Journal articles: 'Plant and machinery valuation'

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Derry, Chris. "Plant and Machinery Valuation." Journal of Property Valuation and Investment 9, no. 2 (February 1991): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635789110030886.

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Otegbulu, Austin Chike. "Methodological lapses in plant and equipment valuation amongst Lagos valuers." Property Management 37, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-09-2018-0053.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of discrepancy in the valuation process adopted by valuers in the study area with a view to provide solution. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on both structured questionnaire and content analysis of valuation reports. In total, 185 (41 percent) structured questionnaires were randomly distributed to practicing estate surveying firms; out of 450 firms in Lagos, 173 were retrieved and used for analysis. However, the content analysis was based on 54 valuation reports on plants and equipment to investigate the extent of compliance to valuation process, standard and best practices among practitioners. Findings The findings from the study show that most of the practitioners lack the expertise to carry out plant and machinery (P&M) valuation, and there is evidence of poor application of methodology and lack of adherence to standards. Practical implications The findings from this study will reinforce the need for specialization and enforcement of standard in plant and equipment valuation practice, which will enthrone consistency, uniformity and reliability. Originality/value This study is the first to deal with methodology lapses in plant and equipment valuation in the study area. Ashaolu (2016) worked on the inter-disciplinary nature of plant and equipment valuation, whereas Otegbulu and Babawale (2011) worked on valuer’s perception or potential sources of inaccuracy in P&M valuation in Nigeria.

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Jansen van Vuuren, David. "Modified sales comparison method: valuing under (un)certainty." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 35, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-09-2016-0074.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to suggest a modified sales comparison model that is scalable and adaptable to value under conditions of certainty and uncertainty. The model can potentially be applied to residential property, non-residential property and large item plant and machinery in determining the value, rental or capitalisation rate. The second purpose is to address practitioner and end user bias, which if unaddressed can lead to potentially inconsistent valuation results. Design/methodology/approach Literature was reviewed on decision theory, specifically cognitive limitations, heuristics and biases. A qualitative approach is followed in the paper although the output of the proposed model itself is quantitative. Findings The paper argues that practitioners and end users alike tend to avoid advanced statistical techniques when valuing under conditions of certainty, while advanced statistical techniques would not be possible under conditions of uncertainty. In addition, practitioners can, due to the representative heuristic, be over-confident in their ability, skill or knowledge when performing valuations under conditions of certainty. When valuing under conditions of uncertainty, practitioners tend to avoid simple rule models as they consider the process too unique to be standardised. The combined effect is inconsistent valuation results unless it can potentially be addressed through an integrated and modified sales comparison model that takes into account varying degrees of certainty and uncertainty. Practical implications The proposed modified sales comparison model is an integrated model that can be adopted by practitioners in valuing residential, non-residential and large plant and machinery. It can potentially be used to value under conditions of certainty and uncertainty and improve valuation consistency. End users such as mortgage lenders and investors can benefit from the adoption of this model. Originality/value The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated and modified sales comparison model for valuing under conditions of certainty, normal uncertainty and abnormal uncertainty. The integrated model can value based on direct comparison under conditions of certainty and uncertainty while addressing the in practice avoidance of advanced statistical techniques and the implications of the representative heuristic and halo effect as cognitive biases on valuation consistency.

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Otegbulu, Austin, and G. K. Babawale. "Valuers' perception of potential sources of inaccuracy in plant and machinery valuation in Nigeria." Property Management 29, no. 3 (June 28, 2011): 238–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637471111139419.

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Usherenko, S. V., and Y. Y. Kharchenko. "Applying the Market Multipliers to Valuate the Unprofitable Corporate Enterprises." Business Inform 11, no. 526 (2021): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-11-302-308.

