Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plant landscape

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Plant landscape'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Plant landscape"

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Peterson, Cathleen A., L. Brooke McDowell, and Chris A. Martin. "286 Plant Life Form Frequency, Diversity, and Irrigation Application in Urban Residential Landscapes." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 491E—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.491e.

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Heightened awareness of ecological concerns have prompted many municipalities to promote water conservation through landscape design. In central Arizona, urban residential landscapes containing desert-adapted plant species are termed xeriscapes, while those containing temperate or tropical species and turf are termed mesoscapes. Research was conducted to ascertain landscape plant species diversity, tree, shrub, and ground cover frequency; landscape canopy area coverage; and monthly irrigation application volumes for xeric and mesic urban residential landscapes. The residential urban landscapes were located in Tempe and Phoenix, Ariz., and all were installed initially between 1985 and 1995. Although species composition of xeric and mesic landscapes was generally dissimilar, both landscape types had comparable species diversity. Mesoscapes had significantly more trees and shrubs and about 2.3 times more canopy area coverage per landscaped area than xeriscapes. Monthly irrigation application volumes per landscaped surface area were higher for xeriscapes. Even though human preference for xeric landscape plants may be ecological in principle, use of desert-adapted species in central Arizona urban residential landscape settings might not result in less landscape water use compared with mesic landscapes.
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Behe, B., J. Hardy, S. Barton, J. Brooker, T. Fernandez, C. Hall, J. Hicks, et al. "Landscape Plant Material, Size, and Design Sophistication Increase Perceived Home Value." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-23.3.127.

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Abstract Little consumer research is available to help landscape design and installation businesses develop service marketing strategies. We investigated the effect of three components of a landscape design on the perceived value of a home. This information would be useful in marketing lawn and landscape services to prospective clients. Our objective was to provide a consumer perspective on the value of the components in a ‘good’ landscape and determine which attributes of a landscape consumers valued most. Using conjoint design, 1323 volunteer participants in seven states viewed 16 photographs that depicted the front of a landscaped residence. Landscapes were constructed using various levels of three attributes: plant material type, design sophistication, and plant size. Results showed that the relative importance increased from plant material type to plant size to design sophistication. Across all seven markets, study participants perceived that home value increased from 5% to 11% for homes with a good landscape.
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Plantegenest, Manuel, Christophe Le May, and Frédéric Fabre. "Landscape epidemiology of plant diseases." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 4, no. 16 (July 24, 2007): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2007.1114.

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Many agricultural landscapes are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and fragmentation. Landscape ecology focuses on the influence of habitat heterogeneity in space and time on ecological processes. Landscape epidemiology aims at applying concepts and approaches originating from landscape ecology to the study of pathogen dynamics at the landscape scale. However, despite the strong influence that the landscape properties may have on the spread of plant diseases, landscape epidemiology has still received little attention from plant pathologists. Some recent methodological and technological progress provides new and powerful tools to describe and analyse the spatial patterns of host–pathogen interactions. Here, we review some important topics in plant pathology that may benefit from a landscape perspective. These include the influence of: landscape composition on the global inoculum pressure; landscape heterogeneity on pathogen dynamics; landscape structure on pathogen dispersal; and landscape properties on the emergence of pathogens and on their evolution.
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Chen, Jinwen, Weiran Tian, and Ying Huang. "Construction Strategy of Regional Plant Landscape in Urban Gardens." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 05036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019405036.

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By sorting out the problems existing in the construction of plant landscapes in urban gardens, the designer plans tree species, characteristics, spaces, colours, etc. from the perspective of ecosystem balance, applies local rich native plants, and explores the construction strategies of regional plant landscapes in urban gardens. Taking the city of Guilin as an example, the article analyses the construction features of the band green landscape of the two rivers and four lakes scenic spot, summarizes the construction characteristics of the regional plant landscape of Guilin, promotes the construction of an ecological garden city, and meets the people’s beautiful environmental needs.
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Garber, M. P., and K. Bondari. "Landscape Installation Firms: II. Source of Plant Material." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 13, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-13.1.35.

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Abstract The plant material purchasing patterns of landscape installers, which could help nurserymen develop marketing plans for this important segment of the green industry are identified in this study. Landscape installers revealed that approximately 97% of Georgia landscape installation firms purchased plants in-state and, in-state purchases were 73% of all plant material purchases. Most firms (91%) purchased directly from growers and obtained the largest percentage of plant material from this source (59.4%). The most important factors in selection of the production nursery where plants were purchased, as judged by the percent response for ‘very important’, were plant quality (85.3%), availability of plant material in desired sizes (62.7%) and, availability of plant varieties (60.0%). The quality of eight categories of plants grown in Georgia, relative to other states, was favorable. Landscape installation firms expected to purchase the same or greater quantities of plants over the next five years. The top three plant material trends likely to affect the type of plants purchased by landscape installers were decreased water availability (23.7%), increased demand for low maintenance landscapes (21.4%) and increased use of native or stress tolerant plants (17.6%). Across all size firms, the two most frequently listed opportunities for plant producers to help landscape installers were improved size and quality standards, and awareness of plant material specified by landscape architects so requested material is available. The results in this study varied by size of firm and provide valuable insight for development of marketing plans for growers serving the landscape installation industry.
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Chen, Linze, Junhan Liu, and Yang Zhao. "Innovation and Development: An Analysis of Landscape Construction Factors in Quanzhou Maritime Silkroad Art Park." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043157.

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From the perspective of tourists, this paper takes Quanzhou Maritime Silkroad Art Park as the research object to study the botanical landscape factors concerned with tourists in the theme park. Through a questionnaire survey, and combined with interviews, the collected results were scientifically analysed using the data. According to the statistical results, the factors of plant landscape construction in the theme park concerned with tourists were summarised, extracted, and named, which were “plant landscape healing”, “plant landscape culture”, “plant landscape continuity”, “plant landscape spatial sense”, and “plant landscape aesthetic sense”. Through an in-depth analysis of the five common factors of the construction of modern theme park plant landscapes, this study creatively centred on the construction of theme park landscapes and established a scientific evaluation system, combined with the development and construction of the park, and put forward innovative and constructive suggestions based on the summary and analysis results. It provides a scientific reference for plant landscape construction in other theme parks.
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Elder, Lee, and Robert Gorman. "(304) Alaska Native Plant Commerical Demand Survey." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1060A—1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1060a.

