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1
Sharma, Vriti, Aakriti Singh, Diksha Sharma, Aashima Sharma, Sarika Phogat, Navjyoti Chakraborty, Sayan Chatterjee, and Ram Singh Purty. "Stress mitigation strategies of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria mechanisms." Plant Science Today 8, sp1 (February 12, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.1543.
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One of the major challenges that the world is facing currently is the inadequate amount of food production with high nutrient content in accordance with the increase in population size. Moreover, availability of cultivable area with fertile soil is reducing day by day owing to ever increasing population. Further, water scarcity and expensive agricultural equipment have led to the use of agrochemicals and untreated water. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield have resulted in deleterious effects on the environment, health and economy, which can be overcome to a great extent by employing biological fertilizers. There are various microbes that grows in the rhizospheric region of plants known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR act by direct and indirect modes to stimulate plant growth and improve stress reduction in plants. PGPRs are used for potential agriculture practices having a wide range of benefits like increase in nutrients content, healthy growth of crops, production of phytohormones, prevention from heavy metal stress conditions and increase in crop yield. This review reports recent studies in crop improvement strategies using PGPR and describes the mechanisms involved. The potential mechanisms of PGPR and its allies pave the way for sustainable development towards agriculture and commercialization of potential bacteria.
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Liu, Ying, Jie Gao, Zhihui Bai, Shanghua Wu, Xianglong Li, Na Wang, Xiongfeng Du, et al. "Unraveling Mechanisms and Impact of Microbial Recruitment on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) and the Rhizosphere Mediated by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010161.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are noticeably applied to enhance plant nutrient acquisition and improve plant growth and health. However, limited information is available on the compositional dynamics of rhizobacteria communities with PGPR inoculation. In this study, we investigated the effects of three PGPR strains, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the ecophysiological properties of Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), rhizosphere, and bulk soil; moreover, we assessed rhizobacterial community composition using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Inoculation with S. rhizophila, R. sphaeroides, and B. amyloliquefaciens, significantly increased the plant total N (TN) (p < 0.01) content. R. sphaeroides and B. amyloliquefaciens selectively enhanced the growth of Pseudomonadacea and Flavobacteriaceae, whereas S. rhizophila could recruit diazotrophic rhizobacteria, members of Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria, whose abundance was positively correlated with inoculation, and improved the transformation of organic nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen through the promotion of ammonification. Initial colonization by PGPR in the rhizosphere affected the rhizobacterial community composition throughout the plant life cycle. Network analysis indicated that PGPR had species-dependent effects on niche competition in the rhizosphere. These results provide a better understanding of PGPR-plant-rhizobacteria interactions, which is necessary to develop the application of PGPR.
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Glick, Bernard R. "The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-015.
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The ways in which plant growth promoting rhizobacteria facilitate the growth of plants are considered and discussed. Both indirect and direct mechanisms of plant growth promotion are dealt with. The possibility of improving plant growth promoting rhizobacteria by specific genetic manipulation is critically examined.Key words: plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR, bacterial fertilizer, soil bacteria.
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Jeyanthi, V., and S. Kanimozhi. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) - Prospective and Mechanisms: A Review." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 733–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.12.2.34.
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Swarnalakshmi, Karivaradharajan, Vandana Yadav, Deepti Tyagi, Dolly Wattal Dhar, Annapurna Kannepalli, and Shiv Kumar. "Significance of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Grain Legumes: Growth Promotion and Crop Production." Plants 9, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111596.
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Grain legumes are an important component of sustainable agri-food systems. They establish symbiotic association with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, thus reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. Several other free-living microbial communities (PGPR—plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) residing in the soil-root interface are also known to influence biogeochemical cycles and improve legume productivity. The growth and function of these microorganisms are affected by root exudate molecules secreted in the rhizosphere region. PGPRs produce the chemicals which stimulate growth and functions of leguminous crops at different growth stages. They promote plant growth by nitrogen fixation, solubilization as well as mineralization of phosphorus, and production of phytohormone(s). The co-inoculation of PGPRs along with rhizobia has shown to enhance nodulation and symbiotic interaction. The recent molecular tools are helpful to understand and predict the establishment and function of PGPRs and plant response. In this review, we provide an overview of various growth promoting mechanisms of PGPR inoculations in the production of leguminous crops.
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Dhawi, Faten. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Regulated Phyto and Microbial Beneficial Protein Interactions." Open Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0008.
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AbstractPlant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) influence plants’ physiological characteristics, metabolites, pathways and proteins via alteration of corresponding gene expression. In the current study, a total of 42 upregulated uncharacterized sorghum bicolor root proteins influenced by PGPR were subjected to different analyses: phylogenetic tree, protein functional network, sequences similarity network (SSN), Genome Neighborhood Network (GNN) and motif analysis. The screen for homologous bacterial proteins to uncover associated protein families and similar proteins in non-PGPRs was identified. The sorghum roots’ uncharacterized protein sequences analysis indicated the existence of two protein categories, the first being related to phytobeneficial protein family associated with DNA regulation such as Sulfatase, FGGY_C, Phosphodiesterase or stress tolerance such as HSP70. The second is associated with bacterial transcriptional regulators such as FtsZ, MreB_Mbl and DNA-binding transcriptional regulators, as well as the AcrR family, which existed in PGPR and non PGPR. Therefore, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) regulated phytobeneficial traits through reciprocal protein stimulation via microbe plant interactions, both during and post colonization.
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Poonam Pandurang, Kshipra. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) : A Review." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1004.093.
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M, Tariq. "Antagonistic features displayed by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Review." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 1, no. 1 (2017): 038–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001004.
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Noel, T. C., C. Sheng, C. K. Yost, R. P. Pharis, and M. F. Hynes. "Rhizobium leguminosarum as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium: direct growth promotion of canola and lettuce." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-040.
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Early seedling root growth of the nonlegumes canola (Brassica campestris cv. Tobin, Brassica napus cv. Westar) and lettuce (Lactuca saliva cv. Grand Rapids) was significantly promoted by inoculation of seeds with certain strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum, including nitrogen- and nonnitrogen-fixing derivatives under gnotobiotic conditions. The growfh-promotive effect appears to be direct, with possible involvement of the plant growth regulators indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin. Auxotrophic Rhizobium mutants requiring tryptophan or adenosine (precursors for indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin synthesis, respectively) did not promote growth to the extent of the parent strain. The findings of this study demonstrate a new facet of the Rhizobium–plant relationship and that Rhizobium leguminosarum can be considered a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR).Key words: Rhizobium, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR, indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, roots, auxotrophic mutants.
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García de Salamone, Ines E., Russell K. Hynes, and Louise M. Nelson. "Cytokinin production by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and selected mutants." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-029.
