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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plant defense chemicals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Priestley, R. A. "Phytoalexin synthesis in aggregated suspension cultures of Phaseolus vulgaris." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382750.

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2

Gluck, Thaler Emile. "Computational, Evolutionary and Functional Genetic Characterization of Fungal Gene Clusters Adapted to Degrade Plant Defense Chemicals." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555406081422532.

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3

Heckman, Melanie L. "A test of optimal defense theory vs. the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis as predictors of seaweed palatability and defenses." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42720.

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Because organisms have limited resources to allocate to multiple life history traits, the Optimal Defense Theory (ODT) and the Growth-Differentiation Balance Hypothesis (GDBH) were developed by terrestrial plant ecologists to predict intraindividual defense allocation based on the cost of defense and these life history trade-offs. However, these theories have garnered equivocal experimental support over the years and are rarely experimentally extended from predictions of plant physiology to the palatability of the tissues an herbivore experiences. We therefore examined tissue palatability, n

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4

Prusak, Anne C. "Activated and constitutive chemical defenses in freshwater plants." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131334/unrestricted/prusak%5Fanne%5Fc%5F200405%5Fms.pdf.

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5

Majorczyk, Alexis M. "Chemical Defense Mechanisms of Arabidopsis thaliana Against Insect Herbivory: The Role of Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1249513273.

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6

Dewhirst, Sarah Yvonne. "Aspects of aphid chemical ecology : sex pheromones and induced plant defences." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11485.

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7

Hartley, S. E. "Rapidly induced chemical changes in birch foliage : Their biochemical nature and impact on insect herbivores." Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381348.

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8

Foster, Rosie. "Plants signalling to herbivores : is there a link between chemical defence and visual cues?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45168/.

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The use of visual cues by insect herbivores is likely to be an important component of plant-herbivore interactions in the wild, yet has until recently received little attention from researchers. In the last decade, however, interest in this topic has intensified following Hamilton & Brown's (2001) autumn colouration hypothesis, which proposes that the intensity of colouration of trees at autumn time is a signal of their defensive commitment to potential herbivores. This idea remains controversial and to date robust empirical data linking colouration with chemical defence and herbivory have bee

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9

Goodman, Keri M. "Freshwater red algae use activated chemical defenses against herbivores." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41208.

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Chemically mediated interactions have important ecological and evolutionary effects on populations and communities. Despite recognition that herbivory can significantly affect the biomass and composition of freshwater macrophyte communities, there are few investigations of chemical defenses among freshwater vascular plants and mosses and none of freshwater red algae. This study compares the palatability of five species of freshwater red algae (Batrachospermum helminthosum, Boldia erythrosiphon, Kumanoa sp., Paralemanea annulata, and Tuomeya americana) that occur in the southeastern United St

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10

Zhao, Tao. "Conifer chemical defense : Rugulation of bark beetle colonization and pheromone emission." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Organisk kemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33199.

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Terpenes and phenols are of importance in conifer defense against insects and pathogens. Knowledge about tree chemical defense is vital for developing practical methods to maintain healthy forests. With the aims of characterizing the defensive chemical induction in Norway spruce Picea abies and demonstrating its ecological function to spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, we measured the terpenoid and phenolic content in the bark of mature Norway spruce trees suffering windstorm, inoculated with Ceratocystis polonica, or treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and investigated the colonization and

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11

Muchlinski, Andrew Joseph. "Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Terpenoid Specialized Metabolism in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Carrot (Daucus carota)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102778.

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Plants produce a large number of specialized or secondary compounds that aid in their reproduction and protection against biotic and abiotic stress. In this work I investigated the metabolism and function of terpenes, the largest class of specialized metabolites, in switchgrass and carrot. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial C4 grass of the Tallgrass Prairie, represents an important species in natural and anthropogenic grasslands of North America. Its natural resilience to abiotic and biotic stress has made switchgrass a preferred bioenergy crop. I have investigated the metabolism o

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12

Ohlsson, Åse. "Do plants change their defence strategy from a structural defence to a chemical one as a response to heavier herbivory?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-310.