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About 333 people in the Anchorage area are involved in landscaping and landscape architecture, while about 18% of all farms in Alaska are considered greenhouse and nursery farms. These greenhouse and nursery farms account for $12.7 million in annual sales and comprise 28% of total Alaska agricultural sales. Alaskan horticulture producers have little industry knowledge of landscapers' and landscape architects' demand for Alaska native plants. This survey attempted to uncover the amounts of specific native Alaska varieties of shrubs, trees, herbaceous plants, and ferns that landscapers and landscape architects used in 2004, while also asking what types of plants they would like to use if a consistent supply was established. Landscapers' and landscape architects' business activities and perceptions are also evaluated. Surveys were distributed electronically as well as by standard mail to 165 landscapers and landscape architects in the Anchorage area. An overall 12% response rate provided insight into the commercial demand for Alaska native plant varieties.
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Sun, Hongyan, Kelly Kopp, and Roger Kjelgren. "Water-efficient Urban Landscapes: Integrating Different Water Use Categorizations and Plant Types." HortScience 47, no. 2 (February 2012): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.2.254.

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Little research has examined water requirements of entire irrigated urban landscapes integrating different types of plants. Three landscape treatments integrating different types of plants—woody, herbaceous perennial, turf—and putative water use classifications—mesic, mixed, xeric—were grown in large drainage lysimeters. Each landscape plot was divided into woody plant, turf, and perennial hydrozones and irrigated for optimum water status over 2 years and water use measured using a water balance approach. For woody plants and herbaceous perennials, canopy cover rather than plant type or water use classification was the key determinant of water use relative to reference evapotranspiration (ETo) under well-watered conditions. For turf, monthly evapotranspiration (ETa) followed a trend linearly related to ETo. Monthly plant factors (Kp) for woody plants, perennials, and turf species under well-watered conditions in this study ranged from 0.3 to 0.9, 0.2 to 0.5, and 0.5 to 1.2, respectively. Adjusted Kp for each hydrozone was calculated based on landscaped area covered by plant types as a percent of total area, and landscape factor (Kl) was calculated based on adjusted Kp for each landscape treatment. Overall, Kl relative to ETo ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 for three water use classifications.
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Qi, Zhang, and Zegiimaa Ch. "Plant Configuration and Landscape Construction in Blind Gardens." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v8i2.14715.

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In daily life, landscape design often takes able-bodied people as considerations, while ignoring the blind people who lack vision. According to the blind people's psychological needs and the need for space and landscape, based on taking into account the safety of the blind people and the integrity of the landscape structure, The blind garden plant configuration and landscape construction are carried out based on the principles of sex and accessibility. The content of landscape design includes the design of olfactory landscape, tactile landscape, visual landscape, and auditory landscape; barrier-free design mainly relies on barrier-free design of terrain, road design and public facilities; In order to arouse society's attention to the blind and improve urban gardens. The design theory enables the blind to have a space suitable for their own leisure and entertainment activities, enriching their daily lives, and discusses the design principles and plant configurations of the blind garden construction, hoping to provide some reference for the construction of blind landscapes.
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Liu, Guan, Jizhong Shao, Yubin Zhang, Minge Yang, Xiaosi Zhang, Wentao Wan, Yuxin Zhang, and Linjie Wang. "Multiple Analysis of the Relationship between the Characteristics of Plant Landscape and the Spatiotemporal Aggregation of the Population." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 6254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106254.

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The reformation and development of the education system in China have led to environmental upgrades in a great number of universities. Amid this improvement, plant landscapes hold an important role in improving the environment and highlighting the campus culture. However, due to the lack of in-depth exploration of the relationship between plant landscape characteristics and the spatiotemporal aggregation of the population in current research, the design methods of campus plant landscapes are not thoroughly studied. Therefore, the mutual improvement between landscaping and population activity has not been maximized. In this study, we collected 52 plant landscape units from Northwest A&F University as the research objects. We investigated the patterns of population aggregation on campus plant landscapes through quantitative analysis of the characteristics of plant landscapes and the temporal and spatial aggregation of people. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the complex relationship between the characteristics of each landscape and the spatial-temporal agglomeration of people. Traditional survey questionnaires and field surveys, kernel density analysis, Python crawler technology, raincloud plots analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and other methods were used to further measure and analyze plant landscape characteristics under the influence of population density from the two levels of various characteristic elements and different landscape units, and explain the mechanism affecting population aggregation, striving to provide a theoretical basis and practical support for the sustainable development of the campus environment and landscape design methods.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plant landscape"

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Davison, Elisabeth, John Begeman, Jimmy Tipton, and Tom DeGomez. "Plant Selection and Selecting Your Plants." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560978.

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Revised; Originally Published: 2000
8 pp.
Whether you are beginning a new landscape or renovating an existing one, planning ahead can prevent many problems. The majority of maintenance requirements and plant problems result from either selecting the wrong kind of plant for a location or planting an inferior specimen of the selected plant type. In other words, there are two decisions to be made: ▪ What species, or kind, of tree are you going to buy — an oak, pine, mesquite, or acacia? ▪ Assuming you decide on an oak, which one in the row of oaks at the nursery are you going to buy? The first decision is called Plant Selection and the second is Selecting Plants. Our goal is to install the right plant in the right place. This publication will cover the factors involved in making good decisions to achieve this goal.
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Mastretta-Yanes, Alicia. "Landscape genomics of tropical high altitude plant species." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52157/.