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A topical problem and a sought-after task is the assessment of value of the enterprise’s business and a value-oriented management of this business, which is of particular importance for diagnosing the financial condition of unprofitable enterprises, in particular debtor enterprises, at the stage of their financial sanitation and restoration of solvency. The relevance of application for unprofitable corporate enterprises of a common methodology for assessing the value of business with the help of a system of market multipliers is analyzed, which is then classified into groups, including the following: 1) earnings multipliers: «share price/earnings per share» (P/E), «price/sales – P/S», «value of business/sales» (EV/S), «value of business/profit from operating activities» (EV/Sales margin, valuates the enterprise according to the profitability of its core operations), and EV/EBITDA (estimation of the company’s total profit by all types of activities); 2) balance financial indicators: «value of business/balance value of assets» (EV/BV), «shares price/balance value of share capital» or «share price/balance value of net assets» (P/BV or P/BVE), «value of business/cost of buildings, machines and equipment on the balance sheet», or «value of business/value of non-current assets» (enterprise value/property, plant and equipment – EV/PP&E); «share price/net asset substitution value» (multiplier Q, or Tobin’s Q), «share price/net asset value», or P/NAV); 3) natural multipliers: price/volume of production, price/winning, etc. It is determined that each group of financial multipliers has advantages and disadvantages of its relevance to informativeness, and this must be taken into account when choosing multipliers for value assessment. The correctness of the choice of multipliers depends on the task of assessing the value of the share capital or the value of the business of enterprise in general. It is argued that the assessment of any enterprise or group of enterprises is a separate specific case that requires taking into account the key features of the enterprise activities. Taking into account such features, the correct choice of the multiplier and its modification is the key to obtaining a relevant assessment of the value of the enterprise. It is recommended to use a system from several multipliers for a relevant valuation of the enterprise, as well as apply several approaches to such a valuation. In case of valuation of the enterprise that is in the process of bankruptcy or systematically receives losses, the use of EV/S and EV/BV multipliers appears the most correct. To test the carried out theoretical-methodological analysis of the application of the market multipliers to valuate unprofitable enterprises, their application to valuate five unprofitable Ukrainian mines is presented, which serves as a verification of the recommendations developed in the work.

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Smolyak, S. A. "The Poisson process of machinery degradation: Application to valuation." Journal of the New Economic Association 48, no. 4 (2020): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2020-48-4-3.

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The machinery degradation process is described by a random process in which failures occur with constant intensity, and with each failure the rate of benefits generated by the machinery item reduces by a random amount. If the machinery item begins to generate negative benefits, it is subject to decommissioning. We get explicit expressions for the average life of the machinery items and the coefficient of variation of the service life. Machine’s value is determined by discounting the flow of benefits from its future use. This allows to link this value with the rate of benefits that the machinery item brings. In cases where there is no information on the amount of such benefits, appraisers rely on the machine’s age. However, different machinery items of the same age may be found in a different condition and therefore are characterized by different values. We offer formulas for calculating the percent good factors reflecting the average decrease in the equipment’s value with age. To take into account the effects of income tax, property tax and inflation, it suffices to adjust the discount rate in the constructed model. It has been verified that the proposed dependencies are in a fairly good agreement with market price data for two different types of construction equipment.

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Sadchenko, Oleksandr, and Oleksandr Shevchenko. "CLASSIFICATIONS OF JUDICIAL COMPANY EXPERTISE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 67 (August 9, 2022): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.61.

