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Journal articles on the topic 'Plant-derived raw materials'
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Guo, Wenjin, Xiaohan Wang, Xingyuan Lu, Xiang Li, Yang Li, and Junqi Sun. "Plant oil and amino acid-derived elastomers with rapid room temperature self-healing ability." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 38 (2019): 21927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05102c.
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Trita, A. S., L. C. Over, J. Pollini, S. Baader, S. Riegsinger, M. A. R. Meier, and L. J. Gooßen. "Synthesis of potential bisphenol A substitutes by isomerising metathesis of renewable raw materials." Green Chemistry 19, no. 13 (2017): 3051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc00553a.
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Yao, Yao, Zhenbing Sun, Xiaobao Li, Zhengjie Tang, Xiaoping Li, Jeffrey J. Morrell, Yang Liu, Chunli Li, and Zhinan Luo. "Effects of Raw Material Source on the Properties of CMC Composite Films." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010032.
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Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can be derived from a variety of cellulosic materials and is widely used in petroleum mining, construction, paper making, and packaging. CMCs can be derived from many sources with the final properties reflecting the characteristics of the original lignocellulosic matrix as well as the subsequent separation steps that affect the degree of carboxy methyl substitution on the cellulose hydroxyls. While a large percentage of CMCs is derived from wood pulp, many other plant sources may produce more attractive properties for specific applications. The effects of five plant sources on the resulting properties of CMC and CMC/sodium alginate/glycerol composite films were studied. The degree of substitution and resulting tensile strength in leaf-derived CMC was from 0.87 to 0.89 and from 15.81 to 16.35 MPa, respectively, while the degree of substitution and resulting tensile strength in wooden materials-derived CMC were from 1.08 to 1.17 and from 26.08 to 28.97 MPa, respectively. Thus, the degree of substitution and resulting tensile strength tended to be 20% lower in leaf-derived CMCs compared to those prepared from wood or bamboo. Microstructures of bamboo cellulose, bamboo CMC powder, and bamboo leaf CMC composites’ films all differed from pine-derived material, but plant source had no noticeable effect on the X-ray diffraction characteristics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, or pyrolysis properties of CMC or composites films. The results highlighted the potential for using plant source as a tool for varying CMC properties for specific applications.
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Banaś, Anna, and Anna Korus. "Influence of plant-derived raw materials on the antioxidant properties of low-sugar cherry jams." Zywnosc Nauka Technologia Jakosc/Food Science Technology Quality 114, no. 1 (2018): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15193/zntj/2018/114/221.
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Fruits are a good source of bioactive compounds exhibiting pro-health properties. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of adding chokeberry, elderberry, Japanese quince, flax seeds and wheat germs on the antioxidant properties of low-sugar cherry jams stored at refrigeration (10 ºC) or room temperature (20 ºC) for 12 months. The highest levels of total polyphenols (3.036 g/kg), total flavonoids (1.372 g/kg) and total anthocyanins (0.902 g/kg) were recorded in the cherry jam with 15 % chokeberry fruit added, immediately after its production. In the cherry jams studied, the following polyphenols were identified: p-cumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, rutin and (+)- catechin. In the jam without plant ingredients the dominant polyphenols were (+)-catechin (0.023 g/kg) and caffeic acid (0.019 g/kg). The content of vitamin C was the highest (0.085 g/kg) in the jam with Japanese quince added. The level of antioxidant activity (ABTS·+, DPPH· and FRAP) was the highest in the cherry jam with 15 % added chokeberry fruit. Both the longer time of storage and higher storage temperature resulted in a decrease in the value of all the parameters analyzed. Enriching cherry jams with pro-health ingredients improved the quality of the final product. These products are a valuable source of antioxidants in daily diet.
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Putnik, Predrag, Jose Lorenzo, Francisco Barba, Shahin Roohinejad, Anet Režek Jambrak, Daniel Granato, Domenico Montesano, and Danijela Bursać Kovačević. "Novel Food Processing and Extraction Technologies of High-Added Value Compounds from Plant Materials." Foods 7, no. 7 (July 5, 2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods7070106.
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Some functional foods contain biologically active compounds (BAC) that can be derived from various biological sources (fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants, wastes, and by-products). Global food markets demand foods from plant materials that are “safe”, “fresh”, “natural”, and with “nutritional value” while processed in sustainable ways. Functional foods commonly incorporate some plant extract(s) rich with BACs produced by conventional extraction. This approach implies negative thermal influences on extraction yield and quality with a large expenditure of organic solvents and energy. On the other hand, sustainable extractions, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), high-pressure assisted extraction (HPAE), high voltage electric discharges assisted extraction (HVED), pulsed electric fields assisted extraction (PEF), supercritical fluids extraction (SFE), and others are aligned with the “green” concepts and able to provide raw materials on industrial scale with optimal expenditure of energy and chemicals. This review provides an overview of relevant innovative food processing and extraction technologies applied to various plant matrices as raw materials for functional foods production.
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Pua, Aileen, Vivien Chia Yen Tang, Rui Min Vivian Goh, Jingcan Sun, Benjamin Lassabliere, and Shao Quan Liu. "Ingredients, Processing, and Fermentation: Addressing the Organoleptic Boundaries of Plant-Based Dairy Analogues." Foods 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11060875.
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Consumer interest and research in plant-based dairy analogues has been growing in recent years because of increasingly negative implications of animal-derived products on human health, animal wellbeing, and the environment. However, plant-based dairy analogues face many challenges in mimicking the organoleptic properties of dairy products due to their undesirable off-flavours and textures. This article thus reviews fermentation as a viable pathway to developing clean-label plant-based dairy analogues with satisfactory consumer acceptability. Discussions on complementary strategies such as raw material selection and extraction technologies are also included. An overview of plant raw materials with the potential to be applied in dairy analogues is first discussed, followed by a review of the processing steps and innovative techniques required to transform these plant raw materials into functional ingredients such as plant-based aqueous extracts or flours for subsequent fermentation. Finally, the various fermentation (bacterial, yeast, and fungal) methodologies applied for the improvement of texture and other sensory qualities of plant-based dairy analogues are covered. Concerted research efforts would be required in the future to tailor and optimise the presented wide diversity of options to produce plant-based fermented dairy analogues that are both delicious and nutritionally adequate.
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Śmiglak-Krajewska, Magdalena. "DETERMINANTS OF THE SELECTION OF RAW MATERIALS USED IN ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTION." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1380.
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The main purpose of this paper was to identify the factors affecting the selection of raw materials used by feed operators in feed production. An attempt was also made to indicate the barriers to increasing the use of native protein plants by feed operators in feed production. Today, many EU countries (including Poland) primarily rely on vegetable protein derived from genetically modified soya bean meal (mainly imported from South America and the U.S.) in addressing their needs for protein raw material used in animal feed. For many years now, Poland has taken steps to increase the production and use of native protein raw material to partially replace soya bean meal imports. The use of mixes of diverse domestic protein sources derived from grain legumes (peas, field beans, lupine) can provide an advantageous alternative to compound feeding stuff based on imported post-extraction soya bean meal. To meet the objective defined above, this paper relied on the results of a 2018 survey conducted with a sample of 29 feed operators located across the country. More than half (55%) of the enterprises surveyed did not use legumes in feed production; the use of legumes was above 10% in only 3% of respondents. When asked about the key factors affecting the selection of raw materials used in production processes, the respondents declared to be interested in buying large batches of homogeneous raw materials that meet specific quality parameters (33% replied “rather yes” and 67% replied “definitely yes”). The protein content of plant seeds used in feed production was identified as another aspect of extreme importance (55% replied “rather yes” and 24% replied “definitely yes”).
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Leiber-Sauheitl, Katharina, Heike Bohne, and Jürgen Böttcher. "First Steps toward a Test Procedure to Identify Peat Substitutes for Growing Media by Means of Chemical, Physical, and Biological Material Characteristics." Horticulturae 7, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070164.