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Changes to species distributions involve demographic processes that occur over generations and affect allele frequencies within populations, leading to patterns of genetic restructuring. The specific genetic structuring patterns that will be observed as a consequence depend on explicit geographical features, such as topography and latitude. Over the first decades of phylogeography, the effect of climate history and geography on species genomes was examined at low resolution with DNA sequences and other traditional molecular markers. However, During the last five years it has become feasible to obtain genomic data for non-model organisms and large sample sizes. The present thesis spans the transition years between phylogeographic studies being restricted to low resolution molecular markers, and new methods facilitating the generation of genomic data for non-model species. As such, this thesis focuses on two main points. First, on the methodological aspects of utilising double digest RAD-seq (ddRAD) for individual-based population genetics and phylogeography of plant species. Second, on applying the obtained data to examine one of the classic. but as yet not fully explained, biodiversity patterns: the biodiversity excess within tropical mountains. The main contributions of this thesis at the methodological level are; (1) demonstrating the utility of DNA replicates for the estimation of genotyping error and optimisation of de novo assembly; (2) proposing a method for identifying paralogous loci resulting from recent gene duplications; and (3) showing that such logi provide a measure of population differentiation. Regarding the drivers of biodiversity excess within tropical mountains, I used landscape genomic analyses and ddRAD data to examine two plant species from the alpine grasslands of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. As a main result, this thesis supports from a population-level perspective that tropical mountains; (1) allow for long-term in situ population persistence; and (2) promote population differentiation as a function of topographic isolation.
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Trentanovi, Giovanni. "Vascular plant species diversity in fragmented secondary plant communities: a landscape ecology approach." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421745.

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Landscape ecology has been defined in a variety of different ways, but the common theme is the study of the ecological effects of ecosystem spatial patterning. Since the long history of landscape alteration has created novel systems with unknown dynamics, new tools are necessary to understand, manage and restore human dominated landscapes, preventing the loss of biodiversity. Among all, habitat fragmentation is the main process which affects biodiversity especially in human dominated landscapes. This thesis is based on three research papers concerning the evaluation of plant species diversity in fragmented and secondary plant communities. Moreover, the effect of natural reforestation process on biodiversity of secondary plant communities was investigated through a review paper. Focusing in each paper on different specific objectives due to the variability of landscape context and habitat type, the overall goal of this work was to detect spatial and management components influencing vascular plant species diversity. Through the different tools and methodologies used in each case study, we want to demonstrate the great applicability and versatility of landscape ecology approach both in theory and practice. The analyses were conducted on three fragmented secondary plant communities, i.e. meadow-pastures (Paper II), recent secondary woodlands (Paper III) and hedgerows (Paper IV), scattered in a dominant matrix type. Paper III was done during the collaboration with the Technische Universität of Berlin (Department of Ecology) during my research period abroad. The case studies were conducted both at patch and at landscape level, considering actual field data and management variables of the secondary plant communities surveyed (patch level) and the analysis of landscape asset around (landscape level). The latter was performed by GIS analysis. Regression models were used to relate plant species diversity to spatial and management variables. The survival of species depends on landscape dynamics and on spatial plant community configuration (Paper I). More specifically, where environmental site condition and management variables have not impact on secondary community variability and they did not differ between the surveyed communities, plant species diversity can be deeply influenced by spatial variables (Paper II and III). On the contrary, where management variables have a strong effect on secondary community alteration, i.e. in agrarian hedgerows, this effect is independent from the landscape assets of the different surveyed sites (Paper IV). In general, the integrative methods used by the “landscape ecology approach” allowed us to quantify in a holistic way complex natural-cultural patterns and processes on different time-space scales that influenced vascular plant species diversity.
L’ecologia del paesaggio studia l’influenza dei pattern spaziali sui flussi di specie. La continua frammentazione ed alterazione delle fitocenosi in paesaggi antropizzati rende necessario comprendere le dinamiche delle comunità vegetali che caratterizzano il paesaggio antropizzato, cercando di evitare il più possibile la perdita di diversità biologica che spesso è conseguenza di tali trasformazioni. La mia tesi è basata su tre articoli di ricerca riguardanti l’analisi della diversità della flora vascolare in fitocenosi secondarie e frammentate. In un lavoro di review invece, è stato analizzato l’effetto della riforestazione spontanea su fitocenosi secondarie a seguito dell’abbandono delle pratiche agricole. Ciascun lavoro è stato caratterizzato da specifici obiettivi, adattati in base alla variabilità del paesaggio e del tipo di fitocenosi secondaria indagata. Ciononostante, l’obiettivo comune di questa tesi è stato quello di esaminare l’influenza delle variabili di paesaggio e gestionali sulla variabilità della flora vascolare, tramite l’utilizzo di metodologie e strumenti propri dell’ecologia del paesaggio. Le analisi sono state effettuate in tre fitocenosi secondarie e frammentate, i.e. pascoli (Paper II), neoformazioni boschive (Paper III) e siepi rurali (Paper IV), inserite all’interno di differenti matrici paesaggistiche. Il terzo caso di studio (Paper III) è stato sviluppato in collaborazione con la Technische Universität di Berlino durante il mio periodo di dottorato all’estero. Le analisi sono state effettuate sia a livello di patch che di paesaggio, considerando quindi congiuntamente i rilievi floristici e le variabili gestionali (livello di patch) e l’analisi dell’assetto paesaggistico attorno alle fitocenosi indagate (livello di paesaggio). Le analisi di paesaggio sono state effettuate tramite strumenti GIS. Vari modelli di regressione sono stati utilizzati per mettere in relazione la diversità di specie vascolari con le variabili di paesaggio e gestionali. La sopravvivenza delle specie dipende profondamente dalle dinamiche del paesaggio e dalla sua configurazione spaziale (Paper I). Più nello specifico, nei casi di studio in cui le variabili stazionali e gestionali sono ininfluenti o omogenee in tutti i siti, la diversità di specie vascolari è profondamente influenzata dalle variabili spaziali (Paper II e III). Dove invece la gestione altera sostanzialmente l’equilibrio della fitocenosi, l’effetto è indipendente dalle variabili di paesaggio (Paper IV). In generale, i principi ed i metodi dell’ecologia del paesaggio che sono stati utilizzati nei casi di studio presentati, hanno permesso di quantificare precisamente i processi e le dinamiche che influenzano la diversità di specie vascolari a differnti scale spaziali e temporali.
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Gerstenberger, Nanette Marie. "Historic plant materials of Tucson." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291741.