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One of the proposed mechanisms by which rhizobacteria enhance plant growth is through the production of plant growth regulators. Five plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains produced the cytokinin dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) in pure culture. Cytokinin production by Pseudomonas fluorescens G2018, a rifampicin-resistant mutant (RIF), and two TnphoA-derived mutants (CNT1, CNT2), with reduced capacity to synthesize cytokinins, was further characterized in pure culture using immunoassay and thin layer chromatography. G2018 produced higher amounts of three cytokinins, isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), trans-zeatin ribose (ZR), and DHZR than the three mutants during stationary phase. IPA was the major metabolite produced, but the proportion of ZR and DHZR accumulated by CNT1 and CNT2 increased with time. No differences were observed between strain G2018 and the mutants in the amounts of indole acetic acid synthesized, nor were gibberellins detected in supernatants of any of the strains. Addition of 105 M adenine increased cytokinin production in 96- and 168-h cultures of strain G2018 by approximately 67%. G2018 and the mutants CNT1 and CNT2 may be useful for determination of the role of cytokinin production in plant growth promotion by PGPR.Key words: cytokinins, plant growth regulation, Pseudomonas fluorescens, rhizobacteria, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).
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Santoyo, Gustavo, Carlos Alberto Urtis-Flores, Pedro Damián Loeza-Lara, Ma del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda, and Bernard R. Glick. "Rhizosphere Colonization Determinants by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)." Biology 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10060475.
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The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the field has been hampered by a number of gaps in the knowledge of the mechanisms that improve plant growth, health, and production. These gaps include (i) the ability of PGPR to colonize the rhizosphere of plants and (ii) the ability of bacterial strains to thrive under different environmental conditions. In this review, different strategies of PGPR to colonize the rhizosphere of host plants are summarized and the advantages of having highly competitive strains are discussed. Some mechanisms exhibited by PGPR to colonize the rhizosphere include recognition of chemical signals and nutrients from root exudates, antioxidant activities, biofilm production, bacterial motility, as well as efficient evasion and suppression of the plant immune system. Moreover, many PGPR contain secretion systems and produce antimicrobial compounds, such as antibiotics, volatile organic compounds, and lytic enzymes that enable them to restrict the growth of potentially phytopathogenic microorganisms. Finally, the ability of PGPR to compete and successfully colonize the rhizosphere should be considered in the development and application of bioinoculants.
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Pal, Amit Kumar, Arpita Chakraborty, and Chandan Sengupta. "Differential effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling under cadmium and lead stress." Plant Science Today 5, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.4.419.
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Rapidly increasing worldwide industrialization has led to many environmental problems by the liberation of pollutants such as heavy metals. Day by day increasing metal contamination in soil and water can be best coped by the interaction of potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for plant growth. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatment on growth of chilli plant subjected to heavy metal stress was evaluated. Growth of chilli plant was examined with inoculation of two isolated PGPR (Lysinibacillus varians and Pseudomonas putida) under cadmium (30 ppm), lead (150 ppm) and the combination of heavy metal (Cd+Pb) stress condition. Among these two bacteria L. varians produced slightly better plant growth enhancement. Different growth parameters of chilli plants were reduced under heavy metal stress. Whereas, Cd and Pb tolerant PGPR inoculation, in root associated soil, enhanced plant growth development under test heavy metal contaminated soil. So, these PGPRs may easily be used as bio-fertilizers which will nullify the adverse effect of heavy metal on plant growth.
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Ariyani, Mei Dwi, Tirta Kumala Dewi, Sri Pujiyanto, and Agung Suprihadi. "Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria dari Perakaran Kelapa Sawit pada Lahan Gambut." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.23.2.159-171.
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Peatlands have characteristics of low pH and lack nutrients. Oil palm is the main plant commodity in peatland management. Oil palm roots have been known to be a nutrition source for the growth of soil microbes, especially bacteria around their roots or PGPR. PGPR are a group of bacteria that play an important role in supporting plant growth and health. The purpose of this research was to obtain PGPR potential from oil palm roots which can be used as candidates for biofertilizer agents. In this study, the isolation and selection of PGPR isolate from oil palm roots on oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan were carried out based on their plant growth-promoting traits, including the activity of producing Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), phosphate solubilizing, N-fixing, K solubilizing, siderophore production, ACC deaminase activity, proteolytic activity, cellulolytic activity, and ligninolytic activity. A total of 17 isolates were selected to be tested for their multiple activities ability. The final results of the PGPR characterization showed that of the seventeen isolates, all isolates had PGPR activity at least three different abilities. From the seventeen isolates, it was found that the SW 5.5 PK 3A isolate had the highest IAA production activity (58,50 ppm), SW 4.10 PK 1A isolate had the highest K solubilizing index (3,16), SW 8.5 PK 1A isolate had both the highest P solubilizing index (3,73) and the highest siderophore zone index (5,20), SW 4.11 PK isolate had the highest proteolytic index (4,80), and SW 4.10 PK 1A.P isolates had the highest cellulolytic index (5,11).
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Khan, Naeem, Shahid Ali, Haleema Tariq, Sadia Latif, Humaira Yasmin, Asif Mehmood, and Muhammad Adnan Shahid. "Water Conservation and Plant Survival Strategies of Rhizobacteria under Drought Stress." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111683.
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Drylands are stressful environment for plants growth and production. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) acts as a rampart against the adverse impacts of drought stress in drylands and enhances plant growth and is helpful in agricultural sustainability. PGPR improves drought tolerance by implicating physio-chemical modifications called rhizobacterial-induced drought endurance and resilience (RIDER). The RIDER response includes; alterations of phytohormonal levels, metabolic adjustments, production of bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS), biofilm formation, and antioxidant resistance, including the accumulation of many suitable organic solutes such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and polyamines. Modulation of moisture status by these PGPRs is one of the primary mechanisms regulating plant growth, but studies on their effect on plant survival are scarce in sandy/desert soil. It was found that inoculated plants showed high tolerance to water-deficient conditions by delaying dehydration and maintaining the plant’s water status at an optimal level. PGPR inoculated plants had a high recovery rate after rewatering interms of similar biomass at flowering compared to non-stressed plants. These rhizobacteria enhance plant tolerance and also elicit induced systemic resistance of plants to water scarcity. PGPR also improves the root growth and root architecture, thereby improving nutrient and water uptake. PGPR promoted accumulation of stress-responsive plant metabolites such as amino acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols. These metabolites play a substantial role in regulating plant growth and development and strengthen the plant’s defensive system against various biotic and abiotic stresses, in particular drought stress.
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Kiprovski, Biljana, Djordje Malencic, Simonida Djuric, Mira Bursac, Jelena Cvejic, and Vladimir Sikora. "Isoflavone content and antioxidant activity of soybean inoculated with plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 11 (2016): 1239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc160422070k.
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Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) elicit activation of phenylpropanoid pathway in plants which leads to phenolics production and enhanced antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this work was to assess the antioxidant activity of soybean plants, Glycine max L., inoculated with PGPR (isolates of Azotobacter chroococcum, Streptomyces sp. and mixture of these) during plant development, as well as yield of inoculated soybean plants. PGPR applied in the experiment stimulated flavonoids and isoflavone synthesis, which enhanced non-enzymatic antioxidant ability of soybean plants. Also, PGPRs stimulated accumulation of daidzein and genistin in soybean seedlings (5-fold and 2-fold compared to control values, respectively). The mixture of PGPRs showed positive impact on antioxidant activity (10-20% higher activity) and yield components of soybean which proposed this inoculum as possibly potent bio-fertilizer in soybean production.
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Sharma, A., D. Shankhdhar, and Shankhdhar SC. "Enhancing grain iron content of rice by the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 2 (January 15, 2013): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/683/2012-pse.