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Due to the major environmental impact of peat-based growing media production and the need of lowering greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors, a wider application of peat substitutes in growing media is requested. All peat substitutes under use have constraints associated with their properties. Therefore, a preliminary test procedure for identifying new raw materials as peat substitutes in growing media was developed and validated. By applying the preliminary test procedure, the potential limitations of cultivation of potential peat substitutes are indicated, and measures for cultivation regulation are recommended. For the development of the new preliminary test procedure, four raw materials were investigated: composted heather, alder, cattail, and reed. The preliminary test procedure comprises several material and technological criteria as well as aspects of plant cultivation, enabling the evaluation of the raw materials and the processed components for growing media. Results derived from the preliminary test procedure were checked and confirmed by experiments with horticultural crops in different sections of commercial horticulture. Within two years, the identification of new peat substitutes was possible by the application of the preliminary test procedure and its test criteria, which provide a structure for the systematic investigation of potential new peat substitutes starting with the raw material.
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Goyal, Shashank, Denise Ott, Jens Liebscher, Dennis Höfling, Ariane Müller, Jens Dautz, Herwig O. Gutzeit, Dirk Schmidt, and Rosmarie Reuss. "Sustainability Analysis of Fish Feed Derived from Aquatic Plant and Insect." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 7371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137371.
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Fish and meat production and processing will grow drastically in the coming decades. In aquacultural systems, insects are gaining interest as feed to provide a sustainable alternative to the fishmeal paradox, whose production leads to high consumption of resources and negative environmental impacts. Within the scope of this study, the production of fish feed from Hermetia illucens larvae and Lemna minor in an inline recirculating aquaponics model for urban sites was developed and optimized, which efficiently combines waste and environmental service concepts in one production system. At the same time, the value chain produces high-quality, market-accessible raw materials for the fish feed industry. All investigations were accompanied by a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to measure and compare ecological effects to finally result in sustainable alternatives. The results achieved in this research show that fish feed based on Hermetia illucens and Lemna minor can have the potential to be ecologically competitive or more sustainable than standard feed. It should be noted that the comparison here represents the results of the project on a pilot scale. Various optimization potentials were shown, which are essential for the large-scale implementation of the breeding of both species as well as their processing up to the fish feed pellets.
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Nechai, A., A. Krvavych, and R. Konechna. "Prospects for the use of plant materials in creating biodegradable eco-friendly packaging." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 915, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/915/1/012003.
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Abstract This article provides information on the expansion of the base of vegetable raw material used in the packaging industry. During literature research the following criteria were considered: biodegradability, cheapness, availability, a sprouting area, an impact of used materials on condition of other industries. Plant-derived polysaccharides are contemplated as a source of biodegradable substances. The main subjects of research are plants with medicinal properties, invasive, technical and agricultural crops. The process for producing polysaccharide-based films was also examined. The possibility of introducing technologies into production was assessed. Conclusions are based on the impact of all stages of the process (collection, recycling, receiving and reusing) on the environment. Cogeneration technologies, pharmaceutical wastes and biotechnological biomass cultivation methods usage are taken into account to obtain efficient production.
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Senchuk, М., and L. Gutko. "Improving the economic efficiency of production biodieselfuel." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(151) (December 16, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-43-50.
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In order to optimize the performance of transportation works for the transportation of raw materials for the production of biodiesel fuel, the article examines the technology when oil from oilseeds is obtained at the processing points where they are grown. The resulting oil is transported to a biodiesel production plant. The methodological bases for calculating the optimum distance from oilseed grain storage sites to a mechanized oil production point are presented. Possible ways of the efficiency improving of production of biofuel at the stage of the planning are presented. Methodical bases of calculation of distance to mechanized points for biofuel production are given. A formula for determining the optimum capacity of an item for the processing of oil seeds and for obtaining raw materials for the production of biofuels has been derived. It is established that optimum transportation distance of rape is 14,4 km, productivity of the rapeseed oil processing plant is 21280 tons/year and for 25% of the oil yield 5320 tons of biofuel raw materials can be obtained, when the total overhead costs are Zv = 360000 UAH / year; specific costs of transportation of raw materials сp = 2,6 UAH/ (тkm); yield of oilseed rape = 1 t / ha (100 t / km2); the density of the placement of fields a = 0.4. The developed method can be used to calculate the location, performance of points for the manufacture of briquettes or pellets. The direction of increasing the efficiency of biodiesel production at plants at the stage of their planning is to determine the optimal annual productivity of the plant, taking into account transport costs for the transportation of raw materials - oil. The optimum distance of transportation of oil and productivity of the plant for biodiesel production is established for the cost of transportation - 2.6 UAH / t • km, overhead costs 13000000 UAH, direct costs for the production of 1 ton of biodiesel fuel - 25000 UAH Therefore, the optimal distance of transportation of oil for the production of biofuels - 101 km, the capacity of the plant - 58923 tons. The dependence of the cost of production of biodiesel fuel on the distance of transportation of oil is calculated: for distance to plant 40 km – the cost of biofuel production – 25596 UAH/t, for 60 km – 25496 UAH /t, for 80 km – 25462 UAH /t, for 100 km – 25459 UAH /t, for 120 km – 25471 UAH /t, for 140 km – 25493 UAH /t. The proposed method provides an opportunity to determine the optimum productivity of the plant for the processing of organic raw materials into biofuels, taking into account the distance of its transportation at the design stage. Key words: biodiesel, economic efficiency, production optimization, direct costs, overhead costs.
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Andrade, F. R. D., M. Pecchio, J. M. C. Santos, and Y. Kihara. "Portland clinker production with carbonatite waste and tire-derived fuel: crystallochemistry of minor and trace elements." Cerâmica 60, no. 356 (December 2014): 552–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132014000400014.
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This paper presents results on the composition of Portland clinkers produced with non-conventional raw-materials and fuels, focusing on the distribution of selected trace elements. Clinkers produced with three different fuel compositions were sampled in an industrial plant, where all other parameters were kept unchanged. The fuels have chemical fingerprints, which are sulfur for petroleum coke and zinc for TDF (tire-derived fuel). Presence of carbonatite in the raw materials is indicated by high amounts of strontium and phosphorous. Electron microprobe data was used to determine occupation of structural site of both C3S and C2S, and the distribution of trace elements among clinker phases. Phosphorous occurs in similar proportions in C3S and C2S; while considering its modal abundance, C3S is its main reservoir in the clinker. Sulfur is preferentially partitioned toward C2S compared to C3S. Strontium substitutes for Ca2+ mainly in C2S and in non-silicatic phases, compared to C3S.
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Ralla, Theo, Roland Schex, Fabiola Porta, and Christian Schäfer. "From Sugar to Nutritional Products – Product Form Development." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 75, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.766.
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The formulation of active ingredients into emulsion- and suspension-based delivery systems offers a wide range of opportunities to produce stable and highly bioavailable product forms for their later application in human and animal nutrition. Recent trends in product form development have focused on using renewable and naturally-derived raw materials to meet the increasing consumer demand on sustainable value chains and nutritional products with 'clean labelling'. Therefore, we reviewed chemical fundamentals and application examples of plant-derived protective hydrocolloids with highly potent emulsifying capacity, in particular, modified starches, pectin, and lignosulfonates, for the formulation of vitamins, carotenoids, and other active ingredients.
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Zhokhova, E. V., A. V. Rodionov, M. N. Povydysh, M. Yu Goncharov, Ya A. Protasova, and G. P. Yakovlev. "Current State and Prospects of DNA Barcoding and DNA Fingerprinting in the Analysis of the Quality of Plant Raw Materials and Plant-Derived Drugs." Biology Bulletin Reviews 9, no. 4 (July 2019): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079086419040030.
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Coelho, Angélica G., Webysten R. P. dos Santos, Andressa A. dos Santos, Maisa G. da Silva, Francisco V. Macedo Cunha, Anderson N. Mendes, and Daniel D. R. Arcanjo. "Plant-Derived Butters as Lipid Nanocarriers: A Systematic and Prospective Review." Recent Patents on Nanotechnology 14, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210514666200522213144.