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The objective of this study was to create a reference of historically identifiable eras in plant use and landscape design in Tucson between 1854 and 1960. Determination of plant use eras was based on a combination of factors: (1) significant events, (2) technological advancements, (3) the number of species identified during specific time frames, (4) changes in plant collection patterns, and (5) new design trends. Five major landscape plant use eras are identified: the Anglo Settlement Era (1854-1879), the Railroad Era (1880-1899), the Post Victorian Era (1900-1917), the Post World War I and Depression Era (1918-1938), and the World War II and Suburban Expansion Era (1939-1960). Plant introduction peaked between 1900 and 1917. Following that time, tree introductions declined significantly and shrub introductions increased.
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Eycott, A. "Plant population and community dynamics in a forest landscape." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410316.

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Cianfaglione, Kevin. "Plant landscape and models of French Atlantic estuarine systems." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0092/document.

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Les estuaires sont constitués d'une vaste mosaïque d'habitats naturels et semi-naturels. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les végétations et les paysages végétaux des systèmes estuariens atlantique en France, en essayant de comprendre le fonctionnement et les schémas de distribution des différentes unités de végétation. La présente étude tente de mettre au point un modèle théorique commun de fonctionnement et de gradients écologiques, afin de compléter la classification et la connaissance écologique des estuaires, et une aide au suivi et à l’évaluation de l’utilisation des sols, des impacts humains, en développant un modèle spatio-temporel prédictif fondé sur la végétation réelle et potentielle, et en utilisant l'approche dynamico-caténale. Dans 8 estuaires sélectionnés, nous avons effectué des travaux sur le terrain pour une superficie totale de 98 318 ha, mettant en évidence 2 séries de végétation et 4 géopermaséries, correspondant à 131 associations végétales, 60 alliances, 43 ordres et 28 classes. Nous avons cartographié la végétation de trois estuaires représentatifs, ce qui représente une superficie totale de 74 433 ha. Un schéma synthétique des paysages végétaux estuariens est proposé, en intégrant les gradients géographiques et écologiques et les formes géomorphologiques
Estuaries generally include a wide mosaic of natural and semi-natural habitats. The objective of this thesis is to study the vegetation and Plant Landscape of French Atlantic estuarine Systems, trying to understand the functioning and the plant distribution patterns. The present study tries to carry out a theoretical common model of functioning and ecological gradients, in order to make a basis to improve their classification and ecological studies, and to Help the monitoring and assessment of land uses, land forms transformation and human impacts : developping a spatio-temporal predictive model based on actual and potential vegetation, using the dynamico-catenal approach.The study area corresponds to the Atlantic French estuaries. In 8 selected estuaries, we undertook fieldworks for a total of 98315 ha, highlighting 2 vegetation series and 4 geopermaseries, corresponding to 131 plant associations, 60 alliances, 43 ordos and 28 classes. We mapped the vegetation of three representative estuaries for a total of 74433 ha. A synthetic scheme of estuary vegetation landscape is proposed, integrating geographical and ecological gradients as well as geomorphologic forms
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Cianfaglione, Kevin. "Plant landscape and models of French Atlantic estuarine systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0092.

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Les estuaires sont constitués d'une vaste mosaïque d'habitats naturels et semi-naturels. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les végétations et les paysages végétaux des systèmes estuariens atlantique en France, en essayant de comprendre le fonctionnement et les schémas de distribution des différentes unités de végétation. La présente étude tente de mettre au point un modèle théorique commun de fonctionnement et de gradients écologiques, afin de compléter la classification et la connaissance écologique des estuaires, et une aide au suivi et à l’évaluation de l’utilisation des sols, des impacts humains, en développant un modèle spatio-temporel prédictif fondé sur la végétation réelle et potentielle, et en utilisant l'approche dynamico-caténale. Dans 8 estuaires sélectionnés, nous avons effectué des travaux sur le terrain pour une superficie totale de 98 318 ha, mettant en évidence 2 séries de végétation et 4 géopermaséries, correspondant à 131 associations végétales, 60 alliances, 43 ordres et 28 classes. Nous avons cartographié la végétation de trois estuaires représentatifs, ce qui représente une superficie totale de 74 433 ha. Un schéma synthétique des paysages végétaux estuariens est proposé, en intégrant les gradients géographiques et écologiques et les formes géomorphologiques
Estuaries generally include a wide mosaic of natural and semi-natural habitats. The objective of this thesis is to study the vegetation and Plant Landscape of French Atlantic estuarine Systems, trying to understand the functioning and the plant distribution patterns. The present study tries to carry out a theoretical common model of functioning and ecological gradients, in order to make a basis to improve their classification and ecological studies, and to Help the monitoring and assessment of land uses, land forms transformation and human impacts : developping a spatio-temporal predictive model based on actual and potential vegetation, using the dynamico-catenal approach.The study area corresponds to the Atlantic French estuaries. In 8 selected estuaries, we undertook fieldworks for a total of 98315 ha, highlighting 2 vegetation series and 4 geopermaseries, corresponding to 131 plant associations, 60 alliances, 43 ordos and 28 classes. We mapped the vegetation of three representative estuaries for a total of 74433 ha. A synthetic scheme of estuary vegetation landscape is proposed, integrating geographical and ecological gradients as well as geomorphologic forms
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Miranda, Casey R. "Effects of Recycled Water On Landscape Plants." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/354.

