Journal articles: 'Plant matrix'

1

Connolly, Jon H., and Graeme Berlyn. "The plant extracellular matrix." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-186.

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McCann, MC, B. Penning, A. Olek, and NC Carpita. "The Plant Extracellular Matrix." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S2 (August 2008): 1488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608088843.

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Flinn, Barry S. "Plant extracellular matrix metalloproteinases." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 12 (2008): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08182.

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The plant extracellular matrix (ECM) includes a variety of proteins with critical roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and responses to pests and pathogens. Several studies have shown that various ECM proteins undergo proteolytic modification. In mammals, the extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known modifiers of the ECM, implicated in tissue architecture changes and the release of biologically active and/or signalling molecules. Although plant MMPs have been identified, little is known about their activity and function. Plant MMPs show structural similarity to mammalian MMPs, including the presence of an auto-regulatory cysteine switch domain and a zinc-binding catalytic domain. Plant MMPs are differentially expressed in cells and tissues during plant growth and development, as well as in response to several biotic and abiotic stresses. The few gene expression and mutant analyses to date indicate their involvement in plant growth, morphogenesis, senescence and adaptation and response to stress. In order to gain a further understanding of their function, an analysis and characterisation of MMP proteins, their activity and their substrates during plant growth and development are still required. This review describes plant MMP work to date, as well as the variety of genomic and proteomic methodologies available to characterise plant MMP activity, function and potential substrates.

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Roberts, K. "The plant extracellular matrix." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 1, no. 5 (October 1989): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-0674(89)90074-4.

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Dass, Peter Michael, Joseph Jauro Deshi, Fartisincha Peingurta Andrew, and Buba Mamman Wufem. "Phytochemical screening, quantification and correlation matrix of Nigerian medicinal plant: Waltheria americana." AROC in Natural Products Research 1, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/arocnpr01020916.

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Background: Plant’s kingdom provides new and important leads against various pharmacological targets due to the current wide spread of belief that green medicine is safe and more dependable than the costly synthetic drugs. The medicinal property of plants step from their ability to synthesize aromatic substances and secondary metabolites that are potent bioactive compounds found in medicinal plant parts that are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs. In the present study, the leaf, stem, and root extracts of Waltheria americana were evaluated for phytochemical compositions and their correlation matrix. Methods: Quantitative and quantitative standard methods of analysis were used to evaluate the presence, amount, and the correlationships of the different phytochemicals in the leaf, root and stem of W. americana plant. Results: The quantitative phytochemicals percentage composition of W. americana varied with large ranges for alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, but short ranges occurred of terpenes and cardiac glycosides. Alkaloids had the highest percentage composition and cardiac glycosides showed the lowest for all the plant parts. The stem seems to be the major area of phytochemical production than other parts of the plant, indicating that the stem of W. americana could serve as a major source of phytochemicals in any herbal concoction. “The correlation” of phytochemical constituents, alkaloids and tannins in the leaf were positively and significantly correlated with cardiac glycosides in the stem at 95% confidence respectiely. However, no correlation was observed of any phytochemicals in the other plant. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the production, quantification, and distribution of these phytochemicals were complimentary in nature in Waltheria americana plant, and the shoot may have played a major role in this regard

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Sandhu, Ajay Pal S., Gursharn S. Randhawa, and Kanwarpal S. Dhugga. "Plant Cell Wall Matrix Polysaccharide Biosynthesis." Molecular Plant 2, no. 5 (September 2009): 840–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssp056.

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Haršányová, Terézia, Katarína Bauerová, and Desana Matušová. "Matrix adhesive system containing plant extract." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 149, no. 5 (February 10, 2018): 883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-017-2139-x.

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MATSUDA, YOSHIHIRO. "Matrix Metalloproteases Degrade the Plant Cell Wall." RADIOISOTOPES 46, no. 8 (1997): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.46.595.

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ROWE, A., P. SHAW, A. LARKINS, and G. BUTCHER. "Monoclonal antibodies to the plant nuclear matrix." Cell Biology International Reports 11, no. 3 (March 1987): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(87)90058-0.

