing the spherical-wave AVO response, modeled with different frequencies, to the plane-wave response, I show that the differences between the two are of such magnitude that three-term AVO inversion based on AVA curvature can be erroneous. I then propose an alternative approach to use critical angle information extracted from AVA curves, and show that this leads to a significant improvement of the estimation of elastic parameters. Azimuthal variation of the AVO response of a vertically fractured model also shows good agreement with anisotropic reflectivity simulations, especially in terms of extracted critical angles which indicated that (1) reflection measurements are consistent with the transmission measurements; (2) the anisotropic numerical simulation algorithm is capable of simulating subtle azimuthal variations with excellent accuracy; (3) the methodology of picking critical angles on seismograms using the inflection point is robust, even in the presence of random and/or systematic noise.

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Genovese, Therese, and Charlotte Green. "Cosmetics gone green : A quantitative experimental study on green promotional cues and consumers’ purchase intention." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104359.

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In the context of the world's increasing environmental challenges and the rise of green consumerism, promoting sustainable consumer behavior is more important than ever. This study aims at extending the understanding of consumers' purchase intention of environmentally friendly cosmetic products. With a theoretical starting point in theories of green promotion and the theory of planned behavior, a total of ten hypotheses and sub-hypotheses were formulated to answer the research question how green promotional cues can be used to affect consumers' beliefs and increase purchase intention. Central concepts in the study’s constructed conceptual framework are intrinsic cues which represent concrete characteristics of a product such as ingredients and formula, and extrinsic cues which are attributes not present within the product itself such as packaging and brand. A quantitative approach using an online survey in an experimental vignette designed questionnaire generated responses from a sample of 325 participants in three treatment groups, and the data was subsequently examined through statistical analysis. The study’s main findings show that intrinsic cues have a stronger influence on purchase intention than extrinsic cues but that extrinsic cues seem to have a stronger influence on consumers’ subjective beliefs. The study provides implications on how cosmetic companies can use the insights generated by the study when developing promotional strategies for green cosmetics.

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Cavigli, Marco. "In-Plane cyclic behavior of substandard confined masonry: full-scale experiments, finite elements modeling and incremental dynamic analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5503/.

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Dukkipati, Ravi Kiran. "Experimental investigation of fiber sizing-test fluid interaction for in-plane permeability measurements of continuous fibers." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1534.

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Many manufacturers are using liquid composite molding (LCM) to manufacture composites because of its simplicity and cost effectiveness. This generic process includes techniques such as vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), resin transfer molding (RTM), and Seemann composite reaction infusion molding (SCRIM). VARTM is most commonly used due to its low tooling cost and ease of use. One of the most important factors that affect the manufacturability of composite parts is permeability. Permeability usually affects resin flow within fibers; hence, many researchers have placed importance on the measurement of this factor in various studies. Alternate test fluids such as corn syrup, silicon oil and motor oil are being used to calculate permeability, since they are cheaper, easy to clean, and are not volatile like resins. Permeability is generally affected by fiber sizing-test fluid interaction, fiber volume fraction, and fiber orientation. In the present study, permeability effects due to fiber chemical coating or sizing were investigated using VARTM. Experiments were conducted by inducing high- and low-viscosity corn syrup and silicon oil through uni-directional glass fibers, bi-axial glass fibers, and two types of uni-directional carbon fibers, with and without sizing. Darcy’s law was used to calculate permeability. Significant permeability differences found using fibers with and without sizing are reported. Separate saturated flow rate measurements for one of the uni-directional carbon fibers and uni-directional glass fibers, both sized and unsized, were carried out by infusing corn syrup and silicon oil with similar viscosities. It was found that, over time, corn syrup displayed a gradual decrease in flow rate for saturated fiber material for constant vacuum infusion. From previous research studies, the flow rate history in the RTM process showed two stages: initial rapid flow and steady-state flow. However, in the VARTM process, the cumulative mass vs. time plot was linear. The corresponding flow rate vs. time plot showed a high initial flow rate but was decreased with time when corn syrup was used for both uni-directional glass and carbon fibers, with and without sizing. This effect was not observed in the case of silicon oil. It was concluded that corn syrup should be used with caution as a test fluid for permeability measurements until further investigations can be made.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
"December 2007."

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Maniatis, Iris. "Numerical and experimental investigations on the stress distribution of bolted glass connections under in-plane loads /." München : Technische Universität München, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980321689.

