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1
van Ooijen, J. W., and J. Jansen. "Biometrics in Plant Breeding: Applications of Molecular Markers." Biometrics 52, no. 2 (June 1996): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532921.
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van Eeuwijk, Fred A. "XIVth meeting of the Eucarpia Section ‘Biometrics in Plant Breeding’." Euphytica 183, no. 3 (January 4, 2012): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-011-0606-8.
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Campbell, Jiovan, Ali Sarkhosh, Fariborz Habibi, Ahmed Ismail, Pranavkumar Gajjar, Ren Zhongbo, Violeta Tsolova, and Islam El-Sharkawy. "Biometrics Assessment of Cluster- and Berry-Related Traits of Muscadine Grape Population." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061067.
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In this study, biometrics assessment of flower structure, cluster-, and berry-related traits were evaluated in a population of 90 muscadine grape genotypes for three consecutive years. This population consisted of 21 standard cultivars, 60 breeding lines, and 9 Vitis x Muscadinia hybrids (VM hybrids). Cluster length (CL) and width (CWI) characteristics exhibited slight differences among the population, with a range estimated at 7.1 and 4.6 cm, respectively. However, cluster weight (CWE), number of berries/cluster (N.B/C), and cluster compactness (CC) traits showed more diversity between individuals with a calculated range of 205.6 g, 32.6 B/C, and 24.1, respectively. Interestingly, all berry-related traits greatly varied between individuals, excluding the number of seeds/berry (N.S/B) character. The N.S/B trait displayed a narrow range of 5.6 seeds within the population. However, characters of berry length (BL), width (BWI), weight (BWE), the weight of seeds/berry (W.S/B), firmness (FF), and dry scar pattern (SP) demonstrated a wide estimated range of 21.2 mm, 21.7 mm, 25.4 g, 0.71 g, 0.21 N, and 82%, respectively. Normal distribution analysis for each trait suggested different distribution patterns extended between unimodal to multimodal behavior. Hierarchical mapping analysis was able to classify the population into several clades based on physical cluster- and berry-related attributes. The PCA suggested that hermaphroditic (perfect) flower structure is associated with compact clusters exhibiting small berries in size and weight (i.e., muscadine genotypes suitable for wine production). However, female flower structure is associated with clusters displaying large berries in size and weight (i.e., muscadine genotypes appropriate for fresh consumption). These patterns occurred independently of cluster size and weight characters. This research is the first study evaluating muscadine biometrics characters at a population level, providing valuable information for market demand and muscadine breeding programs.
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Lavrishcheva, Tatiana, Anton Lavrishchev, and Andrey Litvinovich. "Impact of climatic factors on growth and development of Cichorium Endivia in greenhouse in Leningrad region, Russia." Zemljiste i biljka 69, no. 2 (2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2002055l.
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The paper discusses the results of the study of the effect of climatic factors on the yield and biometric indicators of various varieties of endive chicory (Cichorium endivia (L.)) over a two-year study grown in the summer-autumn period in the plastic greenhouses on the experimental plots of the St. Petersburg Agrarian University, Pushkin, Russia. The plants of the genus Chicory are known and valued for their unique medicinal and nutritional properties. Total of 14 varieties of domestic and foreign Cichorium endivia breeding were studied. The study was carried out in 2015 and 2016years that were sharply differed in the amount of precipitation and temperature. The climate of Leningrad region is characterised with humid and long-lasting cold season. The aim of the research was to identify the variety of endive chicory that is most suitable and tolerant for the climatic conditions of Leningrad region, Russia. During the growing season the plant biometric parameters such as plant height (cm), rosette diameter of leaves (cm), and number of leaves (pieces) were measured. During harvesting, additional parameters such as biomass of plants and leaves, the area of the assimilation surface were determined. The decrease in plant biometric parameters during the phenological observations in September 2016 was associated with an increased amount of precipitation in July-August. The results showed that the variety "Broad Betavian fullhearted" was the most sensitive to the adverse effects of weather, showing the largest variation in biometrics over the studied years. In plants of this variety the mass of leaves decreased by 9.2 times, the area of the assimilation surface was reduced by 11.6 times, while the crop shortfall in 2016 was almost 90%. The varieties "Green curled" and "Scarola bionda" were the most tolerant to weather conditions. These varieties were characterized by the maximum yield in both years of research: "Green curled"-7.90 kg/m 2 and 2.87 kg/m 2 , "Scarola bionda"-8.06 kg/m 2 and 2.84 kg/m 2 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Generally, the result of the study showed that most of the studied varieties were sensitive to the amount of precipitation and the number of sunny days. The study made it possible to identify the most sensitive and most tolerant varieties of endive chicory for growing in the Leningrad region.
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Klymenko, S. V., A. P. Ilyinska, A. V. Kustovska, and N. V. Melnychenko. "California’s endemic Cornus sessilis in Ukraine." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022107.
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Global climate change and increased land use lead to the loss of biodiversity at all levels of the organization of living organisms – ecosystems, species, landscape population, genetic, molecular biological levels, etc. The reaction of plants to anthropogenic impact, according to experts, may be even stronger than postglacial changes. A shift in the thermal isotherm will cause the plants to either move and adapt, or disappear. Endemic species that make up “biodiversity hotspots” require special attention. Cornus sessilis Torr. ex Durand, the object of our research, is part of one of these points – the California Floristic Province. Researchers are now focusing their efforts on developing a climate change – related biodiversity management strategy. In the case of the threat of extinction of the species in nature, there is a important method of preserving it in culture (ex situ). M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (the NBG) pays great attention to the introduction of rare endemic species from the different geographical and floristic regions of the world. The gene pool of Cornus L. s. l. in the NBG consists of more than 30 species and 40 cultivars including the insufficiently researched and little-known Californian endemic C. sessilis. In Europe, it has been grown since 2017 only in Chateau Perouse Botanic Gardens (Saint-Gilles, France) and in Ukraine only the NBG has it. In this article we evaluate the life cycle of the development C. sessilis under conditions of introduction different from the conditions of its natural area. To do this, we used the classic traditional methods of the research on the process of introduction, in particular, botanical plant identification, visual observation, phenology, comparative morphology and biometrics. Morphological descriptors (life form, colour and texture of bark, leaf shape, pubescence character, structure of generative and vegetative buds, inflorescences, flowers, fruits and endocarp) of C. sessilis genotypes introduced to the NBG are identical to those of plants from their natural habitats. The weight of fruits and endocarps were determined by us for the first time. The results of biometric analysis of the size of leaves and fruits showed that the plants of C. sessilis grown in the NBG had the larger leaf blades, but the smaller fruits as compared to those in the wild. In the NBG the plants underwent a full cycle of seasonal development (from the deployment of buds to the leaf fall, inclusive) for 229 days. In general, the phenological strategy of C. sessilis genotypes introduced in the NBG corresponds to that of other species of Cornus s. str., including C. mas L. Our results indicate that C. sessilis, California’s rare endemic species new to Ukraine, has adapted to the new conditions – the plants bear fruits and produce seeds. The experience of successful introduction makes it possible to cultivate a new species to expand the diversity of food, medicinal and reclamation plants of the family Cornaceae as well as the use in synthetic breeding to obtain new cultivars with valuable biological and economic properties. Cornus sessilis compatibility test as rootstocks for other species is important for clarifying the theoretical issues of family ties of species Cornaceae and practical – for widespread reproduction of the required cultivars C. mas breeding in the NBG on a potentially compatible rootstock C. sessilis.
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Łabuda, Helena. "Flowering and characteristics of useful traits of some faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major Harz) cultivars and breeding lines." Acta Agrobotanica 65, no. 4 (2012): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2012.031.
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This study, conducted during the period 2008–2009, related to the growth, flowering, pod set, and yield of faba bean (<em>Vicia faba </em>L. var. <em>major</em>) cultivars and breeding lines. Biometric measurements, made on 20 randomly selected plants, included the following traits: plant height, number of branches per plant, number of inflorescences per plant and number of flowers per inflorescence, number of pods per plant: large pods (marketable), small pods (undeveloped), and pods with disease symptoms. Moreover, the following characters were determined: pod and seed weight per plant in faba bean plants harvested once at processing maturity of fresh green seeds, pod length, width and weight as well as single seed weight. The evaluated cultivars and breeding lines of faba bean were characterized by large variations in the most important commercial traits. The abundance and duration of flowering as well as the number and weight of pods per plant were clearly modified by weather factors during the growth of plants. The new breeding lines R-366/1 and R-384 as well as the cultivars 'Bachus' and 'Jankiel Biały' were characterized by quite stable pod and seed yield per plant. Single harvesting of faba bean pods for green seeds at green maturity stage produced positive results in the case of all cultivars and breeding lines investigated; marketable pods per plant accounted for 75–80% of the total number of pods.
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Estes, Jenny M., Michelle L. Altemara, Marcus J. Crim, Craig A. Fletcher, and Julia W. Whitaker. "Behavioral and Reproductive Effects of Environmental Enrichment and Pseudoloma neurophilia infection on Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 60, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000113.
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Recent studies have shown beneficial effects of environmental enrichment (EE) for zebrafish, while infection of zebrafish with the common pathogen Pseudoloma neurophilia has negative effects. This study investigates the effects of P. neurophilia infection and EE in housing and breeding tanks on measures of behavior, growth, and reproduction. Zebrafish were socially housed and were either infected, P. neurophilia-infected (PNI) (n = 12 tanks), or SPF for P. neurophilia (SPF) (n = 24 tanks). Fish were housed with or without EE, which consisted of placing plastic plants in the tanks; sprigs from plants were placed in half of the breeding tanks for half of breedings, alternating breeding tanks without EE weekly. Behavioral testing included the Novel Tank Diving Test (NTT) and Light/Dark Preference Test (LDT) conducted prior to breeding. At the end of the study, biometric data were collected. Histopathology and molecular analysis for common diseases in fish confirmed that SPF fish remained SPF and that fish from all PNI tanks were infected. PNI fish produced significantly fewer eggs and had lower body weights and lengths than did SPF fish. Fish with EE had longer body lengths, than did fish without EE, and male fish had longer body lengths than female fish. The biometric results and reproductive measures show that SPF fish exhibited better growth and suggest that EE in housing tanks could improve fish growth. The behavioral test results were inconclusive regard- ing whether infection status or EE altered anxiety-like behavior. Our results support other recent studies showing negative effects of P. neurophilia infection on zebrafish.
