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1
Laughy, Laurence Dominique Renee. "Disaster planning theory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28675.
Full textAbstract:
Recent changes to federal legislation have reinforced the historical shift from a focus on planning for war to one of planning for natural or man-caused disasters. However, disaster planners have not adapted their approach to emergency preparedness and the para-military planning doctrine has led to a number of problems.
Disaster planners have focused on the product, the emergency response plan, rather than on the process of planning. They have failed to involve the community in the planning process and have seen themselves as planning for rather than with the community.
A search for a disaster planning solution leads to an examination of disaster planning literature, organizational development models and traditional planning theories. Disaster planning literature has tended to focus more on providing the disaster planner with concepts and principles to include in creating an emergency response plan, than an actual model or framework for incorporating a community plan.
While organizational development literature has contributed many problem solving techniques and processes to be utilized in order to maximize community input, it has not addressed the problem of working with a pluralistic community, often with incongruent goals.
The traditional planning theories are explored using the heuristic rubic of SITAR as developed by Hudson (1979) and Christensen's (1985) theoretical model linking together Hudson's work with variable problem conditions. These theories are found to be lacking in a variety of ways.
The comprehensive approach, in the setting out of the master plan, does not allow for changes in knowledge, climate or priorities over time. An incremental approach is contingent upon experience for improvement and fails to provide for the shift in focus from emergency response to community education and participation. Transactive planning relies on intuition and experience and becomes a difficult model to use for disaster planners in areas which have had few disasters. While advocacy planning provides a means of elevating public awareness and creating positive public pressure on government bureaucracy, it is a reactionary planning process dependent upon negative circumstances to stimulate the formation of special interest groups. The fragmented approach of radical planning theory fails to provide for a co-ordinated and efficient emergency response. While Christensen's approach to linking planning approaches to different situations resolves some of the problems, it does not allow for a process by which the planner can engage with a changing community over a considerable amount of time.
As a means of providing for changes in both knowledge and community priorities, and. incorporating a philosophical approach based on community participation, the author proposes leadership planning theory as a new paradigm and shows how the adoption of this theory by disaster planners leads to an anticipatory approach rather than a reactive one. The model is developed by examining the processes of goal selection and goal achievement. An argument is made for the selection of goals based on both the community and the planner's knowledge base and value system. Once the goals are selected, the theory adapts the situational leadership model developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1982) to a community based model. This approach provides the disaster planner with a practical means of involving the community in a series of planning processes leading to a mitigative disaster approach.
The final chapter includes a Disaster Planner's Handbook, a step-by-step description of a planning process that can maximize the potential of the leadership planning theory. It is offered as a guide for practicing disaster planners, a means of incorporating the theoretical perpsective with the necessary practical considerations, and, therefore, be of assistance in developing their own community emergency plan.
The thesis concludes with a review of conclusions and suggests areas for further research.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
2
Angelini, Stefano. "Transportation theory and planning." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2324/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to analyze the transport system and its subcomponents in order to
highlight which are the design tools for physical and/or organizational projects related to
transport supply systems. A characteristic of the transport systems is that the change of their
structures can recoil on several entities, groups of entities, which constitute the community.
The construction of a new infrastructure can modify both the transport service characteristic for
all the user of the entire network; for example, the construction of a transportation infrastructure
can change not only the transport service characteristics for the users of the entire network in
which it is part of, but also it produces economical, social, and environmental effects.
Therefore, the interventions or the improvements choices must be performed using a rational
decision making approach. This approach requires that these choices are taken through the
quantitative evaluation of the different effects caused by the different intervention plans. This
approach becomes even more necessary when the decisions are taken in behalf of the
community.
Then, in order to understand how to develop a planning process in Transportation I will firstly
analyze the transport system and the mathematical models used to describe it: these models
provide us significant indicators which can be used to evaluate the effects of possible
interventions.
In conclusion, I will move on the topics related to the transport planning, analyzing the planning
process, and the variables that have to be considered to perform a feasibility analysis or to
compare different alternatives. In conclusion I will perform a preliminary analysis of a new
transit system which is planned to be developed in New York City.
3
Mattix, Ramona. "Feminism as development planning theory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28677.
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This thesis argues that feminism, the political force advocating equity and parity for women vis-a-vis men, provides a much needed critique to developmental planning theory as well as informing planning practice in general. Feminism, in the political arenas of liberalism, socialism, and radical theory, offers alternative views of power relations. These alternative views are submitted as important keys to transformational planning, that is, planning that becomes a force for structural social change.
The concept of discourse is offered in this thesis as a form of social analysis as important to social change as Marxist analysis is to economic change. The voice of women, it is submitted, has been outside public discourse, and this omission has contributed to their social condition.
Within the thesis is an overview of the womens' movement. It also contains an analysis of alternate paths to democracy held by liberal, socialist and radical positions, and discusses the importance of feminist criticism held by women supporting each ideological position.
The liberatory possiblities of mainstream development planning theory "hearing" the voice of women is explored, along with the contention that new institutions which allow for social transformation can best be met by valueing womens' experience, and by initiating change at the household level.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
4
James, Hakeem Kolawole. "Strategic planning : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282936.