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Sánchez, Tizapa Sulpicio. "Experimental and numerical study of confined masonry walls under in-plane loads : case : guerrero State (Mexico)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537380.

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This research work proposes methods to rises the resistance and to evaluate the behavior of confined masonry walls built from clay solid bricks. These elements are widely used in Guerrero State (México) to build masonry structures, which should resist high lateral loads because of the serious seismic hazard. Therefore, a large experimental program to evaluate the mechanical properties of bricks and masonry currently required in the design process and masonry analysis was developed. To rises the masonry resistance and to counteract the influence of the compressive strength of the pieces on the masonry behavior, a high compressive strength mortar and a metallic reinforcement inside the joints were used. With respect to referenced values of the mechanical properties, some were similar and others were twice bigger. In this country zone, the first three tests under lateral load on full-scale confined masonry walls built from clay solid bricks were carried out in order to evaluate its behavior. A reinforcement composed by metallic hexagonal mesh-mortar coat was placed on the faces of two walls to rise or to restore the resistance. The walls showed good behavior and the reinforcement had adequate structural efficiency. Numerical models of panels and walls built by using the experimental data evaluated the envelope resistance, the failure mode and showed the influence of the mechanical properties of the pieces and joints on the global behavior. Two models had metallic reinforcement inside the joints. In addition, a constitutive law of the masonry defined from experimental results allowed to elaborate a simple model, which results were concordant with respect to the experimental results and similar to those calculated by complex models. Finally, two simplified models to evaluate the resistance of confined masonry walls by considering the failure plane on the wall diagonal were developed. One supposes the masonry failure by shear effect and the other supposes the masonry failure by induced tension. The ratio theoretical resistance vs. experimental resistance was adequate for walls built from different materials and tested under different loads, which had ratio Height/Length ranging from 0.74 to 1.26

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Dukkipati, Ravi Kiran Soschinske Kurt A. "Experimental investigation of fiber sizing-test fluid interaction for in-plane permeability measurements of continuous fibers /." Thesis, A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1534.

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Kobayashi, Yusuke S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Establishment of an experimental method for a grooved composite subjected to out-of-plane contact loading." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54617.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-149, 2nd group).
A specimen and an experimental method to observe the behavior of a grooved composite subjected to out-of-plane contact loading is established and verified, and its response is examined. The specimen is designed so that the variability of stress-strain state is negligible across the width of the specimen. The dominant concept of the design is to isolate the response of the specimen around the groove from any other effects. Geometric parameters, stacking sequence (layup), and boundary conditions are determined for the specimen. With simply-supported boundary conditions, specimens fail in a simple beam shear mode as determined from the overall structural response of the specimen, thereby indicating that this configuration is not appropriate for the primary design goal. Thus, the rigid backface boundary condition is chosen and verified as the appropriate configuration. Contact, load transfer, and alignment issues arose in the first set of rigid backface tests and were solved by introducing finer machining, harder material for the indenter, and overall alignment with better accuracy. This resulted in the final test specimen configuration and associated test method, consisting of a specimen with a length of 56.00 mm, a width of 25.00 mm, an approximate thickness of 12.5 mm, and a maximum groove depth of 3.48 mm. The standard layup used for the tests is [F45/0/90]1os, while an alternate layup of [T30/0]13S was also used. In these tests, a number of key behaviors were observed: mode of failure, load-per-stroke slope, and "knee load".
(cont.) Specimens failed in two different modes: a delamination near the bottom of the groove (Mode A), and a crack under the groove propagating to a delamination near the midplane (Mode B). From observations, it is concluded that damage is generated at the bottom of the groove and then propagates in the longitudinal and the thickness direction, resulting in Mode A or B respectively. A "knee load" is defined as a point where the load-per-stroke slope deviates from linear behavior. Failure Mode B and the presence of the "knee load" are observed in the standard layup, but are not applicable to the alternate layup. The presence of 90' plies is indicated as the main cause of the observed differences. The test results clearly show that a specimen and a test method is established and verified for the objectives of the current work, and furthermore is valid for tests with different test parameters. Recommendations are made with regard to extension of the basic testing established herein.
by Yusuke Kobayashi.
S.M.

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de, Bock Hendrik Pieter Jacobus. "Design and Experimental Validation of a Micro-Nano structured Thermal Ground Plane for high-g environments." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367937275.

