Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plant Peptide Hormones

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Plant Peptide Hormones'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Plant Peptide Hormones"

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Motomitsu, Ayane, Shinichiro Sawa, and Takashi Ishida. "Plant peptide hormone signalling." Essays in Biochemistry 58 (September 15, 2015): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0580115.

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The ligand–receptor-based cell-to-cell communication system is one of the most important molecular bases for the establishment of complex multicellular organisms. Plants have evolved highly complex intercellular communication systems. Historical studies have identified several molecules, designated phytohormones, that function in these processes. Recent advances in molecular biological analyses have identified phytohormone receptors and signalling mediators, and have led to the discovery of numerous peptide-based signalling molecules. Subsequent analyses have revealed the involvement in and contribution of these peptides to multiple aspects of the plant life cycle, including development and environmental responses, similar to the functions of canonical phytohormones. On the basis of this knowledge, the view that these peptide hormones are pivotal regulators in plants is becoming increasingly accepted. Peptide hormones are transcribed from the genome and translated into peptides. However, these peptides generally undergo further post-translational modifications to enable them to exert their function. Peptide hormones are expressed in and secreted from specific cells or tissues. Apoplastic peptides are perceived by specialized receptors that are located at the surface of target cells. Peptide hormone–receptor complexes activate intracellular signalling through downstream molecules, including kinases and transcription factors, which then trigger cellular events. In this chapter we provide a comprehensive summary of the biological functions of peptide hormones, focusing on how they mature and the ways in which they modulate plant functions.
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Kaufmann, Christine, and Margret Sauter. "Sulfated plant peptide hormones." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 16 (June 20, 2019): 4267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz292.

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Abstract Sulfated peptides are plant hormones that are active at nanomolar concentrations. The sulfation at one or more tyrosine residues is catalysed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST), which is encoded by a single-copy gene. The sulfate group is provided by the co-substrate 3´-phosphoadenosine 5´-phosphosulfate (PAPS), which links synthesis of sulfated signaling peptides to sulfur metabolism. The precursor proteins share a conserved DY-motif that is implicated in specifying tyrosine sulfation. Several sulfated peptides undergo additional modification such as hydroxylation of proline and glycosylation of hydroxyproline. The modifications render the secreted signaling molecules active and stable. Several sulfated signaling peptides have been shown to be perceived by leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) but have signaling pathways that, for the most part, are yet to be elucidated. Sulfated peptide hormones regulate growth and a wide variety of developmental processes, and intricately modulate immunity to pathogens. While basic research on sulfated peptides has made steady progress, their potential in agricultural and pharmaceutical applications has yet to be explored.
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Gancheva, M. S., Yu V. Malovichko, L. O. Poliushkevich, I. E. Dodueva, and L. A. Lutova. "Plant Peptide Hormones." Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 66, no. 2 (March 2019): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1021443719010072.

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Matsushima, Norio, Hiroki Miyashita, Shinsuke Tamaki, and Robert H. Kretsinger. "Polyproline II Helix as a Recognition Motif of Plant Peptide Hormones and Flagellin Peptide flg22." Protein & Peptide Letters 26, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866526666190408125441.

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Background: Plant peptide hormones play a crucial role in plant growth and development. A group of these peptide hormones are signaling peptides with 5 - 23 amino acids. Flagellin peptide (flg22) also elicits an immune response in plants. The functions are expressed through recognition of the peptide hormones and flg22. This recognition relies on membrane localized receptor kinases with extracellular leucine rich repeats (LRR-RKs). The structures of plant peptide hormones - AtPep1, IDA, IDL1, RGFs 1- 3, TDIF/CLE41 - and of flg22 complexed with LRR domains of corresponding LRRRKs and co-receptors SERKs have been determined. However, their structures are well not analyzed and characterized in detail. The structures of PIP, CEP, CIF, and HypSys are still unknown. Objective: Our motivation is to clarify structural features of these plant, small peptides and Flg22 in their bound states. Methods: In this article, we performed secondary structure assignments and HELFIT analyses (calculating helix axis, pitch, radius, residues per turn, and handedness) based on the atomic coordinates from the crystal structures of AtPep1, IDA, IDL1, RGFs 1- 3, TDIF/CLE41 - and of flg22. We also performed sequence analysis of the families of PIP, CEP, CIF, and HypSys in order to predict their secondary structures. Results: Following AtPep1 with 23 residues adopts two left handed polyproline helices (PPIIs) with six and four residues. IDA, IDL1, RGFs 1 - 2, and TDIF/CLE41 with 12 or 13 residues adopt a four residue PPII; RGF3 adopts two PPIIs with four residues. Flg22 with 22 residues also adopts a six residue PPII. The other peptide hormones – PIP, CEP, CIF, and HypSys – that are rich in proline or hydroxyproline presumably prefer PPII. Conclusion: The present analysis indicates that PPII helix in the plant small peptide hormones and in flg22 is crucial for recognition of the LRR domains in receptors.
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Hsiao, Yu-Chun, and Masashi Yamada. "The Roles of Peptide Hormones and Their Receptors during Plant Root Development." Genes 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010022.