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The analysis of the practice of using special commodity knowledge shows that for research at the present level it is necessary to develop theoretical problems, among which the classification of forensic examinations is relevant. The authors offer their own classification of forensic examinations on various grounds. 1. According to the degree of generalization, subordination, forensic examinations should be divided into: class, genera, species and subspecies. Class: commodity examinations. Types: a) commodity examination of food products; b) commodity examination of non-food products; c) commodity examination of works and services. Types (subspecies): a) commodity examination of food products is divided into: – examination of goods of plant origin; – examination of goods of animal origin; – examination of goods of mixed origin. b) commodity examination of non-food (industrial) goods is divided into: – examination of consumer goods (consumer goods); – transport and commodity examination (auto commodity; examination of military vehicles; examination of vessels; examination of aircraft); – examination of machines, equipment, raw materials (examination of military property, machinery and weapons); – examination of real estate, real estate (examination of integral property complexes; examination of buildings; expert monetary valuation of land plots (shares)); – examination of cultural values; – examination of objects of painting and applied arts (examination of objects of painting and graphics; examination of sculpture; examination of objects of folk crafts; examination of objects of table setting, etc.); – examination of watches; – examination of securities goods; – examination of goods of property rights to intellectual property (examination of audiovisual products and software); – examination of clothing (examination of knitwear; examination of garments; examination of textiles; examination of fur products; examination of leather products; examination of outerwear, etc.); – examination of fur products; – examination of perfumery and cosmetics; – examination of shoes; – examination of haberdashery (examination of leather haberdashery); – examination of household appliances (examination of photo, radio and video equipment; examination of computers; examination of household electric lighting, etc.); – examination of furniture products; – examination of facilities (livestock, poultry and other live animals); – examination of goods of the construction group; – examination of printed products (examination of books and printing products, etc.); – examination of jewelry (examination of articles of precious metals; examination of articles of precious stones); – examination of stationery; – examination of medical equipment; c) commodity examination of services. 2. Classification of forensic commodity examinations by type of problem to be solved: – commodity examination, to solve classification problems (determination (establishment) of compliance: commodity characteristics of the studied objects with basic data (registers, etc.), data of similar products, marking data recorded on labels or tags, belonging to the same type or article); – commodity examination, to solve diagnostic problems (establishment: the presence of defects and their impact on product quality; compliance (non-compliance) of quality characteristics of products with standard and reference requirements; factual data related to compliance (non-compliance) with the rules of packaging, labeling, storage, transportation, rejection, revaluation and reduction of the price of goods). 3. Classification of forensic commodity examinations by type of object under study: – commodity examination, the objects of research of which are directly only products (commodity origin); – commodity examination, the objects of research of which are only documents (they reflect the state of the goods, the processes that took place with it, commodity transactions, etc.) (circulating name– “examination of documents”); – commodity examination, the objects of study of which are mixed objects (products; samples of products; documents which reflect information about the peculiarities of the origin of goods (certificates, quality certificates, technical passports, labels, etc.), freight (shipping) documents, acceptance or warehouse documents, claim materials, etc.). Key words: forensic examination, classification of forensic examinations, special commodity knowledge, commodity specialist, examination of food and non-food products.

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Wang, Fangyan. "Research of Sany based on financial analysis and PE valuation." BCP Business & Management 30 (October 24, 2022): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v30i.2508.

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In recent years, a modern industrial system is taking shape and the construction machinery industry is generally showing an upward trend in its dynamics. Sany Heavy Industries, a leading player in China's construction machinery industry, has performed well in the industry with its excellent and unique strategy despite suffering from the impact of the Covid 19 epidemic. Based on the industry environment of the machinery industry, this paper conducts analysis from the DuPont method and valuation using the P/E method to study the financial level and operating conditions of Sany Heavy Industry and make data-supported recommendations for future investment. The research in this paper shows that Sany has a relatively promising outlook and strong competitiveness, and is worthy of continued attention and long-term value investment.

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Popović, Marko, Radomir Slavković, and Peđa Perišić. "Valuation of the construction machinery using the market approach." IMK-14 - Istrazivanje i razvoj 20, no. 4 (2014): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/imk1403087p.

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TAKADA, Masayuki, Hideharu YAMANO, and Shin-ichiro IWAMIYA. "Economic Valuation of the Sound Quality of Machinery Noise." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 71, no. 707 (2005): 2155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.71.2155.

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TAKADA, Masayuki, Hideharu YAMANO, and Shin-ichiro IWAMIYA. "Economic Valuation of the Sound Quality of Machinery Noise." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2004.14 (2004): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2004.14.108.

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TAKADA, Masayuki, Hideharu YAMANO, and Shin-ichiro IWAMIYA. "Economic Valuation of the Sound Quality of Machinery Noise." Journal of Environment and Engineering 2, no. 1 (2007): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jee.2.203.

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Ellis, E. H., D. Ellis, and F. Ellis. "L-PLANT AND MACHINERY." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 44, no. 4 (October 22, 2008): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1928.tb01493.x.

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Smolyak, Sergey. "New model for the valuation of used machinery and equipment." Herald of CEMI, no. 1 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/s265838870014144-1.

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Smolyak, Sergey. "Valuation of machinery and equipment subject to the Wiener degradation process." Economics and the Mathematical Methods 57, no. 3 (2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s042473880016422-3.