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<p>To the main part, this paper is the result of a literature survey and to the minor part of a field survey. The study is found on the question of, if and why unpalatable plant species invade heavily grassed rangelands and if plants change their defence strategy from a mechanical defence to a chemical defence if the herbivory pressure increase. I conclude that defended plants do invade heavily grassed rangelands if the rangelands lose essential recourses (often nutrients) and/or the defended plants are strongly avoided by mammalian herbivores. I also conclude that plants do go from a mechanic

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13

Sieg, Robert Drew. "Chemically-mediated interactions in salt marshes: mechanisms that plant communities use to deter closely associated herbivores and pathogens." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47590.

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Herbivores and pathogens pose a consistent threat to plant productivity. In response, plants invest in structural and/or chemical defenses that minimize damage caused by these biotic stressors. In salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States, a facultative mutualism between snails (Littoraria irrorata) and multiple species of fungi exert intense top-down control of the foundation grass species Spartina alterniflora. Since exposure to herbivores and pathogens are tightly coupled in this system, I investigated whether S. alterniflora utilizes chemical and/or structural defenses

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14

Sohrabi, Reza. "Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Induced Terpene Formation in Arabidopsis Roots." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74938.

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Plants have evolved a variety of constitutive and induced chemical defense mechanisms against biotic stress. Emission of volatile compounds from plants facilitates interactions with both beneficial and pathogenic organisms. However, knowledge of the chemical defense in roots is still limited. In this study, we have examined the root-specific biosynthesis and function of volatile terpenes in the model plant Arabidopsis. When infected with the root rot pathogen Pythium irregulare, Arabidopsis roots release the acyclic C11-homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT), which is a common co

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15

Ranger, Christopher M. "The chemical mechanism for defense of glandular-haired alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., against the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137739.

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16

Ruz, Estévez Lídia. "Improvement of strategies for the management of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora). Evaluation and optimization of physical and chemical control methods, and use of decision support systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7923.

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El foc bacterià és una malaltia que afecta a plantes de la família de la rosàcies, causada pel bacteri Erwinia amylovora. El seu rang d'hostes inclou arbres fruiters, com la perera, la pomera o el codonyer, i plantes ornamentals de gran interès comercial i econòmic. Actualment, la malaltia s'ha dispersat i es troba àmpliament distribuïda en totes les zones de clima temperat del món. A Espanya, on la malaltia no és endèmica, el foc bacterià es va detectar per primer cop al 1995 al nord del país (Euskadi) i posteriorment, han aparegut varis focus en altres localitzacions, que han estat convenien

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17

Li, Guanjun [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Gutachter] Boland, and Nicole van [Gutachter] Dam. "Gene regulation in plant herbivory defense : deffect of insect mechanical wounding and chemical oral secretion factors / Guanjun Li ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Boland, Nicole van Dam." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1177597373/34.

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18

Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara. "Potential for using insects to guide the search for medicinally-active chemical compounds in plants." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80859.

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This thesis investigates the possibility of using aposematic insects as guides to plants that contain pharmacologically-active compounds. Plants were monitored within national parks in the Republic of Panama over a period of six months and all insects feeding on them were collected and raised in captivity. The insects were then extracted and analyzed to determine how they were treating toxic chemical compounds in their host plant. Two principal plants were investigated with their associated insects: (1) Vismia baccifera and (2) Mikania guaco. One generalist and one specialist Lepidopter

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19

Diner, Brandee. "Plant-herbivore interactions between North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) and trembling aspens (Populus tremuloides)." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84024.

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Plant-herbivore interactions play a significant role in the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Co-evolutionary theory suggests that plant defenses evolved due to herbivores and herbivore pressure can shape the genetic composition of their food resources. We used interactions between North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) and trembling aspens ( Populus tremuloides) as a system to investigate this theory's important assumption that herbivores select food sources based on genetically controlled traits. We confirmed that porcupines exhibit intra-specific food selection and tha

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20

Parker, John D. "Plant-herbivore interactions : consequences for the structure of freshwater communities and exotic plant invasions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9460.