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Background: Pharmaceutical nanotechnology represents an efficient alternative for the delivery of pharmacologically active plant-derived compounds, considering their protective capacity, oral bioavailability and drug vectorization capacity. In this context, butters obtained from plant seeds have emerged as promising products for the development of pharmacologically active nanostructures. They possess a complex lipid composition, allowing the formation of different emulsion systems with solid cores, since this mixture of different triglycerides is solid at room temperature and body temperature. Therefore, the systematic mapping around the technological development of nanostructures produced from plant-derived butters is potentially valuable for researchers interested in novel alternative formulations for pharmacological therapy, with potential industrial, economic, health and societal impacts. Methods: Systematic review was carried out by the search of scientific papers and patents deposited in official databases concerning the development of nanostructured pharmaceutical products using plantderived butters as starting material. The publications obtained were subjected to sorting and analysis by applying the following inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: The Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) was the type of nanostructure produced in all the analyzed scientific papers, due to the physicochemical characteristics of the lipid constituents of plantderived butters. In this sense, 54% of the articles have reported the use of Cocoa Butter for the production of nanostructures; 28% for Shea Butter; 6% for Cupuacu Butter, 6% for Murumuru Butter and 6% for Bacuri Butter. Discussion: In the technological prospection, only two patents exhibited SLN as an invention based on cocoa butter and on shea butter, respectively. The production methods employed have included: phase inversion temperature, microemulsion, hot high pressure homogenization, high shear homogenization and ultrasonication. Conclusion: In light of this prospective review, the encouragement of novel studies in lipids-based nanotechnology is evident, considering the small number of findings so far, in order to stimulate new research involving plant-derived butters from easily cultivated fruits in tropical regions, then stimulating the pharmaceutical development of new therapeutic alternatives using biocompatible and sustainable raw materials.
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Кurdyukov, Evgeny E., Elena F. Semenova, Aleksandr V. Mitishev, Yаkov P. Moiseev, and Anna V. Kuznetsova. "Comparative analysis of the total quantity of flavonoids in domestic and imported raw material of stevia." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 20, no. 5-6 (July 15, 2020): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2020.20.3.164-169.
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Relevance. Standardization of plant raw material derived from stevia is a topical issue, since this plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) contains sweet diterpene glycosides and is used as a natural sugar substitute. In addition, stevia contains flavonoids which are biologically active compounds that exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and capillary-strengthening properties. Currently, spectrophotometric methods are used to identify and quantify flavonoids in medicinal plants. They are fast, convenient and do not require sophisticated equipment.
The aim of our paper is comparative phytochemical study of the content of the total flavonoids in stevia raw material of different origin.
Materials and methods. The study material was dried stevia leaves (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), grown in the Penza Region, the Republic of Crimea, the Krasnodar territory, and raw materials imported from Paraguay and India. The content of the total flavonoids was estimated by differential spectrophotometry calculated with reference to cynaroside.
Results. The study of the quantity of flavonoids in the raw material of stevia of different origin was carried out. In the presence of aluminum chloride stevia flavonoids form a complex compound at the absorption maximum of 408 2 nm. The content of flavonoids in different species of stevia are found to range from 1.13% to 1.74%.
Conclusion. The obtained results allow to recommend stevia leaves as a source of flavonoids along with other available medicinal plants. It is advisable to classify the complex of flavonoids as the second group of biologically active compounds of stevia leaves.
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Dori, D., H. W. B. Ouedraogo, P. D. Houngue, F. A. Gbaguidi, B. Evrard, J. Quetin-Leclercq, and R. Semdé. "Study of Manufacturing Conditions of Medicines Derived from Traditional Pharmacopoeia in Benin and Burkina Faso." Phytothérapie 19, no. 5-6 (October 2021): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2021-0295.
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Introduction: Traditional medicine has become an important component in the care system of African populations. Many products derived from it are increasingly used in the therapeutic arsenal. This work is an inventory of the production of these drugs in two countries of West Africa, Burkina Faso and Benin. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study that listed the drug manufacturing units producing medicines derived from the traditional pharmacopoeia (MDTP) identified by the health ministries in the two countries was carried out. Results: Thirty-three production facilities, including 10 in Burkina Faso and 23 in Benin, were surveyed. Seven units surveyed in Burkina Faso and 16 in Benin were illegally installed. Only 16 of the 33 units obtain their raw materials from botanical gardens. The rest obtain theirs through picking which is not favorable to the perpetuation of the plant resource. In addition, among the 1041 MDTPs manufactured by the units surveyed, only 1.44% are registered. Finally, shortcomings in applying good practices for harvesting raw materials and manufacturing finished products were noticed. Conclusion: Management and capacity building efforts of MDTPs production facilities by political authorities are still needed to optimize the contribution of traditional medicine to the health care of African populations.
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Šumigin, Dmitri, Elvira Tarasova, Andres Krumme, and Anti Viikna. "Influence of Сellulose Stearate (CS) Content on Thermal and Rheological Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/CS Composites." Key Engineering Materials 559 (June 2013): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.559.99.
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Recently, a deliberate interest to look for composites that are eco-friendly and biodegradable appears. Therefore materials based on raw materials derived from natural resources of plant are being studied. One of the most promising bio-based polymers that have attracted the interest of many researchers is poly(lactic acid), which is made from plants and is readily biodegradable. Cellulose is one of the strongest and stiffest fibres available and it has a high potential to act as reinforcing agent in biopolymers. In our work we esterified cellulose using stearoyl chloride in ionic liquid and studied the effect of cellulose stearate addition to matrix polymers on thermal and rheological properties.
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Milena-Pérez, A., B. R. Martínez-Martínez, E. Álvarez, V. M. Expósito-Suárez, F. Piñero-García, and M. A. Ferro-García. "NATURAL RADIUM ISOTOPES PRESENT IN SOME COSMETIC PRODUCTS: DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION AND DOSE ESTIMATION." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 187, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz133.
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ABSTRACT Since the early days, clays, plant extracts and raw materials have been used for therapeutic and beauty purposes. Nowadays, this use is widely spread, as a huge amount of companies have developed new cosmetics based on natural sources. This may lead to an accumulation of radionuclides that can be hazardous for people. Especially dangerous are radium isotopes (226,228Ra), which can be part of the raw materials that cosmetics are made from. In this paper, the concentration of radium isotopes of 18 natural cosmetics was determined. Concentrations resulted in the range 7.9 ± 5.0–37.6 ± 12.5 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra; and 2.5 ± 1.7–35.4 ± 2.6 Bq kg−1 for 228Ra. The effective dose in the skin has been estimated, obtaining a mean value of 13.1 ± 4.9 μSv y−1. This value is far from the reference level of 50 mSv y−1 for the public members. Therefore, no radiological risk derived from the use of these samples, has been found.
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Stone, David A., Atanu Biswas, Zengshe Liu, Veera Boddu, and H. N. Cheng. "Synthesis and Characterization of an Iron-Containing Fatty Acid-Based Ionomer." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (April 4, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3024784.
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One of the desirable research goals today is to convert agro-based raw materials into low-cost functional polymers. Among the readily available natural raw materials are the fatty acids that can be obtained from the hydrolysis of plant oils or from the paper industry as byproducts. In this work, a novel iron-containing ionomer has been prepared through the reaction of fatty acids with steel dust or iron powder in the presence of carbon dioxide and water. Characterization has been achieved via 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and size exclusion chromatography. The product has been shown to have an ionomeric structure, consisting of oligomers of fatty acid carboxylates (derived from Diels-Alder reaction) coupled with iron(II) and iron(III) ions (from the oxidation of iron). Because the fatty acid oligomers have low molecular weights, the ionomer easily dissolves in a solvent and can be made into different physical forms, such as liquid, solid, film, or foam.
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Benlamoudi, Ali, Aeslina Abdul Kadir, and Mohamed Khodja. "Incorporation of Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (AFR) to Produce a Sustainable Cement." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.30 (November 30, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22079.
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Throughout the last two decades, tremendous researches have been carried out to investigate the possibility to reduce the cement plants’ costs in terms of raw materials and fuel consumption. Different types of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) have been used and proved their efficiencies such as sewage sludge, used tires, crushed aggregates, refuse derived fuel (RDF), red mud, ash and others. Generally, it has been deduced that the possibility to incorporate AFR to produce an acceptable quality of cement is related mainly to its calorific value and its chemical composition. As results, it was reported that incorporation of AFR has reached up to 100% for raw materials substitution and more than 30% for fossil fuel replacement. Nevertheless, the AFR may contain toxic components such as volatile content and heavy metals that need careful attention in its decisive use since it may pose serious problems to the environment and the living things. More parameters may affect the cement production cost including the moisture content of AFR, the burning temperature, the residential time, the accessibility to the AFR, the easy handling and others. The high moisture content of the AFR may increase the total cost of cement production because of the need of a high thermal energy to dry it prior to be incorporated into cement plant. Same thing goes with temperature needed by the AFR to be burned within the kiln. This overview summarizes the studies throughout the last two decades related to cement manufacturing by using AFR based on the main parameters studied by the researchers, the main advantages and the main disadvantages.