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Rousseau, Elsa. "Effet de la dérive génétique et de la sélection sur la durabilité de la résistance des plantes aux virus." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4024/document.

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Une plante peut être totalement protégée d'un agent pathogène grâce à un gène majeur de résistance, mais ce dernier peut être rapidement contourné suite à l'apparition et à la propagation de variants pathogènes adaptés. Cette thèse s'intéresse aux mécanismes évolutifs permettant le ralentissement de ce contournement chez les virus de plantes en agissant sur deux forces évolutives majeures, la dérive génétique et la sélection, depuis le niveau de l'hôte jusqu'à celui de la parcelle. D'abord, un modèle épidémiologique stochastique de type SI au niveau d'une parcelle agricole a montré que la dérive génétique pouvait être particulièrement bénéfique au rendement agricole lorsque l'adaptation du virus au gène majeur induit un coût de fitness intermédiaire dans les plantes sensibles. Ensuite, la conception et la validation d'un modèle basé sur des équations déterministes de Lotka-Volterra et des processus stochastiques Dirichlet-multinomiaux a permis de distinguer les effets de la dérive génétique et ceux de la sélection sur des données temporelles de compétition intra-plante entre variants viraux, et de mettre en évidence le contrôle génétique de ces effets par les plantes. Enfin, une analyse de la corrélation entre ces estimations des intensités de dérive génétique et de sélection et une estimation expérimentale de la durabilité d'un gène majeur a montré qu'une forte dérive génétique lors des stades précoces de l'infection augmentait la durabilité du gène majeur. Ces résultats ouvrent des perspectives pour une gestion plus durable de la résistance des plantes, par la sélection de variétés de plantes induisant une forte dérive génétique sur les populations d'agents pathogènes
Plants can be fully protected from their pathogens when they carry major resistance genes, but the efficiency of these genes is limited by the emergence and spread of adapted, resistance-breaking pathogen variants. This thesis studies how evolutionary forces imposed by the plants on pathogen populations may increase the durability of major resistance genes. Using plant viruses as a biological model, this thesis investigates the effect of genetic drift and selection, from the within-host to the host population level. Firstly, a stochastic epidemiological SI model at the field level showed that genetic drift could be particularly beneficial for crop yield when the fitness cost associated with virus adaptation to resistance was intermediate in susceptible plants. Then, the design and validation of a mechanistic-statistical model based on deterministic Lotka-Volterra equations and stochastic Dirichlet-multinomial processes allowed to disentangle the effects of genetic drift from those of selection on temporal data of within-host competition between virus variants. The intensities of genetic drift and selection acting on virus populations were shown to be controlled genetically by the hosts. Finally, a correlation analysis between these estimations of genetic drift and selection intensities and an experimental estimation of the durability of a major resistance gene showed that strong genetic drift during the early stages of plant infection led to an increase in resistance durability. These results open new perspectives for more durable management of plant resistance, by breeding plant varieties inducing strong genetic drift on pathogen populations

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Щербій, Р. Б. "Підвищення ефективності роботи шарошкових доліт на основі експериментальних досліджень процесу буріння." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2014. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4720.