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5
Chance, Donald R. "A Behavioral Theory of Planning." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28750.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation introduces a new theory of practice for land planning in America based on behavioralism. It is called culture based incentive planning, or CBIP. The CBIP model and techniques are based on four pillars: cultural snesitivity, behavior analysis, engineered incentive regimes, and the tools of persuasion. CBIP is designed to provide an adaptable framework from which to approch regulatory reform in planning. The framework is applicable to the full range of planning implementation strategies from commond and control to market-based approaches.
CBIP, as a systems model, has been engineered to create a cooperative rather than adversarial relationship between government and the regulated community by recognizing issues of cultural sensitivity, market response, and behavioral motivations. Under the model, effective implementation of planning objectives is directly tied to the role that incentives play in human behavior. Based on the foundation of incentive theory, CBIP integrates a variety of principles and techniques from applied behavior analysis and behavioral economics to align incentives that drive personal behavior with public planning objectives. CBIP utiliizes a variety of incentives in planning practice including economic, process, lifestyle, social, behavioral, and technical assistance inducements.Ph. D.
6
Rajan, Angelique Chettiparamb. "Complexity theory and planning : methodological insights." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55567/.
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The main research question that the thesis addresses is 'what is the relevance of complexity theory for planning'. Having set out to examine a theoretical question, the thesis is guided by the nature of theory development. The realm of generalised discourse, theory contextualisation and empirical examination are thus addressed. The argument starts from an understanding of the nature of complexity theory as it emerges from within the natural sciences. The philosophical grounds of the theory and the way in which complexity theory might relate to the social realm are then discussed. Planning is conceptualised in specific ways and the relevance for second order planning is advanced. The use of complexity theory in the non-quantitative stream within planning is discussed leading to the formulation of a methodology for theory transfer derived from the theory of metaphors. Two concepts for theory transfer and contextualisation are chosen on methodological grounds ---fractals and autopoiesis. The chapter on fractals uses the methodology derived and advances a causal claim for use in the second level of planning defined and argued for earlier empirically demonstrated by re-conceptualising a case-study--- the People's Planning Campaign of Kerala, India. The chapters on autopoiesis focus on the use of concepts from autopoiesis to raise separate sets of questions for planning illustrated by discussing secondary case studies. Instances of ways in which answers might be found to these questions in actual planning practice is then discussed through re-interpreting the case study. In summary, the thesis advances an argument for the relevance of complexity theory for planning and sees this relevance as a contribution to methodological issues that arise from a systemic conception for planning in the second level, foregrounding society such that planning as an activity is undertaken by society leading to an ordering emerging out of local specificity and detail.
7
Hafey, John Richard. "A theory of naval strategic planning." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23424.
Full textAbstract:
This study proposes a theory of naval strategic planning for programming. It identifies and describes those factors which should influence how the Navy determines its future force requirements and eventual capabilities. The work is premised upon the following hypothesis: Within the context of national military strategy, naval long-range planning for future forces should be based on an in-depth understanding of three factors: (1) the future role of the sea in national military strategy; (2) the missions naval forces will be required to perform; and (3) future trends in naval warfare. The first task of planning is to guide the organization into an uncertain future. It must identify those factors which can be used to determine future requirements. The resultant concepts can then be further developed as required by the organization's overall needs. Strategic planning is first and foremost a frame of mind for conceptualizing those requirements. This study proposes a theory to establish that framework. Keywords: Naval planning; Military strategy; Theses. (sdw)
8
Cousins, Laura. "Marketing planning in theory and practice." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296594.
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9
Combrink, Aneri. "Cognitive development in planning theory / A. Combrink." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4564.
Full textAbstract:
This study reconsiders cognitive development in planning theory, in order to expose the underlying cognitive framework through which academics communicate in planning literature. A cognitive framework develops over time and through experience within the minds of theorists and readers of planning theory. This framework forms the basis for orientation and interpretation of planning literature by the reader. This is illustrated by describing the various perspectives within planning theory and the connotations they have with different levels of theorising. The different perspectives involve the nature thereof, the history and its political conviction, underpinned by ideology. The different levels of theorising involve a framework which descends from thinking through to implementation and consists of a philosophical–, meta–theoretical– and a technical (tools) level. The problem is that the concept of a developed cognitive framework is rarely discussed in a constructive manner in planning literature. This proves to be the cause of confusion for students and other readers whom have not yet developed their own cognitive framework. An incomplete framework causes misconceptions from existing literature for example: the purpose of Faludi's book Planning Theory (1973). A discussion of this framework by academics could explain unresolved debates such as the substance and procedural debate and the normative theory versus the positive theory debate. The application of this framework proves that the political conflict in planning theory literature such as the more rational perspectives versus the more socio–political perspectives could be more constructive. Therefore this study argues that a cognitive framework could be determined by the general perspectives in planning literature together with different levels of theorising, and should become a constructive part of planning theory (debate) and education. Furthermore this study argues that if all perspectives are allowed to develop fully (non–competitive and attaining all different levels of theorising), connotations could be made on a meta–theoretical level to provide a proper cross range description of planning and provide a proper basis for comparison and would lead to more relevant and constructive debate(s).Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
10
Yates, George C. (George Cochrane). "A Comprehensive Competitive Advantage Construct: Its Theory and Operationalization." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332834/.