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Tetrisyanda, R., A. Wiguno, and G. Wibawa. "Techno-economic analysis study of coal gasification plant into various strategic chemicals." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 882, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012080.
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Abstract The abundant amount of coal reserves in Indonesia has a great potential to be used as a source of raw materials and energy for industry. However, the use of coal in meeting domestic needs is not optimally utilized, as indicated by the high number of raw coal exports abroad. In addition, the low quality of coal is also one of the reasons for its low utilization. The processing of coal into synthetic gas (syngas) opens the way downstream of coal-derived chemical products, namely dimethyl ether (DME), methanol, ammonia and synthetic natural gas (SNG). The integration of various chemical products is expected to maximize the potential of Indonesian coal. The plant capacity was 11540 tpd (tons per day) low-rank wet coal producing DME 2000 tpd, methanol 2500 tpd, ammonia 600 tpd and SNG 25 MMSCFD (million standard cubic feet per day). These chemical production technologies have been proven and are commercially available. Based on the results of the process and economic simulations, it is found that the establishment of a coal gasification plant into various integrated chemicals is feasible to be established with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 12.46% and a payback period of 6 years and 5 months.
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Tourtelot, Julia, Ann Bourgès, and Emmanuel Keita. "Influence of Biopolymers on the Mechanical Behavior of Earth-Based Building Materials." Recent Progress in Materials 03, no. 03 (March 9, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2103031.
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Currently, the largest among the earth excavation sites in Europe are located in the Paris region. The soils excavated from these sites are often considered waste and are not valorized. With an increasing focus on sustainable development, the demand for low-carbon building materials is rising. Although construction using raw earth is a vernacular technique, the diversity in the behavior of the raw earth building materials warrants better control of their mechanical properties. The construction techniques differ depending on the location of the site, the composition of the earth, and the stabilizers used. Plant-based fibers and compounds extracted from plants are commonly used for reinforcing raw earth. Since such byproduct solutions have been developed worldwide, they differ significantly, and it becomes difficult to set a benchmark. The majority of the reported studies have directly used organic waste, rendering it difficult to characterize the material and extend the obtained results to other contexts. In order to reduce these variabilities, it becomes important to study the reinforcement of earth-based building materials with biopolymers that constitute the active molecules of the bio-based solutions. In the present study, different biopolymers derived from various vernacular techniques were utilized to increase the compressive strength of the construction soil collected from the Paris region. It was revealed that cellulose fibers and wheat starch increased the compressive strength of the earth from 3.5 MPa to 5.5 MPa and 4.5 MPa, respectively. In addition, the interactions of these biopolymers with clay were analyzed. The biopolymers identified as suitable for use in construction materials in the present study are widely available as wastes from paper, agricultural, or agro-food industries. These identified biopolymers would contribute to the development and standardization of construction using earth-based building materials.
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Jiang, Yingfang, Yanxia Liu, Yagang Zhang, Yidan Chen, and Xingjie Zan. "Micro-Structure Determines the Intrinsic Property Difference of Bio-Based Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon—A Case Study." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091765.
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Biomass-derived porous carbon materials have drawn considerable attention due to their natural abundance and low cost. In this work, nitrogen-doped porous carbons with high nitrogen content and large surface areas were designed and prepared from cottonseed hull and cattail. The two plant-based biomass compositions are similar, but the structures are very different, generating distinctly different property and performance of the prepared carbon materials. NRPC-112 has good electrochemical properties, while CN800 has good adsorption properties. By comparing the microstructure differences between the two starting materials, it was found that the structure of the raw materials would significantly affect the properties and performance of the materials. The work provided an important theoretical basis and reference for the selection of bio-resources for preparing carbon material. It is also important for choosing the appropriate synthesis method, process optimization, and application scenarios.
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Mani, Annapoorni, Shahriman Abu Bakar, Pranesh Krishnan, and Sazali Yaacob. "Markov Decision Process approach in the estimation of raw material quality in incoming inspection process." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2107, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2107/1/012025.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The incoming inspection process in any manufacturing plant aims to control quality, reduce manufacturing costs, eliminate scrap, and process failure downtime due to defective raw materials. Prediction of the raw material acceptance rate can regulate the raw material supplier selection and improve the manufacturing process by filtering out non-conformities. This paper presents a raw material acceptance prediction model (RMAP) developed based on the Markov analysis. RFID tags are used to track the parts throughout the process. A secondary dataset can be derived from the raw RFID data. In this study, a dataset is simulated to reflect a typical incoming inspection process consisting of six substations (Packaging Inspection, Visual Inspection, Gauge Inspection, Rework1, and Rework2) are considered. The accepted parts are forwarded to the Pack and Store station and stored in the warehouse. The non-conforming parts are returned to the supplier. The proposed RMAP model estimates the probability of the raw material being accepted or rejected at each inspection station. The proposed model is evaluated using three test cases: case A (lower conformities), case B (higher conformities) and case C (equal chances of being accepted and rejected). Based on the outcome of the limiting matrix for the three test cases, the results are discussed. The steady-state matrix forecasts the probability of the raw material in a random state. This prediction and forecasting ability of the proposed model enables the industries to save time and cost.
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Korte, Imke, Judith Kreyenschmidt, Joana Wensing, Stefanie Bröring, Jan Niklas Frase, Ralf Pude, Christopher Konow, et al. "Can Sustainable Packaging Help to Reduce Food Waste? A Status Quo Focusing Plant-Derived Polymers and Additives." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 5307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115307.
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The promotion of sustainable packaging is part of the European Green Deal and plays a key role in the EU’s social and political strategy. One option is the use of renewable resources and biomass waste as raw materials for polymer production. Lignocellulose biomass from annual and perennial industrial crops and agricultural residues are a major source of polysaccharides, proteins, and lignin and can also be used to obtain plant-based extracts and essential oils. Therefore, these biomasses are considered as potential substitute for fossil-based resources. Here, the status quo of bio-based polymers is discussed and evaluated in terms of properties related to packaging applications such as gas and water vapor permeability as well as mechanical properties. So far, their practical use is still restricted due to lower performance in fundamental packaging functions that directly influence food quality and safety, the length of shelf life, and thus the amount of food waste. Besides bio-based polymers, this review focuses on plant extracts as active packaging agents. Incorporating extracts of herbs, flowers, trees, and their fruits is inevitable to achieve desired material properties that are capable to prolong the food shelf life. Finally, the adoption potential of packaging based on polymers from renewable resources is discussed from a bioeconomy perspective.
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Bertola, Marta, Andrea Ferrarini, and Giovanna Visioli. "Improvement of Soil Microbial Diversity through Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Its Evaluation by -Omics Approaches: A Perspective for the Environment, Food Quality and Human Safety." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071400.
Full textAbstract:
Soil is one of the key elements for supporting life on Earth. It delivers multiple ecosystem services, which are provided by soil processes and functions performed by soil biodiversity. In particular, soil microbiome is one of the fundamental components in the sustainment of plant biomass production and plant health. Both targeted and untargeted management of soil microbial communities appear to be promising in the sustainable improvement of food crop yield, its nutritional quality and safety. –Omics approaches, which allow the assessment of microbial phylogenetic diversity and functional information, have increasingly been used in recent years to study changes in soil microbial diversity caused by agronomic practices and environmental factors. The application of these high-throughput technologies to the study of soil microbial diversity, plant health and the quality of derived raw materials will help strengthen the link between soil well-being, food quality, food safety and human health.