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Herrera, José M., Daniel García, and Juan M. Morales. "Matrix effects on plant-frugivore and plant-predator interactions in forest fragments." Landscape Ecology 26, no. 1 (October 20, 2010): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-010-9541-7.

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Leibov, Roman L. "NONLINEAR PLANT PIECEWISE-CONTINUOUS MODEL MATRIX PARAMETERS ESTIMATION." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/1524-5845-2017-13-3-77-85.

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This paper presents a nonlinear plant piecewise-continuous model matrix parameters estimation technique using nonlinear model time responses and random search method. One of piecewise-continuous model application areas is defined. The results of proposed approach application for aircraft turbofan engine piecewisecontinuous model formation are presented

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Dormann, C. F. "On community matrix theory in experimental plant ecology." Web Ecology 8, no. 1 (November 18, 2008): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-8-108-2008.

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Abstract. In multi-species communities the stability of a system is difficult to assess from field observations. This is the case for example for competitive interactions in plant communities. If a mathematical model can be formulated that underlies the processes in the community, a community matrix can be constructed whose elements represent the effects of each species onto every other (and itself) at equilibrium. The most common competition model is the Lotka-Volterra equation set. It contains interspecific competition coefficients to represent the interactions between species. In plant community ecology several attempts have been made to quantify competitive interactions and to assemble a community matrix, so far with limited success. In this paper we discuss a method to use pairwise interaction coefficients from experimental plant communities to analyse feasibility and stability of multi-species sets. The approach is contrasted with that of Wilson and Roxburgh (1992) and is illustrated using data from Roxburgh and Wilson (2000a). Results from Wilson and from this study differ (some times substantially), with our approach being more pessimistic about stability and coexistence in plant communities.

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Barochkin, A. E., V. P. Zhukov, E. V. Barochkin, and G. V. Ledukhovsky. "Matrix formalization of power plant thermal scheme calculation." Vestnik IGEU, no. 6 (2018): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2018.6.066-072.

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Holmes-Davis, Rachel, and Luca Comai. "Nuclear matrix attachment regions and plant gene expression." Trends in Plant Science 3, no. 3 (March 1998): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(98)01198-4.

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Seifert, Georg J., and Claudia Blaukopf. "Irritable Walls: The Plant Extracellular Matrix and Signaling." Plant Physiology 153, no. 2 (February 12, 2010): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.153940.

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Tapson, J., and J. R. Greene. "PLANT DATA VISUALIZATION USING NON-NEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 38, no. 1 (2005): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20050703-6-cz-1902.01814.

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Crone, Elizabeth E., Eric S. Menges, Martha M. Ellis, Timothy Bell, Paulette Bierzychudek, Johan Ehrlén, Thomas N. Kaye, et al. "How do plant ecologists use matrix population models?" Ecology Letters 14, no. 1 (November 12, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01540.x.

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Rongxiang Hu, Wei Jia, Haibin Ling, and Deshuang Huang. "Multiscale Distance Matrix for Fast Plant Leaf Recognition." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 21, no. 11 (November 2012): 4667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2207391.

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Peters, Winfried S., Wolfgang Hagemann, and A. Deri Tomos. "What makes plants different? Principles of extracellular matrix function in ‘soft’ plant tissues." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 125, no. 2 (February 2000): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00177-4.

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Gustaw, Klaudia, Iwona Niedźwiedź, Kamila Rachwał, and Magdalena Polak-Berecka. "New Insight into Bacterial Interaction with the Matrix of Plant-Based Fermented Foods." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071603.