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Дисертацію присвячено підвищенню ефективності поглиблення свердловин за результатами експериментальних досліджень впливу жорсткості та демпфування бурильного інструменту на руйнування гірської породи. На основі статистичної обробки результатів стендових досліджень одержано емпіричні залежності механічної буріння та енергоємності процесу руйнування гірської породи від характеристик бурильного інструменту за різних значень режимних параметрів буріння свердловин шарошковими долотами. Запропоновано багатофакторні емпіричні моделі механічної швидкості та енергоємності буріння свердловин на основі результатів планованого експерименту. Розроблено методики адаптації результатів експериментальних досліджень до промислових умов поглиблення свердловин шарошковими долотами.
Диссертация посвящена повышению эффективности бурения скважин на основании результатов экспериментальных исследований влияния жесткости и демпфирования бурильного инструмента на разрушение горной породы. В первом разделе приведен анализ исследований влияния характеристик бурильного инструмента на основные технико-экономические показатели бурения скважин и энергоемкость процесса разрушения горных пород. Во втором разделе предложено методику обработки аналоговых записей проходки на долото, состоящей из трех этапов: - выделение однородных по буримости интервалов разреза скважин; - определение статистических характеристик выборок значений механической скорости бурения на выделенных однородных участках и проверка соответствия этих выборок нормальному закону распределения; - выделение выборок значений механической скорости бурения, принадлежащих одной генеральной совокупности, с использованием статистической проверки параметрических гипотез. Предложена методика определения энергоемкости процесса разрушения горной породы по записям проходки и вращательного момента на долоте. Результаты стендовых исследований позволяют уточнить с учетом жесткости и демпфирования бурильного инструмента целевой критерий выбора оптимальных режимов бурения - максимум механической скорости проходки и предложить новый критерий - минимум энергоемкости процесса разрушения горной породы. В пятом разделе по результатам планируемого эксперимента предложены многофакторные эмпирические модели механической скорости и энергоемкости бурения скважин шарошечными долотами, которые учитывают режимные параметры, жесткость и демпфирование бурильного инструмента и имеют одинаковый качественный характер с моделями, полученными на основе анализа размерностей с использованием критериев подобия. Разработаны методики адаптации результатов стендовых экспериментальных исследований к условиям бурения нефтяных, газовых и дегазационных скважин.
The thesis is devoted to increase of efficiency of deepening of mining holes as a result of experimental researches of influencing of inflexibility and dampfenation of boring instruments on destruction of mountain breed. On the basis of statistical treatment of results of stand researches empiric dependences of mechanical are got boring drilling and energy capacity of process of destruction of mountain breed from descriptions of boring instrument at different values of regime parameters of the boring drilling of mining holes by roller cone bits. The multifactor empirical models of mechanical speed and energy capacity of the boring drilling of mining holes are offered on the basis of results of the planned experiment. The methods of adaptation of results of experimental researches to the industrial terms of deepening of mining holes are developed by roller cone bits.

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Dang, Wengang. "Shear behavior of plane joints under CNL and DNL conditions: Lab testing and numerical simulation." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-227649.

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The aim of this research work is to deepen the understanding of joint shear behavior under different boundary conditions. For this purpose, joint closure tests under quasi-static and dynamic conditions, direct shear and cyclic shear tests under CNL and DNL boundary conditions of plane joints are performed using GS-1000 big shear box device. The dissertation also presents the procedure to simulate the shear box device and simulating the behavior of plane joints at the micro-scale using FLAC3D. Special attention has been given to understand the influencing factors of the normal stress level, direct shear rate, horizontal cyclic shear frequency, normal impact frequency, horizontal cyclic shear displacement amplitude and vertical impact force amplitude. Lab test and numerical simulation results show that the quasi-static joint stiffness increases with increasing normal force. Dynamic joint stiffness decreases with increasing superimposed normal force amplitudes. Normal impact frequencies have little influence on the joint stiffness. Rotations and stress changes at the plane joint during shearing are proven. Rotations and development of stress gradients can be decreased significantly by increasing the size of the bottom specimen and applying a shear velocity at the upper shear box and normal loading piston. Furthermore, peak shear force increases with increasing normal force. Friction angle of cyclic shear tests is smaller than that of direct shear tests. Moreover, significant time shifts between normal and shear force (shear force delay), normal force and friction coefficient (friction coefficient delay) during direct shear tests under DNL boundary conditions are observed and the reference quantity ‘shear-velocity-normal-impact-frequency’ (SV-NIF) to describe the behavior under DNL boundary conditions is defined. Peak shear force and minimum friction coefficient increase with increasing SV-NIF. Relative time shift between normal force and shear force decreases with increase of SV-NIF. The mechanical behavior of the GS-1000 big shear box device is simulated and the loss of normal force caused by the tilting of the loading plate is quantified. Finally, the novel direct and cyclic shear strength criterions under DNL conditions are put forward. The shear strength criterions are in close agreement with the measured values, which indicates that the novel shear strength criterions are able to predict the shear strength under DNL conditions.

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Taylor, Ryan J. "Experimental, analytical, and numerical investigations of high frequency in-plane transverse vibrations of axially moving magnetic tape /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3189202.

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43

N’Diaye, M., F. Martinache, N. Jovanovic, J. Lozi, O. Guyon, B. Norris, A. Ceau, and D. Mary. "Calibration of the island effect: Experimental validation of closed-loop focal plane wavefront control on Subaru/SCExAO." EDP SCIENCES S A, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627093.