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Godlewska, Katarzyna, Anita Biesiada, Izabela Michalak, and Paweł Pacyga. "The Effect of Plant-Derived Biostimulants on White Head Cabbage Seedlings Grown under Controlled Conditions." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 5317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195317.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using natural raw materials that have not been used for the production of biostimulants of plant growth. These products can effectively contribute to overcome the challenge posed by the increasing demand for food. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) was chosen to prepare innovative biostimulants. The expected outcome of this research was to generate products that show beneficial effects on white head cabbage growth, development, and nutritional quality. The results proved that higher plants (mugwort, calendula, purple coneflower, chamomile, basil, giant goldenrod, comfrey, dandelion, and valerian) can be successfully used for the production of biostimulants. For example, products based on common dandelion showed the highest biostimulating activity. In a group treated with 2.5% flower extract, cabbage shoots were 37% longer, whereas in a group treated with 0.5% leaves extract, roots were longer by 76% as compared with a control group treated with water. Biostimulants based on common mugwort (at a dose of 0.5%) and common dandelion (root) (at a dose of 1.0%) increased the mass of cabbage shoots and roots by 106% and 246%, respectively. The majority of biostimulants increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) and decreased the content of polyphenols. Botanical extracts also showed varied impact on the antioxidant activity of cabbage. Taking into account the benefits for a wide scope of applications, it is expected that the utilization of these types of products should increase in the future. These products can play a key role in sustainable agriculture.
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Av, Strelyaeva, Lezhava Di, Luferov An, Bobkova Nv, Kartashova Nv, and Kuznetsov Rm. "STUDY OF OUTWARD SIGNS, MICROSCOPY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WALNUT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v12i1.28197.
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Objective: Walnut is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. We believe that the study of the medicinal plant material of walnut-fruit in the stage of milky-wax maturity and walnut bark is relevant. We described outward signs and microscopy, the diagnostic features of both whole and grinded raw materials, powder bark of walnut and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity.Methods: Alcohol extraction which was derived from walnut bark is a transparent liquid of brown color and alcohol extraction which was derived walnut fruits in the stage of milky-waxy maturity is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant smell. We performed thin-layer chromatography for the walnut cortex and identified gallic acid.Results: A method of chromatography-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from walnut fruit in the stage of milky-waxy maturity allowed to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. We identified sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds of coumarins and organic acids. In alcohol extraction from the walnut bark we identified marker substances.
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Av, Strelyaeva, Lezhava Di, Luferov An, Bobkova Nv, Kartashova Nv, and Kuznetsov Rm. "STUDY OF OUTWARD SIGNS, MICROSCOPY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WALNUT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.28197.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Walnut is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. We believe that the study of the medicinal plant material of walnut-fruit in the stage of milky-wax maturity and walnut bark is relevant. We described outward signs and microscopy, the diagnostic features of both whole and grinded raw materials, powder bark of walnut and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity.Methods: Alcohol extraction which was derived from walnut bark is a transparent liquid of brown color and alcohol extraction which was derived walnut fruits in the stage of milky-waxy maturity is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant smell. We performed thin-layer chromatography for the walnut cortex and identified gallic acid.Results: A method of chromatography-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from walnut fruit in the stage of milky-waxy maturity allowed to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. We identified sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds of coumarins and organic acids. In alcohol extraction from the walnut bark we identified marker substances.
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Abdrakhimov, V. Z., and E. S. Abdrakhimova. "Nanotehnologija the use of Aluminium-containing Raw Materials in the Petrochemical Industry to Produce High -performance Brick." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2020-2-55-66.
Full textAbstract:
The reduction in the reserves of traditional natural raw materials makes us look for new ways to replace it with different types of waste. At the same time, the costs of exploration, construction and operation of quarries are excluded, and significant land plots are exempt from the impact of negative anthropogenic factors. The experience of advanced foreign countries has shown the technical feasibility of this direction and its application as a tool for protecting the natural environment from pollution. On the basis of inter-shale clay and high-alumina nanotehnologija raw materials petrochemical spent catalyst IM-2201 NovoKuibyshev petrochemical plant derived ceramic brick with high physical-mechanical properties without the use of traditional natural materials. Using nanotechnogenic petrochemicals - spent catalyst IM-2201, containing more than 70% A12O3, a ceramic brick was obtained that corresponds to the M200 brand. It is possible to build load-bearing walls of the lower floors of high-rise buildings (15 floors or more) from M200 ceramic bricks. Innovative proposals for the use of industrial waste: interslant clay and spent catalyst in the production of high-strength ceramic earthquake-resistant bricks with high strength and frost resistance have been developed. The absolute advantage of using multi-tonnage waste of the spent IM-2201 catalyst and inter-shale clay for the waste of oil shale is the unloading of the environmental situation.
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Mikhailova, I. V., N. B. Perunova, E. V. Ivanova, I. N. Chaynikova, Yu V. Filippova, and N. A. Kuzmicheva. "Immunoregulatory effects of flavonoid-containing medicinal herbs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells." Russian Journal of Immunology 23, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-330-ieo.
Full textAbstract:
Plant-derived medicinal products provide a prominent advantage due to their low toxicity to humans and combined effects of biologically active substances, mainly presented by polysaccharides, flavonoids and terpenoids. One of the mechanisms undedrlying effects from medicinal plants on the immunoregulationrelated events is mediated via controlled production of certain cytokines. Here we examined immunoregulatory activity of water extracts derived from medicinal plant raw materials (LRS) containing polyphenolic compounds – flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, called P-vitamins). The aim of the study was to assess profile and level of cytokines secreted by human peripheral blood mononuclear cedlls exposured to flavonoid-containing LRS water extracts. LRS (1:10) water extracts of the following species were used: black currant leaves (Ribes nigrum L.), field horsetail grass (Equisetum arvense L.), common yarrow grass (Achillea millefolium L.), licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), sand immortelle flowers (Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench), wild strawberry leaves (Fragaria vesca L.), fruit common bird cherry (Padus avium Mill.), tansy flowers (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and oat grass (Avena sativa L.) (all purchased at the pharmacy). Production of pro – (TNFα, IL-8, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines was measured by using ELISA kits (“Cytokine”, Russia) in mononuclear cell culture supernatant treated with / without LRS (experiment and control group, respectively). Amount of flavonoids contained in flowers and leaves was quantified aftedr complexation reaction with aluminum chloride on UV-3600 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan). It was found that LRS water extracts predominantly inhibited production both of pro- (TNFα, IL-8, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines so that magnitude of such suppressive effect ranged from 51.5±3.4 to 99.5±4.1% compared to untreated control samples (p 0.05). Total flavonoid level in the LRS samples diirectly correlated with intensity of related immunoregulatory activity on cytokine secretion particularly TNFα (r = 0.65), IL-8 (r = 0.4), IL-1β (r = 0.48) and IL-10 (r = 0.68). The data of our study allow to conclude that extracts from the examined medicinal plant raw materials can be considered as promising components while developing new drugs with exhibiting immunoregulatory and antiflogogenic effects.
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Saqqar, Muwaffaq M., and M. B. Pescod. "Modelling sludge accumulation in anaerobic wastewater stabilization ponds." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (June 1, 1995): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0486.
Full textAbstract:
Sludge accumulation in the first anaerobic pond at the Alsamra Wastewater Treatment Plant in Jordan has been monitored over a period of years. Homogeneous distribution of sludge over the pond bottom has not been achieved. The maximum amount of sludge has not accumulated near the inlet. This is due to scouring of the settled materials near the pond inlet and outlet by the high jet velocity of the incoming flow. A model has been developed to describe the volume of sludge accumulated (VAS) in the primary anaerobic pond. The model has been derived on the basis of the non-biodegradable materials in the settled sludge. VAS has been described in terms of the mass rates (F) of suspended solids and total BOD5 in the raw wastewater and an accumulated sludge coefficient (KAS).
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Tarasov, V. Y., and S. S. Korobko. "Using secondary resources of sunflower seed processing to create new natural origin surfactants." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-2-108-115.