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Peptide hormones play pivotal roles in many physiological processes through coordinating developmental and environmental cues among different cells. Peptide hormones are recognized by their receptors that convey signals to downstream targets and interact with multiple pathways to fine-tune plant growth. Extensive research has illustrated the mechanisms of peptides in shoots but functional studies of peptides in roots are scarce. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be involved in stress-related events. However, recent studies have shown that they are also associated with many processes that regulate plant development. Here, we focus on recent advances in understanding the relationships between peptide hormones and their receptors during root growth including outlines of how ROS are integrated with these networks.
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Matsubayashi, Yoshikatsu, and Youji Sakagami. "PEPTIDE HORMONES IN PLANTS." Annual Review of Plant Biology 57, no. 1 (June 2006): 649–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144204.

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Hirakawa, Yuki, Keiko U. Torii, and Naoyuki Uchida. "Mechanisms and Strategies Shaping Plant Peptide Hormones." Plant and Cell Physiology 58, no. 8 (May 10, 2017): 1313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcx069.

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Jeon, Byeong Wook, Min-Jung Kim, Shashank K. Pandey, Eunkyoo Oh, Pil Joon Seo, and Jungmook Kim. "Recent advances in peptide signaling during Arabidopsis root development." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 8 (February 17, 2021): 2889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab050.

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Abstract Roots provide the plant with water and nutrients and anchor it in a substrate. Root development is controlled by plant hormones and various sets of transcription factors. Recently, various small peptides and their cognate receptors have been identified as controlling root development. Small peptides bind to membrane-localized receptor-like kinases, inducing their dimerization with co-receptor proteins for signaling activation and giving rise to cellular signaling outputs. Small peptides function as local and long-distance signaling molecules involved in cell-to-cell communication networks, coordinating root development. In this review, we survey recent advances in the peptide ligand-mediated signaling pathways involved in the control of root development in Arabidopsis. We describe the interconnection between peptide signaling and conventional phytohormone signaling. Additionally, we discuss the diversity of identified peptide–receptor interactions during plant root development.
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Germain, Hugo, Eric Chevalier, and Daniel P. Matton. "Plant bioactive peptides: an expanding class of signaling molecules." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-162.

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Until recently, our knowledge of intercellular signaling in plants was limited to the so-called five classical plant hormones: auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscissic acid. Other chemical compounds like sterols and lipids have also been recognized as signaling molecules in plants, but it was only recently discovered that peptides in plants, as in animal cells, play crucial roles in various aspects of growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and self/non-self recognition in sporophytic self-incompatibility. These peptides are often part of a very large gene family whose members show diverse, sometime overlapping spatial and temporal expression patterns, allowing them to regulate different aspects of plant growth and development. Only a handful of peptides have been linked to a bona fide receptor, thereby activating a cascade of events. Since these peptides have been thoroughly reviewed in the past few years, this review will focus on the small putative plant signaling peptides, some often disregarded in the plant peptide literature, which have been shown through biochemical or genetic studies to play important roles in plants.
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Yamada, Masashi, and Shinichiro Sawa. "The roles of peptide hormones during plant root development." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 16, no. 1 (February 2013): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2012.11.004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plant Peptide Hormones"