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Pereira, Rosane Rodrigues da Costa, Mara Pestana Leite, Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro da Silva, Ronelza Rodrigues da Costa Zaché, and Carlos Eduardo Pereira. "Cotton aphid feeding preference and the development of watermelon plants treated with silicon." Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias 20, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/223811712022021170.
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The cotton aphid is one of the main watermelon crop pests and may cause a reduction in productivity due to the suction of sap, the transmission of viruses, and decreased photosynthetic capacity. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feeding preference of the aphid Aphis gossypii and the biometric aspects of watermelon cultivar plants submitted to silicon application. The experiment was conducted at the Institute of Education, Agriculture, and Environment of the Federal University of Amazonas, in Humaitá, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used for testing preference with choice and a completely randomized design to study the biometric parameters of the plants. The treatments were distributed in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (with and without silicon and considering cultivars Crimson Sweet, Fairfax, and Charleston). Silicic acid was applied at a 1% concentration directly on the substrate around the plants (equivalent to 1 t SiO2 ha-1), 25 days after sowing. The aphids in the breeding were kept in cucumber plants of cultivar Caipira. The treatments were evaluated through the preference test on watermelon cultivars and biometric studies of plant growth and development. The data were submitted to an analysis of variance, and the means were compared using the F and Scott-Knott tests at the 5% probability level. Silicon does not affect the preference of Aphis gossypii in different watermelon cultivars and negatively affects plant growth and development.
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Michalcewicz, Jakub, and Michał Ciach. "Biometry of adult rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Polish Carpathians: a preliminary study." Polish Journal of Entomology / Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 81, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10200-012-0011-1.
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ABSTRACT.The body size of xylophagous beetles is determined by the host plant species, as well as by the amount and quality of breeding material. Consequently, the biometric traits of adults can be used as an indicator of the attractiveness of the breeding material and the quality of a habitat. The paper presents selected biometric traits of rosalia longicornRosalia alpina(L.) imagines in three populations from the Beskid Niski Mts (Carpathian Mts, south-eastern Poland). Two populations of this beetle from managed forests and one from a protected area in the Magura National Park were compared. The former developed on two different host plants (European beechFagus sylvaticaand wych elmUlmus glabra), the latter on European beech. No significant differences were found between the biometric traits of imagines from the three populations. No intersexual differences were found for the width of the pronotum in any of the populations, but females had longer elytra than males in all the populations. The lack of body size differences in these populations potentially indicates that this species occurs only in favourable habitat conditions. The limited species range and the patchy distribution of the rosalia longicorn are indications of its stringent habitat requirements and its dependence on forest management. Habitats supplying a sufficient amount and quality of suitable breeding material for the development of the rosalia longicorn should be protected.
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Carvalho, Ivan Ricardo, Vinícius Jardel Szareski, Ritieli Baptista Mambrin, Maurício Ferrari, Alan Junior Pelegrin, Tiago Corazza da Rosa, Márcio Peter, et al. "Biometric models and maize genetic breeding: A review." Australian Journal of Crop Science 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 1796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.18.12.11.p792.
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Olszewska, Dorota, Iwona Jędrzejczyk, and Paweł Nowaczyk. "Biometrical Assessment of Interspecific Hybrids of Capsicum Genus." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-011-0015-5.
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Biometrical Assessment of Interspecific Hybrids ofCapsicumGenusThe F1hybrids obtained as the result of interspecific crosses:C. annuumxC. frutescens, C. frutescensxC. annuum, C. frutescensxC. chinenseandC. chinensexC. frutescenswere analysed biometrically. The plants were cultured in unheated foil tent. Yield and the number of fruit from plant were qualified. For ten plants of each of the hybrids detailed fruit analysis were performed. The tested traits were: weight of fruit, length, width, technological weight and weight of pericarp, pericarp thickness, the weight of placenta without seeds, the weight of dry seeds and the dry matter content. The analysis of variance was conducted on the obtained results. The tested hybrids were characterised by the large differentiation of the estimated characters. The hybrids obtained from crosses:C. annuumxC. frutescensandC. frutescensxC. annuumseem to be the most valuable material for the future pepper breeding work. Fruits of these hybrids combine high weight, typical for cultivated forms ofC. annuumwith increased dry matter content characteristic forC. frutescens. These materials will be used as the parental forms of homozygous lines which possess traits valuable in genetic improvement of pepper.
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Ribeiro, Wellington S., Lucas C. Costa, Fabíola S. Dias, Francisco CS Silva, Cleide MF Pinto, and Fernando L. Finger. "Repeatability of agronomic and morphological characteristics in ornamental pepper." Horticultura Brasileira 33, no. 3 (September 2015): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620150000300012.
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Breeding programs seek to reduce the time spent assessing characteristics more times than necessary. However, this reduction should in no way undermine the representativeness and reliability of the information. Thus, an important success factor in breeding programs is the knowledge of the ideal number of assessments needed to evaluate commercially important characteristics in each species or population. In this context, this study aimed to determine the repeatability coefficient of eight biometric traits in four populations of ornamental pepper, seeking to increase the efficiency of evaluation and selection processes. There was no significant influence of the calculation method used over the estimate of the repeatability coefficient. The results indicated that five plants are necessary to assess plant height; leaf number, length and width; and fruit number, length and width in the ornamental pepper material we used with a determination coefficient of 90%.
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Krastev, Vladimir, Dotchka Dimova, Diana Svetleva, Graca Pereira, Kalinka Kouzmova, and Mariana Andonova. "Characteristics of Common Bean Mutant Lines and Cultivars Grown under Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 14, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1301029k.
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The experiments were conducted in the field of Agricultural University in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. A standard method was applied for cultivation in 5 replicates. Biometric evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), 10 mutant lines and 10 varieties, grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions was conducted. Main traits, associated with productivity in common bean: plant height, mass of plants with pods, number of branches, height of the first pod, number of fruit branches, number of pods per plant, weight of pods with seeds, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds and average length per 10 pods were characterised. Stronger degree of variation in studied traits was observed in genotypes grown under irrigated conditions. It was found that the studied Bulgarian varieties are promising in terms of germoplasm for their introduction in hybridisation breeding schemes as well as in application of mutagenesis and biotechnological practices. D2-0,0125 M EMS mutant line (6) has the best manifestation of the studied traits among other mutant lines and it may be included in breeding schemes for evaluation as a new cultivar. BAT 477 cultivar (20) differs significantly by its traits from other genotypes, irrespective of the cultivation mode.
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Romanov, V. S., A. V. Molchanova, O. V. Pavlova, and M. M. Tareeva. "BREEDING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FORMS OF ALLIUM CREATED ON THE BASIS OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-6-23-25.
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One of the most important crops among all types of Alliums is onion, the value of which is determined by the nutritional and medicinal properties. It is used not only as a seasoning for food, but also as a source of a number of biologically active substances. The biochemical composition of the bulbs and its green leaves in different periods of growth and development varies, depending on the variety, environmental conditions and agrotechnical methods of cultivation. Creation on the basis of interspecies hybridization of fundamentally new forms of Allium plants with a unique combination of genetic material allows to expand the possibility of selection of valuable genotypes in practical terms. The study was performed on plants of the inbred progenies I4-5 from BC1-2 bulbous forms of interspecific hybrids of Allium crossing combinations F5(A. cepa xA. vavilovii), F5(A. cepa x A. fistulosum). The biometric assessment was carried out after harvesting and drying the bulbs according to the "test Procedure for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability" according to the main breeding characteristics: the color of the dry cover scales of the bulb, the mass of the bulb, the shape of the bulb. As the standard used plant varieties Odintsovets. The biochemical composition of onion samples was determined by the content of dry matter, monosaccharides, the amount of sugars, ascorbic acid, antioxidants. Based on the biometric assessment of the forms of interspecific hybrids of onions, 5 forms were identified according to the uniformity of such features as the color of dry cover scales and the shape of the bulb weighing 50-60 g, which are a qualitatively new source material for breeding. In determining the biochemical composition of the isolated forms of interspecific hybrids of Alliums on the main breeding grounds found that the plants of these forms of onions indicators of dry matter (15%), monosaccharides (1.15-1.71%), the amount of sugars (11.17%), were at the level of the standard, or exceeded it, but the total content of antioxidants (8.22 mg/g) inferior to the standard.
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Luz, Petterson Baptista da, Alessandro Aparecido Brito dos Santos, and Valdete Campos Ambrosio. "VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA UTILIZANDO DESCRITORES MORFOLÓGICOS PARA ACESSOS DE Capsicum spp. PARA FINS ORNAMENTAIS." Nativa 7, no. 6 (November 11, 2019): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i6.7984.