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Microorganisms have been harnessed to process raw plants into fermented foods. The adaptation to a variety of plant environments has resulted in a nearly inseparable association between the bacterial species and the plant with a characteristic chemical profile. Lactic acid bacteria, which are known for their ability to adapt to nutrient-rich niches, have altered their genomes to dominate specific habitats through gene loss or gain. Molecular biology approaches provide a deep insight into the evolutionary process in many bacteria and their adaptation to colonize the plant matrix. Knowledge of the adaptive characteristics of microorganisms facilitates an efficient use thereof in fermentation to achieve desired final product properties. With their ability to acidify the environment and degrade plant compounds enzymatically, bacteria can modify the textural and organoleptic properties of the product and increase the bioavailability of plant matrix components. This article describes selected microorganisms and their competitive survival and adaptation in fermented fruit and vegetable environments. Beneficial changes in the plant matrix caused by microbial activity and their beneficial potential for human health are discussed as well.

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Gnesutta, Nerina, Matteo Chiara, Andrea Bernardini, Matteo Balestra, David S. Horner, and Roberto Mantovani. "The Plant NF-Y DNA Matrix In Vitro and In Vivo." Plants 8, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100406.

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Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) is an evolutionarily conserved trimer formed by a Histone-Fold Domain (HFD) heterodimeric module shared by core histones, and the sequence-specific NF-YA subunit. In plants, the genes encoding each of the three subunits have expanded in number, giving rise to hundreds of potential trimers. While in mammals NF-Y binds a well-characterized motif, with a defined matrix centered on the CCAAT box, the specificity of the plant trimers has yet to be determined. Here we report that Arabidopsis thaliana NF-Y trimeric complexes, containing two different NF-YA subunits, bind DNA in vitro with similar affinities. We assayed precisely sequence-specificity by saturation mutagenesis, and analyzed genomic DNA sites bound in vivo by selected HFDs. The plant NF-Y CCAAT matrix is different in nucleotides flanking CCAAT with respect to the mammalian matrix, in vitro and in vivo. Our data point to flexible DNA-binding rules by plant NF-Ys, serving the scope of adapting to a diverse audience of genomic motifs.

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THOMSON, DIANE M. "Matrix Models as a Tool for Understanding Invasive Plant and Native Plant Interactions." Conservation Biology 19, no. 3 (June 2005): 917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.004108.x.

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23

Peterson, R. Larry, and Hugues B. Massicotte. "Exploring structural definitions of mycorrhizas, with emphasis on nutrient-exchange interfaces." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1074–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-071.

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The roots or other subterranean organs of most plants develop symbioses, mycorrhizas, with fungal symbionts. Historically, mycorrhizas have been placed into seven categories based primarily on structural characteristics. A new category has been proposed for symbiotic associations of some leafy liverworts. An important feature of mycorrhizas is the interface involved in nutrient exchange between the symbionts. With the exception of ectomycorrhizas, in which fungal hyphae remain external to plant cell walls, all mycorrhizas are characterized by fungal hyphae breaching cell walls but remaining separated from the cell cytoplasm by a plant-derived membrane and an interfacial matrix that forms an apoplastic compartment. The chemical composition of the interfacial matrix varies in complexity. In arbuscular mycorrhizas (both Arum-type and Paris-type), molecules typical of plant primary cell walls (i.e., cellulose, pectins, β-1,3-glucans, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins) are present. In ericoid mycorrhizas, only rhamnogalacturonans occur in the interfacial matrix surrounding intracellular hyphal complexes. The matrix around intracellular hyphal complexes in orchid mycorrhizas lacks plant cell wall compounds until hyphae begin to senesce, then molecules similar to those found in primary cell walls are deposited. The interfacial matrix has not been studied in arbutoid mycorrhizas and ectendomycorrhizas. In ectomycorrhizas, the apoplastic interface consists of plant cell wall and fungal cell wall; alterations in these may enhance nutrient transfer. In all mycorrhizas, nutrients must pass into the symplast of both partners at some point, and therefore current research is exploring the nature of the opposing membranes, particularly in relation to phosphorus and sugar transporters.Key words: interface, apoplastic compartment, Hartig net, arbuscule, intracellular complex, nutrient exchange.

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Bagchi, Debjani, Avik Dasgupta, Amit D. Gondaliya, and Kishore S. Rajput. "Insights from the Plant World: A Fractal Analysis Approach to Tune Mechanical Rigidity of Scaffolding Matrix in Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 1141 (August 2016): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1141.57.