Full textAbstract:
Competitive advantage (CA) is an intuitively evident concept which has been widely used in theoretical research in strategy. But CA's diffuse image and its dynamic nature make it a difficult concept to apply. The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive (or macro) CA construct capable of being applied in an empirical manner across a broad spectrum of business situations. This objective required both an adequate grounding of the CA concept within its nomological- net of theories and a new operationalization approach.
11
Shipley, Robert. "Visioning in strategic planning, theory, practice and evaluation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22238.pdf.
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Jablonski, Carole Ann 1967. "Application of semianalytic satellite theory to maneuver planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42501.
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13
Carvalho, Mario Estevao. "An intellectual history of modern city planning theory." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18082.
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Bercher, Pascal Tobias [Verfasser]. "Hybrid planning - from theory to practice / Pascal Bercher." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-oparu-5299-7.
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15
Bercher, Pascal [Verfasser]. "Hybrid planning - from theory to practice / Pascal Bercher." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150301864/34.
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16
Brown, Irwin T. J. "Espoused theory versus theory in use : the case of strategic information systems planning." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5638.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.Strategic information systems planning (SISP) has been a key issue for Information Systems (IS) managers over several decades. As a consequence, much research has been devoted to studing it. Noted concerns have been the gap between opinion and practice, and the absence of a sound theory to underpin it. Attempts at developing an overarching theoretical framework have typically used an input-process-output variance model as the basis. Rich processual elements of SISP, and the existence of feedback loops, which could then lead to improved practice, have however, been noted as absent from these models. Synthesis and integration of the above concerns lead to the goal of this study, which was to develop rich processual theories about SISP. The grounded theory methodology was ideally suited to this purpose as it aims to develop theory that is well grounded in data, and therefore very much reflective of the reality presented by the data.
17
Xu, Bin. "Fast Path Planning in Uncertain Environments: Theory and Experiments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29734.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation addresses path planning for an autonomous vehicle navigating in a two dimensional environment for which an a priori map is inaccurate and for which the environment is sensed in real-time. For this class of application, planning decisions must be made in real-time. This work is motivated by the need for fast autonomous vehicles that require planning algorithms to operate as quickly as possible.
In this dissertation, we first study the case in which there are only static obstacles in the environment. We propose a hybrid receding horizon control path planning algorithm that is based on level-set methods. The hybrid method uses global or local level sets in the formulation of the receding horizon control problem. The decision to select a new level set is made based on certain matching conditions that guarantee the optimality of the path. We rigorously prove sufficient conditions that guarantee that the vehicle will converge to the goal as long as a path to the goal exists. We then extend the proposed receding horizon formulation to the case when the environment possesses moving obstacles. Since all of the results in this dissertation are based on level-set methods, we rigorously investigate how level sets change in response to new information locally sensed by a vehicle. The result is a dynamic fast marching algorithm that usually requires significantly less computation that would otherwise be the case. We demonstrate the proposed dynamic fast marching method in a successful field trial for which an autonomous surface vehicle navigated four kilometers through a riverine environment.Ph. D.
18
Liu, Yaxin. "Decision-Theoretic Planning under Risk-Sensitive Planning Objectives." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6959.
Full textAbstract:
Risk attitudes are important for human decision making, especially in scenarios where huge wins or losses are possible, as exemplified by planetary rover navigation, oilspill response, and business applications. Decision-theoretic planners therefore need to take risk aspects into account to serve their users better. However, most existing decision-theoretic planners use simplistic planning objectives that are risk-neutral. The thesis research is the first comprehensive study of how to incorporate risk attitudes into decision-theoretic planners and solve large-scale planning problems represented as Markov decision process models. The thesis consists of three parts.
The first part of the thesis work studies risk-sensitive planning in case where exponential utility functions are used to model risk attitudes. I show that existing decision-theoretic planners can be transformed to take risk attitudes into account. Moreover, different versions of the transformation are needed if the transition probabilities are implicitly given, namely, temporally extended probabilities and probabilities given in a factored form.
The second part of the thesis work studies risk-sensitive planning in case where general nonlinear utility functions are used to model risk attitudes. I show that a state-augmentation approach can be used to reduce a risk-sensitive planning problem to a risk-neutral planning problem with an augmented state space. I further use a functional interpretation of value functions and approximation methods to solve the planning problems efficiently with value iteration. I also show an exact method for solving risk-sensitive planning problems where one-switch utility functions are used to model risk attitudes.
The third part of the thesis work studies risk sensitive planning in case where arbitrary rewards are used. I propose a spectrum of conditions that can be used to constrain the utility function and the planning problem so that the optimal expected utilities exist and are finite. I prove that the existence and finiteness properties hold for stationary plans, where the action to perform in each state does not change over time, under different sets of conditions.
19
Fatouros, Dimitrios Michael. "Mathematical modelling for international tax planning." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7954.
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Crim, Stephen J. (Stephen Johnson). "Developing a theory of nightclub location choice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44354.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-77).