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O mercado de pimentas para fins ornamentais é um setor recém explorado, mas com grande potencial de crescimento no ramo de floricultura e paisagismo. As pimenteiras que possuem folhagem variegada, porte baixo, frutos com coloração variada em seus diferentes estádios de maturação, contrastando com as folhagens, já são utilizadas como plantas ornamentais, cultivadas e comercializadas em vasos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade genética visando o potencial ornamental de acessos de Capsicum spp. através de modelos biométricos. Foram utilizados 55 acessos de Capsicum spp, e a caracterização morfoagronômica dos acessos foi realizada avaliando diferentes partes da planta. O terceiro par de correlações canônicas, com correlação de 0,51, associa plantas com área do dossel compacto-densa, com menor comprimento e largura de dossel e de pequeno porte, associado com folhagens estreitas e de pecíolo grande. Esta associação é vantajosa para ornamentação. Ficou evidenciada a presença de variabilidade genética na população, o que é bastante favorável ao melhoramento na medida em que a heterogeneidade genética possibilita a obtenção de ganhos por meio de seleção.Palavras-chave: pimenta; modelos biométricos; correlações canônicas; análise de trilha. GENETIC VARIABILITY FOCUSED ON ORNAMENTAL POTENTIAL OF A Capsicum spp. ACCESSION ABSTRACT: Pepper market for ornamental purposes is recently exploited; however, it has a great growth potential in floriculture and landscaping. Pepper with variegated foliage, small size, and varied fruit coloration at different ripening stages contrasting with leaves have already been used as ornamental plants cultivated and purchased as potted plants. This study aimed to evaluate genetic variability of Capsicum spp. focusing on its ornamental potential by means of biometric templates. Fifty-five Capsicum spp. accessions were used and a morpho-agronomic characterization of the accessions were performed by evaluating different plant parts. The third canonical correlations are 0.51 and it associates compact-dense, small, shorter length and width canopy plants with narrow foliage and large petiole, which is advantageous for ornamentation. Genetic variation was evidenced in the population being very favorable for plant breeding programs once genetic heterogeneity enables obtaining gains through selections.Keywords: pepper; biometric templates; canonic correlations; trail analysis.
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Morgun, V. V., and R. A. Yakymchuk. "Induction of breeding-valuable mutations in Triticum aestivum L. under the influence of physical and chemical mutagenic factors of the environment." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 24 (August 30, 2019): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v24.1091.
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Aim. The use of induced mutagenesis opens greater possibilities to drastically improve cultivated plants genetically. The areas of local and mass anthropogenic pollution have unique conditions of the effect of mutagenic factors, and they require the studying of their possible use while developing parental material for winter wheat breeding. The induction frequency of breeding-valuable mutations in Triticum aestivum L., affected by the contamination with physical and chemical mutagenic factors of the environment, was studied. Methods. The choice of mutants was made in М2 and М3 generations, using record techniques and separating visible mutations, phonological observations, biometric indicator analysis. Results. The pollutants of the environment cause the frequency increase of breeding-valuable mutations in T. aestivum L. by 7.5–12.5 times under the effect of the contamination with natural radioisotopes of the area of uranium ore mining, by 2.1–19.7 times – with heavy metals of industrial enterprises, and 4.1–9.8 times – with pesticides, prohibited and not suitable for use, and toxic wastes in the places of their storage. Spectrum is predominantly represented with low-grown forms, forms with intensive growth, a long-cylindrical spike, and it depends on the nature of a polluting agent and a genotype of a plant. Conclusions. The increase of frequency and the broadening of spectrum of breeding-valuable mutations, due to the induced mutagenesis with the environmental pollution, make it possible to use it for the implementation of breeding-genetic programs aimed at improving wheat cultivars.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., mutagenic factors, mutative variability, breeding-valuable mutations.
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Dubberstein, Danielly, Marcos Góes Oliveira, Elisa Mitsuko Aoyama, José Henrique Guilhen, Adésio Ferreira, Isabel Marques, José C. Ramalho, and Fábio Luiz Partelli. "Diversity of Leaf Stomatal Traits among Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner Genotypes." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061126.
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Leaf morpho-anatomical characteristics directly reflect photosynthetic performance and the ability to adapt to different environmental conditions. The study of biometric traits is essential for the selection of promising plant materials for breeding purposes. To identify new varieties of coffee plants with desirable traits for genetic improvement programs, this study investigated the variability of leaf morpho-anatomical traits in 43 genotypes of Coffea canephora (as the species under study is hypostomatous). Seven leaf characteristics were used: epidermal cell density (ECD), stomatal length (SL), stomatal width (SW), stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS), stomatal index (SI), and stomatal length/width. Morphological traits (plant height, internodal distance, and leaf area) and grain production were also assessed. The data analyzed multivariate analysis of variance grouped by the unweighted pair group the arithmetic mean hierarchical method, and data were also subjected to a Pearson linear correlation and principal component analyses (PCAs). The results showed wide morphological variability reflecting six morphological groups, which is relevant for the genetic divergence analysis and for breeding purposes, as the results have the potential to identify superior genotypes. Within the groups, genotypes were mainly separated by the number of epidermal cells and the number and size of the stomata, reflecting a high genetic heterogeneity within genotypes. Positive and negative correlations were found, with levels of significance ranging from weak to strong among the analyzed traits. The highest correlation levels were found for SL × SS, SW × SS, and SI × SD. In addition, the PCA indicated that plant height, distance between nodes, and leaf area were positively correlated and associated. The greater the number and width of stomata, the higher the rate of gas exchange. Both characteristics are favorable for the development and production of coffee plants, explaining the positive correlation observed in this study. These results emphasize the usefulness of trait evaluations for the identification and breeding of genotypes to compose new C. canephora cultivars suitable for changing environments.
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Diyanchyk, M. V., and L. A. Vilchynska. "Use of the collection of the buckwhears genus in breeding programs." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 27 (September 1, 2020): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v27.1330.
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Aim. Using the hybridization method on the basis of the ecological and geographical principle of parental pairs selection, to create a new source material in the selection of buckwheat and conduct a comprehensive assessment of it. Methods. Testing, material evaluation, analysis of plants, yield and grain quality were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methods of the State variety testing. Results. A new source material was created and evaluated in the selection of buckwheat based on the attraction to the hybridization of samples from the collection of the buckwheat genus, in particular, varieties Snezhen, Botansoba, Nokheda, Prymorska 7, collection sample No. 4013, Victoria Podilska, Belorussian early ripening, Arosa. Hybrid samples are compared with the Victoria standard variety. It was revealed that direct and reverse hybrids of the first generation from crossing varieties: Botansoba and Snezhen, Snezhen and Victoria Podilska, Nokheda and Snezhen are characterized by higher yields by 0.38–0.80 c/ha compared to the standard. Conclusions. We plan to continue testing the best breeding numbers in the following nurseries of the breeding process. Better with biometric and yield indicators, we plan to use breeding numbers in the breeding programs of the Scientific Research Institute of Cereal Crops of the PDATU.
Keywords: hybridization, growing season, biometric parameters, yield.
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Andrade Júnior, Valter C., Carlos E. Pedrosa, Thalita G. Miranda, Nermy R. Valadares, Samuel L. Pereira, and Alcinei M. Azevedo. "Biometric evaluation of morpho-agronomic traits in pepper lines and hybrids." Horticultura Brasileira 36, no. 3 (September 2018): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620180312.
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ABSTRACT In this study, we aimed to evaluate pepper lines and hybrids (Capsicum chinense and C. annuum) in order to obtain information on agronomic performance, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, phenotypic correlations and genetic dissimilarity. We evaluated lines PIM-030, BGH-433, BGH-4285, Numex Sweet, Numex Garnet and simple hybrids Numex Sweet x PIM-030, Numex Garnet x PIM-030 and BGH-4285 x BGH-433. The research was conducted with eight treatments and four replications in a greenhouse, at campus JK of UFVJM. Twenty two agronomic traits were evaluated. The hybrid BGH-4285 x BGH-433 presents higher heterosis and heterobeltiosis for total fruit productivity and productivity of total fruit dry mass, information of great value for future breeding studies. The authors noticed that larger plants tend to be more productive and present higher fruit fresh mass and also fruits with thicker pericarp, as well as larger fruits having longer pedicels with denser seeds, important for production of paprika. Lines BGH-433, BGH-4285 and PIM-030 are the most recommended to be used in breeding programs.
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Shaforostov, Vasiliy Dmitrievich, and Sergey Sergeevich Makarov. "The Header for a Breeding Plot Combine for Sunflower Harvesting." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2019-0011.
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Abstract Usage of modern technical means for sunflower harvesting, due to their construction designs, inevitably involves yield losses reaching up to 10–11%, as well as increasing of seed injury. Aim of the research presented was to develop a header for a breeding plot combine for sunflower harvesting. As a result, an experimental four-row header for the Delta plot combine for sunflower harvesting was developed and manufactured. The main values of the adjustable parameters are given, depending on the biometric characteristics of the plants being harvested. Using this experimental header, seed injury did not exceed 1.51% at a moisture content of 5.1% and seed losses did not exceed 1%.
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Topko, R. I., G. V. Vologdina, A. V. Gumenyk, and H. M. Kovalyshyna. "Spectral assessments of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines in the autumn period." PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE 12, no. 2 (2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.029.
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The introduction of modern methods for field assessment of winter wheat genotypes is an integral part of improving the quality of the breeding process. The creation, adaptation and use of innovative screening technologies in breeding is becoming increasingly popular and allows the breeder to more widely and objectively evaluate the original forms and newly created material. Important for winter is the autumn period, when under favorable weather conditions (gradual decrease in temperature) there is a slowdown in the growth rate of winter wheat, changing physiological and biochemical processes in the plant, which contribute to its transition to hibernation. The state of winter wheat crops (morpho-biometric indicators of plants) in the autumn is largely decisive in the formation of a sufficient level of winter hardiness, and thus affects the further productivity of the crop. According to the results of analysis of morpho-biological and spectral analysis data, it was established that before overwintering the best condition for the first sowing period was winter wheat plants: MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.48), erythrospermum line 55023 (NDVI = 0.46), Lutesens 60049 (NDVI = 0.46), varieties MIP Distinction (NDVI = 0.46) MIP Jubilee (NDVI = 0.46), MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.46) and line Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0, 47). In the standard variety Podolyanka, the index value was at the level of 0.45. During the second sowing period, the following varieties were identified: MIP Assol (NDVI = 0.32), Ballad Myronivska (NDVI = 0.32), Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Jubilejna ( NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 60107 (NDVI = 0.32). NDVI index of Podolyanka variety was at the level of 0.32.