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Using a fractal analysis approach to study plant leaf venation and stem sections, we find that plants use very intelligent scaffolding strategies to tune mechanical strength of leaves and stems. Within plant organs, specialized types of tissues with different mechanical properties have evolved. Ideally, the biopolymers cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin present in plant cell walls confer mechanical rigidity to plant tissues, but our studies reveal that the manner these biopolymers are distributed in the tissue matrix hold the key to the mechanical rigidity of the tissues. We have developed an algorithm to determine fractal dimension of the scaffolding matrix and the well-known box counting algorithm to calculate fractal dimensions of leaf venation in high resolution images of reticulate–veined leaves and optical microscope image of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin-stained cross sections of Turbina corymbosa. We found that in leaves with reticulate venation, veins form a scaffolding matrix imparting mechanical rigidity to leaves, and have a fractal dimension close to 1.0 for leaves which have less bending resistance, compared to fractal dimensions close to 1.7 for leaves which have higher bending resistance. Deriving this idea from plants, we use evaporation instability to develop scaffolding matrix with fractal dimensions higher than 1.5 in polymer films. This can form the basis of an efficient strategy to devise thin, stand-alone polymer films with tunable bending stiffness.

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Huang, Ying, Natalia Yaneth Rodriguez-Granados, David Latrasse, Cecile Raynaud, Moussa Benhamed, and Juan Sebastian Ramirez-Prado. "The matrix revolutions: towards the decoding of the plant chromatin three-dimensional reality." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 17 (July 8, 2020): 5129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa322.

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Abstract In recent years, we have witnessed a significant increase in studies addressing the three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization of the plant nucleus. Important advances in chromatin conformation capture (3C)-derived and related techniques have allowed the exploration of the nuclear topology of plants with large and complex genomes, including various crops. In addition, the increase in their resolution has permitted the depiction of chromatin compartmentalization and interactions at the gene scale. These studies have revealed the highly complex mechanisms governing plant nuclear architecture and the remarkable knowledge gaps in this field. Here we discuss the state-of-the-art in plant chromosome architecture, including our knowledge of the hierarchical organization of the genome in 3D space and regarding other nuclear components. Furthermore, we highlight the existence in plants of topologically associated domain (TAD)-like structures that display striking differences from their mammalian counterparts, proposing the concept of ICONS—intergenic condensed spacers. Similarly, we explore recent advances in the study of chromatin loops and R-loops, and their implication in the regulation of gene activity. Finally, we address the impact that polyploidization has had on the chromatin topology of modern crops, and how this is related to phenomena such as subgenome dominance and biased gene retention in these organisms.

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Lee, Taehyun, Eungsu Han, Un-Chul Moon, and Kwang Y. Lee. "Supplementary Control of Air–Fuel Ratio Using Dynamic Matrix Control for Thermal Power Plant Emission." Energies 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010226.

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This paper proposes a supplementary control for tighter control of the air–fuel ratio (AFR), which directly affects the environmental emissions of thermal power plants. Dynamic matrix control (DMC) is applied to the supplementary control of the existing combustion control loops and the conventional double cross limiting algorithm for combustion safety is formulated as constraints in the proposed DMC. The proposed supplementary control is simulated for a 600-MW drum-type power plant and 1000 MW ultra-supercritical once-through boiler power plant. The results show the tight control of the AFR in both types of thermal power plants to reduce environmental emissions.

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Stirling, B. T., J. D. Fischer, and G. R. Ablett. "RCAT MatRix soybean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07142.

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RCAT MatRix is a 2850 crop heat unit (CHU) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivar with excellent yield potential, good lodging resist ance and tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate. It was developed by the Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph, and is adapted to the 2800–3000 CHU areas of Ontario. RCAT MatRix was issued registration number 6000 on 2005 Nov. 01 by the Variety Registration Office, Plant Production Division of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Key words: Soybean, cultivar description

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Frutos, P., A. J. Duncan, and S. A. Young. "The effect of rumen adaptation to oxalic acid on diet choice by goats grazing a spinach/cabbage matrix." BSAP Occasional Publication 20 (1997): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00043500.