This work is an investigation of the factors that influence where nightclubs locate within a city. Nightclubs, like other social spaces, provide important social and economic benefits in the urban environment. As amenities, they attract labor to cities, and as sites of social exchange, they provide space in which individuals can create the networks necessary for innovative industrial production, especially in the fine arts and other creative sectors. Nightclubs also appear to have a role in neighborhood upgrading or gentrification. Despite their importance, this is the first study on the factors that determine nightclub location choice. New York City and primarily Manhattan were chosen as sites for investigation because of the City's high number of nightclubs, and because of the regulatory as well as real estate pressures that are currently affecting the industry. A variety of sources, including personal interviews with nightclub owners and their employees, various government documents, as well as spatial and non-spatial databases, were consulted to formulate conclusions. As is the case with other forms of retail, nightclub owners are most concerned with patron accessibility and proximity to complimentary businesses when deciding where to locate their businesses. Other factors are also discussed, as is a theory of how super-regional nightclub clusters form. Not surprisingly, the author finds that nightclub location choice is highly constrained by the content, administration, and evolution of various city and state laws. Finally, recommendations designed to ease the regulatory burden on nightclubs while still controlling for nuisance concerns are presented for both government agencies and the industry.
by Stephen J. Crim.
M.C.P.
21
Ferguson, Gibson R. "Language planning in education an analysis of theory and practice /." Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 2006. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10137887.
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Reichenberger, James Richard. "Applicability of educational reconstruction theory in present day curriculum planning." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005reichenbergerj.pdf.
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Soylemez, Emrah. "Gis-based Search Theory Application For Search And Rescue Planning." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608362/index.pdf.
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Search and Rescue (SAR) operations aim at finding missing objects with minimum
time in a determined area. There are fundamentally two problems in these
operations. The first problem is assessing highly reliable probability distribution
maps, and the second is determining the search pattern that sweeps the area from
the air as fast as possible.
In this study, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi criteria decision
analysis (MCDA) are integrated and a new model is developed based upon Search
Theory in order to find the position of the missing object as quickly as possible
with optimum resource allocation. Developed model is coded as a search planning
tool for the use of search and rescue planners. Inputs of the model are last known
position of the missing object and related clues about its probable position.
In the developed model, firstly related layers are arranged according to their
priorities based on subjective expert opinion. Then a multi criteria decision method
is selected and each data layer is multiplied by a weight corresponding to search
expert&rsquos rank. Then a probability map is established according to the result of MCDA methods. In the second phase, the most suitable search patterns used in literature are applied based on established probability map. The developed model is a new approach to shortening the time in SAR operations and finding the suitable search pattern for the data of different crashes.
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McGuinness, Mark. "Post-colonial spaces? : interrogating the spaces of planning and theory." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590289.
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This thesis is concerned with how space is represented. Of particular interest are discursive constructions of space in the formal articulations of spatial planning and the contemporary languages of academic geography and social science. It is suggested that no understanding of the Western spatial imaginary could be complete without consideration of the constituting logic of colonisation and spatial expansion on Western ideas of space and its potentialities. Empirical illustrations are taken from the physical, formal language of the British new towns projects, Corbusian planning ideas and Victorian urban social reform agitations. There is a consideration of academic literatures that imply, suggest and promote differing versions of space. Concerns about the continued 'white eye' of the new post-colonial place geographies of contemporary Britain are outlined. Argued through a broad, interdisciplinary literature, particular focus is placed on redefining colonialism as a discursive strategy for appropriating others. The thesis concludes that there is a continued need for a decolonisation of Western spatial identities and registers.
25
Lee, Soonchul. "Managing I/S planning and design : a control theory perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14500.
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Ferguson, Gibson Ronald. "Language planning in education : an analysis of theory and practice." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18877.
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Martinez-Cesena, Eduardo Alejandro. "Real options theory applied to renewable energy generation projects planning." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/real-options-theory-applied-to-renewable-energy-generation-projects-planning(280f3df5-f1be-4999-bd33-3931ce3cdbbd).html.
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The existing environmental threats and the ever increasing global dependence on electric power highlight the importance of producing power in a sustainable manner. In accordance, it is vital to attract investments in electricity generation projects based on renewable energy sources, also called renewable energy projects (REP). This poses a challenge, as REP tend to be less financially competitive than their fossil fuel based counterparts. Moreover, the power grid has to be upgraded to integrate large amounts of RESs in an efficient and economic manner. An appealing alternative to enhance the financial appealing of REP is to improve the techniques used for their assessment. These tools produce robust and economically sound assessments, but tend to undervalue REP and other projects under uncertainty, as they neglect the flexibility of the projects to be adjusted in response to uncertainty. This can be corrected by extending the tools with the aid of real options (RO) theory. RO theory can be used to extend assessment techniques to value flexibility derived from the projects, their management, and even their environment, which can be used to enhance the financial value of REP in the changing power sector. In addition, the scope of RO theory is increasing to address flexibility in the design of the projects. Therefore, the theory can drive investments in REP and motivate the design of more profitable projects. This research project seeks to analyse the potential of RO theory to increase the financial worth of different types of REP in the current and changing power sector. The novelties of this research are that it expands RO theory by addressing the flexibility within the design of the projects, the potential of RO theory to manage uncertainties that are exclusive to the projects or typical in the power sector, and other relevant areas of research interest. The research produced several RO methodologies to model the planning, operation, and design of hydropower projects, wind power projects, and solar photovoltaic projects in existing power sector environments and environments characterised by high penetration of RESs and consumers with demand response capabilities. The results demonstrate the applicability of RO theory to enhance the financial value of different types of REP under a wide range of circumstances.