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Nascimento, Maxwel R., Paulo Ricardo Santos, Fábio C. Coelho, Mário Euclides PC Jaeggi, Kleyton Danilo S. Costa, and Maurício N. Souza. "Biometric analysis in maize genotypes suitable for baby corn production in organic farming system." Horticultura Brasileira 36, no. 3 (September 2018): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620180322.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate and quantify the degree of association between phytotechnical variables for simultaneous selection of maize genotypes suitable to produce baby corn. Seven genotypes were arranged in field in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Genetic parameters, simple, path and canonical correlations of phytotechnical variables were estimated. The variables production of marketable spikes, length of marketable spikes, final plant stand and plant height showed over 80% heritability and variation index higher than the unity, indicating that superior genotypes can be obtained and selection gains. Significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed for production of marketable spikes, positive and of high magnitude with crude protein, dry mass and final plant stand. However, the direct effect between dry mass and production of marketable spikes was pronounced negative (-0.7085), whereas the phenotypic correlation was positive and showed medium magnitude (0.5343), which should be considered the indirect effect of final plant stand (0.7367), to take advantage of the gains of these two traits. The final plant stand is determinant to increase the production of dry matter and marketable spikes, both direct and indirectly. Given the data, we could identify promising variables for plant breeding which can be indicative to select maize genotypes for baby corn production.
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Ilyushko, M. V., and M. V. Romashova. "Variability of rice haploids obtained in anther culture in vitro." Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500-26272019211-14.
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Morphological variability of haploid plants and doubled haploids of rice obtained on one callus line in anther culture in vitro was studied. The work was carried out on rice plants Oryza sativa L. subspecies japonica Kato varietу Cascade. Regenerant plants of one callus line obtained from one rice anther (four in total) were divided into two or three groups of 20-30 plants, depending on the sample size in order of their differentiation on callus and transplantation on the rooting medium. Two callus lines (15.1 and 18.1) formed half of the haploids, half of the doubled haploids, and two other callus lines (5.1 and 7.2) numerous haploids. On callus lines with numerous haploids (5.1 and 7.2), as the regenant number increases, the size of plants decreases (plant height, number of flowers on the main panicle, number of panicles). On the lines 15.1 and 18.1 between groups of haploids and between groups of doubled haploids statistically significant differences absent. In breeding purposes for the induced doubling of the number of chromosomes in haploid regenerants with antitubulin substances such as colchicine, it is advisable to use plants that form on callus among the first. Between haploids of four callus lines and doubled haploids of two callus lines, statistically significant differences (at p=0.001) were revealed using the Hotelling's T2-criterion, calculated for the whole complex of biometric features. Haploids of different lines differed in three or four of them, doubled haploids on three of the five signs (length of panicle, productive bushiness and plant height). Varieties of interest to breeders may be improved by anther culture in vitro.
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Novak, Zh M. "The level of manifestation and variation of biometric indicators of spring barley samples of collection of Uman national university of horticulture." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 1, no. 98 (June 25, 2021): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-76-84.
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Different weather conditions provide unequal growth and development of plants, in addition, biotypes react differently to changes in external environmental factors. Scientists from Ukraine and other countries analyze varieties and samples of spring barley for the purpose of determine donors of useful traits in different soil and climatic conditions. For the purpose of combine a number of useful traits in one genotype, hybridization between geographically distant biotypes is used. Uman National University of Horticulture has a collection of spring barley samples by different geographic origin. The analyze of breeding material by biometric traits, which will allow us to determine the level of manifestation of each of them in different conditions of 2018–2020 and to determine the donors of useful traits for the further breeding process, was carried out. The weather conditions of the years of research were very different. 2018 was the most unfavorable year for early spring crops. The reason for this was the presence of snow cover until the end of March. After that were strong heat and lack of precipitation. 2019 and 2020 were more favorable for spring barley due to the long cool spring. In addition, in 2020, May and June characterized by increased rainfall. The average plant height of the studied biotypes ranged from 50 to 64 cm. Most samples had the lowest plant height 40–57 cm in 2018, and the highest – in 2020 – from 54 to 88 cm. The average spike length of the analyzed samples was 5.9–8.1 cm. There was not dependence between conditions of the research year and spike length. The number of spikelets per spike was naturally determined by the research conditions. The lowest indicators were observed in 2018 — from 7.0 to 12.0 units, while in 2019 — 16.6–23.9 units, and in 2020 — 20.2–27.7 units. The variation of plant height of the analyzed samples was medium and significant with coefficients from 13.7 to 32.6 %. There was a slight, medium and significant variation of the length of the ear (V = 2.9–23.6 %). The index of number of spikelets per spike most varied — the coefficients of variation were 32.6–55.5 %.
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Souto, Antônio Gustavo de Luna, João Paulo Gava Cremasco, Mariana Quintas Maitan, Jéssica Laisca Fernanda de Azevedo, Mariana Rodrigues Ribeiro, and Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos. "Seed germination and vigor of passion fruit hybrids." Comunicata Scientiae 8, no. 1 (April 6, 2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v8i1.1379.
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Most commercial plantations of passion fruit is propagate plants by seed, but germination is irregular, which hinders the growth of seedlings and uniformity, and is connected with the plant genotype. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination and early growth of passion fruit hybrid seedlings, obtained from different genetic combinations. The hybrids were obtained from the cross between progenies from the breeding program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa with hybrids of the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária and of the Viveiros Flora Brasil. The experimental design was completely randomized with six hybrids, five replicates and fifty seeds per experimental unit. Germination was assessed daily until the 28 days, and at the end of the period it was obtained the mean time germination, emergence speed index, seedling height, the length of shoots and roots, and the individual seedling dry matter (root + shoot)was assessed. Among the passion fruit hybrids evaluated, hybrid HB2 (UFVM0212 × BRS Sol do Cerrado) showed the highest germination and seedling biometric values and might be a genotype with potential for breeding programs for seed quality. The specific combining ability of parents can influence the quality of seeds and the vigor of passion fruit seedlings. A factor must be considered is the correct choice of maternal and paternal parents, since they influence the quality of seeds.
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Klymenko, S. V., and A. P. Ilyinska. "Biometric characteristics of fruits and leaves of Cornus officinalis Siebold et Zucc. genotypes in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine." Plant Introduction 85-86 (June 30, 2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46341/pi2020006.
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In the context of global climate change, the current strategy of agroeconomics focuses on the introduction of unique plant species and the selection of new commercially important cultivars adapted to the dramatic weather changes. Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae) has Chinese origin, its reintroduction at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine started in 1993.
The objectives of this research were: to investigate the biometric parameters of fruits and leaves of C. officinalis genotypes, C. officinalis × C. mas hybrid ‘Etude’ and genotype from the grafting C. officinalis on C. mas under cultivation in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and to determine the degree of adaptation of C. officinalis to the climatic conditions of Ukraine (in particular, Right-Bank Forest Steppe) for selection of promising genotypes for further breeding work.
Material and methods. We used: a) 26-year-old maternal plant obtained from a two-year-old seedling in 1993 received from the nursery “Northwoods Wholesale Nursery” Mollala (Oregon, USA), where it was grown as an ornamental plant; b) seedlings of the maternal plant; c) cultivar Etude, which is an artificial hybrid from crossing C. officinalis × C. mas; and d) genotype obtained from grafting C. officinalis on C. mas. In our experiment, the maternal plant is indicated as G-01, while other plants – as G-02–G-08 genotypes. We determined the biometric parameters of the fruit (length, diameter, and weight), endocarp (length, diameter, and weight), pedicel (length and thickness), leaf blade (length, width, and the number of lateral veins) and petiole (length, width, and thickness). We examined the dynamics of fruit and endocarp formation during the season (genotypes G-01–G-03 and G-05) and compared the biometric characteristics of the fruit of genotypes G-01–G-05 from crops of two years, 2010 and 2018, which were most favorable in weather conditions. We have processed quantitative data in the PAST 2.10 software. The differences between the samples were estimated using the Tukey-Kramer test. The degree of variability was determined by the coefficient of variation. To assess the level of variability, we used the classification of Mamaev (1975).
Results. We have found that the largest fruits in 2010 were observed in the genotype G-01 and the smallest – in the genotype G-03. The coefficient of variation of the linear parameters of the fruit and endocarp was in the range 5.7–10.1 %; the level of variability was very low or low. The variability of fruit weight and endocarp was high; the coefficient of variation was from 7.0 up to 28.3 %. The amplitude of the linear parameters of the leaf was wide (coefficient of variation was from 9.8 to 31.0 %). The cultivar Etude differed from other C. officinalis genotypes in size and weight of (M = 1800 mg, max = 2400 mg) and a much wider amplitude of variation in the length (17.9–22.6 vs. 14.3–18.2 mm) of the fruit. The largest leaves were in the genotypes G-08 and G-01, and the smallest – in the genotype G-02. The cultivar Etude did not differ so much by the mean leaf morphometric indices and number of veins, but it demonstrated one of the broadest leaf blades (51.5 mm).
Conclusions. The data obtained in this study is important for the commercial use of C. officinalis and the cultivar Etude as food and medicinal plant, as well as for breeding in climatic conditions of Ukraine and analysis of hybridization features in the genus Cornus in general.
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Usova, Е. A. "Ussuri pear breeding in the green zone of Krasnoyarsk." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 61 (August 3, 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2020-61-38-43.