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Adaptation of large herbivores to secondary plant compounds found in their food plants may influence their food choice. Plants, which are potentially toxic, may initially be avoided by herbivores but, following sampling and adaptation of detoxification pathways, herbivores may be able to exploit certain toxic plants without detrimental effects. Thus, adaptation of the rumen microbial population can protect the host animal from the toxic effects of plant secondary compounds. Oxalic acid is a plant component found at high concentrations in a range of food plants, such as Beta vulgaris L, and Rumex spp., commonly consumed by ruminants. It is readily degraded in the rumen by Oxalobacter formigenes following a period of adaptation (Allison and Reddy, 1984).

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Albaho, Mohammed S., and James L. Green. "Suaeda salsa, A Desalinating Companion Plant for Greenhouse Tomato." HortScience 35, no. 4 (July 2000): 620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.620.

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To determine its effect on salinity of the growth medium and on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth and yield, the halophyte Suaeda salsa (L.) Pallas, or seepweed, was planted as a companion plant in the closed insulated pallet system (CIPS). In this production system, water moves from a bottom reservoir through capillary wicks to the medium in the root pouch in response to plant uptake. Fertilizers are placed at the top surface of the root matrix, so nutrient ions move downward to the roots by chemical ion diffusion to establish relatively stable chemical gradients within the matrix. Plants were subjected to capillary subirrigation water containing 0 or 4 g·L–1 NaCl. Sodium (Na+) concentration of the root medium at termination was 50% lower when S. salsa was grown in the same pouch with tomato. Sodium concentration was also significantly less in the tomato foliage, but S. salsa did not prevent suppression of growth of tomato plants by NaCl. Suaeda salsa plants reduced blossom end rot of tomato fruit but did not significantly affect fruit weight, number or yield.

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Obayashi, Kei, Taiki Kyotani, Kunihiko Masuda, Yuri Okano, and Hitoshi Masaki. "Inhibitory Effects of the Plant Extracts on Matrix Proteinases." Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan 32, no. 3 (1998): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5107/sccj.32.272.

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Carpita, Nick, Maureen McCann, and Lawrence R. Griffing. "The Plant Extracellular Matrix: News from the Cell's Frontier." Plant Cell 8, no. 9 (September 1996): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3870242.

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Louis, Isabelle, and R. C. Cooke. "Conidial matrix and spore germination in some plant pathogens." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 84, no. 4 (January 1985): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(85)80121-2.

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Tezuka, Takehiko, Akinobu Ota, Sivasundaram Karnan, Katsuhiko Matsuura, Kazuhisa Yokoo, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Davide Vigetti, et al. "The plant alkaloid conophylline inhibits matrix formation of fibroblasts." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 52 (October 30, 2018): 20214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.005783.

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Carpita, N., M. McCann, and L. R. Griffing. "The plant extracellular matrix: news from the cell's frontier." Plant Cell 8, no. 9 (September 1996): 1451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.8.9.1451.

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Farenzena, M., and J. O. Trierweiler. "VARIABILITY MATRIX: A NEW TOOL TOIMPROVE THE PLANT PERFORMANCE." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, no. 2 (2006): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060402-4-br-2902.00893.

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Wilson, J. Bastow, and Stephen H. Roxburgh. "Application of Community Matrix Theory to Plant Competition data." Oikos 65, no. 2 (November 1992): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3545030.

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Rasmusson, Allan G., and Ian M. Møller. "NADP-Utilizing Enzymes in the Matrix of Plant Mitochondria." Plant Physiology 94, no. 3 (November 1, 1990): 1012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.94.3.1012.

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Minguez, A., and S. Moreno Diaz de la Espina. "In SituLocalization of Nucleolin in the Plant Nucleolar Matrix." Experimental Cell Research 222, no. 1 (January 1996): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/excr.1996.0022.

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Pauly, Markus, and Kenneth Keegstra. "Biosynthesis of the Plant Cell Wall Matrix Polysaccharide Xyloglucan." Annual Review of Plant Biology 67, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-112222.