28
Schwartz, Thomas Joseph. "A theory and model for the planning of land combat." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA238309.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Caldwell, William J. ; Johnson, Laura D. Second Reader: Whitaker, Lyn R. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on December 18, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Test And Evaluation, Data Bases, Warfare, Land Warfare, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Theory, Coherence, Planning, War Games, Battles, Corps Level Organizations. DTIC Identifier(s): Army Operations, War Games, Land Combat Operations, Theses, Army Planning, Data Bases, Mathematical Models. Author(s) subject terms: Land warfare, military planning, military science, theory of combat, categorical modeling, multivariate analysis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53). Also available in print.
29
Smith, Daniel J. "Ecological effects of roads theory, analysis, management, and planning considerations /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0002308.
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Griffith, Adam D. "Planning for Coastal Resilience| The Intersection of Theory and Practice." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10978695.
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In the face of accelerating sea-level rise, people continue to live near and develop the coast. In the United States, we have chosen adaptation and protection, via coastal defenses, over retreat from the coast despite the unsustainable nature of efforts to rebuild our towns after storms. Coastal resilience has emerged as the dominant post-disaster narrative and has reinvigorated efforts to help our coasts recover from storms, but the application of theory-based principles of coastal resilience remains unclear. Here, I show that coastal resilience plans incorporate theory-based elements of coastal resilience significantly more than beach management plans. I reviewed over 3,000 pages in 22 planning documents and recorded use of 27 management techniques in five categories associated with coastal resilience. A Mann-Whiney U test found that resilience plans (n = 10) contained significantly more (p < 0.05) techniques than beach management plans (n = 12) overall, but none of the differences in plan scores was significant when examined by category of technique. This research uncovers inadequacies of the current level of adaptation for sea-level rise, challenges the current process of coastal land use planning, and suggests improvements municipalities can implement to maximize impacts of coastal resilience planning such as developing holistic, diverse plans that include socioeconomic resilience and collaboration between practitioners and theorists.
31
Turner, Charles Hudson. "Causal action theories and satisfiability planning /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Skinner, Ian. "Sustainable transport in theory and practice : the case of South East England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311597.
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Baxter, Herman Leon. "Toward a Theory of Gentrification." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1240629969.
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DESHPANDE, AMIT A. "Virtual Enterprise Resource Planning for Production Planning and Control Education." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211238271.
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Hunter, Stacey. "Scotland's New Urbanism : in theory and practice." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15745.
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What form is taken by the architecture and planning movement known as the New Urbanism in Scotland? To answer this, and offer an original contribution to knowledge, the thesis takes as its starting point a survey of New Urbanism and moves to connect it to how New Urbanism is understood and practised in contemporary Scottish urbanism. In it, I argue that New Urbanism does not pay attention to the complexities of the recent spatial-social history of places and adds to the semantic confusion of new places generally. The thesis is a historical-spatial study concerned with the transfer of knowledge between New Urbanist theories and practice and how they have been received and reconfigured transnationally. The thesis is organised into four parts. It begins with a literature review that is a metahistoric account of the movement paying close attention to the symbiotic relationship of the U.S. and Anglo-European procedures and charting the theoretical basis and key figures, events and canonical developments. The scale narrows its focus throughout the thesis in a linear fashion, moving in chapter three to a close reading and review of Scottish governmental policy documents and associated literature produced since 2001. The aim here is to chart patterns in the official approaches that illuminate a tendency towards the New Urbanist procedure. I posit that government support for New Urbanism demonstrates an institutional preference for growth over social equity. I argue that the emergent New Urbanism in Scotland is representative of a perceived lack of community aligned with the privileging of upper middle-class tastes and lifestyles which are held as the dominant representation of cultural life (S. Zukin, 2009). Simultaneously, a move towards neo-traditional planning and architecture is also a politically sanctioned strategy for economic growth that prioritises growth in housing over environmental or ecological sustainability. Two site studies document the emerging New Urbanism in Scotland by analysing two different approaches. The site studies deal with one built example and one masterplan located in Ayrshire and Aberdeenshire respectively. Separated into two sections they can be read as comparative studies which account for two distinct manifestations of Scottish New Urbanism; a modified Anglo-European version promoted by the Prince’s Foundation for Building Community and an ‘imported’ US version typically led by established urban designers DPZ (or Urban Design Associates), with both broadly receiving government support. The purpose of the research is to contribute to a better understanding of the movement’s origins and subsequent recontextualisation in a specifically Scottish condition. This is arguably relevant not only to contemporary Scottish urbanism but to general scholarship on the organisation and politics of space.
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Zhang, Huyue. "Theory and practice of debt financing in REITs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71105.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-57).