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Context. Island effect (IE) aberrations are induced by differential pistons, tips, and tilts between neighboring pupil segments on ground-based telescopes, which severely limit the observations of circumstellar environments on the recently deployed exoplanet imagers (e.g., VLT/SPHERE, Gemini/GPI, Subaru/SCExAO) during the best observing conditions. Caused by air temperature gradients at the level of the telescope spiders, these aberrations were recently diagnosed with success on VLT/SPHERE, but so far no complete calibration has been performed to overcome this issue. Aims. We propose closed-loop focal plane wavefront control based on the asymmetric Fourier pupil wavefront sensor (APF-WFS) to calibrate these aberrations and improve the image quality of exoplanet high-contrast instruments in the presence of the IE. Methods. Assuming the archetypal four-quadrant aperture geometry in 8 m class telescopes, we describe these aberrations as a sum of the independent modes of piston, tip, and tilt that are distributed in each quadrant of the telescope pupil. We calibrate these modes with the APF-WFS before introducing our wavefront control for closed-loop operation. We perform numerical simulations and then experimental tests on a real system using Subaru/SCExAO to validate our control loop in the laboratory and on-sky. Results. Closed-loop operation with the APF-WFS enables the compensation for the IE in simulations and in the laboratory for the small aberration regime. Based on a calibration in the near infrared, we observe an improvement of the image quality in the visible range on the SCExAO/VAMPIRES module with a relative increase in the image Strehl ratio of 37%. Conclusions. Our first IE calibration paves the way for maximizing the science operations of the current exoplanet imagers. Such an approach and its results prove also very promising in light of the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) and the presence of similar artifacts with their complex aperture geometry.

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Qin, Jianbo. "Experimental investigation of bubble behaviours in domestic heat pump water heating system." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17662.

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The growing awareness of global warming potential has internationally aroused interest and demand in reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced by human activity. Each year, the UK consumes a significant amount of energy for residential and industrial space heating and domestic hot water production. At present, gas boilers are mostly installed in the domestic water heating which contributes significantly to excessive CO2 emissions and consumption of primary energy resources. However, air-source heat pump system has higher performance efficiency comparing to the traditional gas boiler, which can reduce the carbon dioxide emission and the usage of primary energy resources. The coefficient of efficiency of the heat pump can be range from 2 to 4.5 in various situations. The market shares of heat pump have been predicted to increase in the coming years to meet the requirement of the European Union Commission. There were about 22,000 heat pumps set up in the UK with 18 percent growth comparing to 2016 as reported by BSRIA. A range from 0.6 to 5.7 million heat pumps are estimated by the National Grid to be set up by 2030 to increase the energy efficiency of the UK. Although the energy efficiency of the heat pump is extremely high, there is still a space for improvement in air-source heat pump water heating system. The performance of the heat pump water heating system can be further enhanced if the dissolved gases in its hot water circuit can be efficiently discharged. The undissolved bubbles can stack in a specific position of the radiator, which would cause the cold spot. This could immensely reduce the efficiency of the heat pump water heating system. To avoid this happening, the bubble behaviors in the heat pump water heating system need to be extensively investigated. The better understanding of the bubble behaviors in an air-source heat pump water heating system can contribute to the design of an air evacuation valve and heat pump piping systems. In this thesis, the effects of various heat pump hot water side parameters on gas microbubble diameters and bubble productions were measured and analyzed by varying different experimental conditions. Correspondingly, a summarized conclusion has been presented to predict the gas microbubble's diameter distributions and volumetric void fraction distributions at different operating conditions. These parameters include various system pressures, water flow rates, and saturation ratios. In this thesis, the main results showed that larger average bubble diameter is at the higher water flow rates at heat pump exit. At 2.2 bar condition, when system water flow rate increased from 800 l/h to 1150 l/h, the average bubble diameter increased from 0.086 mm to 0.108 mm. Moreover, the average bubble diameters increase along with the decrease in system pressures. At 1000 l/h condition, when system pressure increased from 2.2 bar to 2.7 bar, the average bubble diameter decreased from 0.100 mm to 0.087 mm. At 850 l/h condition, when system pressure increased from 1.7 bar to 2.5 bar, the average bubble diameter decreased from 0.101 mm to 0.081 mm. In addition, the average bubble diameters slightly increase along with the increase in saturation ratio. Besides, a prediction equation for the bubble diameter distribution in the water pipe was proposed. At SR 1.15 and 2.5 bar condition, when water flow rate increased from 900 l/h to 1100 l/h, volumetric void fraction decreased from 2.25 E-05 to 4.83 E-06. However, at 1000 l/h and SR 1.15 condition, when system pressure increased from 2.2 bar to 2.7 bar, volumetric void fraction decreased from 2.16 E-05 to 3.78 E-06. It is found that the highest city main saturation ratio was achieved at 1.07 at the specific environmental condition.