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Bastian, René. "Characterisation of AtPNP-A - a novel arabidopsis thaliana gene with role in water and salt homeostasis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2818.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Plant natriuretic peptides (PNPs) are a novel class of extracellular, systemically mobile molecules that elicit a number of plant responses important in homeostasis and growth. Natriuretic peptides were first identified in vertebrates where they play a role in the regulation of salt and water balance. Subsequent experimental investigations have identified the presence of a natriuretic peptide hormone system in plants. While PNPs have been implicated in various physiological responses such as stomatal guard cell movements and regulation of net water uptake, its biological role has remained elusive. Here we have used co-expression and promoter content analysis tools to understand the biological role of the Arabidopsis thaliana PNP (AtPNP-A). The analysis of AtPNP-A and its co-expressed genes revealed that genes annotated as part of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway were over-represented, thus suggesting that AtPNP-A may function as a component of plant defense responses and specifically, SAR. The results further show that AtPNP-A shares many characteristics with pathogenesis related (PR) proteins in that its transcription is strongly induced in response to pathogen challenges, thus implying a newly described role for AtPNP-A in pathogen attack. Additional tissue expression analysis also indicated distinct localization of PNP activity in sepals and transcriptional meta-analysis showed that AtPNP-A may play a role in starch breakdown. Therefore, together with the finding that AtPNP-A plays a role in regulating phloem transport, we also hypothesize that AtPNP-A may play a role in phloem unloading in sepals to assist processes such as seed formation in plants. In plants, the second messenger, guanosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) mediates a whole range of important processes including salinity tolerance, disease resistance, drought tolerance and responses to light. Since PNPs regulate water and salt homeostasis via a cGMP-dependent signaling pathways, it is thus important to analyse the transcriptome induced by the second messenger (cGMP) in Arabidopsis thaliana to give a better understanding of its mechanism of action. This study was also supplemented by the analysis of the gibberellic acid (GA) dependent transcriptome, since cGMP also plays a role its transcription pathway. This data analysis, together with promoter content investigation, revealed that genes upregulated after cGMP treatment and down-regulated in the GA insensitive mutant (ga1-3) were enriched with a GA response element (GARE), while no GARE enrichment were observed in genes up-regulated in the ga1-3 mutant. These findings suggest that GARE is indicative of GA-induced and cGMP-dependent transcriptional up-regulation. Gene ontology analysis confirmed previous reports that cGMP is involved in ion homeostasis and indicated that the transcriptional cGMP response is bi-polar in the sense that both genes up- and down-regulated in response to cGMP is involved in cation transport. Additionally, ab initio analysis of genes transcriptionally dependent on cGMP identified CHX8 as a hub gene and promoter content of CHX8 co-expressed genes show enrichment of the GARE motif. The fact that CHX8 has its highest expression levels during male gametogenesis and pollen tube growth, together with our findings, suggest that GA-induced and cGMP- dependent genes may play a key role in ion and water homeostasis in the male gametophyte. Finally, we propose that the type of analysis undertaken here can yield new insights into gene regulation networks and inform experimental strategies to unravel complex transcription regulatory systems under different developmental and stimulus specific conditions.
South Africa
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Hove, Runyararo Memory. "Evolutionary development and functional role of plant natriuretic peptide (PNP)-B." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/155.

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Plant natriuretic peptides (PNP) are novel peptides which, like in vertebrates, have been shown to have a function associated with water and salt homeostasis. Two PNP-encoding genes have been identified and isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana, namely; AtPNP-A and AtPNP-B. In this study, the focus was on PNP-B, which has not been extensively studied. Bioinformatic analysis was done on the AtPNP-B gene. This included the bioinformatic study of its primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) and its relation to other known proteins. The AtPNP-B gene was shown to be a 510 bp long, including a predicted 138 bp intron. AtPNP-B was also shown to have some sequence similarity with AtPNP-A and CjBAp12. The TFBS for AtPNP-B and OsJPNP-B were compared and they comprised of TFBS that are related to water homeostasis and pathogenesis. This suggested two possible functions; water stress and homeostasis and a pathogenesis related function for PNP-B. Following bioinformatic analysis, the heterologous expression of the AtPNP-B was attempted to investigate whether the AtPNP-B gene encoded a functional protein and to determine the functional role of PNP-B. However, expression was unsuccessful. An evolutionary study was then carried out which revealed that there were some plants without the intron such as, rice, leafy spurge, oilseed rape, onion, poplar, sugar cane, sunflower and tobacco. These plants would therefore be used for expression and functional studies in the future. The evolutionary studies also revealed that PNP-B had a relationship with expansins and the endoglucanase family 45. Other PNP-B related molecules were also obtained from other plant genomes and therefore used in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree revealed that AtPNP-B clustered in the same group as CjBAp12 while AtPNP-A had its own cluster group. There were also other PNP-B like molecules that clustered in the same group as expansins (α- and β-). Thus, we postulate that, like PNP-A, PNP-B also has a possible function in water and salt homeostasis. However, due to the clustering iii of AtPNP-B into the same group as CjBAp12, a possible role of PNP-B in pathogenesis-related response is also postulated.
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Pharmawati, Made, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "A study of the natriuretic peptide hormone system in plants." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060727.145040.