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We propose a model describing the decrease in the market value of machines (depreciation) with age. Usually it is characterized by the percent good factor, i.e. the ratio of machine’s value to the value of similar new machinery item. Often, appraisers know about a used machinery item only by its age, but not its performance. Therefore, for the valuation of the machinery item of a known age, they have to use the mean (for machines of this age) of percent good factor. In the proposed model, the state of the machine is characterized by the intensity of the benefits it brings. In this case, the benefits from using the machine in a certain period are defined as the market value of the work performed by it minus operating costs. We describe the change in the intensity of benefits over time by the Wiener process with negative drift. This allows us to take into account the tendency for the performance of machine to deteriorate during operation. The market value of a machine is defined as the maximum mathematical expectation of the sum of discounted benefits from its use. It is shown that it corresponds to the moment the machine reaches a certain boundary state. The parameters of the Wiener process (drift and volatility) are expressed through the known characteristics of the machine's durability, namely the average value and the coefficient of variation of the service life. The dependences of the mean percent good factor of machines on the relative age (the ratio of age to the average service life) are found. It turned out that these dependencies are almost independent of the discount rate and average service life.

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Borek, Sławomir, Szymon Stefaniak, Jan Śliwiński, Małgorzata Garnczarska, and Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek. "Autophagic Machinery of Plant Peroxisomes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 4754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194754.

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Peroxisomes are cell organelles that play an important role in plants in many physiological and developmental processes. The plant peroxisomes harbor enzymes of the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the glyoxylate cycle; photorespiration; detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; as well as biosynthesis of hormones and signal molecules. The function of peroxisomes in plant cells changes during plant growth and development. They are transformed from organelles involved in storage lipid breakdown during seed germination and seedling growth into leaf peroxisomes involved in photorespiration in green parts of the plant. Additionally, intensive oxidative metabolism of peroxisomes causes damage to their components. Therefore, unnecessary or damaged peroxisomes are degraded by selective autophagy, called pexophagy. This is an important element of the quality control system of peroxisomes in plant cells. Despite the fact that the mechanism of pexophagy has already been described for yeasts and mammals, the molecular mechanisms by which plant cells recognize peroxisomes that will be degraded via pexophagy still remain unclear. It seems that a plant-specific mechanism exists for the selective degradation of peroxisomes. In this review, we describe the physiological role of pexophagy in plant cells and the current hypotheses concerning the mechanism of plant pexophagy.

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Mason, S. "Improving plant and machinery maintainability." Applied Ergonomics 21, no. 1 (March 1990): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(90)90069-a.

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TAKADA, Masayuki, Satoko ARASE, Keiichiro TANAKA, and Shin-ichiro IWAMIYA. "111 Economic Valuation of the Sound Quality of Machinery Noise : the Effect of Sound Presentation on Economic Valuation." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2006.16 (2006): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2006.16.61.

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Lesser, W. "Valuation of Plant Variety Protection Certificates." Review of Agricultural Economics 16, no. 2 (May 1994): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1349465.

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Kuroiwa, Haruko. "Chloroplast division machinery in higher plant." PLANT MORPHOLOGY 14, no. 1 (2002): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5685/plmorphol.14.68.

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CHEN, Peng, and Toshio TOYOTA. "Sequential Fuzzy Diagnosis for Plant Machinery." JSME International Journal Series C 46, no. 3 (2003): 1121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.46.1121.

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Yan, Junjie, Qunxia Zhang, and Ping Yin. "RNA editing machinery in plant organelles." Science China Life Sciences 61, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-017-9170-3.

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Wang, Huaqing, Peng Chen, and Shuming Wang. "Intelligent diagnosis methods for plant machinery." Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering in China 5, no. 1 (November 25, 2009): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11465-009-0084-z.

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Harris, R. I. D., and Stephen Drinkwater. "UK Plant and Machinery Capital Stocks and Plant Closures." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 62, no. 2 (May 2000): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00170.

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Ashaolu, T. "Valuation of Machinery and Equipment: Is it Inter-disciplinary, Multi-disciplinary or Collaborative?" Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 9, no. 7 (January 10, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2016/23397.

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TAKADA, Masayuki, Satoko ARASE, and Shin-ichiro IWAMIYA. "115 Economic Valuation of the Sound Quality of Machinery Noise Using Conjoint Analysis." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2005.15 (2005): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2005.15.57.

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Bannör, Karl, Rüdiger Kiesel, Anna Nazarova, and Matthias Scherer. "Parametric model risk and power plant valuation." Energy Economics 59 (September 2016): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2016.08.004.