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Rice is inherently low in micronutrients, especially iron, which leads to severe malnutrition problems in rice-consuming populations. Different plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains (PGPRs) (viz. Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Azospirillum lipoferum from a microbial collection and B 15, B 17, B 19, BN 17 and BN 30 isolated from the rhizospheric soils) were applied to field grown rice plants with an aim to increase the iron content of grains. 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that isolates belong to Enterobacteria species. Different parameters related to the increase in iron content of plants show an enhancement upon treatment of rice plants with PGPRs. Treatments with P. putida, B 17 and B 19 almost doubled the grain iron content. Besides this, the translocation efficiency of the iron from roots to shoots to grains was also enhanced upon treatment with PGPRs. It is therefore concluded that application of PGPR strains is an important strategy to combat the problem of iron deficiency in rice and consecutively in human masses.
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Bajracharya, Anup Muni. "Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Biofertiliser and Biocontrol agent-Review article." Journal of Balkumari College 8 (December 31, 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbkc.v8i0.29304.
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Good health starts with good food. Humans expect agriculture to supply good food with sufficient nutrients, economically and culturally valued foods, fibers and other products. But the excessive application of synthetic pesticides has exerted an adverse effect on bio-flora, fauna and natural enemies. Even a largest part of yield has been lost due to various stresses, like biotic and abiotic stresses to the plant. On this account, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), an eco-friendly biopesticides is boon for the biocontrol of different plant pathogens. Moreover, PGPR strains can enhance the plant growth through the production of various plant growth promoting substances. These are generally a group of microorganism that is found either in the plane of the rhizosphere or above roots impacting some positive benefits to plants. PGPR are associated with plant roots and augment plant productivity and immunity; however, recent work by several groups shows that PGPR also elicit so-called 'induced systemic tolerance' to salt and drought. PGPR might also increase nutrient uptake from soils, thus reducing the need for fertilizers and preventing the accumulation of nitrates and phosphates in agricultural soils. Scientific researches involve multidisciplinary approaches to understand adaptation of PGPR, effects on plant physiology and growth, induced systemic resistance, biocontrol of plant pathogens, bio fertilization, and potential green alternative for plant productivity, viability of co inoculating, plant microorganism interactions, and mechanisms of root colonization.
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Grobelak, A., A. Napora, and M. Kacprzak. "Using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve plant growth." Ecological Engineering 84 (November 2015): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.07.019.
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Nasib, Samson Bin, Ketty Suketi, and Winarso Drajad Widodo. "Pengaruh Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Terhadap Bibit dan Pertumbuhan Awal Pepaya." Buletin Agrohorti 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.4.1.63-69.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PGPR pada bibit dan pertumbuhan awal pepaya. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai Mei 2015 di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika IPB Pasirkuda Ciomas, Bogor, dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak 2 faktor dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah konsentrasi larutan PGPR (5 ml L-1, 10 ml L-1 dan 15 ml L-1) dan lama perendaman PGPR (30 menit, 60 menit,90 menit dan 120 menit). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F dan perlakuan berpengaruh dianalisis dengan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf selang kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian di polybag menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR mempengaruhi jumlah daun dan diameter batang di fase pembibitan. Hasil penelitian di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR tidak mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang petiol, lebar daun, panjang daun, waktu bunga pertama muncul, tinggi kedudukkan bunga, jumlah pohon betina, jumlah pohon hermaprodit, jumlah bunga betina dan jumlah bunga hermaprodit. Konsentrasi PGPR mempengaruhi panjang petiol pada 5 minggu setelah tanam.
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Nasib, Samson Bin, Ketty Suketi, and Winarso Drajad Widodo. "Pengaruh Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Terhadap Bibit dan Pertumbuhan Awal Pepaya." Buletin Agrohorti 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v4i1.15002.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PGPR pada bibit dan pertumbuhan awal pepaya. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai Mei 2015 di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika IPB Pasirkuda Ciomas, Bogor, dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak 2 faktor dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah konsentrasi larutan PGPR (5 ml L-1, 10 ml L-1 dan 15 ml L-1) dan lama perendaman PGPR (30 menit, 60 menit,90 menit dan 120 menit). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F dan perlakuan berpengaruh dianalisis dengan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf selang kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian di polybag menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR mempengaruhi jumlah daun dan diameter batang di fase pembibitan. Hasil penelitian di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR tidak mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang petiol, lebar daun, panjang daun, waktu bunga pertama muncul, tinggi kedudukkan bunga, jumlah pohon betina, jumlah pohon hermaprodit, jumlah bunga betina dan jumlah bunga hermaprodit. Konsentrasi PGPR mempengaruhi panjang petiol pada 5 minggu setelah tanam.
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Kurniawan, Andri. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pgpr (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria. L)." Jagros : Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (Journal of Agrotechnology Science) 3, no. 1 (December 8, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52434/jagros.v3i1.449.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi PGPR terhadap pertumbuhan semai sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L). PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) merupakan sejenis bakteri menguntungkan yang hidup dan berkembang biak di sekitar perakaran tanaman. Bakteri tersebut hidup secara berkoloni di sekitar area perakaran yang keberadaannya sangat menguntungkan bagi tanaman. Bakteri ini memberi keuntungan dalam proses fisiologi tanaman dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L) adalah salah satu tanaman hutan yang banyak di budidayakan.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Lahan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Winaya Mukti, dengan ketinggian 850 meter di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai dari bulan Oktober 2017 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2017. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis konsentrasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan semai sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan / kelompok. Konsentrasi PGPR yang digunakan yaitu : P0 = kontrol (0 Ml / L), P1 = 5 Ml / L, P2 = 10 Ml / L, P3 = 15 Ml / L, P4 = 20 Ml / L. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pengaruh pemberian konsentrasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) terhadap pertumbuhan semai sengon (Paraseriabthes falcataria L), maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut : Konsentrasi PGPR berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi, diameter dan panjang akar semai sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L) dengan perlakuan P4 = 20 Ml / L yang memberikan pengaruh nyata terbaik.
Kata Kunci : Paraserianthes falcataria L,. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
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Kashyap, Abhijeet Shankar, Nazia Manzar, Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat, Amit Kumar Kesharwani, Ravinder Pal Singh, S. C. Dubey, Debasis Pattanayak, Shri Dhar, S. K. Lal, and Dinesh Singh. "Screening and Biocontrol Potential of Rhizobacteria Native to Gangetic Plains and Hilly Regions to Induce Systemic Resistance and Promote Plant Growth in Chilli against Bacterial Wilt Disease." Plants 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102125.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a microbial population found in the rhizosphere of plants that can stimulate plant development and restrict the growth of plant diseases directly or indirectly. In this study, 90 rhizospheric soil samples from five agro climatic zones of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) were collected and rhizobacteria were isolated, screened and characterized at morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. In total, 38% of rhizobacteria exhibited the antagonistic capacity to suppress Ralstonia solanacearum growth and showed PGPR activities such as indole acetic acid production by 67.64% from total screened rhizobacteria isolates, phosphorus solubilization by 79.41%, ammonia by 67.75%, HCN by 58.82% and siderophore by 55.88%. We performed a principal component analysis depicting correlation and significance among plant growth-promoting activities, growth parameters of chilli and rhizobacterial strains. Plant inoculation studies indicated a significant increase in growth parameters and PDS1 strain showed maximum 71.11% biocontrol efficiency against wilt disease. The best five rhizobacterial isolates demonstrating both plant growth-promotion traits and biocontrol potential were characterized and identified as PDS1—Pseudomonas fluorescens (MN368159), BDS1—Bacillus subtilis (MN395039), UK4—Bacillus cereus (MT491099), UK2—Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MT491100) and KA9—Bacillus subtilis (MT491101). These rhizobacteria have the potential natural elicitors to be used as biopesticides and biofertilizers to improve crop health while warding off soil-borne pathogens. The chilli cv. Pusa Jwala treated with Bacillus subtilis KA9 and Pseudomonas fluorescens PDS1 showed enhancement in the defensive enzymes PO, PPO, SOD and PAL activities in chilli leaf and root tissues, which collectively contributed to induced resistance in chilli plants against Ralstonia solanacearum. The induction of these defense enzymes was found higher in leave tissues (PO—4.87-fold, PP0—9.30-fold, SOD—9.49-fold and PAL—1.04-fold, respectively) in comparison to roots tissue at 48 h after pathogen inoculation. The findings support the view that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria boost defense-related enzymes and limit pathogen growth in chilli plants, respectively, hence managing the chilli bacterial wilt.