Miller and Modigliani's classic finance theory proposes that debt does not add to a firm's value in the absence of corporate tax. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) have no corporate level income tax and meet M & M's perfect market assumption. In reality, however, REIT operators use a significant amount of debt on their balance sheet. There seems to be a contradiction between practice and theory. This thesis developed a statistical model, which demonstrated the relationship between leverage and the cost of equity capital in a sample of 60 equity REITs including four property types. The model indicated a positive relationship between leverage ratio and cost of equity. When a firm adds additional debt, the cost of equity is increased in the form of a higher FFO yield, which is often associated with the decline of stock price. On one hand, the increased debt level increases the required return on equity, and therefore increases the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). On the other hand, the debt is cheaper than the overall return on asset, and the addition of debt lowers the WACC value. The positive and negative effects of a high debt level on WACC are then neutralized. Finally, the model indicated that the WACC value is invariant to the changes of leverage ratios and directionally supported the M & M theory. The model also verified that the size of a firm has an inverse relationship with the cost of equity. The larger firms usually have a lower cost of equity.
by Huyue Zhang.
S.M.
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Burton, P. "Planning theory and public policy : An analysis of policies for the London Docklands." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373826.
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Chapman, Shelley Ann. "A Theory of Curriculum Development in the Professions: An Integration of Mezirow's Transformative Learning Theory with Schwab's Deliberative Curriculum Theory." [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1173793131.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Antioch University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Apr. 10, 2007). Advisor: Jon F. Wergin. Keywords: transformative learning theory, deliberative curriculum theory, graduate professional education, theory building, higher education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 377-399).
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Birkin, M. H. "Applications of dynamical systems theory to urban modelling : New subsystems and extended comprehensive models." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375343.
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Baumann, Nicolas Exner. "Townscape in urban conservation : the impact of the theory of townscape on conservation planning." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10932/.
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Xu, Lu. "Hierarchical behavior planning in distributed decision making systems." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157037697.
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Mackay, Heather Elizabeth. "Application of the theory-driven approach to evaluation in program planning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ56137.pdf.
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FILIPPO, THAIS HERNANDEZ. "STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS PLANNING AND EXECUTION UNDER UNCERTAINTY: REAL OPTION THEORY CONTRIBUTIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19254@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORPROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Este trabalho se propõe a orientar como utilizar de forma conjunta e complementar os conceitos de Estratégia Empresarial e Finanças, mais especificamente da Teoria de Opções Reais, uma moderna teoria de análise de investimentos sob incerteza. Nas empresas vem coexistindo dois sistemas para a alocação de recursos: o planejamento estratégico e a orçamentação de capital, em geral, o primeiro define as iniciativas estratégicas e o segundo faz a verificação de viabilidade econômico-financeira destas iniciativas. Entretanto, muitas vezes a intuição vai contra as análises financeiras tradicionais. Além disso, a complexidade da tomada de decisão estratégica em um ambiente de incerteza vem crescendo em função do acelerado dinamismo do mercado e da infinidade de oportunidades que aparecem em um mundo altamente globalizado e conectado. Portanto, a união dos conceitos atualmente dispersos nestes dois sistemas é de fundamental importância para a deliberação e execução de estratégias consistentes e lucrativas. A Teoria de Opções Reais, cujas características se aproximam mais da realidade estratégica por considerar as flexibilidades gerenciais e não ter a abordagem passiva das ferramentas tradicionais, aparece, então, como uma resposta a esta necessidade de aproximação. Neste contexto, esta dissertação busca analisar a contribuição desta teoria à Estratégia Empresarial e construir um modelo que aproxime estes dois campos de estudo e direcione a prática de planejamento e execução de investimentos estratégicos.
This work intends to give guidance on how to use jointly and complementarily the concepts of Corporate Strategy and Finance, specifically the Theory of Real Options, a modern theory of investment analysis under uncertainty. In corporate practice are co-existing two systems for resource allocation, strategic planning and capital budgeting. Usually the first defines the strategic initiatives and the second checks the economic viability of these initiatives. However, intuition often goes against the traditional financial analysis. Moreover, the complexity of strategic decision making in an uncertain environment is growing rapidly as a function of market dynamics and the myriad of opportunities that appear in a highly globalized and connected world. Therefore, the union of these two concepts currently dispersed in these systems is of fundamental importance for the deliberation and execution of consistent and profitable strategies. Real Options Theory, whose characteristics are closer to reality by considering the strategic and managerial flexibility and not having the passive approach of traditional tools, then appears as a response to this need for approximation. In this context, this dissertation seeks to analyze the contribution of this theory to business strategy and build a model that combines these two fields of study and directs the practice of planning and execution of strategic investments.
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Alleyne, Kim L. "Developing resident leadership : theory and practice in Boston's neighborhoods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33008.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-100).
For decades, Boston residents have worked together and organized to strengthen and protect their neighborhoods, often in response to encroaching government policy and local development. The South End's Villa Victoria housing complex is a testament to the work of Puerto Rican residents to gain site control and save the area from demolition under Urban Renewal in 1968. In the 1960s, residents in several communities lobbied the state to stop the destruction of their homes as part of a planned extension of the interstate highway. Today, the Southwest Corridor Park reminds us of that successful organizing effort. It represents the first time federal funds were used to develop a combined open space and transit system.
by Kim L. Alleyne.