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Roberts, Keith. "The plant extracellular matrix: in a new expansive mood." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 6, no. 5 (October 1994): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-0674(94)90095-7.

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Gabius, H. J. "Organisation and assembly of plant and animal extracellular matrix." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 16 (January 1991): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(91)90106-6.

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Reid, J. S. G. "BIOSYNTHESIS OF POLYSACCHARIDES OF THE PLANT CELL WALL MATRIX." Biochemical Society Transactions 25, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 419S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst025419sc.

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Elsawey, Hend, Sascha Patz, Rahma A. Nemr, Mohamed S. Sarhan, Mervat A. Hamza, Hanan H. Youssef, Mohamed R. Abdelfadeel, et al. "Plant Broth- (Not Bovine-) Based Culture Media Provide the Most Compatible Vegan Nutrition for In Vitro Culturing and In Situ Probing of Plant Microbiota." Diversity 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12110418.

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Plant microbiota support the diversity and productivity of plants. Thus, cultivation-dependent approaches are indispensable for in vitro manipulation of hub taxa. Despite recent advances in high-throughput methods, cultivability is lagging behind other environmental microbiomes, notably the human microbiome. As a plant-based culturing strategy, we developed culture media based on a broth of cooked aqueous mixtures of host plants. This improved the in vitro growth of representative isolates of plant microbiota and extended the in situ recovery of plant microbiota. With clover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of representative isolates confirmed the predominance of Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, and less frequently Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Whereas bovine-based culture media (modified R2A) confined the diversity to Firmicutes, the plant broth-based culture media revealed a wider scope of endophytes beyond rhizobia, i.e., multiple genera such as Chryseobacterium, Cronobacter, Kosakonia, Tsukamurella, and a potentially/presumptive novel species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MADI-TOF) analysis clustered isolates according to their plant niches, the endo-phyllosphere/endo-rhizosphere. We recommend the plant broth for simplicity, reproducibility and perdurable storage, supporting future culturomics applications, good laboratory practice (GLP) and good manufacturing practice (GMP). The strategy creates an “in-situ-similis” vegan nutritional matrix to analyze microbial diversity and reveal novel microbial resources pertinent to biotechnological and environmental applications.

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Hunter, John T. "Differences in Functional Trait Distribution between Inselberg and Adjacent Matrix Floras." International Journal of Ecology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6417913.

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Inselbergs and the adjacent matrix represent extremes of different environmental conditions and should shed light on the changing allocation of plant resources across strong and abrupt resource gradients. Here I use collated life history trait data from 840 taxa found within typical insular inselberg and adjacent matrix floras from the New England Batholith region of eastern Australia. These species were sorted into guilds of specificity to the inselberg environment. Scored traits include life form, plant height, leaf area, fruit size, seed size, mono- or polycarpy, underground storage organs, regenerative/clonality, and flowering phenology. With reduced water and nutrient resources, typical of inselbergs, allocation of plant resources to vegetative reproduction and storage organs is a disadvantage. Plants restricted to inselbergs were shorter, usually polycarpic shrubs, with smaller leaves, fruits, and seeds. Flowering time was found to be earlier and reduced in length; diaspores often have dormancy and are dispersed locally in comparison to the matrix. The results show that with limited resources the creation of underground storage organs or vegetative reproduction becomes unviable on habitats characterised by shallow soil. Inselberg taxa of the study region are likely to be under greater threat than the matrix due to anthropogenic climate change.

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Teja, Venigalla Sai, Chilakapati Srinivas, and P. Radhika. "Plant Disease Detection and Classification Using Bacteria Foraging Optimization Algorithm Through Convolution Neural Network." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 3567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9233.