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Rajani Srivastava , Anshika Singh, Rajani Srivastava ,. Anshika Singh. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for Sustainable Agriculture." International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 7, no. 4 (2017): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijasraug201765.
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Bhattacharyya, P. N., and D. K. Jha. "Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 28, no. 4 (December 24, 2011): 1327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0979-9.
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Lonhienne, Chanyarat Paungfoo, Nantida Watanarojanaporn, Ian Petersen, Ratchaniwan Jaemsaeng, Peeraya Klomsa ard, and Klanarong Sriroth. "Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhance the ratoon productivity of sugarcane." December 2021, no. 15(12):2021 (December 12, 2021): 1442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3311.
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Less than half of the applied chemical fertiliser in intensive cropping systems is utilised by the target crops, with the remaining nutrients contributing to environmental pollution. Reducing the pollution derived from inefficient use of chemical fertilisers has enormous importance for agriculture. Recently, studies have shown that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Paraburkholderia sp. SOS3 along with a combination of organic and chemical fertilisers, can offer a viable avenue to enhance sugarcane growth while reducing the concentration of chemical fertilisers. Here, we further investigated the effects of adding PGPR with combined organic and chemical fertilisers on sugarcane ratoon productivity (i.e. the second-year ratoon crop). The ratoon crop regenerated from sugarcane fertilised with the chemical-organic fertilisation in the first year, with or without PGPR (4 replicates), was grown in industry-standard practice in the second year. The results show that PGPR inoculation during the initial planting strongly promotes the growth of the ratoon sugarcane in the second year without reapplication of the PGPR. These findings show the high potential of using PGPR along with a combination of organic and chemical fertilisers for improving ratoon crop productivity in sugarcane.
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Griffin, Megan E., Mary K. Mullenix, D. W. Held, Russ B. Muntifering, and Sandra L. Dillard. "146 Evaluation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on stockpiled bermudagrass." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.082.
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Abstract Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are non-pathogenic, soil-inhabiting, beneficial bacteria that colonize the roots of plants. Some PGPR strains are reported to increase nutrient uptake and fix atmospheric N, which suggests that biofertilization with PGPR may provide an alternative to N fertilization for forage production. In mid-August 2017, a study was initiated to evaluate PGPR as an alternative form of N fertilization for fall-stockpiled bermudagrass. Eighteen 1-m2plots were mowed to a 2.5-cm stubble height prior to stockpiling. Two strains of PGPR (Blend 20 and DH44) were selected for evaluation based on performance in greenhouse trials. Treatments included: control, fertilizer, DH44, DH44+fertilizer, Blend 20, and Blend 20+fertilizer (n = 3).Two applications of PGPR were applied at the beginning of the stockpiling season and 30 d later. Ammonium sulfate was applied at 56 kg/ha during the first PGPR application. Plots were clipped to a height of 2.5 cm in mid-November, December, and January to determine yield and nutritive value. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) as a completely randomized design.Yield was greater (P ≤ 0.007) for Blend 20+fertilizer, DH44, and Blend 20 (695, 673, and 664 kg DM/ha, respectively) than the control (598 kg DM/ha). Forage DM yield differed among harvest dates, with Blend 20+Fertilizer having the highest yield in January (835 kg DM/ha). Blend 20+fertilizer, control, and fertilizer treatments had the greatest effect on CP concentration (9.1, 9.5, and 10.1%, respectively). Concentrations of NDF and ADF were greatest (P ≤ 0.01) for Blend 20, Blend 20+fertilizer, DH44, and fertilizer. Percentage IVTD decreased with the later harvests (46.1, 33.8, and 39.0% in November, December, and January, respectively); however, CP was unchanged across all harvests (P3 0.12). Overall, PGPR increased DM yield of stockpiled bermudagrass while maintaining forage nutritive value similar to commercial fertilizer.
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Devkota, Sabina, Kamana Rayamajhi, Dil Raj Yadav, and Jiban Shrestha. "Effects of different doses of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) granules on wheat yield." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32536.
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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the soil bacteria inhabiting around/on the root surface and are directly or indirectly involved in promoting plant growth and development. This study was conducted at research field of Agriculture Research Station, Belachapi, Dhanusa, Nepal in 2018 to identify the effects of PGPR on wheat production. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Eight treatments namely, T1: Control; T2: Recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) (100:50:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha); T3:10 t/ha Farm Yard Manure (FYM); T4: PGPR 12.5 kg/ha ; T5: PGPR 25 kg/ha; T6: PGPR 7 kg/ha; T7: PGPR 12.5 kg/ha + ½ RDF; T8: PGPR 7 kg/ha + ½ FYM, were applied in this experiment. Wheat variety NL-971 was used. The results showed that the thousand grain weight showed significant result. The treatment with 10 t/ha FYM was found the best for spike length (8.267cm), grains per five spikes (160) and Thousand grain weight (49.28 g). Whereas, the highest yield (2.064 t/ha) was obtained with application of PGPR 7 kg/ha + ½ FYM. The PH content was found the highest (5.453) with application of RDF. The maximum organic matter content (1.763) and N content (0.1179%) were found with application of PGPR 12.5 kg/ha. Similarly, the highest phosphorus content (75.83 mg/kg) was found with application of PGPR7 kg/ha while the highest potassium content (72.51 mg/kg) was obtained with application of PGPR 25kg/ha. Overall, there was positive impact of application of PGPR on wheat production.
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Lazarovits, George. "Application of Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria to Transplant Plug and Seed." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 750A—750. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.750a.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhance plant development by many mechanisms. Indirect growth effects result from PGPR activities that displace soilborne pathogens and thereby reduce disease. Direct effects include improved nutrition, reduced disease due to activation of host defenses, and bacterial production of phytohormones. An understanding of the mode of action is essential for exploitation of PGPR for field use. For instance, bacteria that act as biological control agents can only be of benefit at locations where disease occurs. PGPR that stimulate plant growth directly will likely have more universal uses and greater impacts. Thus, we have been developing model systems for identifying PGPR with such traits. In this presentation, the effects of bacterization of tissue culture-grown plants, plug transplants, and seed with a growth-promoting Pseudomonas sp. (PsJN) will be described. Potential uses for this and other PGPR will also be identified. The talk will consider the advantages and limitations of: a) screening methods used for selection of PGPR, b) model systems available for studying the mechanisms of action, and c) why transplants offer an ideal delivery system for rhizobacteria. Results from field trials with PGPR with different modes of action will be presented and their future role in agriculture considered.
