Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plant population density

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Plant population density'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Plant population density"

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Youssef, M. M. A. "Relationship between plant density and population density of Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant." Pakistan Journal of Nematology 37, no. 1 (2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18681/pjn.v37.i01.p21-24.

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Dewar, Roderick C. "Plant energetics and population density." Nature 398, no. 6728 (1999): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/19215.

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Magnani, Federico. "Plant energetics and population density”." Nature 398, no. 6728 (1999): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/19217.

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Enquist, Brian J., James H. Brown, and Geoffrey B. West. "Plant energetics and population density." Nature 398, no. 6728 (1999): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/19219.

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De Almeida Silva, Marcelo, Ana Carolina De Santana Soares, Melina Rodrigues Alves Carnietto, and Alexandrius De Moraes Barbosa. "Increasing population density reduces soybean yield components and productivity." Bioscience Journal 37 (August 20, 2021): e37042. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-53612.

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Studies addressing the interaction of different spatial arrangement in soybean are needed in order to achieve management that leads to higher grain yield associated with rational seed use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield components and productivity of an undetermined growth type soybean as a function of different row spacing and plant densities. The treatments consisted of three row spaces (0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m) and three plant population densities (30, 40 and 50 plants/m²). There was no interaction of row spaces and plant population on soybean yield. Regarding the overall spacing average, the grain yield of the population of 30/m² plants was higher than the productivity of the populations of 40 and 50/m² plants. The largest populations reduce plant sizes due to greater competition between plants. In addition, smaller populations promote higher individual plant yields due to the increase components of the production. This characteristic is defined as the ability of the plant to change its morphology and yield components in order to adapt to the conditions imposed by the spatial arrangement.
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Iwaizumi, Masakazu G., and Satoki Sakai. "Variation in flower biomass among nearby populations of Impatiens textori (Balsaminaceae): effects of population plant densities." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 5 (2004): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-013.

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Although most of the previously detected variation in flower biomass was among populations that were far apart from each other, differences in population characteristics (population size, area, and plant density) may bring the variation in flower biomass to a more local scale. To examine the variation in flower biomass among nearby populations of Impatiens textori Miq. (Balsaminaceae), field studies were conducted on six natural populations located along a stream in Japan. We also examined the dependence of flower biomass and outcrossing rate on population characteristics, as well as the differences in plant size and pollinator behavior among populations. We conducted pollination experiments with potted plants, in which plant density and flower size were independently manipulated. Mean flower mass varied among populations, being negatively dependent on plant density. One-factor ANCOVA showed that both plant size and the other population-level factor affected flower biomass variation. Experiments with potted plant arrays showed that geitonogamous pollination more likely occurred in sparse populations, but in field studies, the population outcrossing rate was not significantly dependent on plant density of the population. Thus, the variation in flower biomass cannot be fully explained by these commonly considered factors. Our results show that the flower biomass of populations may evolve locally in response to plant density or other population characteristics.Key words: variation, flower biomass, population, Impatiens textori, plant density, local scale.
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Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Adrián Escudero, María José Albert, and Luis Giménez-Benavides. "Population structure effect on reproduction of a rare plant: beyond population size effect." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 9 (2006): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-078.