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ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF RECYCLED WATER ON LANDSCAPE PLANTS Casey Ray Miranda Recycled water is water that has been previously used, has suffered a loss of quality, and has been properly treated for redistribution (Wu et al. 2001). The use of recycled water as an alternative to fresh water in the landscape can have positive and negative effects. Experimentation on 40 different plant species during a 32 week period (2 phases of 16 weeks), was conducted to analyze the effects of recycled water irrigation on the appearance of landscape plants. Each species of plant was planted into 10 individual number 2 pots and irrigated with recycled water daily. Media and water were tested for nutrients and other constituents. In phase I there were four different species of grasses and grass-like plants, five different perennials, five species of shrubs, and four annuals tested; while phase II tested four species of herbaceous perennials, eight different species of shrubs, six species of groundcovers, and four species of annuals. All tests were conducted at the Paso Robles Waste Water Treatment Plant. Of the grasses and grass like species Yucca spp. and Buchloe spp. performed best. Osteospermum fruticosum, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Phormium tenax, and Pennisetum setaceum had the best appearance of the herbaceous perennials tested. For the shrubs, Coprosma repens, Cistus purpureus, Dodonea viscosa, Eleagnus pungens, Baccharis pilularis, Ceanothus thysiflorus, Thuja orientalis, and Nerium oleander had the best appearance when irrigated with recycled water. The best annuals were Senecio cineraria, Antirrhinum majus, Primula spp., Viola spp., and Calendula officinalis. Of the groundcovers Heuchera spp., Lonicera japonica, Vinca major, Hedera helix, and Ceanothus griseus had the best results. From the experiment a list of tolerant and non-tolerant plants was compiled (Appendices 1 and 2). While many plants were capable of developing and growing normally, other plants were sensitive to recycled water irrigation. In order to prevent salt damage to plants and expand the use of recycled water, salt tolerance of landscape plant material must be identified (Niu et.al, 2006).
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Kosaka, Yasuyuki. "Plant Diversity in Paddy Field Landscape in Savannakhet Province, Laos." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/68782.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第12433号
地博第32号
新制||地||11(附属図書館)
UT51-2006-J424
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻
(主査)助教授 竹田 晋也, 教授 田中 耕司, 助教授 岩田 明久
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Meyers, Alexander D. "Influences of Gravitational Intensity on the Transcriptional Landscape of Arabidopsisthaliana." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1584638314936905.

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Books on the topic "Plant landscape"

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Delbosc, Pauline, Frédéric Bioret, and Christophe Panaïotis, eds. Plant Landscape of Corsica. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35776-4.

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Society, American Horticultural, and DK Publishing Inc, eds. AHS great plant guide. New York: Dorling Kindersley Pub., 2000.

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Society, American Horticultural, and DK Publishing Inc, eds. AHS great plant guide. London: DK Pub., 2004.

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Liz, Ball, ed. Rodale's landscape problem solver: A plant-by-plant guide. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale, 1989.

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Inc, DK Publishing, ed. American Horticultural Society great plant guide. London: DK, 2011.

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Cappiello, Paul E. Woody landscape plant cold-hardiness ratings. Orono: Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Maine at Orono, 1994.

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Whitcomb, Carl E. Landscape plant production, establishment, and maintenance. Stillwater, Okla: Lacebark Publications, 1986.

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Ricks, Geoff. Landscape plant manual for Saudi Arabia. Jeddah: Scientific Publishing Centre, King Abdulaziz University, 1992.

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The complete plant selection guide for landscape design. West Lafayette, Ind: Purdue University Press, 2011.

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F, Harker Donald, United States Golf Association, and New York Audubon Society, eds. Landscape restoration handbook. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plant landscape"

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Nautiyal, Sunil, Katari Bhaskar, and Y. D. Imran Khan. "Plant Biodiversity." In Biodiversity of Semiarid Landscape, 39–243. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15464-0_3.

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Vernon, Siobhan, Susan Irwine, Joanna Patton, and Neil Chapman. "Plant protection." In Landscape Architect's Pocket Book, 166–68. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003119500-33.

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Dyer, Rodney J. "Landscapes and Plant Population Genetics." In Landscape Genetics, 181–98. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118525258.ch11.

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Bronstein, Judith L. "The plant—pollinator landscape." In Mosaic Landscapes and Ecological Processes, 256–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0717-4_11.

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Aalipour, Hamed, and Ali Nikbakht. "Urban Landscape." In Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, 776–88. 4th ed. 4th edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093640-42.

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Chapman, Geoffrey P., and Yin-Zheng Wang. "Landscape and Climate." In The Plant Life of China, 13–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04838-2_2.

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Beck, Travis. "Right Plant, Right Place: Biogeography and Plant Selection." In Principles of Ecological Landscape Design, 1–5. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-199-3_0.

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Beck, Travis. "Right Plant, Right Place: Biogeography and Plant Selection." In Principles of Ecological Landscape Design, 7–31. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-199-3_1.

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D’Angelo, Paolo. "On the relationships between agriculture and landscape." In Plant Ethics, 131–42. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge environmental humanities: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315114392-12.

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Nautiyal, Sunil. "Erratum to: Plant Biodiversity." In Biodiversity of Semiarid Landscape, E1—E6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15464-0_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plant landscape"

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Popova, Valentina, Anna Popova, E. Aparina, and Yu Kubrak. "ANALYSIS OF WOODY AND SHRUBBY PLANTS IN THE LANDSCAPES OF AIVAZOVSKY PARK (CRIMEA)." In FORESTRY-BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL PHYTOCOENOSES. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/fbfsnap2024_50-55.

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Aivazovsky Park is located in the Crimea. The park is divided into 10 landscape areas (gardens), which differ in the species composition of plantings, relief and soil and soil conditions. With the help of plant determinants, the types of trees and shrubs in different park landscapes have been identified. It has been established that the composition of landscapes is dominated by forest conifers. The plantings differ in numerical appearance and sanitary condition. Architectural and landscape compositions of plants are presented in the form of arrays, curtains, groups and tapeworms.
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Iohannes, Sessen. "Integrating Landscape Gemics, Association Mapping and Farmers' Preferences for the Selection of Ethiopian teff varieties." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1007201.

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Honjo, Tsuyoshi, Kiyoshi Umeki, Enmi Lim, Dar-Hsiung Wang, Pin-An Yang, and Han-Ching Hsieh. "Landscape Visualization on Google Earth." In 2009 Third International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pma.2009.60.