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The results of breeding of the Ussuri pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.), in the arboretum of the M.F. Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, located in the green zone of the city of Krasnoyarsk in the territory of the educational and experimental forestry, are presented. Ussuri pear trees were selected by biometric parameters and fruiting. The mother specimens that reach the maximum (8.6 m – A685-15) and minimum (5.4 m – A685-5) height were highlighted. Stem diameter varies from 8.0 to 18.0 cm. According to the results of observations for the studied years, the plants with the largest number of fruits (A685-8, A685-13) and the smallest number of fruits (A685- 19) were selected. To replenish the collection of the arboretum, seed offspring were grown, among which the best specimens were revealed. Individuals that have an advantage in height (A685-20) and stem diameter (A685-11) at the early stages of ontogenesis were identified. This allows you to select specimens according to the studied characteristics.
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REIS, CARLOS MANUEL GASPAR, LUIZ CARLOS GAZARINI, TERESA FIDALGO FONSECA, and MARIA MARGARIDA RIBEIRO. "ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATION OF OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (L.) MILL. FOR FORAGE CROP IN A MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT BY USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS." Experimental Agriculture 54, no. 2 (April 13, 2016): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000211.
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SUMMARYIn marginal lands Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) could be used as an alternative fruit and forage crop. The plant vigour and the biomass production were evaluated in Portuguese germplasm (15 individuals from 16 ecotypes) by non-destructive methods, 2 years following planting in a marginal soil and dryland conditions. Two Italian cultivars (Gialla and Bianca) were included in the study for comparison purposes. The biomass production and the plant vigour were estimated by measuring the cladodes number and area, and the fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) per plant. We selected linear models by using the biometric data from 60 cladodes to predict the cladode area, the FW and the DW per plant. Among ecotypes, significant differences were found in the studied biomass-related parameters and several homogeneous groups were established. Four Portuguese ecotypes had higher biomass production than the others, 3.20 Mg ha−1 on average, a value not significantly different to the improved ‘Gialla’ cultivar, which averaged 3.87 Mg ha−1. Those ecotypes could be used to start a breeding program and to deploy material for animal feeding and fruit production.
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Resende, Rosangela Maria Simeão, Liana Jank, Cacilda Borges do Valle, and Ana Lídia Variani Bonato. "Biometrical analysis and selection of tetraploid progenies of Panicum maximum using mixed model methods." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 39, no. 4 (April 2004): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2004000400006.
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The objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters and to predict the genetic and genotypic values of the selection candidates obtained from intraspecific crosses in Panicum maximum as well as the performance of the hybrid progeny of the existing and projected crosses. Seventy-nine intraspecific hybrids obtained from artificial crosses among five apomictic and three sexual autotetraploid individuals were evaluated in a clonal test with two replications and ten plants per plot. Green matter yield, total and leaf dry matter yields and leaf percentage were evaluated in five cuts per year during three years. Genetic parameters were estimated and breeding and genotypic values were predicted using the restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction procedure (REML/BLUP). The dominant genetic variance was estimated by adjusting the effect of full-sib families. Low magnitude individual narrow sense heritabilities (0.02-0.05), individual broad sense heritabilities (0.14-0.20) and repeatability measured on an individual basis (0.15-0.21) were obtained. Dominance effects for all evaluated characteristics indicated that breeding strategies that explore heterosis must be adopted. Less than 5% increase in the parameter repeatability was obtained for a three-year evaluation period and may be the criterion to determine the maximum number of years of evaluation to be adopted, without compromising gain per cycle of selection. The identification of hybrid candidates for future cultivars and of those that can be incorporated into the breeding program was based on the genotypic and breeding values, respectively. The prediction of the performance of the hybrid progeny, based on the breeding values of the progenitors, permitted the identification of the best crosses and indicated the best parents to use in crosses.
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Madoşă, Emilian, Lavinia Sasu, Sorin Ciulca, Constantin Avădanei, Adriana Ciulca, and Giancarla Velicevici. "STUDIES ON THE VARIABILITY OF THE PRODUCTIVITY COMPONENTS IN A COLLECTION OF HOT PEPPER LANDRACES (CAPSICUM ANUUM VAR. MICROCARPUM)." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.027.
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The aim of the research was to evaluate the variability value of the main characters that contribute to the achievement of plant production to a collection of hot pepper genotypes. The biological material was composed of 17 landraces of hot peppers collected from western Romania. The study was conducted for two years, with biometric measurements on the morphological characteristics of fruit production on the plant. Intra-population variability was assessed (mean, standard deviation of mean and coefficient of variability) and differences between populations for these characters. The results show that the variability within the collection is high. Within populations, fruit sizes (length, diameter) are uniform, but the number of fruits and their weight per plant show greater variability. Within the collection, variations in morphological characteristics are large, especially for fruit length, fruit weight, number and weight of fruit per plant. Among the landraces studied, some may be recommended for breeding programs, as parents or as material for the application of selection: for long fruits (Juliţa, Aldeşti I and Satchinez I), for short fruits (Satchinez III), but also the landraces Rieni III (17.07 g average weight of the fruit), Temerești II (89.82 fruits per plant), Aldești I (931.17 g fruits per plant).
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Lozhkin, A. G., P. N. Malchikov, and M. G. Myasnikova. "SPRING DURUM WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE REGION OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2018-58-4-59-62.
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The article presents the data of productivity of spring durum wheat varieties of various morphotype in the northern regions of Chuvash, and the purpose is to select the most promising and to find the opportunities of breeding and technological adaptability of spring durum wheat in the region. There were five varieties participated in the trials, they are ‘Bezenchukskaya Niva’, ‘Bezenchukskaya 200’, ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’, ‘Bezenchukskaya 209’, ‘Luch 25’. The results of the biometric analysis of spring durum wheat showed that plant height of the varieties ranged from 74.6 cm to 104.8 cm. The plants of the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya 200’ were found the shortest, the plants of the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’ turned to be the highest. The varieties ‘Bezenchukskaya Niva’ and ‘Bezenchukskaya 209’ showed the best indexes of productive tillering. The best indexes of a yield structure were found in the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Niva’ with 5.1 cm of a head length, 22.9 seeds per head and 1.12 g of seeds per head. The least indexes were found in the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’ with 16.8 seeds per head and 0.76 g of seeds per head. It has been determined that a number and weight of seeds per head of the varieties changed proportionally to length of head. 1000-kernel weight ranged from 42.32 to 53.27g depending on the variety. The variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Niva’ produced the largest yield (34.1 hwt/ha), the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’ showed the least productivity (19.6 hwt/ha).
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Assis, Janilson Pinheiro de, Roberto Pequeno de Sousa, Paulo César Ferreira Linhares, Eudes de Almeida Cardoso, José Aluisio de Araújo Paula, Maria Francisca Soares Pereira, Lunara de Sousa Alves, Francisco Laíres Cavalcante, and Ariana da Mota Oliveira. "Exploratory Analysis of Biometric Data Concerning Characteristics of Urucum (Bixa orellana L.) in the Northeast of Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 5 (April 15, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n5p225.
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Urucum is a plant adapted to the soil and climate conditions of the semi-arid region. This study evaluates the biometry of urucum seeds. Twenty seeds of annatto were collected in an area of native vegetation with presence of the species, located in the Mossoró Mountains in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil in July 2017 and taken to the plant breeding laboratory, where the following characteristics were evaluated: (a) morphological characterization of the seed being determined the length and width in millimeters, of 200 seeds well developed, with the aid of a pachymeter with precision of 0.1mm and (b) weight of the seed expressed in grams. Descriptive and graphical analyzes were carried out using the statistical software R. The length and width showed a small range of variation, resulting in excellent and reasonable values of coefficients of variation, respectively. We found a regular degree of symmetry and a mesokurtic distribution for length and width of seeds. There was no significant linear correlation between length and width. The features of urucum seeds did not fit to the normal distribution of probability.
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Diordiieva, I. P. "Characteristics of winter bread wheat lines developed with the use of spelt wheat." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 24 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2019.24.04.
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Aim. To create bread wheat lines with valuable economic and biological traits as initial breeding material by hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Results and Discussion. The study was conducted at Uman NUH. Bread wheat accessions were created by remote hybridization and multiple individual selections. Hybrid offspring F2–5 was analyzed for expression of economically valuable characteristics. In the 5th generation (F5), the best specimens were selected and tested in 2012–2018 (F5–F10). Bread winter wheat variety Podolianka was used as a check variety. The systematic method of arranging plots of 10 m2 was used. The plots were arranged in blocks with a density of 400,000 plants/ha in 5 replications. Biometric measurements were carried out on 50 plants selected from each plot in 2 non-adjoining replications. After observations and measurements, grain was threshed, and the yield capacity was determined. The significance of the study results was evaluated as Ye. R. Ermantraut et al. described (2000).The developed accessions differed in expression of economically valuable traits. The plant height varied within 52–112 cm. Middle and short forms were selected. The gluten content varied within 27.5–38.1 %. The lines were grouped according to the spike shape into 5 different morphotypes: speltoids, forms with a typical bread wheat spike, square heads, subcompactoids and compactoids. Short square head accession 1689 and accession 1692 with a typical bread wheat spike were distinguished by several economically valuable features. Conclusions. Remote hybridization of bread winter wheat with spelt enabled developing over 500 bread wheat lines. Forms combining high performance and high grain quality were selected, in particular accession 1689 containing 32.4 % of gluten, 15.8 % of protein and giving a yield of 7.19 t/ha. Hybridization of bread wheat with spelt created variety Artaplot included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine in 2019.
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Mozgovska, A. V., T. V. Ivchenko, N. A. Bashtan, and T. M. Miroshnichenko. "Introduction of new niche crop sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 25 (2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2019.25.04.