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Several studies have evaluated the effect of population size on plant reproductive output, but there are few studies concerning the effect of other population structure variables on plant reproduction. In this study, we went beyond population size effect and we tested the effect of some population spatial variables such as plant density, plant aggregation, population structure, and population identity on plant reproductive success and fitness in large populations (>1000 individuals) of Centaurea hyssopifolia Vahl., an endemic species of central Spain. We analysed the reproductive output (capitula, flowers, and seeds) and another two components of plant fitness (seed mass and germinability) in 350 individuals from seven populations in 2002 and 2003. All populations were similar in size but differed in other population spatial characteristics (density, plant aggregation pattern, population plant size structure). We used Morisita’s aggregation index to characterize the level of plant aggregation within populations. Population plant size structure variable determined the proportion of different sized plants in a population. We used generalized linear mixed models to model the contribution of these population spatial variables to several reproductive parameters. Our results showed that whereas the aggregation index exerted a positive control on plant seed set, plant density had a negative effect, and plant population size structure did not significantly influence any response variable. Density only exerted a negative effect on seed set. On the contrary, plant aggregation had a positive effect. Seed mass was also larger in more aggregated populations, although no differences in seed germinability were observed. We detected the effect of population attributes on reproduction in terms of seed set, but we did not detect any effect on other overall reproductive variables measured at plant level. To sum up, our results showed that if population fragments were large enough, spatial population attributes became crucial factors for plant reproductive output and fitness. These easily measurable population variables may improve the conservation management of rare plant species.
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Ngouajio, Mathieu, Erin C. Hill, and William Chase. "(180) Effects of Plant Density on Pickling Cucumber Fruit Quality." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 999C—999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.999c.

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Cucumber is an important vegetable in Michigan, where it is grown for slicing (fresh) or processing. Michigan is the top producer of pickling cucumbers in the United States, with over 27% of the total national production. Studies were conducted in 2004 to test the effects of plant density on cucumber fruit quality. Cucumber var. `Vlaspik' was seeded in 30.5, 45.7, 61.0, and 76.2 cm rows with 12.7 cm spacing between plants inside the row, corresponding to final plant populations of 258, 172, 129, and 103 thousand plants/ha, respectively. The experiment used a randomized complete-block design with 4 replications and four rows per plot. At harvest, 10 fruits of grade 2 were randomly selected from each plot for measurement of specific gravity, firmness, soluble solids, color, and seed size. Cucumber fruit specific gravity, soluble solids, and seed size were not affected by plant population size. However, fruit firmness and color varied with plant density. Low plant populations, when compared to high populations, produced darker green fruits, a desired trait in pickling cucumber production. On a scale of 0 (yellowish) to 5 (dark green), plants grown under a population of 258 thousand plants/ha scored an average of 2.8. The score was 4.6 for fruits produced in plots with 103 thousand plants/ha. Low plant populations increased fruit firmness as measured by a puncture test. Fruit firmness was 89, 93, 97, and 95 g·mm-2 for 258, 172, 129, and 103 thousand plants/ha, respectively. Results suggest that cultural practices may affect pickling cucumber fruit quality.
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Wu, Yaying, Brian A. Kahn, Niels O. Maness, John B. Solie, Richard W. Whitney, and Kenneth E. Conway. "Densely Planted Okra for Destructive Harvest: II. Effects on Plant Architecture." HortScience 38, no. 7 (2003): 1365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.7.1365.

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Research was conducted to develop a cultural system that would permit a destructive mechanical okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] harvest. This paper reports on studies to determine the responses of okra plant architecture to various highly dense (HD) plant populations, and to consider the implications of those responses for destructive mechanical harvest. Growing okra in plant arrangements more densely planted than the control (which was spaced at 90 × 23 cm) did not affect overall plant heights. The position of the first bloom or fruit attachment and of the first marketable fruit attachment tended to become higher on the stem as plant population density increased, especially when comparing plants from the 15 × 15 cm spacing to control plants. The number of marketable fruit per plant was usually unaffected by plant population. Branch number and defruited dry weight per plant decreased as plant population density increased. Plant architecture did not affect the ability of an experimental mechanical harvester to recover marketable fruit from three different okra cultivars grown in a HD arrangement. The lack of concentrated marketable fruit set, rather than plant architecture, was the main limiting factor to the success of densely planted okra for destructive harvest.
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LÉGÈRE, ANNE, and JEAN-MARC DESCHÊNES. "INFLUENCE OF TIME OF EMERGENCE AND PLANT DENSITY ON GROWTH OF HEMP-NETTLE (Galeopsis tetrahit)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 1 (1989): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-019.