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Invasive exotic species threaten native biodiversity, alter ecosystem structure and function, and annually cost over $100 billion in the US alone. Determining the ecological traits and interactions that affect invasion success are thus critical for predicting, preventing, and mitigating the negative effects of biological invasions. Native herbivores are widely assumed to facilitate exotic plant invasions by preferentially consuming native plants and avoiding exotic plants. Here, I use freshwater plant communities scattered broadly across the Southeastern U.S. to show that herbivory is an impor

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21

Sneed, Jennifer M. "The Effects of Labyrinthula sp. Infection, Salinity, and Light on the Production of Phenolic Compounds in Thalassia testudinum." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001230.

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22

Huh, Jung-Hyun. "Biochemical, Molecular and Functional Analysis of Volatile Terpene Formation in Arabidopsis Roots." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77151.

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Plants produce secondary (or specialized) metabolites to respond to a variety of environmental changes and threats. Especially, volatile compounds released by plants facilitate short and long distance interaction with both beneficial and harmful organisms. Comparatively little is known about the organization and role of specialized metabolism in root tissues. In this study, we have investigated the root-specific formation and function of volatile terpenes in the model plant Arabidopsis. As one objective, we have characterized the two root-specific terpene synthases, TPS22 and TPS25. Both en

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23

Bredlau, Justin P. "Evolving Reproductive Isolation in the Parasitic Wasp Genus Cotesia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5358.

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Parasitic wasps are highly diverse and play a major role in suppression of herbivorous pest populations, but relatively little is known of the mechanisms driving their diversity. Molecular studies indicate that cryptic species complexes resulting from adaptations to specific hosts or host-foodplants may be common. The gregarious endoparasitoid, Cotesia congregata (Braconidae), is a model system for understanding parasitic wasp biology. It is reported to attack at least 15 species of sphingid caterpillars, most of which are plant family specialists. Molecular studies have demonstrated genetic d

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24

Winter, Damon A. "Interclonal Variation of Primary and Secondary Chemistry in Western Quaking Aspen and its Influence on Ungulate Selection." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/856.

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Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) clones within close proximity to one another can exhibit drastically different levels of browsing by ungulates. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine interclonal differences in plant chemistry between adjacent clones exhibiting different degrees of herbivory which may influence the browsing behavior and patterns of ungulates, and (2) determine if correlation exists in the levels of salicortin and tremulacin between current year's suckers and current year's growth on older trees. This second objective was meant to indicate a protocol for land man

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25

CORRÊA, Priscila Gomes. "Defesas foliares em resposta à herbivoria em espécies lenhosas de restinga,Ipojuca-PE." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4924.

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Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-01T13:55:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Gomes Correa.pdf: 1508268 bytes, checksum: a32990bd4e7db41baae0a2448dea3298 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T13:55:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Gomes Correa.pdf: 1508268 bytes, checksum: a32990bd4e7db41baae0a2448dea3298 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-01<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq<br>The leaf, the major photosynthetic plant organ, has the important function to adjust the plants to different habitats through morp

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26

Qu, Yanyan. "Interactions indirectes médiées par la plante sous contraintes biotiques multiples." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR6035.