Full textAbstract:
Today great attention is paid to development of advanced technologies for production of ecologically safe, nonpolluting and biodegradable products, including without limitation cosmetic-hygiene detergents and household products. One of the main ingredients in formulation of such products is surfactants. For the purpose of widening of the assortment of such products it is essential to create new types of biodegradable surfactants derived from renewable, as a rule, plant raw materials. The object of this paper is development of technology for production of non-ionic surfactant, alkyl polyglycoside (APG), with improved characteristics on the basis of the alternative plant raw material, sunflower husks, being the waste by-product of sunflower processing, which is the most commonly available raw material in our country. The output of sunflower processing aiming at sunflower oil production is growing year by year and takes the leading place in the oil-and-fat industry, therefore processing of the waste product in the form of husks is of particular interest now. In the course of work the existing technologies of APG production were studied and their shortcomings were identified. According to such technologies alkyl polyglycoside is produced by combining glucose or aqueous syrupy solution of glucose with C10- C16 alcohol. As the sources of starch, from which glucose is produced further, there are used rice, corn, potatoes or wheat. Such products represent no wastes and have rather high production cost. Fatty alcohols are produced from imported palm or coconut oil. The new technology suggested by us is based on usage of the available and cheap raw materials. Glucose syrup is made with the help of the method of hydrolysis of sunflower husks cellulose, and fatty acids are derived from the sunflower processing cycle at the stage of alkali refining of sunflower oil, comprising C16-C18 atoms. Analysis of organoleptic, physical-and-chemical characteristics and evaluation of consumer properties of the resulting alkyl polyglycoside were performed. It was established that according to the suggested method it is possible to produce a non-ionic surfactant with improved detergent (CCM) and foaming power (foam height, foam stability), and also having soft dermatological action. The alkyl polyglycoside, created and produced with the help of our technology, can be used as an alternate substitute of expensive foreign non-ionic surfactants, can be helpful for extension of the assortment of biodegradable foam detergents, nonpolluting and safe for the environment.
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Ergün, Sedef, Sibel Uludağ-Demirer, and Suat Kasap. "A Study on Green Manufacturing in a Car Battery Manufacturing Plant." International Journal of Applied Logistics 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijal.2013100103.
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This study presents an environmental manufacturing system analysis for companies looking for the benefits of environmental management in achieving high productivity levels. When the relationship between environmental costs and manufacturing decisions is examined, it can be seen that the productivity of the company can be increased by adopting a methodology of an environmentally integrated manufacturing system analysis. This study presents such a methodology and the roadmap for generating environmentally friendly and economically favorable alternative waste management solutions is elaborated. The methodology combines data collection, operational analysis of the manufacturing processes, identification of wastes, and evaluation of waste reduction alternatives. The presented methodology is examined in a car battery manufacturing plant, which generates hazardous wastes composed of lead. It is aimed to decrease the wastes derived from the production so that the efficiency in raw materials usage is increased and the need for recycling the hazardous wastes is decreased.
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Dyer, John M., and Robert T. Mullen. "Development and potential of genetically engineered oilseeds." Seed Science Research 15, no. 4 (December 2005): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2005216.
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Oilseed crops are major sources of oils for human nutrition, and an increasing proportion is also being utilized for industrial purposes. Recent advances in our understanding of the basic biochemistry of seed oil biosynthesis, coupled with identification of genes for oilseed modification, have set the stage for the genetic engineering of oilseed crops that produce ‘designer’ plant seed oils tailored for specific applications. In this review we provide an overview of seed oil biosynthesis and highlight the enzymatic steps that have already been targeted for genetic manipulation, with the end goal of producing seed oils containing desired amounts of fatty acid components. Furthermore, we describe the identification of genes from various wild plant species that are capable of producing structurally diverse fatty acids, and how these advances open the door to the production of entirely novel oils in conventional oilseed crops. Transgenic oilseeds producing high amounts of these novel fatty acids represent renewable sources of raw materials that may compete with, and eventually replace, some petrochemicals that are derived from non-renewable crude oil.
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Valdés, Arantzazu, and María Carmen Garrigós. "Carbohydrate-Based Advanced Biomaterials for Food Sustainability: A Review." Materials Science Forum 842 (February 2016): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.842.182.
Full textAbstract:
The quality and safety of processed food strongly depend on their packaging and the protection that it provides. The increasing accumulation of synthetic non-biodegradable plastics in the environment represents a threat to the natural habitats. This has lead companies and researchers to explore different ways to develop bio-based polymers made from a variety of agricultural commodities and/or food waste products. Recently, plant-based polysaccharides such as hemicelluloses and celluloses have attracted attention as replacements for petroleum-based materials. In this context, the cell wall composition determines the quality of most plant-based products used in modern human societies. Nutritional and processing properties of plant-based foods are heavily influenced by wall properties. Fibres for textiles, paper manufacture, timber products and now, for fuel and bio-composites manufacture, are largely composed of, or derived from, walls. As the largest source of renewable carbon, plant cell walls have a critical future role in providing transport fuels, food security, functional foods to improve human health, and as raw materials for industrial processes. The use of cellulose materials as polysaccharides source offers the possibility of obtaining new advanced biomaterials for fresh or processed foods sustainability. In this review, the cell wall metabolism, extraction and hydrolyzation of polysaccharides in different microorganisms and plants, and their application for the development of new carbohydrate-based advanced biomaterials that can be applied for the food industry are reported.
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Nadeeshani Dilhara Gamage, Dehel Gamage, Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Dharmadasa, Don Chandana Abeysinghe, Rathnayaka Gamlathge Saman Wijesekara, Gamika A. Prathapasinghe, and Takao Someya. "Global Perspective of Plant-Based Cosmetic Industry and Possible Contribution of Sri Lanka to the Development of Herbal Cosmetics." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (March 4, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9940548.
Full textAbstract:
The global consumption of plant-based cosmetics has shown spectacular growth in recent years because of rising consumer awareness regarding the long-term health benefits of natural ingredients. As the global demand for herbal cosmetics increases, there are ample opportunities for Sri Lanka as a tropical Asian country to expand its productions and global exports along with its unique biodiversity and inherited traditional knowledge. Therefore, the present review attempts to give an overview of the widely used medicinal plants in the global herbal cosmetic industry and strengths, challenges, and possible solutions for the development of the herbal cosmetic industry of Sri Lanka. Information was collected using electronic search (using Pub Med, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, TEEAL, and Scopus) for articles published in peer-reviewed journals, industrial reports, market surveys, and library search for local books on ethnobotany. Important plant-derived ingredients used in the global herbal cosmetic industry are essential oils, colorants, oils, fats, and waxes. The traditional usage of 108 medicinal plant species (belonging to 58 families) in cosmetic treatments was identified from the local books of Sri Lanka. Of these, 49 plant species were reported as new ingredients for the herbal cosmetic industry. However, the lack of ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological surveys to identify the cosmetic potential plants, insufficient or absence of continuous supply of raw materials for production in line with the existing demand, the lack of quality control of raw materials and finished cosmetic products, improper systematic cultivation systems for medicinal plants, poor postharvest practices, and the lack of innovations are major challenges encountered in Sri Lanka for the development of the herbal cosmetic industry. In conclusion, addressing these vital knowledge gaps is a timely requirement of the country for the sustainable development of the herbal cosmetic industry in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, assembling of the multidisciplinary cooperation of botanists, chemists, toxicologists, researchers, and biologists is crucial to analyze the interesting functional properties, efficacy, and effectiveness of documented medicinal plants with cosmetic potential.
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D’Addabbo, Laquale, Perniola, and Candido. "Biostimulants for Plant Growth Promotion and Sustainable Management of Phytoparasitic Nematodes in Vegetable Crops." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100616.
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The parasitism of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., can cause heavy yield losses to vegetable crops. Plant biostimulants are often reported for a side-suppressive effect on these pests and many commercial products are increasingly included in sustainable nematode control strategies. Source materials of most biostimulants derived from plant or seaweed raw materials were documented for a reliable suppression of root-knot nematode species, whereas the suppressiveness of microbial biostimulants was found largely variable, as related to the crop and to environmental factors. Chitosan-based biostimulants were also stated for a variable phytonematode suppression, though clearly demonstrated only by a few number of studies. In a preliminary experimental case study, four commercial biostimulants based on quillay extract (QE), sesame oil (SO), seaweeds (SE), or neem seed cake (NC) were comparatively investigated for their effects against the root-knot nematode M. incognita on potted tomato. Soil treatments with all the four biostimulants resulted in a significant reduction of nematode eggs and galls on tomato roots, though NC and SO were significantly more suppressive than QE or SE. In addition, almost all biostimulant treatments also resulted in a significant improvement of tomato growth compared to the non-treated control. These preliminary results seem to confirm the literature data and clearly indicate the potential role of biostimulants for a safe nematode management both in organic and integrated crop systems.
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Selezenev, N. G., A. N. Nikolashkin, and S. V. Dobina. "TECHNOLOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE WATER EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES OF LINGONBERRY." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 25, no. 2 (September 25, 2017): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20172296-302.
Full textAbstract:
In urological practice there is a sufficient demand for herbal medicinal preparations, of which the most widely used drugs are derived from arbutin-containing herbs. These medicines have diuretic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.