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The effects of time of emergence and plant density on hemp-nettle growth (Galeopsis tetrahit) were measured in natural field populations from the Québec City region and in a greenhouse experiment. In the field, more than 80% of the plants emerged during a peak period of about 2 wk in early May. Few hemp-nettle plants emerged after this peak period. Late-emerging plants produced relatively little biomass compared to plants that had emerged during the early emergence flush. Total biomass accumulation increased with density on three out of four sites. Stands from the lowest density (80 plants m−2) generally produced less biomass than stands of higher plant densities. Average plant biomass production decreased with increasing density. Plants from low density stands displayed a bushy profile compared to the etiolated, single-stemmed plants from high density stands. Mature hemp-nettle stands did not develop strong hierarchical population structures such as found for other annual broadleaf species. Hemp-nettle plants within a stand were distributed rather evenly over a number of height classes. A large proportion of the total biomass was produced by a relatively considerable number of plants 45–59 cm in height rather than by a few dominating individuals.Key words: Hemp-nettle, Galeopsis tetrahit, weed populations, emergence pattern, population density, population structure
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plant population density"

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Whaley, Joanna. "The physiological response of winter wheat varieties to reductions in plant population density." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368249.

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Baniszewski, Julie. "IRRIGATED ZEA MAYS RESPONSE TO NITROGEN AND HIGH PLANT POPULATION DENSITY IN NARROW ROWS." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/73.

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Modern genetics have improved maize hybrids to better tolerate stress, use nutrients more efficiently and potentially yield higher. Management practices, such as narrow row technology and high plant population density (PPD) may further improve yields in modern maize under irrigated, non-limiting conditions. High PPD (74, 99, 124, 148 K seeds ha-1) were tested in narrow rows with up to four nitrogen (N) rates in three locations over two years in Kentucky with a modern maize hybrid in irrigated, non-limiting conditions. Results indicate that optimal seeding rates were 99,000 to 124,000 seeds ha-1, providing maximum yield and highest partial return, likely due to increasing seed number ha-1 and greater canopy closure, although seed size declined and pollination was more asynchronous as PPD increased. Excess N did not overcome silking delay or the decline in kernel mass associated with higher PPD, indicating 252 kg N ha-1 was adequate for high yields at any population, although data indicates better utilization of supplied N at higher populations. Implications can be used to implement better management techniques in high-yielding maize to supplement use of improved genetics.
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Polius, J. J. N. "Micronutrient nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by fertilizers, hybrids, irrigation and plant population density." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63809.

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Pidaran, Kalaiyarasi. "Effect of planting geometry, hybrid maturity, and population density on yield and yield components in sorghum." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15074.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>Rob M. Aiken<br>Mary Beth Kirkham<br>Prior studies indicate clumped planting can increase grain sorghum yield up to 45% under water deficit conditions by reducing tiller number, increasing radiation use efficiency, and preserving soil water for grain fill. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of planting geometry on sorghum grain yield. The field study was conducted in seven environments with two sorghum hybrids, four populations, and two planting geometries. Crop responses included leaf area index, yield, and components of yield. Delayed planting decreased yield by 39%, and a later maturing hybrid increased yield, relative to an early hybrid, by 11% under water sufficiency. Clumped planting increased the fraction of fertile culms (culms which formed panicles) from 5-14%. It reduced the number of culms m-2 by 12% under water limiting conditions (at one of two locations) but increased culms m-2 16% under water sufficiency. Seeds per panicle and seed weight generally compensated for differences in panicles m-2, which were related to different planting population densities. Although agronomic characteristics of hybrids varying in maturity have been widely studied, little information exists concerning their physiological differences. Therefore, the objective of the greenhouse study was to determine if stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, and leaf chlorophyll content differed between two DeKalb grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids. They were DKS 36-16 and DKS 44-20, of medium-early and medium maturity, respectively, when grown under field conditions in Kansas. Seeds were planted in a greenhouse. Stomatal resistance and leaf temperature were measured 55 days after planting with a Decagon Devices (Pullman, WA) diffusion porometer, and chlorophyll content was measured 119 days after planting with a Konica Minolta (Osaka, Japan) SPAD chlorophyll meter. The two hybrids did not differ in stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, height, and dry weight. Their difference in maturity was not evident under the greenhouse conditions. Future work needs to show if hybrids of different maturities vary in physiological characteristics
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Persson, Inga-Lill. "Moose population density and habitat productivity as drivers of ecosystem processes in northern boreal forests /." Umeå : Dept. of Animal Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s272.pdf.