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Les plantes, en tant que producteurs primaires, peuvent être consommées/attaquées par de nombreux organismes, notamment des virus, des pathogènes, des insectes herbivores ou encore des nématodes phytophages. D'une part, les plantes sont une ressource alimentaire principale pour ces organismes ; d'autre part, les plantes peuvent se défendre contre ces consommateurs en mobilisant des défenses constitutives et/ou induites. En cas de défenses induites suite à l’attaque d’un ravageur, des interactions indirectes médiées par la plante peuvent apparaitre entre ce ravageur et d’autres ravageurs partag

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27

Huang, Hsiang-Wei, and 黃翔瑋. "The gene expression of insect-induced plant defense signal and plant defense chemicals." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40942146998252829303.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>昆蟲學系所<br>94<br>Plant responses to herbivores are complex. Signaling cross-talk between wound- and pathogen-response pathways influences resistance of plants to insects and diseases. Jasmonic acid (JA) was identified as a component of fragrant oils and was first demonstrated to promote senescence of leaves in 1980’s, and were subsequently shown to be a class of plant growth regulator. In late 1990’s, new evidences indicate that JA is a key factor between chemical web on plant-insect interaction, and contend for the plant interior resources with salicylic acid (SA) signaling path

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28

"Metabolism of cruciferous chemical defenses by plant pathogenic fungi." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2012-06-493.

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Plants produce complex mixtures of secondary metabolites to defend themselves from pathogens. Among these defenses are metabolites produced de novo, phytoalexins, and constitutive metabolites, phytoanticipins. As a counter-attack, pathogenic fungi are able to transform such plant defenses utilizing detoxifying enzymes. This thesis investigates the metabolism of two important cruciferous phytoalexins (brassinin (33) and camalexin (39)) by the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea and the metabolism of cruciferous phytoanticipins (glucosinolates and derivatives) by three economically important

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29

Louw, Anna Elizabeth. "Chemically induced defense responses in tobacco cell." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6950.

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M.Sc.<br>Chemically-induced plant defense responses were investigated in tobacco cell cultures. The inducing conditions were as follows: chitosan (C), an elicitor (E) prepared from Phytophthora nicotianae, isonicotinic acid (INA), isonicotinamide (IND) and isonitrosoacetophenone (INAP) as well as the addition of INA, IND and INAP as conditioning agents (primary elicitors) followed by secondary elicitation with either chitosan or elicitor. The defense responses investigated included determinations of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, total soluble phenolic content, specific phenolic p

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30

"Variation in plant chemical defenses and the physiological response of specialist and generalist herbivores." Tulane University, 2008.

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Empirical studies in Ecology have shown that insect herbivores feeding on plants with high concentrations of secondary metabolites are more likely to be successfully parasitized. This dissertation research examined one potential mechanism by which plant secondary metabolites render herbivores vulnerable to attack by natural enemies: secondary metabolites may have a negative effect on the physiology and immune response of lepidopteran larvae (caterpillars). An experimental approach tested the novel hypothesis that herbivores feeding on plants with high concentrations of iridoid glycosides and a

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31

Klepzig, Kier Dean. "Interactions of stress, plant chemical defenses and subcortical insect-fungal complexes in red pine decline." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31615245.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1994.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-242).

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32

Edmonds, Gareth John. "Investigating induced resistance in sugarcane." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11423.

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Five potential resistance-inducing chemicals were applied to two sugarcane varieties (N12 and N27) in a pot trial with the aim of inducing resistance to nematodes in naturally-infested soil. BION® (acibenzolar-S-methyl), methyl jasmonate, cis-jasmone and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) were applied as a foliar spray and suSCon® maxi (imidacloprid) applied to the soil. All chemicals were tested at two rates and plants were sprayed one week prior to being harvested at 7, 9 and 11 weeks of age. Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus infestation of sett and shoot roots was determined at each harvest. Th

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33

Pezet, Joshua D. "Resin Volatiles of Eastern Hemlock Induced by its Non-Native Herbivores." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/976.

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Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is in decline because of infestation by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae; ‘HWA’) and, to a lesser extent, the elongate hemlock scale (Fiorinia externa; ‘EHS’). Many conifers respond to insect herbivory by inducing oleoresin-based defenses, however it is unknown whether eastern hemlock is capable of this inducible response. We conducted a plantation setting study of artificially infested saplings to determine if feeding by HWA or EHS induces changes in the tree’s volatile chemistry. The induced changes in volatiles we found were unlike the t

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