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Smolyak, S. A. "Optimizing the timeframe of scheduled repairs using valuation techniques." Dependability 22, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2022-22-1-13-19.

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Aim. The paper examines technical systems (machinery and equipment), whose condition deteriorates in the course of operation, yet can be improved through repairs (overhaul). The items are subject to random failures. After another failure, an item can be repaired or disposed of. A new or repaired item is to be assigned the date of the next scheduled repairs. Regarding a failed item, the decision is to be taken as to unscheduled repairs or disposal. We are solving the problem of optimization of such repair policy. At the same time, it proves to be important to take into consideration the effect of repairs, first, on the choice of appropriate indicators of item condition that define its primary operational characteristics, and second, on a sufficiently adequate description of the dynamics of items’ performance indicators. Methods. Assigning the timeframe of scheduled repairs normally involves the construction of economic and mathematical optimization models that are the subject matter of a vast number of publications. They use various optimality criteria, i.e., probability of no failure over a given period of time, average repair costs per service life or per unit of time, etc. However, criteria of this kind do not take into account the performance dynamics of degrading items and do not fully meet the business interests of the item owners. The criterion of maximum expected total discounted benefits is more adequate in such cases. It is adopted in the theory of investment projects efficiency estimation and the cost estimation theory and is, ultimately, focused on maximizing a company’s value. The model’s formulas associate the item’s benefit stream with its primary characteristics (hazard of failure, operating costs, performance), which, in turn, depend on the item’s condition. The condition of non-repairable items is usually characterized by their age (operating time). Yet the characteristics of repairable items change significantly after repairs, and, in recent years, their dynamics have been described by various models using Kijima’s virtual age indicator (a similar indicator of effective age has long been used in the valuation of buildings, machinery and equipment). That allows associating the characteristics of items in the first and subsequent inter-repair cycles. However, analysis shows that this indicator does not allow taking into consideration the incurable physical deterioration of repaired items. The paper suggests a different approach to describing the condition of such objects that does not have the above shortcoming. Conclusions. The author constructed and analysed an economic and mathematical model for repair policy optimisation that is focused on maximizing the market value of the company that owns the item. It is suggested describing the condition of an item with two indicators, i.e., the age at the beginning of the current inter-repair cycle and time of operation within the current cycle. It proves to be possible to simplify the dependence of an item’s characteristics on its condition by using the general idea of Kijima models, but more adequately taking into consideration the incurable physical deterioration of such item. The author conducted experimental calculations that show a reduction of the duration of planned repairs as machinery ages at the beginning of an inter-repair cycle. Some well-known repair policies were critically evaluated.

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Chiba, Yukako, and Pamela J. Green. "mRNA Degradation Machinery in Plants." Journal of Plant Biology 52, no. 2 (March 25, 2009): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12374-009-9021-2.

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van Ackooij, Wim, Debora Daniela Escobar, Martin Glanzer, and Georg Ch Pflug. "Distributionally robust optimization with multiple time scales: valuation of a thermal power plant." Computational Management Science 17, no. 3 (November 20, 2019): 357–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10287-019-00358-0.

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AbstractThe valuation of a real option is preferably done with the inclusion of uncertainties in the model, since the value depends on future costs and revenues, which are not perfectly known today. The usual value of the option is defined as the maximal expected (discounted) profit one may achieve under optimal management of the operation. However, also this approach has its limitations, since quite often the models for costs and revenues are subject to model error. Under a prudent valuation, the possible model error should be incorporated into the calculation. In this paper, we consider the valuation of a power plant under ambiguity of probability models for costs and revenues. The valuation is done by stochastic dynamic programming and on top of it, we use a dynamic ambiguity model for obtaining the prudent minimax valuation. For the valuation of the power plant under model ambiguity we introduce a distance based on the Wasserstein distance. Another highlight of this paper is the multiscale approach, since decision stages are defined on a weekly basis, while the random costs and revenues appear on a much finer scale. The idea of bridging stochastic processes is used to link the weekly decision scale with the finer simulation scale. The applicability of the introduced concepts is broad and not limited to the motivating valuation problem.

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Geng, Guowei, Deya Wang, Zhifei Liu, Yalan Wang, Mingjing Zhu, Xinran Cao, Chengming Yu, and Xuefeng Yuan. "Translation of Plant RNA Viruses." Viruses 13, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122499.