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Abernathy, Lisa. "One Year Avian Survey of John U. Lloyd Beach State Park to Determine Population Density." NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/209.

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John U. Lloyd Beach State Park is a 125 hectare barrier island on the eastern edge of Broward County, Florida abutting the Intracoastal Waterway and Atlantic Ocean. The park provides recreational facilities for the public as well as housing Nova Southeastern University’s Oceanographic Center, a U.S. Coast Guard Station, U.S. Navy Facility, and park offices. The park is surrounded by growing infrastructure such as the Hollywood-Fort Lauderdale International Airport, Port Everglades, and the Florida Power and Light operational facility. John U. Lloyd Beach State Park was in need of a baseline survey of the avian population to check for future fluctuations. For one year, 2003-2004, lines transects situated throughout the park were traversed on a weekly basis. The program DISTANCE was used to analyze the projected populations. It was found that the bird populations, both as passerines and as a total, were highest during the migration seasons of fall and spring. It was also found that the habitats with the highest percent of land covered with vegetation were not necessarily the most populated. Now that baseline information has been collected it is suggested that this study be repeated every several years to see how avian populations, individual and species, change in accordance with changes in Broward County (i.e. population growth and industrial development).
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Heiffig, Lilia Sichmann. "Plasticidade da cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) em diferentes arranjos espaciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-20022003-151548/.

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O presente experimento teve por objetivos, avaliar a maneira como a planta de soja se adapta a diferentes arranjos espaciais (plasticidade) e identificar o arranjo espacial que melhor represente ou possibilite associar o manejo do cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista) com alta produtividade agrícola. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), no município de Piracicaba - SP, durante o ano agrícola de 2001/2002. Os tratamentos constaram de diferentes arranjos espaciais, variando-se e combinando-se 6 níveis do fator espaçamento entre linhas (0,20; 0,30; 0,40; 0,50; 0,60 e 0,70 m) e 5 níveis do fator densidade de plantas na linha visando as populações de 70.000; 140.000; 210.000; 280.000 e 350.000 plantas/ha, totalizando 30 tratamentos, delineados em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e com três repetições. As características avaliadas foram: tempo de fechamento de entrelinhas; índice de área foliar; altura final de planta; altura de inserção da primeira vagem; número de ramificações; número de vagens por planta; número de grãos por planta; grau de acamamento; massa de 1000 sementes e produtividade agrícola. As principais conclusões são: a) o cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista), cultivado em linhas espaçadas entre si de 0,20 a 0,60 m, apresenta índice de área foliar máximo no estádio fenológico correspondente ao início da granação das vagens (R5); b) o número de vagens é o mais importante componente da produção por planta, por ser diretamente influenciado pelo arranjo populacional das plantas na área de produção; c) o cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista) apresenta ampla plasticidade, ajustando os seus componentes de produção aos diferentes arranjos espaciais, sem que ocorram significativas diferenças de produtividade; d) para cada combinação entre o espaçamento entre linhas e a densidade de plantas na linha existe uma população de plantas mais bem ajustada, que possibilita maior produtividade de grãos.<br>This research had as purposes to evaluate the soybean plant adaptations (plasticity) to different space arrangements and identify the best space arrangements for higher yields of cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista). The experiment was carried out at the experimental fields of Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (USP/ESALQ), São Paulo State University, in Piracicaba-SP, during the 2001/2002 growing season. The 30 treatments consisted of different space arrangements, combining 6 row spacing (0,20; 0,30; 0,40; 0,50; 0,60; 0,70 m) with 5 different population (70.000; 140.000; 210.000; 280.000; 350.000 plants/ha), in a complete randomized blocks design with subdivided plots and three replications. The evaluated characteristics were: time to achieve closed canopy; leaf area index; final plant height; height of the first pod; number of branches per plant; number of pods per plant; number of grains per plant; lodging; mass of 1,000 grains and yield. The main conclusions are: a) the cultivar MG/BR – 46 (Conquista) cultivated under 0,20 to 0,60 m row spacing shows a leaf area index maximum at the begging of seed-filling stage (R5); b) the number of pods is the best related component to yield per plant, being directly influenced by plant population; c) the cultivar MG/BR – 46 (Conquista) presents wide plasticity, adjusting its yield components to the different space arrangements, without significant yield changes; d) for each row spacing there is a better plant population to achieve higher yield.
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Kornbluh, Andrea G. "The effect of population density and distribution on pollinator visits and fruit production in a self-incompatible herb, Apocynum cannabinum (Apocynaceae)." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1574358774644695.