M.C.P.
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Okamura, Renee Miyuki. "People of color in alliance : from theory to practice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69284.
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Hatley, Pamela Jo. "Preserving Place: A Grounded Theory of Citizen Participation in Community-Based Planning." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4503.
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For this research project I used grounded theory methodology and qualitative research methods to examine how and why citizens participated in local community-based planning and land development entitlement processes, and learn about their experiences participating in those processes. I conceptualized the citizens' main concern as preserving the character of the place they consider their community. This research demonstrates that citizens participate in community-based planning and land development entitlement processes out of a concern for preserving the character of their communities. They define the character of their communities in terms of their geographic boundaries, history, traditions, people, lifestyle, and qualitative features including land uses, architecture, terrain, and environmental attributes. "Preserving Place" refers to citizens' efforts to maintain the character of their communities as they know and embrace them.
Citizens participate in collaborative community-based planning because they believe the process affords them an opportunity to set public policy that directly impacts their lives and their communities. Likewise, citizens participate in land development decision-making and entitlement processes in an effort to ensure that land use decisions are consistent with their community plan and preserve their community's character. Citizens form networks, such as voluntary community organizations, through which they organize their efforts and mentor each other to learn about complex local government land use processes and how to participate in them effectively. Through their network organizations citizens also marshal resources when necessary to mount formal legal actions in response to land development decisions they perceive as inconsistent with their community plan and their community's character.
Citizens who participate in local government land use processes are often pejoratively called "activists" and accused of being "anti-growth" or "NIMBY" (Not-In-My-Back-Yard). However, this research shows the main concern of citizens who participate in the community-based planning and other land use processes is not to oppose growth and development in their communities; but rather to plan for growth and development and ensure they occur in a way that respects and preserves what the citizens know as the character of the places they consider their communities.
I collected data from public records of community-based planning workshops and other land use decision-making processes that affected three communities in Hillsborough County, Florida between 1998 and 2011. I analyzed public record archives and interviewed 22 citizens, all of whom had participated in community-based planning or plan review processes and land development entitlement processes. The model that emerged from the data in this research demonstrates how significant the character of a community is to the people who embrace the community and consider it their home, and how their concern for preserving the character of their community motivates people to get involved in land use policies that affect them. The model further demonstrates the capacity of citizens to organize their efforts to defend and preserve their community's character.
This research contributes to the literature on citizen participation by providing an explanatory model that demonstrates how and why citizens participate in local government land use processes. This research can also be applied to practice to improve collaborative processes and help local government land use policy makers and land developers understand the motivations behind citizen participation in land use processes, and thus how to approach the resolution of conflicts among citizens, planners, local governments, private landowners and land development interests.
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Carley, Michael. "Planning in the modern state : a new synthesis and a programme for theory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41443.
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The notion that there is some crisis of public sector planning is common, and a
literature review reveals this concern extends across the social sciences, and even to
the conception and working of the modern welfare state. The dissertation links
political science and philosophy with organisation theory to explain the parameters
and tensions governing planning by the state, and proposes an agenda for liberal
democratic planning theory for the 1990s. It is argued that these notions of crisis
have a common basis in endemic tensions in the modern state which define the
planning context. The instability of this context is heightened by increased
turbulence in organizational relations at all levels and in the world economic system,
and by readjustments in political values reflected in the election of conservative
governments in many countries.
The idea of crisis provides a useful beginning for analysing the problem of planning,
an understanding of which requires a broad view of the socio-political and
epistemoiogical context in which planners operate. The concept of planning crisis is
broken down into constituent parts from which, it is argued, a more profound view of
the context of planning is rebuilt, and from which more appropriate responses to
societal problems are likely to arise. By devising a formulation that generalizes
expectable constraints across various planning situations, an original contribution is
made towards a partial theory of the institutional and professional contexts of
planning action.
First, planning is defined as an instrumental expression of the role of the state in
society which attempts to assert the preeminence of the future in the present, in
terms of control over scarce resources and private property for some greater good fostered by the state. Then the historical and philosophical basis for the role of the
state is discussed in terms of factors which both underlie, and undermine, planning
action: state power and individual freedom, social control for state stability, and the
role of markets in terms of broader social objectives. The problem of planning is
examined in terms of tensions between centre and periphery, economic objectives and
political aspirations, opposing and confused trends to centralization and
decentralization, and inter-organizational conflict and re-adjustment which seems an
inevitable consequence of state intervention in society.
In organisation theory, planning is seen as an attempt to manage change in turbulent
environments characterised by uncertainty, inconsistent and ill-defined values, and an
inability to predict the cumulative consequences of action. Analytic tools for
understanding the planning dilemma are discussed, particularly conceptions of
organizational learning, resources, networks, and capacity to innovate. The
usefulness of static models for understanding dynamic planning situations is
questioned.
The discussion of the crisis of planning is concluded by turning to its epistemoiogical
dimension, termed a crisis of rationality. This refers to the inability of social
scientists to model complex social systems, and their seeming failure to devise theory
useful to social action. The legacy of positivism and the concept of rationality in
planning thought are examined. Three influential planning theories are analysed in
terms of their contribution to an understanding of the crisis of planning and extent to
which they can offer practical guidance.