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Ichwan, Budiyati, Trias Novita, Eliyanti Eliyanti, and Ella Masita. "Aplikasi Berbagai Jenis Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabai Merah." Jurnal Media Pertanian 6, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v6i1.111.
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This study aims to examine the effect of PGPR in increasing the growth and yield of red chilies, and to find the type of PGPR that gives the best growth and yield in red chilies. The research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, 35 above sea level. The study used a randomized block design with one factor, namely various types of PGPR: without PGPR; PGPR1 (containing Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., 11 essential macro and microelements, as well as natural amino acids); PGPR 2 (containing Pseudomonas fluorescent, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus niger, Azobacter sp., Azospirilium sp., And Rhizobium sp.); PGPR 3 (containing Trichoderma sp., Pseudomonas sp., And Rhizobium sp.); and PGPR 4 (containing Azosbacteria sp, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma harzianum). Each treatment was repeated five times. The results showed that the application of PGPR was able to increase plant growth and yield of red chilies in the form of plant height (2.12% - 9.69%), the total number of branches (5.25% -54.96%), number of fruits (13,55% -51.40%) and fruit weight (54.19% -116.35%). The quality of crop yields has also improved with the application of PGPR. PGPR which contains Pseudomonas fluorescent, Trichoderma sp, Aspergillus niger, Azobacter sp, Azospirilium sp, and Rhizobium sp. is PGPR that provides the best growth and yield of red chilies
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Sari, Indah Juwita, Indria Wahyuni, Rida Oktorida Khastini, Ewi Awaliyati, Andriana Susilowati, Enggar Utari, and I. Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha. "Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Capcissum annum." Jurnal Biodjati 6, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.13191.
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Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the potential bacteria to enhance of Capsicum annuum through inhabitation the growth of pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to characterize PGPR in chili plants (Capsicum annuum). PGPR was isolated from the soil habitat of the red chili plant in Cilegon, Indonesia. Screening was then carried out with the dual culture method on Petri dishes and tested through in vivo method on the red chili plant. The selected bacteria were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically. The results revealed that there were 14 single isolates of bacteria from the roots of the red chili plants. The five single bacterial isolates, namely Azostobacter, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Beijerinckia have good potential as PGPR based on multiple culture screening by producing clear zones and positively effect the growth of chili plants.
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Fadli, Fadli, Iinnaninengseh Iinnaninengseh, and Muhammad Rifky Auliah. "PENGARUH INTERVAL PEMBERIAN PGPR (PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PARE (Momordica carantia L.)." Journal Peqguruang: Conference Series 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.35329/jp.v3i1.1984.
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Tanaman Pare Atau Paria (Momordica Charabtia) Merupakan Tanaman Sayuran Buah Yang Memiliki Khasiat Yang Cukup Banyak Bagi Kesehatan Manusia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Bonne-Bonne, Kecamatan Mapilli, Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat, dan dilaksanakan pada Bulan Oktober sampai pada bulan Desember 2020, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan dan produksi Tanaman Pare (Momordica Charabtia) terhadap penggunaan sistem PGPR(Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria).Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 1 faktor yaitu pemberian PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria). Factor tersebut adalah Pupuk Pgpr (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) yang terdiri dari empat taraf, yaitu P0 : Kontrol, P1 : dIkocor 12 ml/liter air setiap 6 hari, B2 : dIkocor 12 ml/liter air setiap 12 hari, B3 : dIkocor 12 ml/liter air setiap 18 hari. Pada penelitian ini terdapat penelitian ini terdapat 4 (empat) perlakuan, dan setiap perlakuan masing-masing diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga jumlah kombinasi perlakuan sebanyak 16 unit perlakuan dan setiap unit perlakuan terdiri 2 tanaman dalam satu bedengan sehingga jumlah tanaman seluruhnya yaitu 32 tanaman. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa Pemberian PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) tidak memberikan pengrauh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman pare (momordica charabtia) namun memberikan hasil yang terbaik pada perlakuan P2 dan P1.
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Liddycoat, S. M., and D. J. Wolyn. "Field evaluation of asparagus crowns and germinating seeds inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08184.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have the ability to enhance growth and establishment by reducing stress ethylene, or providing exogenous indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), nitrogen, iron, or phosphorus. In previous greenhouse studies, PGPR inoculation of asparagus seeds or seedlings enhanced growth under optimal and water stress conditions. Experiments were conducted in this study to determine if PGPR could provide benefits to transplanted crowns and germinating seeds in the field. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria did not positively affect shoot height, count, or diameter of inoculated crowns, or percent germination and seedling dry weight of inoculated seeds. The limitations of using PGPR in the field and potential for future success are discussed.Key words: Asparagus officinalis, Pseudomonas , water stress, drought, irrigation
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Desrut, Antoine, Bouziane Moumen, Florence Thibault, Rozenn Le Hir, Pierre Coutos-Thévenot, and Cécile Vriet. "Beneficial rhizobacteria Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 induce major transcriptional changes in plant sugar transport." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 22 (August 29, 2020): 7301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa396.
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Abstract Plants live in close relationships with complex populations of microorganisms, including rhizobacterial species commonly referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR are able to improve plant productivity, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. Using an in vitro experimental system, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and the well-characterized PGPR strain Pseudomonas simiae WCS417r (PsWCS417r), we carried out a comprehensive set of phenotypic and gene expression analyses. Our results show that PsWCS417r induces major transcriptional changes in sugar transport and in other key biological processes linked to plant growth, development, and defense. Notably, we identified a set of 13 genes of the SWEET and ERD6-like sugar transporter gene families whose expression is up- or down-regulated in response to seedling root inoculation with the PGPR or exposure to their volatile compounds. Using a reverse genetic approach, we demonstrate that SWEET11 and SWEET12 are functionally involved in the interaction and its plant growth-promoting effects, possibly by controlling the amount of sugar transported from the shoot to the root and to the PGPR. Altogether, our study reveals that PGPR-induced beneficial effects on plant growth and development are associated with changes in plant sugar transport.
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Kloepper, Joseph W., M. S. Reddy, Choon-min Ryu, and John F. Murphy. "653 Use of Beneficial Rhizobacteria to Enhance Growth and Induce Systemic Disease Protection in Transplants." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 560C—560. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.560c.