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Gaye, Mary Margaret. "The influence of row covers and plant population density on the growth and productivity of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28990.

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An interlocking group of studies was conducted to examine the effects of row covers and plant population density on the growth and productivity of field-grown bell peppers. The studies were carried out at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Agassiz, British Columbia, in 1988. Analysis of variance was used to determine treatment effects on reproductive and vegetative components of yield. A nonlinear regression model was used to define the yield responses. Yield components were assessed, at different stages of plant growth, for their contribution to reproductive and total plant yield variation, using a two-dimensional partitioning technique. The influence of growth and treatments on fruit and whole plant allometry was studied using a best subset multiple regression procedure. Row covers enhanced reproductive and vegetative yield per plant and per land area. Increasing plant population densities resulted in decreasing yield per plant, but increasing yield per land area. Furthermore, the effect of row covers on yield was greater at low population densities than high. The number of nodes was the most important contributor to variation in reproductive and total plant yield. Fruit weight as a proportion of total plant yield was also a major contributor to reproductive yield. The analysis showed the importance of row covers in the initial stages of growth, and the increasing importance of plant population density as growth proceeded, on yield components and on reproductive and total plant yield. Allometric relationships defining fruit and plant morphology changed during growth, and were also affected by row covers and plant population density. The changes were reflected through the allometric exponent and the allometric coefficient. Significant increases in horticultural yield resulted from the application of row covers and from high plant population densities. The response was quantified in mathematical models. Yield component analysis and allometric analysis of reproductive and total plant yield, proved to be valuable techniques for extending our understanding of plant growth relations resulting from the applied treatments.<br>Land and Food Systems, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Axel, Högberg. "The significance of age, plant density and proximity of young Silene dioica populations on the incidence and prevalence of anther-smut disease (Microbotryum silenes-diocae)." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-114544.

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Most life forms, including plants, are more or less susceptible to infection by pathogens. Whereas plant-pathogen interactions are well studied in human-managed systems they are less known in natural ecosystems. In this thesis the interactions between the sterilising anther-smut fungus Microbotryum silenes-dioicae and the host plant Silene dioica were studied in natural habitats in the Skeppsvik archipelago in northern Sweden. The purpose was to study some population characteristics that can potentially influence the colonization of anther-smut (Microbotryum silenes-dioicae) in young Silene dioica populations. Specifically, it was tested whether the population age, floral-  and total density, population size and distances to nearest diseased populations affect incidence of disease (presence of disease) and prevalence of disease (proportion of diseased individuals in populations) in younger host populations. It was found that incidence and prevalence of disease increased with host population age and size. In addition, it was seen that distances to diseased populations could not explain incidence or prevalence of disease. These results can potentially be used to predict disease risk in similar plant-pathogen systems.
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Books on the topic "Plant population density"

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Botsford, Louis W., J. Wilson White, and Alan Hastings. Population Dynamics for Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758365.001.0001.