The conclusion relates the main themes to the current theoretical task, which is to
build up a series of useful, partial, conceptions of the possibility for planning action from a realistic understanding of its socio-political context. It is argued that the
crisis of planning is rooted in the inevitable lack of consensus about the state's role,
and the efficacy of intervention in the workings of the market in terms of human
benefit and social justice. This lack of consensus is also set in a fundamental
relationship to the crisis of rationality.
First, it is argued that planning theorists have a responsibility to explore the
practical implications of organizational options at the state-market conjuncture.
Further, as any conception of the future is an interactive fusion of fact and value,
theorists have a responsibility to develop ethical frameworks and principles, which
may help combine the practical benefits of market mechanisms in terms of feedback
with a conception of the transcending social responsibility of the state and the need
to 'embed' ethical principles in political culture. Second, appropriate organizational
responses to uncertainty are proposed, in particular action learning, inter-agency
ventures, negotiation, cooperation, and risk taking.
Third, the implications for planning theory of the boundaries of social scientific
inquiry are examined, in light of endemic uncertainty, the drive to unified social
theory which distances theoretical abstractions from reality, and the lure of
academic structures and rewards which inhibit the required holistic and
interdisciplinary approach. A policy model is proposed which reflects the centrality
of values in the planning context, the non-revolutionary nature of planning action,
and the position of planning knowledge as a lever on the distribution of societal
power, requiring ethical norms.
In an appendix, analytic elements derived from the work are used in a case study of
urban decline and planning response in the UK.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Capozzi, Brian Joseph. "Evolution-based path planning and management for autonomous vehicles /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10001.
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Gundogan, Ozdemir. "Spatial Planning And The Idea Of Progress: Zonguldak Regional And Metropolitan Planning Experiences." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606050/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The object of the study is spatial planningthe point of view to spatial planning is idea of progress. Within this framework, this thesis will examine, planning activity, one of the most important mediation between planners and space. Planning activity will express itself as the circulation of purpose (analysis) and action during the thesis. Firstly, spontaneity of objective purpose, partial conscious character of political purpose and conscious position of subjective purpose will be admitted as global irrational action, and so spatial planning will be assumed as a priori against idea of progress. Secondly, (partial) conscious position will express itself as the conflict of truth and illusion. Thirdly, totality, the representative of process of becoming, will supply itself as the object of idea of progress. Therefore, while examining concrete forms of planning, totality will become the mean of idea of progress. Within this context, the first claim of our thesis is that concrete forms of planning cannot bring about the progress directly. The second claim is that they are unconscious about their position in conflict and developing one-sided attitude against space. Lastly, in the sense of totality, the third claim is that planning theories and practices, historically, produce opposinary dynamics in them. Therefore, it will be introduced that two one-sided critiques of comprehensive planning- one is materialist and the other is idealist- comes together and produces structure planning. Moreover, structure planning will be claimed as flexible modes of becoming, abstractly sublating historical ideologies. As a result the new modes of becoming will be considered, similarly, loading its conflict and opposinary dynamics in it, this conflict is the conflict between concrete form of planning departuring from reality and planning theory arriving to reality.
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Sawalha, Ihab Hanna. "Business continuity management and strategic planning : the case of Jordan." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/10172/.
Full textAbstract:
Business Continuity Management (BCM) is a process that focuses on counteracting organizational risk, disasters and crises. Placing Business Continuity Management in the context of Strategic Planning (SP) will help organizations to cope with a wide range of unexpected incidents before, during and after their occurrence. Subsequently, this will help to ensure the long-term survival of an organization. The aim of this research is to develop an understanding of the significance of placing BCM in the context of SP. This requires studying BCM, its significance, role and practice; Strategic Planning, its significance, purpose and potential vulnerability; the rationale for placing BCM in the context of SP; the factors that are likely to influence placing BCM in the context of SP including driving factors and obstacles; and managers’ views of BCM and the placing of BCM in the context of SP. This research was undertaken in the Jordanian context. Data was collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires which were conducted with general managers and other key managers from Jordanian organizations from the banking, insurance, industrial and services sectors. 110 questionnaires were collected. The questionnaires were followed by 10 semi-structured interviews in order to support the quantitative findings obtained by the questionnaires. The research findings revealed that 80.9% of the surveyed organizations in Jordan used BCM. Those organizations that used BCM differed to some extent in their practice of BCM. 51.8% of the surveyed organizations had BCM placed in the context of SP. SP was important for achieving organizational purposes including those related to BCM. The approach to BCM, which is adopted in Jordanian organizations, helped to place BCM in the context of SP. There were a number of factors that discouraged some Jordanian organizations from placing BCM in the context of SP. However, there were also a number of factors that encouraged some other Jordanian organizations to place BCM in the context of SP. Managers had positive views regarding BCM. They either agreed or strongly agreed that BCM can be integrated with SP; BCM would help their organizations to cope with various types of disasters and crises if it is integrated with SP; BCM was an integral part of their organizations’ approach to risk; and BCM was not an extra burden to their businesses.