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45

O'Hara, Brian. "Comparison of numerical simulation to existing experimental data involving downwash wake reduction for the V-22 Osprey." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4355.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 53 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46).

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46

García, Ariza Alexis Paolo. "Modelling and experimental analysis of frequency dependent MIMO channels." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/6563.

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La integración de tecnologías de ulta-wideband, radio-cognitiva y MIMO representa una herramienta podersoa para mejorar la eficiencia espectral de los sistemas de comunicación inalámbricos. En esta dirección, nuevas estrategias para el modelado de canales MIMO y su caracterización se hacen necesarias si se desea investigar cómo la frecuencia central y el acho de banda afectan el desempeño de los sistemas MIMO. Investigaciones preliminares han enfocado menos atención en cómo estos parámetros afectan las características del canal MIMO. Se presenta una caracterización del canal MIMO en función de la frecuencia, abondándose puntos de vista experimentales y teóricos. Los problemas indicados tratan cinco áreas principales: medidas, post-procesado de datos, generación sintética del canal, estadística multivariable para datos y modelado del canal. Se ha diseñado y validado un sistema de medida basado en un analizador vectorial de redes y se han ejecutado medidas entre 2 y 12 GHz en condiciones estáticas, tanto en línea de vista como no línea de vista. Se ha propuesto y validado un procedimiento confiable para post-procesado, generación sintética de canal y análisis experimental basado en medidas en el dominio de frecuencia. El procedimiento experimental se ha focalizado en matrices de transferencia del canal para casos no selectivos en frecuencia, estimándose además las matrices complejas de covarianza, aplicándose la factorización de Cholesky sobre ls CCM y obteniéndose finalmente matrices de coloreado del sistema. Se presenta un procedimiento de corrección para generación sintética del canal aplicado a casos MIMO de grandes dimensiones y cuando la CCM es indefinida. Este CP permite la factorización de Cholesky y de dichas CCM. Las características multivariables de los datos experimentales han sido investigadas, realizándose un test de normalidad compleja multivariable.
García Ariza, AP. (2009). Modelling and experimental analysis of frequency dependent MIMO channels [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/6563
Palancia

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47

Burns, Michael Edward. "Story-Selling: The Persuasive Effects of Using Stories in University Recruitment." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26563.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the persuasive effects personal stories have on the university recruitment process. Specifically, this study explored how Fisher's (1984) concepts of narrative probability and fidelity influenced Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behavior model using a four-staged quasi-experimental study. Jablin's (1982) anticipatory socialization phase of organizational assimilation theory acted as a context for this applied dissertation. This study evolved over four stages while working with the North Dakota State University Office of Admission. The first stage provided qualitative data exploring students' opinions of using story-based recruitment material. Focus groups also revealed what types of stories would be helpful for prospective students during the college admission process. Stage two developed and tested the narrative probability and fidelity scales based on Fisher's (1984) narrative paradigm. These newly created scales were used to determine the level of narrative probability and narrative fidelity in each of the experimental conditions. Stage three consisted of the creation and testing of the recruitment videos used in each experimental condition. The final stage tested the story-based recruitment and control videos on prospective students visiting North Dakota State University. The results of this dissertation were obtained using a series of ANOVAs, regression analyses, and path model testing techniques. Overall, the results suggested that high levels of narrative probability and narrative fidelity do positively influence prospective students' attitudes toward choosing a university and have a less powerful, but still positive, influence on their subjective norms beliefs and perceived behavioral control of choosing a university. The theory of planned behavior model was also supported by this data. The results of each stage of this study produced theoretical and practical implications. This dissertation concludes with a discussion of the results, implications, limitations, and future research opportunities.

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48

Aumatell, Gomez Guillem [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Wurm. "Experiments on sublimation and contact forces of water ice particles and their application on planet formation / Guillem Aumatell Gomez. Betreuer: Gerhard Wurm." Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077986742/34.

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49

Putten, Koos van. "Size effects on the rolling of small and thin microstrip determined by wire flat rolling and plane strain compression experiments /." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990501116/04.

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Boguski, Brian C. "An Experimental Investigation of the System-Level Behavior of Planetary Gear Sets." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291009879.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Planned experiment'

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