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He, Xiangfeng, and Wenhe Wang. "Teaching Reform and Practice of Landscape Plant Pathology." In 2021 2nd International Conference on Modern Education Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Social Science (MEMIESS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210728.034.

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Wang, Jinjin. "The Application of Plant Landscape in Interior Design." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/etmhs-16.2016.1.

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Burmakina, E., and Ekaterina Hazova. "LANDSCAPE-ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PARK TERRITORY OF CULTURAL HOUSE 50-YEARS OF OCTOBER, VORONEZH." In Modern problems of animal and plant ecology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mpeapw2021_103-107.

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The results of the landscape-ecological assessment of the park territory of cultural house 50-years of October in Voronezh are presented. This work allows you to determine the state of the object for its further use. This facility is located in the South-West district of the city and is used for recreation of the local population. The indicators of landscape-ecological assessment were determined: type of landscape, type of spatial structure, sanitary-hygienic assessment, aesthetic assessment, stage of digression. The results of the research showed that the site is in a relatively good sanitary condition, the indicator of aesthetic assessment is at a fairly high level. We also studied the plant species, which grow on the object and their condition. The assortment available in the park is represented by the list of woody plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, Betula pendula, Ulmus pumila, Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Populus alba, Populus pyramidalis, Sorbus aucuparia.All woody plants in the park is in good and satisfactory condition. Based on the results of the assessment of the territory, it is possible to outline design measures that will improve the sanitary, hygienic and aesthetic conditions at the facility. There is a need to design small forms of architecture (benches, urns), organize additional planting of trees, pick up flowering shrubs and create flower beds to enhance the attractiveness of the object.
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Yu, J., and H. W. Yan. "Establishment of Plant Landscape Evaluation System for Mausoleum Park." In 2015 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aiie-15.2015.166.

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Zhiming, Tong, and Ma Yun. "Elements of plant color matching in intelligent landscape design." In 2020 International Conference on Intelligent Design (ICID). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icid52250.2020.00052.

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Wu, Yi-fang, and Xi-jun Hu. "Study on the Urban Plant Landscape Diversity in Longyan." In 2012 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2012.6260756.

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Qu, Shen, and Yuan Yao. "Design of Landscape Plant Configuration Based on ANN Technology." In 2021 5th Asian Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technology (ACAIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acait53529.2021.9730890.

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Reports on the topic "Plant landscape"

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Прилипко, Вікторія Вікторівна, and Вікторія Вікторівна Перерва. Таксономічна структура рослинних угруповань ландшафтно-техногенних систем Новокриворізького гірничо-збагачувального комбінату. Львів, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4237.

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The taxonomical structure of the plant communities of the landscape-technogenic systems were found taking the example Novokryvorizky Ore-Dressing Combine. Taxonomical indexes (ratio member family/genus; family/species; genus/species) were found at the plant communities. The complication of the taxonomical structure was determined by using three entropycal indexes.
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Shrestha, B. B., S. Joshi, N. Bisht, S. Yi, R. Kotru, R. P. Chaudhary, and N. Wu. Inventory and Impact Assessment of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape; ICIMOD Working Paper 2018/2. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.724.

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Shrestha, B. B., S. Joshi, N. Bisht, S. Yi, R. Kotru, R. P. Chaudhary, and N. Wu. Inventory and Impact Assessment of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape; ICIMOD Working Paper 2018/2. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.724.

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Rykken, Jessica. Pollinator diversity and floral associations in subarctic sand dunes of Kobuk Valley National Park, Alaska. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302008.

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Active sand dunes in Kobuk Valley National Park are a regionally rare and ecologically distinct landscape feature occurring within the northern boreal biome. The sand dunes harbor a rich diversity of plants, including several rare and disjunct species and the endemic Kobuk locoweed (Oxytropis kobukensis). Pollinators associated with these dune plants have not been studied in Kobuk Valley, despite their essential role in transporting pollen which many plants rely on for successful reproduction. In order to gain a better understanding of pollinator diversity and plant-pollinator associations in this unique ecosystem north of the Arctic Circle, we conducted surveys of bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) and syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in several places along the Kobuk River and in two active dune areas, the Hunt River Dunes and the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, in late June-early July of 2017 and 2019. We used active and passive collecting methods to sample pollinators at 21 different sites and along five walking transects, and we documented plant associations for net-collected specimens. In all, we collected 326 bees and 256 syrphid flies, representing 27 and 37 taxa, respectively. The most abundant and widespread species collected among syrphid flies were Lapposyrpus lapponicus and Eristalis obscura. For bees, three soil-nesting solitary species, Andrena barbilabris, Megachile circumcincta, and Osmia tarsata made up 60% of the total bee catch. Dryas integrifolia, a widespread plant on the dunes, hosted the highest number of bee and syrphid fly taxa (13 and 20, respectively). Bumble bees (Bombus) and megachilid bees (Megachile, Osmia) favored several plants in the Fabaceae family, while mining bees (Andrena) were abundant on Salix species (willow). A high diversity of syrphid flies were collected on the composite Packera ogotorukensis, and Salix species. Our collections indicate that the endemic Oxytropis kobukensis was primarily visited by the mason bee, Osmia tarsata (44% of all visitors) and the leafcutter bee, Megachile circumcincta (27%). Bumble bees (genus Bombus) made up another 13% of all visitors to this plant. Our study confirms that the active sand dunes in Kobuk Valley provide an ecologically unique habitat both for plants and their associated insect pollinators. For example, many of the solitary bees living in the dunes rely on deep sands for nesting and thus are limited in their distribution across Arctic and boreal landscapes.
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Johnson, Charles G., Rodrick R. Clausnitzer, Peter J. Mehringer, and Chadwick D. Oliver. Biotic and abiotic processes in eastside ecosystems: the effects of management on plant and community ecology and on stand and landscape vegetation dynamics. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-322.

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Tooker, Megan, and Adam Smith. Historic landscape management plan for the Fort Huachuca Historic District National Historic Landmark and supplemental areas. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41025.