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Aim. To analyze introduced sweet potato accessions in the conditions of cultivation in the Left-Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. Thirteen introduced sweet potato accessions bred in Ukraine and other countries were evaluated in the conditions of the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. We found that the genotypes greatly differed in the growing period length, biometric parameters of plants and performance. Early-ripening accessions were V-1, V-6, A-7, Bonita; mid-ripening - Orlean, D-2 and Murasaki. Late-ripening accessions were the most numerous: Betty, Purpur, Blanka, J-12, Eernandes, and Okinawa. The stem length varied a lot. All the mid-ripening accessions formed long, climbing stems. The variability range was analyzed for the number of additional shoots, internode length, leaf number, root tuber shape, and pulp color. The highest yield of sweet potato root tubers was obtained from dessert accession D-2 (112 t/ha), with a marketability of 88%. Table accession V-6 also gave a high yield (87 t/ha), and the marketability of root tubers was 81%. Based on to the research results, two applications for new varieties of sweet potato, Admiral (obtained by clone breeding, selection from the D-2 genotype) and Slobozhanskiy Rubin (selection from the V-6 genotype), were submitted. Conclusions. Thirteen introduced sweet potato accessions bred in Ukraine and other countries were evaluated in the conditions of the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. It was found that the genotypes greatly differed in the growing period length, biometric parameters of plants and performance. Based on to the research results, two applications for new varieties of sweet potato, Admiral (obtained by clone breeding, selection from the D-2 genotype) and Slobozhanskiy Rubin (multi-year selection from the V-6 genotype), were submitted. Keywords: Ipomoea batatas L., sweet potato, introduction, niche crops, genotype.
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Romanov, V. S., A. S. Domblides, L. Yu Kan, A. V. Soldatenko, and M. M. Tareeva. "BREEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF PERENNIAL FORMS OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF ALLIUMS." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 5 (December 4, 2018): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-5-18-24.
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In breeding programs agriculture, interspecies hybridization is an important tool for creating a genetically updated source material in the breeding of varieties. The material consisted of perennial plants of interspecific hybrids of onions BC2(F3-5(A. cepa x A. fistulosum)), BC1(F1-5(A. cepa x A. vavilovii)), F5(A. cepa x A. altaicum) and their inbred offspring. As standard on biometrics and the susceptibility of plants with downy mildew used a variety of onion Odintsovets, as this grade participated in the conduct of the saturating crosses of onion and perennial species A. fistulosum L., A. altaicum Pall. Field experiments were carried out according to the standard technique in conditions of the Moscow region at the experimental base of FSBSI FSVC. Based on the results of the research highlighted in the form of combinations of the cross A. cepa x A. vavilovii and A. cepa x A. fistulosum and A. cepa x A. altaicum interest to breeding in number of leaves, length of leaves, number of seedstalks, the height of the seedstalks, high fertility and relatively high resistance to Peronospora destructor. Forms combination of the cross A. cepa x A. vavilovii was characterized by uniformity the number of seedstalks (5-7 PCs), the height of the seedstalks (96 cm) and resistance to downy mildew (1.0-1.5 score). Forms combination of the cross A. cepa x A. fistulosum stood uniformity by the number of seedstalks (5 PCs), the height of the seedstalks (85-96 cm), resistance to downy mildew (1.0-1.5 score) and a high fertility rate (over 60%). On the basis of the company "regrowth – mass setting of seeds" in each combination of mating types was allocated a separate form, which was distinguished by precocity: BC1(F5(A. cepa x A. vavilovii)) (86 days), BC2(F5(A. cepa x A. fistulosum)) (63 days), I1F5(A. cepa x A. altaicum) (61 days).
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Simões, Welson L., Anderson R. de Oliveira, Jucicléia S. da Silva, Vinicius G. Torres Junior, Weslley O. da Silva, and Lizz K. de Morais. "Characterization and gas exchange in accessions of Saccharum complex under salinity in the Sub-middle São Francisco, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 3 (March 2021): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n3p163-167.
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ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the factors that most limit agricultural yield in the Brazilian semi-arid region. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the leaf gas exchange and biometric characteristics of accessions of the Saccharum complex subjected to salt stress. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, installed at Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with the treatments represented by 19 accessions belonging to different genera/species, being 10 accessions of Saccharum officinarum (BGCN 6, BGCN 91, BGCN 104, BGCN 127, BCGN 90, BGCN 101, BGCN 102, BGCN 118, BGCN 125 and BGCN 122), two accessions of Saccharum spp. (BGCN 87 and BGCN 89), one accession of Saccharum hybridum (BGCN 88), one accession of Saccharum robustum (BGCN 94), four accessions of Erianthus arundinaceus (BGCN 117, BGCN 119, BGCN 120 and BGCN 123) and one accession of Miscanthus spp., with three repetitions. Biometric characteristics, chlorophyll index and leaf gas exchange of the accessions were evaluated when they were subjected to irrigation with salinized water (6.0 dS m-1). E. arundinaceus accessions (BGCN 120 and BGCN 123) showed the highest photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, plant height and leaf length, indicating greater adaptability to salt stress and could be promising in breeding programs.
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Filho, Jerônimo Vieira de Araújo, Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado, Leandro José Dallagnol, and Luís Eduardo Aranha Camargo. "Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) Parasitizing Resistant Tobacco Cultivars in Southern Brazil." Plant Disease 100, no. 6 (June 2016): 1222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-15-0341-re.
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Our study surveyed Meloidogyne spp. from tobacco cultivars in Brazil carrying the Rk gene, which confers resistance to Meloidogyne incognita races 1 and 3. Identification of Meloidogyne populations from 39 tobacco fields was based on the analysis of esterase phenotypes, perineal patterns, and 18S-internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S ribosomal RNA sequences. Biometric characterization and differential host tests of isolates were determined as well. We detected M. incognita, M. javanica, M. enterolobii, M. arenaria, and M. inornata in 18 (46.2%), 16 (41%), 10 (25.6%), 2 (5.1%), and 1 (2.6%) samples, respectively. Mixtures of species were found in 25.6% of the samples. This is the first report of M. inornata parasitizing tobacco in Brazil’s southern region. Two morphological and biochemically unusual populations had host ranges and ITS1 sequences nearly identical to M. enterolobii and M. incognita, respectively. Pathogenic and biometric intraspecific variations were observed. Based on our results and considering the limited efficiency of the Rk gene, it is indispensable not only to search for resistance sources to M. incognita virulent strains but also to consider resistance to M. enterolobii, M. inornata, M. arenaria, and M. javanica in tobacco breeding programs. Changes in integrated management procedures should be considered to avoid increased crop damage in the future.
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Bavandpori, Fatemeh, Jafar Ahmadi, and Sayyed Hossaini. "Stability analysis of bread wheat landraces and lines using biometrical genetic models." Genetika 50, no. 2 (2018): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1802449b.
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In order to evaluate yield stability of twenty genotypes of bread wheat, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under irrigated and rainfed conditions in Razi University of Kermanshah for three years (2011-2013). Combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for the GEI. Stability determined by AMMI analysis indicated that the first two AMMI model (AMMI1-AMMI2) were highly significant (P<0.01). The GEI was three times higher than that of the genotype effect. The results of Biplot AMMI2 showed that, genotypes WC-47359, WC-47472, WC-4611, WC-47388 and WC-47403 had general adaptability. Based on the ASV and GSI, the genotypes number WC-47403 and WC-47472 revealed the highest stability. GGE biplot analysis of yield displaying main effect G and GEI justified 57.5 percent of the total variation. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were used to create a 2-dimensional GGE biplot and explained 34.3, 23.2 of GGE sum of squares (SS), respectively. Genotypes WC-47403, PISHGAM2 exhibited the highest mean yield and stability. Based on the results obtained the best genotypes were WC-47403, PISHGAM2, WC-4968, WC-47472 and WC-47528 for breeding programs.
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KWAŚNIEWSKA, Ewelina, Ewa DZIEDZIC, and Bożena PAWŁOWSKA. "Integration of Cryopreservation and Tissue Culture for Germplasm Conservation and Propagation of Rosa pomifera ‘Karpatia’." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha45110566.
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Cryopreservation is an useful technique for long-term conservation that requires minimal space and maintenance. Germplasm protection of Rosa is important to preserve genetic diversity, to store material for breeding and to expand new research. This study was conducted to develop a droplet vitrification cryopreservation and micropropagation of Rosa pomifera cv. ‘Karpatia’, whose large hypanthia are characterized by remarkable pro-health properties. Culture in vitro was stabilized and shoot tips collected from dormant buds served as initial explants. The multiplication of shoots was carried out on MS medium containing benzyladenine. For the droplet vitrification cryopreservation, shoot tips from in vitro cultures were used: small with exposed meristem, and large with a meristem covered with leaves, as well as shoot tips from in situ plants, which were collected in winter. Treatment time with plant vitrification solution (PVS2) was also tested (10-30 minutes). From in vitro culture, 32-41% small explants with exposed meristem survived, but they regenerated at a very low level. The best cryostorage results were obtained for shoot tips from dormant buds and a 20-minute PVS2 treatment: the survival was 84% and regeneration 72%. During the post-freezing regeneration multiplication index was 2.4 shoots per one multiplication cycle, after cryopreservation and in the control. On half MS medium without growth regulators, 97-99% of shoots rooted, and all rooted plants have adapted to ex vitro conditions and were planted into the soil. Biometric analyses during shoot multiplication, rooting and acclimatization stages did not reveal any changes compared to the non-cryopreserved samples.
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Lichtenzveig, J., D. Shtienberg, H. B. Zhang, D. J. Bonfil, and S. Abbo. "Biometric Analyses of the Inheritance of Resistance to Didymella rabiei in Chickpea." Phytopathology® 92, no. 4 (April 2002): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.4.417.