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Humans can recognize the plants infected by diseases but separated from our visual perception it is hard to recognize plant diseases. In croplands without taking the right care and prompt action, the entire field may become a region afflicted by diseases. So we identify the plant diseases ahead of time with the assistance of present-day computer technologies. An advanced model was introduced to accurately recognize and classification plant diseases. Here we proposed an approach that can use the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on BFOA for distinguishing diseases in plants. The input picture for the extraction of features is divided into 3 clusters by the Euclidean distance measurement metric of the k-mean algorithm and from the ROI, parameters of the GLCM matrix are calculated in the same cluster prior to BFOA. Assigning matrix parameters as BFOA input improves the network’s accuracy and efficiency in determining. In classification, we proposed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using ResNet50 as a pre-trained network in deep learning toolbox which classifies from a given dataset. The approach is more reliable as the detection and classification of plant diseases are more precise.

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Burzynski-Chang, Elizabeth A., Imelda Ryona, Bruce I. Reisch, Itay Gonda, Majid R. Foolad, James J. Giovannoni, and Gavin L. Sacks. "HS-SPME-GC-MS Analyses of Volatiles in Plant Populations—Quantitating Compound × Individual Matrix Effects." Molecules 23, no. 10 (September 23, 2018): 2436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102436.

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Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is widely employed for volatile analyses of plants, including mapping populations used in plant breeding research. Studies often employ a single internal surrogate standard, even when multiple analytes are measured, with the assumption that any relative changes in matrix effects among individuals would be similar for all compounds, i.e., matrix effects do not show Compound × Individual interactions. We tested this assumption using individuals from two plant populations: an interspecific grape (Vitis spp.) mapping population (n = 140) and a tomato (Solanum spp.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n = 148). Individual plants from the two populations were spiked with a cocktail of internal standards (n = 6, 9, respectively) prior to HS-SPME-GC-MS. Variation in the relative responses of internal standards indicated that Compound × Individual interactions exist but were different between the two populations. For the grape population, relative responses among pairs of internal standards varied considerably among individuals, with a maximum of 249% relative standard deviation (RSD) for the pair of [U13C]hexanal and [U13C]hexanol. However, in the tomato population, relative responses of internal standard pairs varied much less, with pairwise RSDs ranging from 8% to 56%. The approach described in this paper could be used to evaluate the suitability of using surrogate standards for HS-SPME-GC-MS studies in other plant populations.

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Healy, Rosaria A., Harry T. Horner, and Charlotte R. Bronson. "Visual characterization of the extracellular matrix of Cochliobolus heterostrophus and a mutant strain with a modified matrix." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-145.

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Two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) and a film secreted outside the layers were visualized on germlings of Cochliobolus heterostrophus Drechsler grown on glass slides, cellophane membranes, and the surface of maize leaves. A mutant of C. heterostrophus, less virulent than the wild type, possessed the inner layer of ECM and the film, but not the outer layer. Using cytochemical and morphological methods, we explored the hypothesis that the reduced virulence of the mutant in leaves was due to the absence of the outer layer of the ECM. All ECMs were characterized using ruthenium red fixation, cryopreservation, immunocytochemistry, and colloidal gold labeling, before being examined with light and electron microscopy. With immunocytochemistry, antigens were localized in islands stained with ruthenium red within the scaffolding of the outer layer of the wild-type ECM on leaf surfaces and within the leaf. In the mutant, antigens were localized in the film on leaf surfaces. Comparisons between leaves infected by the two strains showed hyphae to be enclosed within material interpreted to be host response within intercellular spaces of leaves infected by the mutant, but not the wild type.Key words: Cochliobolus, cytochemistry, extracellular matrix, microscopy, mutant, virulence.

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Giho, Hitomi, and Hiromi Seno. "Transition matrix modelling on disturbance-controlled persistence of plant population." Ecological Modelling 94, no. 2-3 (January 1997): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(96)00020-8.

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Cantu, Dario, Ariel R. Vicente, John M. Labavitch, Alan B. Bennett, and Ann L. T. Powell. "Strangers in the matrix: plant cell walls and pathogen susceptibility." Trends in Plant Science 13, no. 11 (November 2008): 610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2008.09.002.

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Geraert, E. "The origin of the gelatinous matrix in plant parasitic nematodes." Nematologica 40, no. 1-4 (1994): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/003525994x00102.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plant matrix'

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