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The U.S. Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) to provide guidelines and requirements for preserving tangible elements of our nation’s past. This preservation was done primarily through creation of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which contains requirements for federal agencies to address, inventory, and evaluate their cultural resources, and to determine the effect of federal undertakings on properties deemed eligible or potentially eligible for the NRHP. This work inventoried and evaluated the historic landscapes within the National Landmark District at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. A historic landscape context was developed; an inventory of all landscapes and landscape features within the historic district was completed; and these landscapes and features were evaluated using methods established in the Guidelines for Identifying and Evaluating Historic Military Landscapes (ERDC-CERL 2008) and their significance and integrity were determined. Photographic and historic documentation was completed for significant landscapes. Lastly, general management recommendations were provided to help preserve and/or protect these resources in the future.
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Gonzalez Diez, Verónica M. Ex post Evaluation of the Impact of the Environmental Mitigation Measures for the Porce II Hydroelectric Power Plant Project. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010451.

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This evaluation helps to address the need in literature on Environmental Impact Assessment during the monitoring of operations and ex post evaluations. It helps to develop innovative methodologies for ex post environmental assessments for both the IDB and borrowers. The evaluation uses environmental monitoring data for infrastructure projects through an analysis of indicators and their long-term trends. In general, the evaluation results indicate that the Porce II Hydroelectric project's mitigation measures were relevant for four of the environmental aspects considered, with the exception of landscape. The proposed mitigation measures were effective, on the assumption that the environmental quality of the surrounding area would have deteriorated had the project been executed without any mitigation measures. The capacity to implement and keep environmental management measures up to date is considered sustainable thanks to the institutionalization of environmental matters and technical capacity-building by the organization. The IDB also added value to the design of some environmental aspects by requiring specific studies, such as watershed management, water quality and the epidemiological surveillance system.
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Lawrence, David, Mike Tercek, Amber Runyon, and Jeneva Wright. Historical and projected climate change for Grand Canyon National Park and surrounding areas. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301726.

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Globally, anthropogenic climate change is one of the greatest threats to resources in protected areas. This report examines historical and projected climate change across the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape (GGCL), including Grand Canyon National Park. Grand Canyon National Park warmed significantly from 1895-2020 (annual mean increase of 1.89? F/century), with temperatures increasing at a faster rate from 1970-2020 (6.31? F/century). Warming occurred at all elevations and seasons across the GGCL, but rates differed spatially. Average annual total precipitation within Grand Canyon National Park did not change significantly over either period examined (1895-2020; 1970-2020). A variety of changes in the region of Grand Canyon National Park have been detected and attributed, at least in part, to anthropogenic climate change, including reduced soil moisture (and associated drought), reduced Colorado River flow, doubling of the area burned by wildfire across the western United States, reduced regeneration of low-elevation ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir as well as pinyon pine and juniper populations, northward shifts in many bird species distributions and declines of bird species occupancy in the Mojave Desert, and reduced bumble bee species richness and abundance (key pollinators). To help managers understand and plan around a range of plausible future climates, we present two plausible but contrasting climate futures for the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape, characterized at mid-century (2040-2069) and late-century (2070-2099). Examining multiple plausible futures avoids over-optimizing management strategies for a single projected future that may not occur. Overarching patterns that emerged from both climate futures include additional warming (average, as well as extreme temperatures), seasonal increases in extreme precipitation events, fewer freezing days and days with snow, and higher moisture deficit (a correlate with landscape dryness, conditions conducive to fire, and vegetation stress). The selected climate futures differed in terms of 1) the degree of warming, 2) whether winter precipitation increases or decreases, 3) whether annual precipitation increases or stays similar, 4) whether drought conditions increase or decrease, and 5) whether runoff increases or decreases. Runoff is projected to occur earlier under both climate futures and is projected to exhibit a more episodic pattern. Based on a literature review, projected changes to the physical, ecological, and cultural resource domains of the region resulting from anthropogenic climate change include: ? Increasing drought risk and aridification ? Reduced Colorado River flow ? Reduced groundwater infiltration ? Decreasing runoff (from snow or rain) in the spring, summer, and fall, and increasing runoff in the winter ? Increasing occurrence of large fires ? Increasing invasive grasses in the Mojave Desert ecosystems west of the park, providing more fuel for wildfire ? Exacerbated post-fire erosion and sediment in Grand Canyon watersheds ? Increased episodes of drought-induced tree mortality ? Upslope shifts of the elevational zones of pinyon-juniper woodland, ponderosa pine forest, and spruce-fir forest, as well as increases in non-forest areas and aboveground biomass declines ? Reduced abundance of riparian vegetation that tolerates water inundation ? Increasing invasive plant distribution and abundance, favoring their establishment and productivity ? Colonization of the GGCL by some bird species and extirpation of others ? Increasing non-native fish populations relative to native fishes ? Declining butterfly populations ? Increasing temperatures will increase visitation, especially during winter and shoulder seasons ? Exacerbation of existing threats to archeological resources, cultural landscapes, and historic structures, as well as emergent vulnerabilities related to climate change One goal of this work is to support the Resource Stewardship Strategy (RSS) process that Grand Canyon National Park plans to undertake. We anticipate that connecting the climate changes described here to the climate sensitivities of resources within the park will play a critical role in setting goals and strategies during development of the RSS, as well as proactively adapting to anticipated changes.
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Leis, Sherry, Lloyd Morrison, and Tani Hubbard. Long-term trends in prairie vegetation at three national parks: 1998?2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302359.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network has monitored plant communities in National Parks since 1998. Three of those parks in the northern tier of the network?Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (NHS), Homestead National Historical Park (NHP), and Pipestone National Monument (NM)?have reconstructed tallgrass prairie communities and were sampled concurrently in 2022. In this combined report, we describe similarities and differences among the three parks related to current vegetation and trends. Climatically, Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP have similar temperature profiles, but Homestead NHP is drier. Pipestone NM differs from the other two parks in temperature and precipitation. Long-term climatic signals for major drought events varied by park, and moisture at Herbert Hoover NHS is likely to increase with climate change. Precipitation shifts could influence vegetation trends in the future requiring action such as flood mitigations, wildfire protections during prolonged drought, and consideration for species additions to adapt to new climate profiles. Plant composition was similar for Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP while the combination of plant species and abundances at Pipestone NM was different from the other two parks, especially within the Sioux Quartzite community type. There appeared to be some compositional shifts over time for Homestead NHP. That trend was supported by greater species turnover at Homestead NHP than the other two parks. The reconstruction at Homestead NHP is older than that of Herbert Hoover NHS and possibly Pipestone NM, but we are unable to determine the underlying causes of species changes. Quality assessment procedures provided a moderate level of confidence in our data with respect to botanist agreement on identifications. We met our goal of about 80% agreement in species composition. Cover class agreement was greater than?70%, with less than 4% of observations off by more than one class. Native species richness trends varied by park. Herbert Hoover NHS continues to gain native species while Pipestone NM is losing species. Species richness at Homestead NHP did not exhibit a directional trend. Pipestone NM tended to have less cover of forbs and grasses than the other two parks, reflecting the more complex geological landscape with surface rock. Grass abundance appears to be declining from baseline years for all three parks. Grass-like and fern guilds are much less abundant in all the parks than other plant guilds. Woody plants in 2022 were similar at Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP in terms of mean cover and heterogeneity across the prairies, but tree encroachment into the grasslands is a potential concern. Pipestone NM generally had fewer woody plants (including tree seedlings) in 2022, but the amount varied through time. Canopy closure, measured for the first time in 2022, was present in all three parks, but was greatest at Homestead NHP. Nonnative plant cover was the greatest at Pipestone NM, but current abundance at Herbert Hoover NHS was greater in 2022 than baseline years. Homestead NHP consistently had little nonnative plant cover since 2005. Abundance (% cover) of two nonnative grasses of concern?Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis)?differed by park and year. Recent increases in Kentucky bluegrass abundance at Herbert Hoover NHS might reflect changes in management. Although these parks have individual differences in climate as well as in timing and use of management actions, they share similar histories of cultivation and reconstruction. Efforts to restore or reconstruct portions of the prairie at Pipestone NM were unique among the three parks. Future analyses might continue to combine Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP but examine Pipestone NM separately; the unique geologic history and differences in vegetation communities at Pipestone NM may make individual assessment a better option. However, comparing trends in guilds of concern, such as woody and nonnative plants, across all three parks can be helpful for gauging success with management tools in light of regional changes in climate.
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Zimmerman, Ephraim, and Staphanie Perles. Vegetation monitoring in relation to white-tailed deer browsing in First State National Historical Park: 2021 summary report. National Park Service, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299655.