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Historically, the response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to Didymella rabiei (causal agent of Ascochyta blight) has been mainly related to as complete resistance and it was commonly assayed with qualitative (nonparametric) scales. Two reciprocal populations, derived from intra-specific crosses between a moderately resistant late flowering Israeli cultivar and a highly susceptible early flowering Indian accession, were tested at F3 and F4 generations in 1998 and 1999, respectively. A quantitative (parametric) assessment (percent disease severity) was used to evaluate the chickpea field response to Ascochyta blight. The transformed relative area under the disease progress curve (tRAUDPC) was calculated for each experimental unit for further analyses. Heritability estimates of the tRAUDPC were relatively high (0.67 to 0.85) in both generations for both reciprocal populations. The frequency distributions of tRAUDPC of the populations were continuous and significantly departed from normality (Shapiro-Wilk W test; P of W < 0.0001), being all platykurtic and skewed toward either the resistant or the susceptible parental lines. The presence of major genes was examined by testing the relationship between the F3 and F4 family means and the within-family variances (Fain's test). Analyses of these relationships suggested that segregation of a single (or few) quantitative trait locus with major effect and possibly other minor loci was the predominant mode of inheritance. The correlation estimates between the resistance and days to flower (r = -0.19 to -0.44) were negative and significantly (P = 0.054 to 0.001) different from zero, which represents a breeding constraint in the development of early flowering cultivars with Ascochyta blight resistance.
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Verbuch, I. V., and H. V. Bratkovska. "METHODS OF EVALUATION OF BREEDING VALUE OF LARGE WHITE BREED PIGS OF THE BREEDING PLANT OF SE “PASICHNA” DEPARTMENT OF KHMELNYTSK REGION." Animal Breeding and Genetics 60 (November 23, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.60.01.
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Goal. To accelerate the selection process and create populations of pigs with high level of productivity to assess the most effective modern methods breeding value of large white pigs in the SE "DG" Pasichna "Institute of Feed and Agriculture Podillya NAAS" Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region on the basis of a combined assessment of repair young for their own productivity and assessment meat qualities by MD Berezovsky and B. Tyler and the most promising method BLUP. Methods. Comparison, zootechnical and biometric analyzes. Results. The breeding value of pigs of large white breed of the breeding farm of SE "Pasichna" ICSGP NAAS "Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region by modern effective methods, namely: BLUP. According to the average indicators of the combined assessment of own productivity of animals at control fattening, taking into account their live weight on the date of birth and weaning, average daily gain, live weight and age of 100 kg, body length and fat thickness, boars significantly outweighed pigs. Compared with pigs, their live weight at the date of birth and weaning (at the age of 30 days) was higher by 0.1 and 0.81 kg. The age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg exceeded by 5.43 days, the average daily gain of 0.016 kg. Live weight and body length of pigs on the date of fat thickness measurement was greater by 4.04 kg and 1.03 cm. Lifetime fat thickness at three measurement points at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, on the buttocks and in the midpoint of the back between withers and buttocks was thinner by 0.92; 0.94 and 1.06 mm. Evaluation indices of fattening and meat qualities by growth energy and fat thickness (Ia) and average daily gain and fat thickness (Iv) in boars indicate their higher level by 2.07 and 7.67 points compared to pigs and are equal to, respectively, 95.12 ± 1.95 and 152.96 ± 2.38 points. The coefficient of variability (Cv, %) of indicators of own productivity and estimated indices of fattening and meat qualities of repair boars ranged from 1.92% (body length on the date of fat thickness measurement, cm) to 15.12% (age of live weight 100 kg, days), repair pigs – from 4.63% (body length on the date of fat thickness measurement, cm) to 28.19% (index of assessment for growth energy and fat thickness, (Ia), points). The best average values of indicators of breeding value of animals are found on the basis of modern, most promising method BLUP, because it is considered in terms of mathematics, statistics and selection is the most accurate, well-founded, has the best theoretical basis and the lowest error variance. The average value of the BLUP index (parent lines) for boars of large white breed is 101.71 ± 1.681, pigs – 96.94 ± 0.724 points. At the same time, boars outweighed pigs by 4.77 points. The most positive correlation between live weight of piglets at weaning with their body length (r = 0.16), average daily gain (r = 0.19) and fat thickness (r = 0.24), the average correlation between the indices of fattening and meat qualities according to MD Berezovsky and B. Tyler (r = 0.56) P > 0.99 and the weak correlation between live weight of piglets at weaning and the BLUR index (r = 0,21) P > 0.99. It should be noted that there are almost no correlations between the fattening and meat quality indices of pigs and the BLUP index. Conclusions. In the conditions of breeding and specialized farms for the production of commercial pork in the region, to determine the breeding value of animals for further reproduction of their own herd and sale to other breeding farms of Ukraine, to systematically assess repair young animals for their own productivity and clear qualities of pigs and the most perfect BLUP index.
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Punia, S. S., Baldev Ram, Meenakshi Dheer, A. Raghuvanshi, N. R. Koli, B. R. Ranwha, O. P. Khedar, and S. R. Maloo. "Screening of promising accessions of urdbean (V. mungo L.) from different agroâ€ecological zones of Southern and South–Eastern Rajasthan (India) based on biometrical attributes." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 2, no. 2 (May 11, 2012): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.2(2).p66-72.
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Genetic variability among 133 accessions of urdbean (Vigna mungo) collected from different agroâ€ecological zones of Southern and South–Eastern Rajasthan, India was assessed for several qualitative and quantitative traits. These accessions along with two national checks KU 96â€3 and RBU 38 were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications at experimental field of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (25.18°N and 75.86°E), Rajasthan, India during kharif 2009 and 2010. Wide range of variability was observed for both qualitative and quantitative traits. Plant height (cm), primary branches and pods per plant showed high genetic advance and moderate to high heritability. This suggests that the selection based on these traits would be useful in improving the seed yield. The genotypes like KPU 1099, KPU 1057 and KPU 1086 can be used as promising donor parents in recombination breeding programme for obtaining high heterotic response and better segregants.
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Kisiała, Anna, Dorota Olszewska, Aleksandra Niklas-Nowak, and Paweł Nowaczyk. "Biometrical characteristics of R2 generation of anther-derived pepper (Capsicum spp.) plants." Acta Agrobotanica 64, no. 3 (2012): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2011.031.
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Eight anther-derived DH lines of pepper hybrids: two red-fruited (AP14, AP15) and two yellow lines (AP25 and AP32) of <i>C. annuum</i> (ATZ1 × PO)F<sub>2</sub>, two lines of (<i>C. frutescens</i> × <i>C. annuum</i>)F<sub>1</sub> (FA1, FA2), and two of (<i>C. frutescens</i> × <i>C. chinense</i>)F<sub>1</sub> (FCH2, FCH3), were studied regarding important morphological plant and fruit characters. <i>C. annuum</i> breeding line 'ATZ1' was used as a standard. The following traits were evaluated: total fruit yield, fruit weight, weight of placenta with seeds, technological matter, pericarp thickness, extract content, dry matter content, weight and number of seeds per fruit. The level of homogeneity within the DH lines was analysed with a one-way analysis of variance, additionally the values of coefficient of variation (CV) were determined for the tested plant characters. The highest phenotypic uniformity was noted for the red-fruited lines obtained from anthers of (ATZ1 × PO)F<sub>2</sub> and for the DH lines of (<i>C. frutescens</i> × <i>C. annuum</i>) F<sub>1</sub>, while the least uniform were FCH2 and FCH3 lines of (<i>C. frutescens</i> × <i>C. chinense</i>)F<sub>1</sub>. The DH lines AP14 and AP15, as well as FA1 and FA2 were phenotype homogeneous in respect of weight of fruit, technological matter, pericarp thickness and extract content. For these parameters, also the values of CV were the lowest. Statistically significant interline polymorphism between the androgenic lines of the same origin was detected among the lines of <i>C. annuum</i> (ATZ1 × PO)F<sub>2</sub>.
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Гарт, Ю. О., В. Р. Крутько, and І. С. Кондратенко. "Variability of biometric indices of plants of breeding forms of sweet pepper under condition of sexual and combined apomictically-sexual reproduction." Plant Breeding and Seed Production, no. 107 (November 24, 2015): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2015.54026.
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Dimitrov, Evgeniy, Zlatina Uhr, and Nikolaya Velcheva. "Genetic distance of common winter wheat varieties." Genetika 53, no. 2 (2021): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2102521d.
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The study was conducted during the period 2017-2019 in the experimental field of IPGR Sadovo. Wheat is the most important agricultural crop worldwide. Bulgarian wheat production in 2019 amounts to 6.162 thousand tons - an increase of 5.7% compared to 2018, due to the relatively favorable climatic conditions in the process of crop development, which led to an increase in average yield (with 6.8%). Twenty nine common winter wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) with Belorusian origin and two Bulgarian varieties - Sadovo 1 and Enola were evaluated. The studied materials were sown in 2 rows with the length - 2 m, at the row spacing - 20 cm and the distance in rows - 5 cm. The standard technology adopted in IPGR for cultivation of common winter wheat was used. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic distance of common winter wheat genotypes with a view to their use in the breeding process as sources of initial material for the formation of new and highly productive wheat varieties. Biometric measurements were made on 20 plants of each genotype and the main productivity indicators were recorded. To evaluate the genetic similarity between the different varieties, cluster analysis and PC analysis were applied. Based on the cluster analysis, the studied genotypes are classified into five large cluster groups. With the most genetic closeness to each other are characterized the varieties Vasilisa and Uzlet, followed by Daria and Rostan. The greatest genetic distance is shown between the Bulgarian varieties Sadovo 1 and Enola to the varieties from Belarus. The greatest genetic difference was found between Sadovo 1 and Rassvet, followed by Enola and Rassvet. Genetically distant varieties belonging to different cluster groups can be used as sources of initial material to achieve genetic diversity in the breeding of common winter wheat.