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In this study, both physiological and cellular effects are elicited by natriuretic peptides (NPs), a novel type of plant hormone. It was found that rat ANP (rANP) influenced stomatal opening movement in Tradescantia sp., where a significant increase in stomatal opening was observed in the presence of 1 µM rANP. Furthermore, this effect is mediated by cGMP, a (putative) second messenger of NPs. Two inhibitors of guanylyl cyclase, LY 83583 and methylene blue, inhibited rANP-induced stomatal opening. In contrast, stomatal opening is induced in a concentration dependent manner by the cell permeant cGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP. In addition it was found, that like in animals, the secondary structure of rANP is essential for rANP responses. Linearised rANP is biologically inactive. Since ANP elicit plant responses, an attempt was made to isolate NP analogues from plants. A protocol for partially purifying NP from plants was developed. It was found that two fractions eluted from an immunoaffinity chromatography column (0.5 M KCI eluted fraction and 0.75 M KCI eluted fraction) were biologically active. The level of cGMP in response to NPs was also tested. It is suggested that the receptor of NP is specific since only 0.75 M KCI eluted fractions increased cGMP levels in Zea mays root stele tissue. rANP did not elicit an effect on cGMP levels in this tissue and LY 83583 did not affect this response. It is therefore argued that a plant specific biologically active NP system is present in the stele and it is predicted that NPs modulate solute movement in this tissue. NPs also influence K+, Na+ and H+ fluxes in Zea mays root stele. Increase in both K+ and Na+ uptake were observed after 30 min., while H+ flux shifted immediately toward influx in the presence of both 0.5 and 0.75 KCI eluted fractions. Finally, a model is proposed for the effect of NPs on solute movement and its signalling system in plants.
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Fiori, Celso Spada. "Identificação e caracterização de componentes da via de transdução de sinais do peptídeo hormonal RALF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-20102010-111024/.

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As pesquisas com os peptídeos hormonais de plantas se iniciaram na década de noventa com a descoberta da sistemina. Hoje existem diversos peptídeos identificados, e alguns deles já em avançado estágio de caracterização. O envolvimento desta classe de moléculas em diversas funções básicas e específicas da biologia dos vegetais despertou o interesse da comunidade científica. Dentre os peptídeos em fase de caracterização, destacam-se os representantes da família RALF. Os peptídeos RALF estão presentes em basicamente todo o reino vegetal, desde o musgo Physcomitrela pattens até as plantas superiores mono e dicotiledôneas. A conservação destes peptídeos no reino vegetal sugere um importante papel na fisiologia vegetal, e evidências recentes indicam a participação de RALF em processos básicos do desenvolvimento das plantas. O mecanismo pelo qual o peptídeo RALF atua e é percebido pela célula constitui etapa fundamental para sua caracterização funcional. Para tanto, no presente trabalho foram empregadas técnicas para identificação de proteínas de interação com RALF. Os resultados indicam que este peptídeo possivelmente tem sua atividade regulada pelo íon cálcio, através da interação com uma proteína de ligação a cálcio que, assim como o RALF, é secretada para o apoplasto. Estes dados colocam RALF em um cenário até o momento inédito no mecanismo de ação hormonal em plantas. A exemplo de animais e leveduras, observou-se também que o processamento de RALF ocorre em um sítio dibásico. A mutação de um dos aminoácidos deste sítio foi suficiente para impedir processamento do peptídeo in vivo e in vitro. A utilização de extratos protéicos da fração microsomal de Arabidopsis no ensaio in vitro indica que esta atividade é desempenhada por uma protease presente no sistema de endomembranas celular, provavelmente da classe das convertases. Os resultados publicados marcam o início dos estudos de caracterização do processamento de prohormônios em plantas.
The peptide hormone research has begun during the 90s decade with the systemin discovery. Nowadays several peptides have already been identified, and some of them are further characterized. The involvement of these molecules with a range of basic and specific biological functions has raised the scientific communitys interest. Among the peptides being studied, the RALF family is particularly intriguing. The RALF peptides can be found throughout the plant kingdom, from the moss Physcomitrella patens to the mono and dicot plant groups. The conserved occurrence of these peptides along the plant kingdom suggests an important role in the plant physiology field. Recent evidences indicate that RALF plays a role in basic mechanisms of plant development. The RALF mechanism of action and its perception by the cell are fundamental information in order to characterize this peptide function. In the present work experiments to identify RALF interacting proteins were employed. The results indicate that RALF peptides activity is possibly regulated by the calcium ion. This regulation is mediated by the interaction with a calcium binding protein. This calcium binding protein was found to be secreted to the apoplast. Presented data suggests that RALF is regulated by a mechanism never described before in the plant hormone research field. As previously described in animals and yeast the RALF propeptide processing takes place in a dibasic site. A single amino acid site specific mutation disrupted peptide processing in vivo and in vitro. The correct processing is mediated by proteases of the Arabidopsis microsomal fraction. This processing seems to occur at the endomembrane system, possibly catalized by a convertase class enzyme. The published results points the beginning of the peptide processing studies in plants.
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Abad, Juan Carlos Guerrero. "Identificação da subtilase responsável pelo processamento do prepopeptídeo AtRALF1 em Arabidopsis thaliana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-09022012-162000/.