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Plant RNA viruses encode essential viral proteins that depend on the host translation machinery for their expression. However, genomic RNAs of most plant RNA viruses lack the classical characteristics of eukaryotic cellular mRNAs, such as mono-cistron, 5′ cap structure, and 3′ polyadenylation. To adapt and utilize the eukaryotic translation machinery, plant RNA viruses have evolved a variety of translation strategies such as cap-independent translation, translation recoding on initiation and termination sites, and post-translation processes. This review focuses on advances in cap-independent translation and translation recoding in plant viruses.

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Luo, Hua, and Ming Zi Zhu. "An R&D Project Dealing with Mechanical Bits and Pieces in Real Option Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.583.

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The goal of this paper is to study the R&D project under incomplete information. We extend the multi-step quadrinomial option pricing model through a practical case, which is the R&D project of the machinery to deal with mechanical bits and pieces. We pricing the real options valuation (ROV) of the project and show a decision tree, which can provide managers flexible decisions to analyze technology and market uncertainty.

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Yuengling, D. J., and T. J. Pakula. "Designing for Productivity: A Standardized Coal-Fired Propulsion Plant." Journal of Ship Production 1, no. 02 (May 1, 1985): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1985.1.2.88.

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A design for a 26 000-shp standardized coal-fired steam turbine propulsion plant using product work breakdown structure (PWBS) or group technology techniques was developed for the Maritime Administration. The purpose of the design was to provide a design package for a production approach which could reduce machinery outfitting cost and time by one third. Emphasis was placed on piping within the main machinery space. In the concept and preliminary design phases, the machinery box was developed to fit within the hull lines of an 80 000, 144 000, and 180 000-dwt collier. Propeller size, shaft line, and rpm were defined; the steam cycle was selected; and initial machinery arrangements were developed for both a dual boiler and a single boiler plant. During contract design, machinery specifications, schematic diagrams, arrangements, and procurement specifications were developed. In production design, standards were developed, schematic diagrams were revised, and piping diagrammatic arrangements, composites, material lists, and purchase orders for components were prepared. A production philosophy and build strategy also were developed. This effort made use of the PWBS approach presented in the MarAd National Shipbuilding Research Program reports[1–5]3

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Smolyak, Sergey A. "Valuation of Machines with a Random Service Life Based on the System of National Accounts – 2008." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2021-2(93)-40-57.

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We propose a mathematical model describing the decrease in the market value of machines (depreciation) with age in a situation where its service life is random and has a Weibull distribution. We measure the depreciation of a used machinery item using a goodness factor, that is, the ratio of its value to the value of a similar new machinery item. The model is based on the principle of anticipation of benefits adopted in the valuation theory and the discounting cash flows method. The model takes into account that machine’s technical and economic characteristics deteriorate with age and its benefits are reduced according to the hyperbolic dependence adopted in the system of national accounts SNA‑2008. We have built the dependences of average machine's goodness factor on its relative age (the ratio of the actual age to the average service life). Calculations show that the discount rate and average service life have little effect on these dependencies. This made it possible to divide the machines into three categories and propose for each of them its own dependence of the goodness factor on the relative age, which is convenient for practical use in appraisal activities.

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Takahashi, Takahashi. "Detections of Abnormality of Machinery and Plant Systems." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 38, no. 7 (2003): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.38.430.

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Niklas, K. J. "The Bio-Logic and machinery of plant morphogenesis." American Journal of Botany 90, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.4.515.

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Mole, Richard. "Post-Tax Capital Investment Appraisal: Plant and Machinery." Accounting and Business Research 20, no. 78 (March 1990): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00014788.1990.9728870.

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Printall, Chris, and Stuart Gronow. "The Finance Act 1994 ‐ machinery and plant allowances." Property Management 14, no. 3 (September 1996): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637479610124972.

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BROWN, RUSSELL W. "Identification and Resolution of Propulsion Plant Machinery Problems." Naval Engineers Journal 106, no. 2 (March 1994): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1994.tb02822.x.

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Bassham, Diane C., and Natasha V. Raikhel. "Unique features of the plant vacuolar sorting machinery." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 12, no. 4 (August 2000): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00121-6.

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Aller, Isabel, and Andreas J. Meyer. "The oxidative protein folding machinery in plant cells." Protoplasma 250, no. 4 (October 23, 2012): 799–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-012-0463-x.