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Use of beneficial rhizobacteria to enhance growth and induce systemic disease protection in transplants. Plant associated bacteria have been studied for the capacity to provide plant growth enhancement and biological disease control. “Rhizobacteria” are bacteria from the rhizosphere that have the capacity to colonize plant roots following introduction onto seeds or into soil. Effects of rhizobacteria on plants may be deleterious, neutral, or beneficial. Beneficial rhizobacteria are termed “PGPR—plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.” In developmental studies aimed at reducing to practice the concept of induced systemic disease protection mediated by PGPR, we discovered that mixtures of PGPR and an organic amendment into the soilless media used to prepare tomato transplants resulted in highly significant and reproducible plant growth promotion. Time for development of transplants was typically reduced from 6 weeks for controls receiving industry standard fertility and growth regimes to 4 weeks for seedlings grown in soilless mix into which the PGPR had been incorporated. This marked growth promotion was also associated with systemic protection against pathogens. When transplants were inoculated with the tomato spot pathogen, significantly fewer lesions developed on plants grown in the biological system than on control plants. Similar effects on plant growth and systemic disease protection were seen with cucumber, bell pepper, and tobacco, suggesting that the benefits are not highly crop or cultivar specific. Results of recent field studies will be presented. We conclude that incorporation of PGPR into soilless mixes is a technologically useful and feasible way to deliver benefits to transplants.
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Liu, Ke, John A. McInroy, Chia-Hui Hu, and Joseph W. Kloepper. "Mixtures of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Enhance Biological Control of Multiple Plant Diseases and Plant-Growth Promotion in the Presence of Pathogens." Plant Disease 102, no. 1 (January 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0478-re.
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Several studies have shown that mixtures of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could enhance biological control activity for multiple plant diseases through the mechanisms of induced systemic resistance or antagonism. Prior experiments showed that four individual PGPR strains—AP69 (Bacillus altitudinis), AP197 (B. velezensis), AP199 (B. velezensis), and AP298 (B. velezensis)—had broad-spectrum biocontrol activity via antagonism in growth chambers against two foliar bacterial pathogens (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) and one of two tested soilborne fungal pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum). Based on these findings, the overall hypothesis of this study was that a mixture of two individual PGPR strains would exhibit better overall biocontrol and plant-growth promotion than the individual PGPR strains. Two separate greenhouse experiments were conducted. In each experiment, two individual PGPR strains and their mixtures were tested for biological control of three different diseases and for plant-growth promotion in the presence of the pathogens. The results demonstrated that the two individual PGPR strains and their mixtures exhibited both biological control of multiple plant diseases and plant-growth promotion. Overall, the levels of disease suppression and growth promotion were greater with mixtures than with individual PGPR strains.
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Saeed, Qudsia, Wang Xiukang, Fasih Ullah Haider, Jiří Kučerik, Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz, Jiri Holatko, Munaza Naseem, et al. "Rhizosphere Bacteria in Plant Growth Promotion, Biocontrol, and Bioremediation of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Review of Effects and Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910529.
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Agriculture in the 21st century is facing multiple challenges, such as those related to soil fertility, climatic fluctuations, environmental degradation, urbanization, and the increase in food demand for the increasing world population. In the meanwhile, the scientific community is facing key challenges in increasing crop production from the existing land base. In this regard, traditional farming has witnessed enhanced per acre crop yields due to irregular and injudicious use of agrochemicals, including pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, but at a substantial environmental cost. Another major concern in modern agriculture is that crop pests are developing pesticide resistance. Therefore, the future of sustainable crop production requires the use of alternative strategies that can enhance crop yields in an environmentally sound manner. The application of rhizobacteria, specifically, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as an alternative to chemical pesticides has gained much attention from the scientific community. These rhizobacteria harbor a number of mechanisms through which they promote plant growth, control plant pests, and induce resistance to various abiotic stresses. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of rhizobacteria involved in plant growth promotion, biocontrol of pests, and bioremediation of contaminated soils. It also focuses on the effects of PGPR inoculation on plant growth survival under environmental stress. Furthermore, the pros and cons of rhizobacterial application along with future directions for the sustainable use of rhizobacteria in agriculture are discussed in depth.
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Jeksen, Julianus. "APLIKASI PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)." AGRICA 7, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v7i2.406.
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This study aims at finding out the PGPR dose on the growth of cocoa seed and investigating the optimum dose of PGPR that can grow cocoa seed. A random block design was employed in this study with the treatment of 7,5 ml PGPR seed-1 (PG 1), and PGPR 15 ml PGPR seed-1 (PG 2), the PGPR dose of 30 ml PGPR seed-1 (PG 3), and PGPR 45 ml PGPR seed-1 (PG 4). The result of this research indicates that the treatment of PGPR dose has an apparent influence on the growth of the cocoa seed. The better cocoa seed growth is that the plant height improves to 5,26%, leaves a total number of 5,64%, leaves width of 8,36%, the diameter of stem increases to 12,00% mm, the weight of wet fresh stover plant-1 rises to7,69% and dry weight of stover plant-1increases to 10,71%. The optimum dose of PGPR for cocoa seeding is 45 ml PGPR seed-1.
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R. Jagtap, Ruddhi, Gajanan V. Mali, and Kailas D. Sonawane. "ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENT PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA FROM ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 7, 2022): 148–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/16.
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Present study was aimed to assess plant growth promoting activity of rhizobacteria isolated from rhizospheric soil of Asparagus racemosus. Thirty rhizobacteria were isolated and tested for Plant Growth Promoting Activity, with six of them being employed in further research. Functional plant growth promoting traits such as phosphorus solubilization, zinc and potassium solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore production, and growth on Nfree media were used to characterize the isolates. Phosphate solubilization was much higher in isolates A and B (84.24 ±0.01 and 86.16 ±0.02 µg/ml respectively) and IAA production (90.11±0.1 and 253.45±0.01 respectively). Both isolates were capable of producing siderophore.Three of the six isolates were potassium solubilizers, two were zinc solubilizers, and three demonstrated exopolysaccharide production. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify isolates with the highest PGPR performance. Overall potent isolates were identified as Exiguobacterium acetylicum strain RGK and Enterobacter mori strain RGK1 respectively and deposited in GeneBank under accession number OL771442 and OL656822 respectively. These strains could be used as an PGPR inoculant having multiple PGP-traits for plant growth promotion. Key words: PGPR, Plant Growth Promoting Traits, Exiguobacterium acetylicum RGK , Enterobacter mori RGK1, Asparagus racemosus.
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Chandran, Hema, Mukesh Meena, and Prashant Swapnil. "Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as a Green Alternative for Sustainable Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 3, 2021): 10986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910986.
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Environmental stress is a major challenge for sustainable food production as it reduces yield by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which pose a threat to cell organelles and biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, enzymes, and others, leading to apoptosis. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offers an eco-friendly and green alternative to synthetic agrochemicals and conventional agricultural practices in accomplishing sustainable agriculture by boosting growth and stress tolerance in plants. PGPR inhabit the rhizosphere of soil and exhibit positive interaction with plant roots. These organisms render multifaceted benefits to plants by several mechanisms such as the release of phytohormones, nitrogen fixation, solubilization of mineral phosphates, siderophore production for iron sequestration, protection against various pathogens, and stress. PGPR has the potential to curb the adverse effects of various stresses such as salinity, drought, heavy metals, floods, and other stresses on plants by inducing the production of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Genetically engineered PGPR strains play significant roles to alleviate the abiotic stress to improve crop productivity. Thus, the present review will focus on the impact of PGPR on stress resistance, plant growth promotion, and induction of antioxidant systems in plants.
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Saadaoui, Nora, Allaoua Silini, Hafsa Cherif-Silini, Ali Chenari Bouket, Faizah N. Alenezi, Lenka Luptakova, Sarah Boulahouat, and Lassaad Belbahri. "Semi-Arid-Habitat-Adapted Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Allows Efficient Wheat Growth Promotion." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092221.