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Desde a década de 90, uma nova família de moléculas de origem protéica e com características hormonais vem sendo estudada em plantas. Esse grupo de novas moléculas, coletivamente chamado de peptídeos hormonais, está envolvido com defesa, reprodução, crescimento e desenvolvimento. RALF, que é um desses novos peptídeos, é ubíquo em plantas e está envolvido com desenvolvimento vegetal. Em Arabidopsis existem 34 genes semelhantes ao RALF (AtRALFs). Nosso grupo mostrou que AtRALF1 é processado de um precursor maior por uma subtilase. Arabidopsis possui 56 subtilases, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a subtilase responsável pelo processamento do AtRALF1. Predição da localização subcelular e análise da expressão in silico, ambas confirmadas por análise da expressão por RT-PCR e fusões proteicas com a proteína verde fluorescente, permitiram reduzir para sete o número de subtilases candidatas. Cruzamentos entre mutantes nocaute ou plantas de baixa expressão por RNAi dessas sete subtilases com plantas superexpressoras do AtRALF1 identificaram as subtilases AtSBT6.1 (At5g19660) e AtSBT5.3 (At2g04160) como prováveis envolvidas no processamento do prepropeptídeo AtRALF1.
Since the 90s, a new family of molecules of protein origin and with hormone characteristics has been studied in plants. This group of new molecules, collectively named peptide hormones, is involved in defense, reproduction, growth and development. RALF, one of these peptides, is ubiquitous in plants and is involved in plant development. In Arabidopsis there are 34 RALF-like genes (AtRALFs). Our group has shown that AtRALF1 is processed from a larger precursor by a subtilase. Arabidopsis has 56 subtilases, our goal is the identification of the specific subtilase that is responsible for the AtRALF1 processing. Prediction of subcelular localization and in silico gene expression analysis, both confirmed by RT-PCR expression analysis and chimeric proteins with green-fluorescent protein, allowed the reduction of the initial 56 candidates to only 7 subtilases. Crosses between knockout mutants or RNAi plants expressing low levels of subtilases with overexpressors of AtRALF1 identified the subtilases AtSBT6.1 (At5g19660) and AtSBT5.3 (At2g04160) as potentialy involved in the prepropeptide AtRALF1 processing.
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Ruzvidzo, Oziniel. "Plant Natriuretic Peptides - Elucidation of the Mechanisms of Action." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5854_1285860491.

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Several lines of cellular and physiological evidence have suggested the presence of a novel class of systemically mobile plant molecules that are recognized by antibodies generated against vertebrate atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs). Functional characterization of these immunoanalogues, referred to as immunoreactive plant natriuretic peptides (irPNPs) or plant natriuretic peptides (PNPs), has shown that they play important roles in a number of cellular processes crucial for plant growth and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Although the various biological roles of PNPs in plants are known, their exact mode of action remains elusive. To elucidate the mechanisms of action for these immunoanalogues, we have prepared a biologically active recombinant PNP from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPNP-A) and the biological activity was demonstrated by showing its ability to induce water uptake into Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. In addition, the molecule was shown to downregulate photosynthesis while at the same time up-regulating respiration, transpiration as well as net water uptake and retention capacities in the sage Plectranthus ecklonii. Further analysis of the recombinant AtPNP-A indicated that the peptide can induce systemic response signalling though the phloem. A recombinant Arabidopsis wall associated kinase-like protein (AtWAKL10) that has a domain organization resembling that of vertebrate natriuretic peptide (NP) receptors was also partially characterized as a possible receptor for the recombinant AtPNP-A. Vertebrate NP receptors contain an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular guanylate cyclase (GC)/kinase domain and signal through the activity of their GC domain that is capable of generating intracellular cGMP from GTP. The structural resemblance of AtWAKL10 to vertebrate NP receptors could suggest a functional homology with receptor molecules and it is conceivable that such a receptor may recognize PNPs as ligands. The characterization of the recombinant AtWAKL10 showed that the molecule functions as both a GC and a kinase in vitro. This strengthened the suggestion that AtWAKL10 could be a possible AtPNP-A receptor especially considering the fact that AtPNP-A applications to plant cells also
trigger cGMP transients. Furthermore, a bioinformatic analysis of the functions of AtPNP-A and AtWAKL10 has inferred both molecules in plant pathogen responses and defense mechanisms, thus indirectly functionally linking the two proteins.