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Habig, Michael, Klaas Schotanus, Kim Hufnagel, Petra Happel, and Eva H. Stukenbrock. "Ago1 Affects the Virulence of the Fungal Plant Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici." Genes 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12071011.

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In host-pathogen interactions RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a pivotal mechanism to modify both, the immune responses of the host as well as the pathogenicity and virulence of the pathogen. In addition, in some fungi RNAi is also known to affect chromosome biology via its effect on chromatin conformation. Previous studies reported no effect of the RNAi machinery on the virulence of the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici however the role of RNAi is still poorly understood in this species. Herein, we elucidate whether the RNAi machinery is conserved within the genus Zymoseptoria. Moreover, we conduct functional analyses of Argonaute and Dicer-like proteins and test if the RNAi machinery affects chromosome stability. We show that the RNAi machinery is conserved among closely related Zymoseptoria species while an exceptional pattern of allelic diversity was possibly caused by introgression. The deletion of Ago1 reduced the ability of the fungus to produce asexual propagules in planta in a quantitative matter. Chromosome stability of the accessory chromosome of Z. tritici was not prominently affected by the RNAi machinery. These results indicate, in contrast to previous finding, a role of the RNAi pathway during host infection, but not in the stability of accessory chromosomes in Z. tritici.

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Obrzeżgiewicz, Dawid. "Real Options in Valuation of Plant Production in Progress." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Finanse Rynki Finansowe Ubezpieczenia 82 (2016): 635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/frfu.2016.4.82/1-53.

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Obrzeżgiewicz, Dawid. "VALUATION OF PLANT PRODUCTION IN PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Finanse Rynki Finansowe Ubezpieczenia 88 (2017): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/frfu.2017.88/1-34.

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Cassano, Mark, and Gordon Sick. "Valuation of a spark spread: an LM6000 power plant." European Journal of Finance 19, no. 7-8 (September 2013): 689–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2011.617763.

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Kahn, Edward. "Proxy plant valuation methods for demand-side utility programs." Energy 14, no. 1 (January 1989): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(89)90119-9.

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Polyzos, Stathis, Aggelos Armenatzoglou, Ioannis Kinias, and Aristeidis Samitas. "Modelling the underlying factors for flexible power plant valuation." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 18, no. 2 (2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2019.10021664.

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조성복, 이보형, 이경락, and 김인섭. "Drawing a POOL of Assessment Items for the Valuation of Assets - Focused on the Industrial Machinery -." E-Business Studies 14, no. 4 (October 2013): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15719/geba.14.4.201310.77.

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Torreiro, Yarima, Leticia Pérez, Gonzalo Piñeiro, Francisco Pedras, and Angela Rodríguez-Abalde. "The Role of Energy Valuation of Agroforestry Biomass on the Circular Economy." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102516.

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The use of biomass has increased significantly in recent years. In this context, the use of not valued high-potential biomass (NVHPB) is emerging as a suitable alternative. This is the case of pruning vine, pruning kiwi, scrub (heather, gorse, broom) and forest pruning. The objective of this research was to study the potential of six selected agroforestry biomasses as biofuels in thermochemical processes. For that purpose, biomass was collected by specific machinery. Proximate and ultimate analyses were carried out as well as the inorganic compounds’ determination. Then, natural and forced drying were conducted. Low heating values (LHV) between 17 and 20 MJ/kg (dry basis) were achieved in all analyzed cases. Granulometric reduction, biomass classification and densification took place. Finally, energy recovery tests through microcogeneration were carried out. Values close to 97% in cogeneration efficiency were reached (9% net electric yield and 88% thermal yield), offering an alternative to obtain clean energy.

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Michalski, Dariusz. "VALUATION OF COMPANIES BASED ON REAL OPTION APPROACH." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 19, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0528.

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Traditional way of companies valuation based on discounted cash-flows do not consider the value of flexibility that managers can create. The objective of this article is the presentation of the theoretical aspects of companies valuation with real option’s approach and DCF method. The case study regards the power plant valuation. Author took assumptions that valuation method based only on DCF do not considers in proper way the flexibility connected to future companies activity. The development of valuation method by real option approach can complete these deficiencies in random environment.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plant and machinery valuation'

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