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Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) introduced into agricultural ecosystems positively affect agricultural production and constitute an ecological method for sustainable agriculture. The present study demonstrated the effects of two PGPR, Pantoea agglomerans strain Pa and Bacillus thuringiensis strain B25, on seed germination, on the plant growth of two durum wheat varieties, Bousselam and Boutaleb, and on the frequency of the cultivable beneficial bacterial community. The bacterial strains were used as seed primers (individually or in consortia) by coating them with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC 1%). The effect of PGPR was negligible on germinative ability but improved seed vigor in the Boutaleb variety after inoculation with the Pa strain alone or in combination with the B25 strain. The results showed that the germination capacity depends on the wheat variety. It seemed to be better in the Bousselam variety. Analysis of the results of morphological plant parameters in sterile compost after 75 days under controlled conditions (16 h light, 26/16 °C day/night) showed a significant improvement in plant growth in both wheat varieties with the Pa strain alone or in combination. Chlorophyll (a, and total), carotenoid, and total soluble sugars were significantly increased, while proline and MDA were strongly reduced by inoculation of the Bousselam variety. Bacterial survival of the Pa and B25 strains in the rhizosphere of sterile compost was appreciable (105–107 CFU/g) for both the Pa and B25 strains. Only the Pa strain was endophytic and able to colonize roots. Contrary to sterile compost, the different inoculation treatments in natural soil (after 114 days) significantly improved all morphological parameters and chlorophyll pigments in both wheat varieties. The reduction of proline contents at the leaf level was observed with Pa, mainly in Bousselam. Bacterial densities of the rhizosphere and endophyte cultivable communities did not differ significantly. However, the number of cultivable beneficial bacteria isolated from roots and rhizosphere with multiple PGP traits was significantly increased. Bacterial survival of CMC-coated seed inoculum was appreciable and remained constant, especially for the Pa strain, during 21 months at room temperature. Based on these results, the PGPR used after seed priming would be a feasible and sustainable strategy to improve soil fertility and promote growth of durum wheat in stressful and non-stressful environments.
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Kloepper, J. W., A. Gutiérrez-Estrada, and J. A. McInroy. "Photoperiod regulates elicitation of growth promotion but not induced resistance by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 2 (February 2007): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-114.
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For several years, we have noticed that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which consistently promote plant growth in greenhouse tests during spring, summer, and fall, fail to elicit plant growth promotion during the midwinter under ambient light conditions. This report tests the hypothesis that photoperiod regulates elicitation of growth promotion and induced systemic resistance (ISR) by PGPR. A commercially available formulation of PGPR strains Bacillus subtilis GB03 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IN937a (BioYield®) was used to grow tomato and pepper transplants under short-day (8 h of light) (SD) and long-day (12 h of light) (LD) conditions. Results of many experiments indicated that under LD conditions, BioYield consistently elicited significant increases in root and shoot mass as well as in several parameters of root architecture. However, under SD conditions, such increases were not elicited. Differential root colonization of plants grown under LD and SD conditions and changes in leachate quality partially account for these results. BioYield elicited ISR in tomato and pepper under both LD and SD conditions, indicating that although growth promotion was not elicited under SD conditions, induced resistance was. Overall, the results indicate that PGPR-mediated growth promotion is regulated by photoperiod, while ISR is not.
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Azadikhah, Mitra, Fatemeh Jamali, Hamid-Reza Nooryazdan, and Fereshteh Bayat. "Growth promotion and yield enhancement of barley cultivars using ACC deaminase producing Pseudomonas fluorescens strains under salt stress." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 17, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): e0801. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2019171-13828.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme reduce the level of stress, ethylene and stimulate plant growth under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The present study aims at characterizing efficient salt-tolerant, ACC deaminase containing Pseudomonas fluorescens strains with plant growth-promoting activity isolated from the rhizosphere of barley plants and evaluating the influence of potent plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates on growth and yield of five barley cultivars under salinity stress. Plant growth and yield in barley cultivars following inoculation with salt-tolerant, ACC deaminase producing PGPR strains under salt stress were quantified. Results indicated that under various levels of salinity (50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) inoculation with PGPRs had positive impact on growth parameters and yield of barley cultivars including plant height, spike length, weight and number, peduncle length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, comparing to uninoculated control plants under salinity stress. Inoculation of barley cultivars with bacteria ameliorated the negative effects of salinity and resulted in increase in growth and yield. Besides, as the salinity levels increased, growth and yield of barley cultivars decreased; however, cultivars showed different responses to salt stress. This study demonstrates the vital role of rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase for increasing salt tolerance and consequently improving the growth and yield of barley plants under salinity stress.
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Nelson, Louise M. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for New Inoculants." Crop Management 3, no. 1 (2004): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cm-2004-0301-05-rv.
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Asghar, H. N., Z. A. Zahir, and M. Arshad. "Screening rhizobacteria for improving the growth, yield, and oil content of canola (Brassica napus L.)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 2 (2004): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03112.
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One hundred rhizobacteria previously isolated from the rhizospheres of Brassica species were screened for their growth promoting activity in Brassica napus L. under gnotobiotic conditions. Results revealed that 58% of the rhizobacteria increased root length (up to 139%), 39% enhanced shoot length (up to 78%), and shoot weight (up to 72%) of Brassica napus L. Based upon growth promotion of B. napus seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions, 10 promising plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were selected and tested for their effectiveness in growth promotion, yield, and oil content of B. napus grown in pots. The pot trials revealed that inoculation with selected PGPR increased plant height, root length, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and oil content over a range of 7–57% above the uninoculated control. These isolates were then assayed for their ability to produce auxins in vitro in the presence and absence of L-tryptophan. Regression analysis showed that in vitro auxin production by these bacteria was significantly related to the number of branches and oil content of B. napus. It is highly likely that improvement in growth and yield of the inoculated plants is due to an increase in the number of branches per plant, since there was a positive correlation of this growth parameter with the number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and seed oil content. Results indicated that simultaneous screening of rhizobacteria for growth promotion under gnotobiotic conditions and in vitro production of auxins could be a useful approach for selecting effective PGPR.
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Li, Xingjie, Dongbo Li, Zhenning Yan, and Yansong Ao. "Biosorption and bioaccumulation characteristics of cadmium by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria." RSC Advances 8, no. 54 (2018): 30902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra06270f.
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Cole, Madison, Megan E. Griffin, Sandra L. Dillard, Mary K. Mullenix, Russ B. Muntifering, and David Held. "68 Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Fall-Stockpiled Bermudagrass." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.072.