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Norberg, Åke. "Isolation and characterization of regulatory peptides and bioactive compounds /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-882-3/.

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Sugano, Shigeo S. "Identification of stomagen, a novel plant peptide hormone, and its function in stomatal development." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175154.

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Bergonci, Tábata. "Análise funcional dos peptídeos RALF em Arabidopsis: avaliação do efeito do hormônio brassinolide em plantas superexpressoras e silenciadas para os genes AtRALF1 e AtRALF34." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-29052012-104800/.

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A exemplo do que ocorre em animais, peptídeos hormonais em plantas desempenham papéis importantes no crescimento, desenvolvimento e defesa. RALF é um peptídeo hormonal ubíquo em plantas que foi primeiramente isolado de folhas de tabaco. Embora não se saiba exatamente sua função, as informações até agora existentes apontam para um envolvimento com aspectos básicos da biologia celular, provavelmente alongamento celular. Peptídeos RALF em Arabidopsis são encontrados em uma família multigênica de 37 membros. Plantas transgênicas superexpressando o AtRALF1 sob o controle do forte promotor constitutivo 35S, mostram um fenótipo semi-anão e inibição do crescimento das raízes. Um fenótipo semelhante também foi observado quando o AtRALF23 foi superexpresso. O AtRALF23, ao contrário do AtRALF1, tem sua expressão inibida por brassinosteróides. Esses fatos sugerem que diferentes peptídeos hormonais RALF, apesar de convergirem para a mesma função, apresentam uma relação individualizada com outros hormônios. O objetivo desse trabalho foi contribuir para a determinação da função dos peptídeos RALF em plantas e para o esclarecimento da inter-relação existente entre eles e os demais hormônios vegetais. Para tal, selecionou-se as isoformas AtRALF1 e AtRALF34 com base em semelhança/dessemelhança estrutural e padrão de expressão. Plantas silenciadas e com altos níveis de expressão para ambos os genes foram obtidas e avaliadas. A construção gênica AtRALF1-GFP foi inserida em Arabidopsis sob o controle do promotor 35S e foi observada fluorescência no retículo endoplasmático, complexo de Golgi e apoplasto. Genes anteriormente reportados como induzidos em plantas 35S:AtRALF1 foram validados e utilizados em experimentos com o AtRALF1 e o brassinolide. O conjunto dos resultados sugere um efeito antagônico do peptídeo AtRALF1 com relação ao efeito do brassinolide no alongamento de hipocótilos e raízes. Plantas com altos níveis de AtRALF1 são resistentes a aplicação exógena de brassinolide, não exibindo as respostas características do hormônio esteróide. O antagonismo entre os dois hormônios também foi sugerido pela análise da expressão de genes que são induzidos por AtRALF1 e brassinolide.
Like in animals, plant peptide hormones play important roles in growth, development and defense. RALF is a peptide hormone ubiquitous in plants that was first isolated from tobacco leaves. Although its function has not been established, the information gathered so far suggest its involvement with basic aspects of cellular biology, probably cellular elongation. RALF peptides in Arabidopsis are found in a multigene family of 37 members. Transgenic plants overexpressing AtRALF1 under the control of the strong constitutive promoter 35S, show a semi-dwarf phenotype and root growth inhibition. A similar phenotype was also observed when AtRALF23 was overexpressed. AtRALF23, as opposed to AtRALF1, is inhibited by brassinosteroids. These facts suggest that different RALF peptide hormones, despite the convergence to the same function, show a unique relationship with other hormones. The goal of this work was to contribute to the determination of the function of RALF peptides in plants and to clarify the inter-relationship between RALF and the other plant hormones. With that in mind, the isoforms AtRALF1 and AtRALF34 were selected based on primary structure similarity/dissimilarity and pattern of gene expression. Plants with high levels of expression or silenced for both genes were obtained and evaluated. The gene construct AtRALF1-GFP was introduced in Arabidopsis under the control of the 35S promoter and fluorescence was observed in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and apoplast. Genes previously reported as induced in 35S:AtRALF1 plants were validated and used in AtRALF1 peptide and brassinolide experiments. Taken together our results suggest an antagonistic effect of the peptide AtRALF1 regarding the elongation effect of brassinolide in hypocotyls and roots. Plants with high levels of AtRALF1 are resistant to exogenously applied brassinolide, and do not show typical responses to the steroid hormone. The antagonism between the two hormones was also suggested by the gene expression analysis of the AtRALF1 and brassinolide inducible genes.
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Mingossi, Fabiana Bombonato. "Análise da expressão gênica dos peptídeos hormonais RALF em cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-14042009-082857/.