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Baseline information on canopy regeneration and plant community composition is needed in order to better understand white-tailed deer browsing impacts at First State National Historical Park (FRST). In 2021, the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) established 20 permanent vegetation monitoring plots following methods developed by the NPS Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN) to assess and monitor trends in vegetation (Perles et al. 2014b; Perles et al. 2017). These protocols provided an efficient method of assessing the current status of native and non-native vegetation and deer browsing impact. This report documents the methodology used to quantify the vegetative composition of natural areas at FRST and provides a summary of the data collected in the first year of monitoring. This first year’s activities (2021) included the initial baseline vegetation assessment and summary of results from the baseline data analysis. A variety of metrics used to assess the impact of deer browsing on the vegetation were calculated and are presented. A second survey is proposed for 2024. PNHP used the NPS ERMN database and analysis methods (Perles et al. 2014b) to summarize the condition in year 1 (2021). In year 4 (2024), PNHP will investigate changes in the condition of browse-sensitive understory plants and tree seedlings. Plots occurred in a variety of settings, ranging from younger successional communities to more mature forest stands. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the plots occurred in Mature or Late Successional forests. Disturbances and stressors, such as deer browsing can strongly influence future forest structure as open woodlands mature. A large population of white-tailed deer may severely impact succession from the open woodlands towards closed canopy forest. In closed canopy, later successional forests, a large deer population may inhibit canopy tree recruitment leading to regeneration failure. Given that FRST managers desire to maintain the landscape as forest, it is important to maintain an adequate number of seedlings and saplings of tree species to ensure the persistence of canopy of native tree species as Mature and Late Successional Forests continue to age. The 20 permanent sampling plots occurred within 5 plant communities described by Ebert (2016) and were classified using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HAC analysis) and indicator species analysis. The most common plant communities within the group of sampling plots were the Mixed oak – beech forest and Mesic mixed tulip – oak-hickory-beech forest. The remaining plots were found in successional Tuliptree woodland, Successional woodland, and Thicket types. All plots were assigned to these types described in Ebert (2016) and crosswalked to the National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). A total of 128 plant species were recorded from the 20 plots at FRST. Eighteen (18) species were found in over ½ of the plots surveyed, of which eight (8) were non-native. In all, 29 plants occurring in the plots (23% of total species richness) were considered introduced (non-native). Non-native plant cover ranged from 0–98% as measured in the monitoring plot quadrats. Indicators of deer browsing varied by plant community type at FRST. In general, the drier Mixed oak – beech forests showed substantially greater impact of deer browsing and fewer seedlings of canopy species in the understory. FRST monitoring protocols focus on a few plant species considered as preferred food for white-tailed deer. Sustained browsing may be affecting long-term viability of these species within the parks. Based on the status of these regeneration metrics in FRST, we suggest that the forest in FRST are in imminent regeneration failure. We define imminent failure as parks that are experiencing severe regeneration failure and are at risk of forest loss due to very low seedling and sapling abundance, as well as species mismatches between canopy and regeneration layers. Given the poor regeneration of canopy species across all community types at FRST, managers should seek opportunities to conduct adaptive management in the park’s forests, especially mixed oak – beech forest, to experiment with and monitor the effects of fire, browse exclosures, and canopy thinning to encourage native canopy tree regeneration.
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