Currently, in connection with the decrease in number of production departments and pharmacies, water extraction can be made by the consumer at home from powdered medicinal herbs in filter bags and from packaged shredded medicinal plant raw materials in batches according to the instructions on the package.
The object of the study was the aqueous extract obtained from the leaves of lingonberry.
The article presents the study of manufacturing technology of water extracts from lingonberry leaves with the establishment of quality indicators in them. Investigated water extract obtained from raw materials packaged in bundles according to the instructions on the package, filter packages according to the instructions on the packaging of packaged raw materials in batches according to the method of State Pharmacopea XIII. The following were analyzed in the obtained water extracts: description, authenticity, dry residue, pH, content of phenolglucoside - arbutin. The research results were processed statistically.
All of the studied aqueous extracts were transparent dark brown liquid that had a bitter, astringent taste characteristic of leaves of lingonberry. Dry residue in an aqueous extract, depending on the composition and technology was 0,65, 0,8% and of 1,93%. The content of arbutin was 0,43, 0,39 and 0,99%, pH of water extracts made from the crushed leaves of lingonberry, had close values of 5,03, 4,95 and, while in the extracts from powdered of lingonberry leaves in filter bags had pH value of 5,35, which may be attributed to the influence of the material of the filter bag. For the first time technologo-analytical study of the water extracts obtained at different technologies, established indicators of quality.
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Kårlund, Anna, Carlos Gómez-Gallego, Jenni Korhonen, Outi-Maaria Palo-oja, Hani El-Nezami, and Marjukka Kolehmainen. "Harnessing Microbes for Sustainable Development: Food Fermentation as a Tool for Improving the Nutritional Quality of Alternative Protein Sources." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041020.
Full textAbstract:
In order to support the multiple levels of sustainable development, the nutritional quality of plant-based protein sources needs to be improved by food technological means. Microbial fermentation is an ancient food technology, utilizing dynamic populations of microorganisms and possessing a high potential to modify chemical composition and cell structures of plants and thus to remove undesirable compounds and to increase bioavailability of nutrients. In addition, fermentation can be used to improve food safety. In this review, the effects of fermentation on the protein digestibility and micronutrient availability in plant-derived raw materials are surveyed. The main focus is on the most important legume, cereal, and pseudocereal species (Cicer arietinum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vicia faba, Lupinus angustifolius, Pisum sativum, Glycine max; Avena sativa, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum, Sorghum bicolor; and Chenopodium quinoa, respectively) of the agrifood sector. Furthermore, the current knowledge regarding the in vivo health effects of fermented foods is examined, and the critical points of fermentation technology from the health and food safety point of view are discussed.
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Wu, Jia, Hafiz Muhammad Khalid Abbas, Jiale Li, Yuan Yuan, Yunjun Liu, Guoying Wang, and Wubei Dong. "Cell Membrane-Interrupting Antimicrobial Peptides from Isatis indigotica Fortune Isolated by a Bacillus subtilis Expression System." Biomolecules 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10010030.
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The situation of drug resistance has become more complicated due to the scarcity of plant resistance genes, and overcoming this challenge is imperative. Isatis indigotica has been used for the treatment of wounds, viral infections, and inflammation for centuries. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found in all classes of life ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. To identify AMPs, I. indigotica was explored using a novel, sensitive, and high-throughput Bacillus subtilis screening system. We found that IiR515 and IiR915 exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against a variety of bacterial (Xanthomonas oryzae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Clavibacter michiganensis, and C. fangii) and fungal (Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea) pathogens. Scanning electron microscope and cytometric analysis revealed the possible mechanism of these peptides, which was to target and disrupt the bacterial cell membrane. This model was also supported by membrane fluidity and electrical potential analyses. Hemolytic activity assays revealed that these peptides may act as a potential source for clinical medicine development. In conclusion, the plant-derived novel AMPs IiR515 and IiR915 are effective biocontrol agents and can be used as raw materials in the drug discovery field.
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Li, Xiang, Litao Yang, Jianzhong Zhang, Shu Wang, Kailin Shen, Liangwen Pan, and Dabing Zhang. "Simplex and Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Herculex® RW (59122) Maize Based on One Reference Molecule Including Separated Fragments of 5 Integration Site and Endogenous Gene." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 1472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.5.1472.
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Abstract Reference molecules, as positive controls and calibrators, have been recently developed in genetically modified organism analysis as a potential substitute for reference materials derived from plant raw materials. In this study, a novel reference molecule p59122, including the revealed 5 integration sequence of maize Herculex® RW (59122), was constructed that was suitable for simplex and duplex event-specific qualitative and quantitative PCR detections. The LOD values were 10 copies both for simplex and duplex qualitative PCR when p59122 was used as the calibrator. These values were comparable to those of using genomic DNA samples with 0.01 and 0.05, approximately 5 and 25 hyploid genomic DNA copies, respectively. The absolute LOD and LOQ values were confirmed to be as low as 10 and 25 copies of p59122 DNA both in simplex and duplex quantitative systems. Furthermore, ideal quantification data with low bias, SD and RSD values were obtained from the practical samples analyses in simplex and duplex real-time PCR systems using the reference molecule p59122 as a calibrator. All these results suggested that the developed reference molecule p59122 and the qualitative and quantitative PCR detection methods are suitable for identification and quantification of GM maize 59122 and its derived products.
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Ahmad, Mohammad Haniff, Wan Asma Ibrahim, Jahirah Sazali, Izirwan Izhab, and Zulkafli Hassan. "Thermal Process of Castor and Plant Based Oil." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.39711.
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Castor oil is an oil derived from castor seed from a plant Ricinus communis. The versatility of castor oil is highly attributed by 12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (ricinoleic acid) and its functional group. It is an oil that cannot be consumed by a human. However, castor oil actually can be used to produce many valuable products such as chemicals, paint, and cosmetics due to its unique characteristic which contains a high percentage of ricinoleic acid that helps in producing many valuable products. The utilization of vegetable oils is currently in the highlight of the chemical industry, as they are one of the most important renewable resources due to their universal availability, inherent biodegradability, low price, and eco-friendly. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to focus on the thermal cracking of castor oil with Zeolite ZSM-5 as the catalyst generates products consisting alcohol, methyl esters and fatty acids which are valuable raw materials for industries. The background, characteristics, composition, properties and industrial application of castor oil have also been discussed. The important properties and various applications of castor oil which can be obtained from toxic seeds have much greater potential than other available vegetable oils.
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Voci, Silvia, Agnese Gagliardi, Massimo Fresta, and Donato Cosco. "Antitumor Features of Vegetal Protein-Based Nanotherapeutics." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12010065.
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The introduction of nanotechnology into pharmaceutical application revolutionized the administration of antitumor drugs through the modulation of their accumulation in specific organs/body compartments, a decrease in their side-effects and their controlled release from innovative systems. The use of plant-derived proteins as innovative, safe and renewable raw materials to be used for the development of polymeric nanoparticles unlocked a new scenario in the drug delivery field. In particular, the reduced size of the colloidal systems combined with the peculiar properties of non-immunogenic polymers favored the characterization and evaluation of the pharmacological activity of the novel nanoformulations. The aim of this review is to describe the physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles composed of vegetal proteins used to retain and deliver anticancer drugs, together with the most important preparation methods and the pharmacological features of these potential nanomedicines.
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Kidalova, Lucia, Nadežda Števulová, and Anton Geffert. "Study of Cement Composites Properties with Filler Based on Wood Pulp." Advanced Materials Research 897 (February 2014): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.897.165.
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Sustainable building materials are based on the use of renewable materials instead of non-renewable. A large group of renewable raw materials are materials of plant origin containing cellulosic fibres which are used as filler into building material with reinforcement function of composite. This study aimed to establish the mechanical and physical properties of cement composites with organic filler, such as wood pulp. Pulp derived from wood pulping process is very interesting material as reinforcement in cement which contributes to a reduction of pollutants. In this paper, utilization of unbleached and bleached wood pulp in combination with cement matrix with emphasis on the physical and mechanical properties is studied. Varying the producing technology (wood pulp and cement ratio in mixture) it is possible to obtain composites with density from 940 to 1260 kg.m-3 and with compressive strength from 1.02 to 5.44 MPa after 28 days of hardening. The experimental results of mechanical properties indicate that cement composites with using unbleached wood pulp reaches higher values than composites based on bleached wood pulp. The percentage of water uptake increased with increasing the volume ratio of unbleached wood pulp in composite.