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Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) pertence a uma crescente família de peptídeos com características hormonais em plantas. Inicialmente isolado de folhas de plantas de tabaco, peptídeos RALF podem ser encontrados em todo reino vegetal e são expressos em plantas ubiquamente. Plantas de cana-de-açúcar apresentam quatro isoformas dos genes SacRALF e foi identificado que o gene SacRALF1 é expresso predominantemente. Transcritos de SacRALF1 são abundantes nas zonas de elongação de pontas de raízes, e todos os quatro genes SacRALF são mais expressos em folhas jovens e em expansão do que em folhas expandidas. Nos limbos foliares, transcritos dos genes SacRALF foram encontrados em alta concentração na parte basal da folha e baixa concentração na porção apical. O conjunto das análises de expressão gênica neste estudo sugerem que a expressam dos genes SacRALF está localizada nas zonas de elongação de raízes e folhas. Folhas maduras, que são desprovidas de células em elongação, não mostraram expressão considerável dos genes SacRALF. Culturas de suspensão celular embriogênica de cana-de-açúcar mostraram um nível constitutivo de transcritos de genes SacRALF. O peptídeo SacRALF1 foi adicionado ao meio de cultura e inibiu o crescimento de microcalli derivado de culturas de suspensão celular em concentrações tão baixas quanto 0,1 µM. Microcalli expostos ao SacRALF1 exógeno mostraram um número reduzido de células elongadas. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os peptídeos RALF possuem uma função no desenvolvimento de plantas, particularmente na elongação celular.
Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) is part of a growing family of peptides with hormone characteristics in plants. Initially isolated from leaves of tobacco plants, RALF peptides can be found throughout the plant kingdom and they are expressed in plants ubiquitously. Sugarcane plants have four isoforms of SacRALF genes and SacRALF1 isoform is expressed predominantly. SacRALF1 transcripts are abundant in the elongation zone of root tips and all four SacRALF genes are more expressed in young and expanding leaves than in expanded leaves. In leaf blades, SacRALF gene transcripts were found at high levels at the basal portion of the leaf and at low levels at the apical portion. The whole set of gene expression analyses showed in this study, suggest that SacRALF genes expression is localized in elongation zones of roots and leaves. Mature leaves that are devoid of elongating cells do not show considerable expression of SacRALF genes. Sugarcane embryogenic cell suspension cultures showed a nearly constitutive level of SacRALF gene transcripts. SacRALF1 peptide was added to culture media and inhibited the growth of microcalli derived from cell suspension cultures at concentrations as low as 0.1 µM. Microcalli exposed to exogenous SacRALF1 showed a reduced number of elongated cells. The findings suggest that RALF peptides have a role in plant development, particularly in cell elongation.
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Books on the topic "Plant Peptide Hormones"

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Patisaul, Heather B., and Scott M. Belcher. The Neuroendocrine System and General Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199935734.003.0004.

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The neuroendocrine system is the interface between the endocrine and nervous systems. This chapter presents an overview of the neuroendocrine system and endogenous hormones, with a primary focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT). The importance of impacts of exogenous compounds, both natural and man-made, on the neuroendocrine system is discussed, with a focus on endocrine-disruptive actions of plant-derived phytoestrogens and the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as an environmental sensor. The impacts of EDCs on feed-forward and negative feedback regulation of neuroendocrine functions, including those mediated by estrogen, androgen, and thyroid pathways, as well as other less studied pathways of hormonal signaling that involve disruption of neurosteroids, peptide hormones, and adrenal hormone signaling are also presented.
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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Food procurement and processing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0004.