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Koleboshina, T. G., E. A. Varivoda, and P. P. Suslov. "New technologies of cultivation of watermelon as a key to development of the melon industry." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 4, 2021): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-4-94-98.
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Relevance. The appearance on the market of water-soluble fertilizers, growth regulators, biological products requires a detailed study of these drugs to determine their effectiveness in increasing yields and optimizing costs. Therefore, the issue of developing environmentally friendly elements of the technology for growing varieties of table watermelon of different ripening periods with the use of new types and forms of water-soluble fertilizers becomes urgent.Materials and methods. The object of research is varieties of watermelon of domestic selection of early and medium ripening. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 on the basis of the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station (Bykovskiy district, Volgograd region). The methods of using the preparation Potassium Humate (liquid) were studied: Treatment of plants twice, Soaking the seeds before sowing. The passage of the main periods of plant growth and development, biometric parameters of plants, biochemical composition of fruits and productivity of table watermelon were determined. The purpose of the research: to determine the effectiveness of methods of using potassium humate (liquid) in increasing yields, to reveal their influence on the quality of table watermelon fruits of different ripening periods.Results. The experimental data obtained showed a fairly high efficiency of the use of humic fertilizer in the cultivation of table watermelon both in early-maturing varieties and in varieties of late ripening. The maximum yield of the late-ripening watermelon variety Ikar was obtained when using the preparation Potassium Humate for treating plants – 17.1 t/ha, which is 25.7% more than control. The same method of using the humic preparation was noted as the most promising in the early ripening variety of watermelon Triumph, where the yield exceeded the control values by 21.8% and the method of use was by 18.0% – soaking the seeds before sowing. Studies have determined that the use of the preparation Potassium Humate in the technology of growing table watermelon allows to obtain fruits of good quality with a content of nitrates significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentrations for this culture (MPC – 60 mg/kg).
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Tomkowiak, Agnieszka, Jan Bocianowski, Dominika Radzikowska, and Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski. "Selection of Parental Material to Maximize Heterosis Using SNP and SilicoDarT Markers in Maize." Plants 8, no. 9 (September 14, 2019): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8090349.
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The chief aim of plant breeding is to improve varieties so as to increase their yield and breeding traits. One of the first stages of breeding is the selection of parental forms from the available gene pool of existing varieties. To date, costly and laborious methods based on multiple crossbreeding and phenotypic selection have been necessary to properly assess genetic resources in terms of productivity, quality parameters, and susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stressors. The often long and complicated breeding cycle can be significantly shortened through selection using DNA markers. To this end, use is made of close couplings between the marker and the locus responsible for the inheritance of the functional trait. The aim of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and SilicoDArT markers associated with yield traits and to predict the heterosis effect for yield traits in maize (Zea mays L.). The plant material used in the research consisted of 19 inbred maize lines derived from different starting materials, and 13 hybrids resulting from crossing them. A two-year field experiment with inbred lines and hybrids was established at two Polish breeding stations on 10 m2 plots in a randomized block design with three replicates. The biometric measurements included cob length, cob diameter, core length, core diameter, number of rows of grain, number of grains in a row, mass of grain from the cob, weight of one thousand grains, and yield. The isolated DNA was subjected to DArTseq genotyping. Association mapping was performed in this study using a method based on the mixed linear model with the population structure estimated by eigenanalysis (principal component analysis of all markers) and modeled by random effects. Narew, Popis, Kozak, M Glejt, and Grom were the hybrids used in the study that showed the highest significant heterosis effect in 2013 and 2014. The similarity between parental components determined on the basis of SNP and SilicoDArT marker analysis did not exceed 33%. It was found that the genetic similarity between parental components, determined on the basis of SNP and SilicoDArT markers, reflected their degree of relationship, and correlated significantly with the effect of heterosis. As the results indicate, the parental components for heterosis crosses can be selected based on genetic similarity between parental components evaluated using SNP and SilicoDArT markers, supported with information on the origin of parental forms. Of the markers we analyzed, 76 were selected as being significantly associated with at least six traits observed in 2013 and 2014 at both the Łagiewniki and Smolice stations.
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Bazyleva, N. A., A. L. Gulis, V. A. Beinia, and S. V. Tsekhanovich. "Morphobiological properties of Belarusian varieties of Korean chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coreanum)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 66, no. 3 (August 4, 2021): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2021-66-3-339-344.
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The assortment of floral and ornamental plants is annually replenished with new varieties of perennial floral plants. The group of late summer and autumn flowering perennials is one of the most popular in landscaping. Korean chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum сoreanum) is one of the most promising crops for landscaping settlements in the Republic of Belarus, therefore, breeders of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus began to work with this group of small-flowered chrysanthemums.The article describes the results of breeding work, the purpose of which was to create local highly decorative varieties for our climatic zone. The method of free cross-pollination and subsequent selection from the obtained hybrid seedlings of the most promising forms were used in the work. The most significant features in the selection were the following: flowering time, winter hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests, as well as good vegetative reproduction. As a result, 4 domestic varieties of Korean chrysanthemum have successfully passed state variety testing and have been registered in the National List since 2020. Descriptions of these new varieties, their biometric parameters, decorative parameters and flowering times are provided.
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Ovchinnikova, O. P. "Morphological potential of the gene pool of radish." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 1, no. 97 (December 28, 2020): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-1-260-268.
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The article presents the research of samples of the collection material of radish sowing Raphanus sativus L. Ukrainian and foreign selection of different ecological and geographical origin. Weather conditions during the research period (2015–2017) were characterized by a high variability of hydrothermal conditions, which manifested itself in the lack of moisture at different stages of ontogenesis of the.radish. Subsequently, the uneven amount of precipitation during the growing season led to a decrease in yield and a change in the biometric indicators of the rosette of leaves and root crops. As you know, varieties of radish Raphanus sativus L. are complex populations with a variety of genetic material, especially in terms of quantitative characteristics. The quantitative traits of a plant organism are subject to strong modification variability, which is the main obstacle to increasing the efficiency of selection of the required selection genotypes. One of the criteria for the variability of quantitative traits is the coefficient of variation (V, %). This statistical indicator allows one to obtain information about the characteristics of the reaction rate of various quantitative traits of a plant, while ensuring the comparability of the results obtained. The conducted studies of biometric indicators of sowing radish made it possible to analyze the variation of its main quantitative characteristics. In the course of the research, a description of the variability of the morphological characteristics of the samples of sowing radish of various breeding and geographical origin was carried out. The revealed features make it possible to analyze the nature of variability of quantitative traits and contribute to the widespread involvement of the best varieties in the breeding process as donors of valuable traits. According to the research results, it was allocated for mechanized harvesting on the basis of the «smallest rosette of leaves» varieties of sowing radish: 18 days (Russia) a variety of pink-red with a white tip and a cylindrical root crop, Zarya (Russia) — a dark red variety with a rounded root crop, Duet (Italy) is a pink-red variety with an oval root crop. And also varieties White cylindrical and Ice icicle — a variety of white cylindrical Ukrainian selection. During the study, it was found that the size of the root crop is controlled by the genotype, but its formation is more dependent on external environmental factors. For selection according to the parameter «length of the root crop», the following samples were selected: 18 days (Russia) and White brekfast (Germany), according to the «width of the root crop» — Belaya (Czech Republic), Zhara (Netherlands)
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VOSTRIKOVA, Tatiana V., Vladislav N. KALAEV, Andrey Yu POTAPOV, Gizacheu M. MANAKHELOKHE, and Khidmet S. SHIKHALIEV. "USE OF NEW COMPOUNDS OF THE QUINOLINE SERIES AS GROWTH AND YIELD STIMULANTS OF AGRICULTURAL CROP." Periódico Tchê Química 18, no. 38 (July 28, 2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v18.n38.2021.9_vostrikova_pgs_123_136.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Productivity is increased with breeding techniques and modes for obtaining highly productive cultivars, various agricultural activities, and the use of new technologies for growing planting material. Some of modes to increase productivity are simple. They use different growth stimulants. Many methods were developed to synthesize organic compounds that have stimulating biological activity and can be used as growth stimulants for agricultural crop. Aim: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of synthesized organic compounds of the general formula: 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline on growth indicators (by which we meant seed germination and plant height, length, width, and the number of leaves) and the yield of the agricultural crop. Methods: To identify the biological effects of the synthesized organic compounds, morphometric parameters of an annual vegetable crop (Solanum melongena L.) were selected. It is investigated seed germination, growth processes, and yield. Growth processes were studied by biometric indicators. Biometric indicators included the plant height, length, width, and the number of leaves. Results and Discussion: The most effective growth stimulators from compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline for common eggplant were revealed. The most effective substances for Solanum melongena are 1,2,2,4-tetramethyl-6-(1-piperidinylcarbothioyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline hydrochloride and 4-[(1,2,2,4-tetramethyl-1,2-dihydro-6-quinolinyl)carbothioyl]-1-piperazinylcarbaldehyde hydrochloride in tested concentrations (0,01 %; 0,05 % and 0,1 %), as well as the compounds of the general formula: 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline in concentrations of 0,05 % and 0,1 %. It was established that the synthesized chemical substances cause stimulation of the eggplant growth compared with existing commercial preparation. Compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2- dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioil-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline increase the seed germination of Solanum melongena from 30 to 80 %, the vegetative mass - from 10 to 40 %, yield - from 28 to 46 %. Conclusions: Tetrahydroquinolines are most effective as stimulants of growth processes (and productivity) for common eggplant. Compounds containing a dihydro-6-quinolinyl substituent stimulate the growth and also increase the yield of Solanum melongena. The expediency of quinoline series compounds for the production of vegetable growing is shown. Used growth stimulators increase the adaptive potential of Solanum melongena.