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Rahmawati, Sitti, Siti Nuryanti, and KASMIR S. Male. "The Used of Protease from Palado (Agave) Roots, and Palado Leaf in the Making Process of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)." Materials Science Forum 967 (August 2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.967.123.
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Virgin coconut oil (VCO) which is also known as coconut oil or virgin coconut is coconut oil obtained from fresh coconut meat through a process of heating at low temperatures, freeze drying, fermentation, enzymatic, mechanical pressure or centrifugation. VCO has a higher commercial value because it has many benefits and efficacy, which is only used for food and industrial raw materials for the cosmetic treatment of the body (hand body lotion), can also improve your metabolism and can cope with a variety of disease, thus used as ingredients in traditional medicines. One way of making the VCO is quite interesting by the enzymatic method using a protease derived from agave roots, and agave (palado) leaves. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of existing protease enzymes in plant roots palado, and agave leaves (leaf palado) as materials for VCO on enzymatic methods and and the determination of enzyme activity by Murachi method. The results showed that the enzyme that is at the root of the agave plant (palado root), and leaves of the agave plant (palado petals) can be used as an ingredient in the manufacture of VCO with enzymatic methods. VCO yield resulting from the material between palado leaves, and roots of palado, namely 17.5%. acid number of the resulting VCO is 0.56 (using a leaf Palado), who used the palado roots 0.44. The results of enzyme activity test show that protease enzyme contained in palado leaf extract is bromelin enzyme.
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Alekseev, A. L., and T. V. Alekseeva. "INTEGRATED USE OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE PROTEINS IN SAUSAGE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY." Scientific Life 15, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-4-535-543.
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The article presents the research results obtained during the development of the technology for production of combined sausages using a vegetable-derived additive – LUPISAN lupine flour from “OOO Protein PLUS” (St. Petersburg). Under the conditions of a deteriorating environmental situation and the increase in incidence of the population of the Russian Federation, it became necessary to create biologically complete functional food products with additional functions, useful nutritional and physiological characteristics, based on the integrated use of raw materials of animal and vegetable origin. The use of plant materials in the production of meat products allows not only enriching them with functional ingredients and increasing digestibility, but also obtaining products that meet physiological nutritional standards. Having a complex chemical composition, plants have a beneficial therapeutic effect on the human body. Research was carried out at the Department of Food Technology of the Don State Agrarian University, in the testing laboratory of the Shakhty branch of the Rostov “SBBZh” and at the meat processing plant “TaVr-Zimovniki”. Basing on the conducted comprehensive studies, the effectiveness of using vegetable protein supplement based on lupine flour “LUPISAN” in the production technology of semi-smoked sausages is substantiated. It is established that in terms of quality and safety, LUPISAN meets the requirements for additives of plant origin, it is a genetically unmodified, kosher product (has the appropriate certificates). It is dispersible both in oil and in water and can be used as a natural emulsifier without labeling with the index "E". The analysis of the chemical composition and nutritional value of flour from lupine indicates that the flour contains a significant amount of complete protein is 36–40%; in addition, a rather high content of dietary fiber is noted: dietary fiber is 30–35%. It is a strong antioxidant, it does not contain gluten and cholesterol; there are no inhibitors – substances that delay the digestion process and inhibit the absorption of beneficial substances by the body, and there are glycoproteins – substances that can replace insulin. An optimal dose of introducing a protein supplement based on lupine flour into sausage stuffing is proposed, which is 10% by weight of unsalted raw materials, which makes it possible to obtain a finished product with high organoleptic quality indicators and functional properties.
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Dyshluk, Lyubov, Lyubov Dyshluk, Stanislav Sukhikh, Stanislav Sukhikh, Svetlana Ivanova, Svetlana Ivanova, Irina Smirnova, et al. "Prospects for using pine nut products in the dairy industry." Foods and Raw Materials 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2018-2-264-280.
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Abstract: Functional products are currently attracting a lot of research interest. Modern people’s diet does not satisfy their need for nutrients, vitamins and minerals, and functional products can make it more balanced. In particular, our diet is lacking in protein. This paper discusses the prospects for enriching dairy products with plant protein derived from pine nuts and their products. Pine nut paste, fat-free milk, and oil cake are a valuable source of fatty acids, vitamins, and microelements. The protein, lipid, vitamin, and mineral content of these products makes them suitable for combining with milk. Their water-holding and fat-emulsifying capacities allow their use as stabilizers and emulsifiers. Siberian pine nuts grow wild in the Kemerovo Region, which makes their use as a raw material economically feasible. The article introduces a number of functional dairy products enriched with pine nut products, such as cheese, ice cream, and cottage cheese. Further, it describes the production process and the products’ nutritional value. The chemical composition of new types of dairy products shows that using pine nut oil cake, fat-free flour, paste, and oil enriches them with plant proteins, vegetable fats, vitamins as well as macro- and microelements. Replacing dairy raw materials with plants does not reduce the nutritional value of new dairy products. Dairy foods are rich in protein, fat, and minerals. The vitamin content of new dairy products with functional ingredients is similar to that of dairy-based products. Moreover, using functional products (pine nut oil cake, fat-free flour, paste, and oil) enriches new types of dairy products with tocopherols.
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G, Odontuya. "Medicinal plants - Therapeutic effective compounds." Bulletin of Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/bicct.v0i6.1096.
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In plants, substances starting with a simple skeleton to highly complex chemical structures having specific activities are synthesized. Plants are still considered a resource of valuable raw materials for producing different therapeutic and health supporting products, as well as a pool of significant pharmacological active compounds. According to the analysis of the recent PubMed research trends, it was observed that the number of scientific research interest targeting plant-derived natural products had increased. New approaches for discovery of medicinal plants, isolation, identification and characterization of secondary metabolites, and resupply of plant-derived natural products are being developed. Meanwhile, the usage of medicinal plants and plant-derived natural products for any disease conditions is being increased worldwide. There is a limited possibility to isolate therapeutically active compounds from natural-originated plants and resupply them in the market. Therefore, alternative resupply approaches are being developed that they rely on biotechnological products and chemical synthesis. Currently, the research on medicinal plants and plant-derived secondary products is going with success using a broad interdisciplinary approach of chemical and biological sciences involving advanced technologies. Medicinal plants are a source of therapeutically active compounds and new drugs, and other health supporting products.
Эмийн ургамал - Эмчилгээний идэвхт нэгдэл
Хураангуй: Ургамалд хамгийн энгийнээс эхлээд маш нарийн нийлмэл бүтэц байгууламжтай эмчилгээний идэвхт бодис нийлэгжиж байдаг ба ургамал нь эрүүл мэндийн бүтээгдэхүүний үнэт түүхий эд бөгөөд фармакологийн идэвхт нэгдлийн сан болж байна. Сүүлийн үеийн PubMed-д хэвлэгдсэн бүтээлүүдэд дүн шинжилгээ хийхэд ургамлын гаралтай байгалийн нэгдлийг шинжлэх ухааны үндэслэлтэйгээр сонирхон судлах явдал өссөн байна. Эмийн ургамлыг олж илрүүлэх, түүнээс хоѐрдогч метаболитыг ялгах, шинж чанарыг тодорхойлох, таньж илрүүлэх, ханган нийлүүлэх арга зүй, аргачлал боловсронгуй болж, аливаа өвчний эмчилгээнд ургамлыг хэрэглэх хандлага өсөж байна. Эмчилгээний идэвхтэй бодисыг зөвхөн байгалийн ургамлаас ялган зах зээлд ханган нийлүүлэх боломжгүй тул биотехнологийн арга болон химийн нийлэгжүүлэлт гэсэн өөр бусад аргыг хэрэглэж байна. Ийм чиглэлийн судалгааг хими, биологийн шинжлэх ухааны олон салбарын мэдлэг, мэдээллийн уялдаа холбоонд тулгуурлан орчин үеийн ололт, дэвшилтэт технологийг ашиглан хийж байна. Ургамал бол эмчилгээний идэвхт бодис ба шинэ эм, эрүүл мэндийн бүтээгдэхүүний эх сурвалж юм.
Түлхүүр үгс: ургамал, хоёрдогч метаболит, эмчилгээний идэвх, дэвшилтэт технологи