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Fish display a wide range of adaptations of the mouth and pharynx for specific feeding patterns including planktivory, fin-biting, picking and scraping. Appetite control is complex, involving stimulatory and inhibitory hormones. The gut has a linear plan similar to other vertebrates but with considerable variation between taxa, and a stomach may be absent. Many bony fish possess pyloric caeca, containing digestive enzymes, and may increase surface area for digestion. In chondrichthyes (sharks, etc.), a ‘spiral valve’ increases surface area of the intestine. Smooth muscle contractions in the gut wall pass food along the tract under control of food pressure, the autonomic nervous system and specific peptides. Digestion by hydrolytic enzymes, and absorption occur in the intestine, monomers produced being absorbed mainly through transcellular routes, involving enterocytes, into the blood of the hepatic portal vein to the liver. Dietary requirements and nutrition are discussed.
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Book chapters on the topic "Plant Peptide Hormones"

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Ryan, Clarence A., and Gregory Pearce. "Peptide Hormones for Defense, Growth, Development and Reproduction." In Plant Hormones, 700–716. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2686-7_30.

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Wang, Jizong, Guangzhong Lin, Rui Ma, Zhifu Han, and Jijie Chai. "Structural Insight into Recognition of Plant Peptide Hormones by Plant Receptor Kinases." In Plant Structural Biology: Hormonal Regulations, 31–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91352-0_3.

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Miliner, P. A., D. A. Groarke, and I. R. White. "Synthetic peptides as probes of plant cell signalling." In Plant Hormone Signal Perception and Transduction, 217–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0131-5_29.

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Specht, T., G. Slosarek, H. R. Kalbitzer, V. A. Erdmann, M. Giel-Pietraszuk, M. Szymanski, P. Mucha, P. Rekowski, G. Kupryszewski, and J. Barciszewski. "The Tertiary Structure of Plant Peptide Hormone Systemin and the Mechanism of its Action." In Plant Proteins from European Crops, 41–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03720-1_7.

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Hofmann, Alexander, Alexander Minges, and Georg Groth. "Interfering Peptides Targeting Protein–Protein Interactions in the Ethylene Plant Hormone Signaling Pathway as Tools to Delay Plant Senescence." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 71–85. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0954-5_7.

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Song, Xiu-Fen, Shi-Chao Ren, and Chun-Ming Liu. "Peptide hormones." In Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants, 361–404. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811562-6.00011-6.

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Dalton, David R. "Roots, Shoots, Leaves, and Grapes." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0015.

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As noted earlier and as anticipated by Charles and Francis Darwin it has been argued that plants sense the direction of gravity (gravitropism) by movement of starch granules found in cells called statocytes that contain compartments (organelles) called statoliths. The synthesis of statoliths appears to occur in the plastid (plant organelle) compartments called amyloplasts (Figure 7.1, 1). It has been suggested that this gravitropic signal then leads to movement of plant hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) (Figure 7.2), through the phloem opposite to the pull of gravity to promote stem growth. Chloroplasts (Figure 7.1, 2) are cell compartments (plastids or organelles) in which photosynthesis is carried out. The process of photosynthesis, discussed more fully later, is accompanied by the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) (Figure 7.3). ATP is consumed and converted to ADP and Pi in living systems. The cycle of production and consumption allows ATP to serve as an “energy currency” to pay for the reactions in living systems. Beyond this generally recognized critical function of chloroplasts, it has recently been pointed out that light/ dark conditions affect alternative splicing of genes which may be necessary for proper plant responses to varying light conditions. The organelles or plastids which contain the pigments for photosynthesis and the amyloplasts that store starch are only two of many kinds of plastids. Other plastids, leucoplasts for example, hold the enzymes for the synthesis of terpenes, and elaioplasts store fatty acids. Apparently, all plastids are derived from proplastids which are present in the pluripotent apical and root meristem cells. The cell wall (Figure 7.1, 3) is the tough, rigid layer that surrounds cells. It is located on the outside of the flexible cell membrane, thus adding fixed structure. A representation of a portion of the cell wall (as made up of cellulose and peptide cross-linking) is shown below in Figure 7.7. The cells will have different sizes as a function of where they are found (e.g., leaf, stalk, root), but in every case, the cell wall limits the size of the membrane that lies within.
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Conference papers on the topic "Plant Peptide Hormones"

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Gancheva, M. S., E. A. Rutkovskaya, L. O. Polyushkevich, M. A. Lebedeva, I. E. Dodueva, and L. A. Lutova. "Peptide hormones CLE and CEP in potatoes." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-112.

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