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Abstract Forage production practices have been greatly affected by the increasing cost of N fertilization. Therefore, supplemental and alternative N sources are needed to ensure the economic viability of these systems. A 2-yr, small plot study was designed to evaluate plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as an alternative form of N fertilizer for fall-stockpiled bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Eighteen 1-m2 ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass plots were treated with a synthetic N fertilizer, DH44 (PGPR strain), DH44+fertilizer, Blend 20 (PGPR blend), Blend 20+fertilizer, and a control, then stockpiled through the fall. Two PGPR applications were applied in late-August and again 30 d later. Fertilizer and PGPR+fertilizer plots received (NH4)2SO4, at a rate of 56 kg N/ha. One-third of each plot was clipped to 2.5 cm in November, December, and January, respectively. Forage DM yield, CP, NDF, ADF, and ADL were determined via wet chemistry at the Auburn University Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory (Auburn, AL). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4, SAS Inst., Cary, NC) as a completely randomized design. Yield was greatest (P ≤ 0.0318) for Blend 20+fertilizer, but it was not different (P = 0.2552) from that of the synthetic fertilizer (1,914 kg ha-1, 1,768 kg ha-1, respectively). Concentration of CP was least (P ≤ 0.0437) for DH44 and Blend 20 treatments (90 g kg-1 and 92 g kg-1, respectively). Concentrations of NDF for the control were different (P ≤ 0.0045) for all treatments except synthetic fertilizer (P = 0.1092). Concentrations of ADF were not different (P ≥ 0.1613) excluding the control (P ≤ 0.0525; 342.8 g kg-1and 358.0 g kg-1, respectively). In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) was not different (P = 0.0947) among all treatments (463.1 g kg-1). All yield and nutritive value parameters were greater (P ≤ 0.0246) in Year 2. These results indicate that PGPR is a viable option for biofertilization of fall-stockpiled bermudagrass; however, further investigation into the effects of PGPR inoculants at a field scale are needed.
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Maya K.C, Bishnu, Dhurva Prasad Gauchan, Sanjay Nath Khanal, and Janardan Lamichhane. "Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth promoting Rhizobacteria from Bamboo Rhizosphere and Their Role in Plant Growth Promotion." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v21i1.49908.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of root-associated bacteria that intimately interact with the plant roots and consequently enhance growth by extemporising nutrient retrieval or phytohormone production. We isolated and screened indigenous phosphate solubilising and auxinproducing PGPR from bamboo rhizosphere. 66 soil samples from bamboo (Bambusa nutans subsp. cupulata, B. balcooa and B. tulda) rhizospheres were collected from Dhanusha, Mahottari and Sarlahi districts, Nepal. 120 isolates of PGPR were obtained by serial dilution method in (PVK) agar and Luria Bertani agar. 92 out of 120 isolates of PGPR with the ability to solubilise phosphate were selected based on the halo colony ratio in PVK agar medium and auxin production in Luria Bertani agar. Among them, six isolates having high phosphate solubilising index and high production capacity of indole-3-acetic acid were further screened. Biochemical analysis revealed that these isolates belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. Phosphate solubilising index and indole-3- acetic acid production by six isolates ranged from 4.19±0.8 to 7.65±1.3, and IAA production ranged from 72.93±0.2 to 82.48±0.9µg/ml respectively. These isolates significantly increased shoot length (13.26±0.56cm), shoot fresh weight (16.26±1.02mg), shoot dry weight (10.56±0.09mg), root length (4.9±0.5cm), root fresh weight (7.56±1.05mg), root dry weight (3.21±0.01mg), and chlorophyll ‘a’ and chlrophyll‘b’ and carotenoid (2.16±0.01mg/g, 1.19±0.06mg/g and 0.92±0.01mg/g respectively) of B. nutans subsp. cupulata seedlings. This study suggests that PGPR isolated from bamboo rhizosphere demonstrated outstanding contribution to the growth promotion of seedlings of B. nutans subsp. cupulata as compared to negative control.
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Khezrinejad, Nabi, Gholam Khodakaramian, and Fatemeh Shahryari. "Characterization of potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Iran." Biologia Futura 70, no. 4 (December 2019): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/019.70.2019.30.
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Purpose This study aims to characterize plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in sunflowers growing in different locations at North West of Iran. Materials and methods Sunflower plants were collected from different regions of West Azarbaijan, and rhizospheric bacterial strains were isolated and screened for PGP traits. Identification and characterization of the PGPR were conducted based on 16s rDNA sequences and phenotypic analysis, the strains clustered for genetic diversity by rep-PCR method. Results Among the 80 bacterial isolates, 20 showed PGP traits and were selected for other potentials. All the selected isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid at the rate of 9.2–33.7 mg/ml. In addition, 13, 15, 12, and 16 were positive for phosphate solubilization, siderephore, hydrogen cyanide, and ammonia production, respectively. The results from a subsequent pot experiment indicated that PGPRs distinctly increased sun flower shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, as well as shoot and root dry weight. Based on 16S rDNA sequences and biochemical and physiological characteristics, 20 PGPRs were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens (five isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (four isolates), Pseudomonas geniculata (one isolate), Bacillus subtilis (four isolates), Bacillus pumilus (two isolates), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (two isolates), and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans (two isolates). In rep-PCR, PGPR isolates were differentiated into seven clusters (A–G) at 65% similarity level. These results demonstrated the existence of a considerable species richness and genetic diversity among PGPRs isolated from different regions of North West of Iran. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is first report for the identification and characterization of B. frigoritolerans as PGPR in sunflower plants.
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Flores-Núñez, Víctor M., Enriqueta Amora-Lazcano, Angélica Rodríguez-Dorantes, Juan A. Cruz-Maya, and Janet Jan-Roblero. "Comparison of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in a pine forest soil and an agricultural soil." Soil Research 56, no. 4 (2018): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17227.
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The load and diversity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used as biomarkers to evaluate the health and quality of the soil. In the present study, the diversity of PGPRs and the physicochemical properties of the soil were used as comparative biomarkers in two adjacent soils (a pine forest soil and an agricultural soil) of the same region in Mexico City in order to investigate the effects of land use change. Bacterial diversity and physicochemical properties differed between the two soils. In the pine forest soil, PGPR were distributed at similar proportions in the Proteobacteria (29.41%), Actinobacteria (29.41%) and Firmicutes (35.29%) phyla, whereas the remaining PGPR were in Bacteroidetes (5.88%). In the agricultural soil, most PGPR belonged to the Phylum Firmicutes (50%), with the remaining belonging to Proteobacteria (22.73%), Actinobacteria (18.18%) and Bacteroidetes (9.09%). Percentages of bacteria producing indole acetic acid (90.91%) and siderophores (40.91%) were higher in agricultural soil. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to correlate PGPR with the physicochemical characteristics of the soils. The CCA revealed that differences between both soils and the physicochemical properties of the soils affected isolated bacterial species and their distribution. These results demonstrate that the PGPR are correlated with the physicochemical properties of the soil, exhibiting differences between an agricultural soil and a pine forest soil.
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Fatima, Kaneez. "Insights into Chemical Interaction between Plants and Microbes and its Potential Use in Soil Remediation." BioScientific Review 01, no. 04 (December 2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/bsr.0104.05.
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Soil bacteria are very vital and they are frequently used in production of crop. Chemical dialogues between bacteria and plant roots result in the proliferation and biofilm formation of plant growth promoting and contaminant degrading bacteria. Plant-bacterial interactions in the rhizosphere are the determinants of plant health and soil fertility. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which is also known as plant health promoting rhizobacteria (PHPR) or nodule promoting rhizobacteria (NPR). It can benefit the host plant directly by enhancing plant growth or indirectly by producing hydrolytic enzymes and by priming plant defence. This review elaborates the effect of plant and bacterial products on the remediation of contaminated soil.