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This book is a quantitative exposition of our current understanding of the dynamics of plant and animal populations, with the goal that readers will be able to understand, and participate in the management of populations in the wild. The book uses mathematical models to establish the basic principles of population behaviour. It begins with a philosophical approach to mathematical models of populations. It then progresses from a description of models with a single variable, abundance, to models that describe changes in the abundance of individuals at each age, then similar models that describe populations in terms of the abundance over size, life stage, and space. The book assumes a knowledge of basic calculus, but explains more advanced mathematical concepts such as partial derivatives, matrices, and random signals, as it makes use of them. The book explains the basis of the principles underlying important population processes, such as the mechanism that allow populations to persist, rather than go extinct, the way in which populations respond to variable environments, and the origin of population cycles.The next two chapters focus on application of the principles of population dynamics to manage for the prevention of extinction, as well as the management of fisheries for sustainable, high yields. The final chapter recapitulates how different population behaviors arise in situations with different levels of density dependence and replacement (the potential lifetime reproduction per individual), and how variability arises at different time scales set by a species’ life history.
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India. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board., ed. Population distribution and analysis in relation to siting of NPPs. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, 1998.

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SECPOP90: Sector population, land fraction, and economic estimation program. Division of Systems Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1997.

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Miller, Thomas E., William E. Bradshaw, and Christina M. Holzapfel. Pitcher-plant communities as model systems for addressing fundamental questions in ecology and evolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0024.

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Carnivorous plants have close associations with other species that live in or on the plant. Sarracenia purpurea has a particularly large number of inquiline species, many of which are obligates that live in its water-filled leaves. These include a well-studied food web of bacteria, protozoa, rotifers, mites, and Diptera larvae, all of which depend on the prey of the host plant. This model system has been used to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution, including studies of keystone predation, succession, consumer versus resource control, invasion, dispersal, and the roles of resources and predators in metacommunities. The microecosystem also has been used to understand density-dependent selection, the genetic structure of populations, evolution over climatic gradients, and evolution in a multispecies, community context. In this chapter, the ecology of this potentially mutualistic contained community is explored in the context of its carnivorous host.
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Applied crop physiology: understanding the fundamentals of grain crop management. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245950.0000.

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Abstract This book contains 5 chapters that presents a simple, straightforward discussion of the principles and processes involved in the production of grain yield by agronomic crops, and how these processes underlie and influence management decisions. The focus is on grain crops, principally maize and soybean, although the general principles apply equally well to cereals, grain legumes and oil crops. Management decisions define all cropping systems - what (crop species, variety), where (climate), when (planting date), and how (row spacing and population density) are the fundamental choices. Knowledge of the fundamental processes responsible for plant growth and the accumulation of yield simplifies the decision-making process and leads to improved management decisions, higher grain yields, and cropping systems that are efficient, resilient and sustainable. The contents include basic plant growth processes (e.g. photosynthesis, respiration, evapotranspiration); growth and production of yield; crop management (seed quality, variety selection, planting date, row spacing); and crop production in the future (climate change, GMOs, precision agriculture and new crops). This books is intended for researchers in crop science, agronomy and plant science, and crop production practitioners. This book will enable readers to make better, more informed management decisions; decisions that will help maintain a well-fed world in the future.
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Bianchi, Thomas S. Deltas and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764174.001.0001.

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Humans have had a long relationship with the ebb and flow of tides on river deltas around the world. The fertile soils of river deltas provided early human civilizations with a means of farming crops and obtaining seafood from the highly productive marshes and shallow coastal waters associated with deltas. However, this relationship has at times been both nurturing and tumultuous for the development of early civilizations. The vicissitudes of seasonal changes in river flooding events as well as frequently shifting deltaic soils made life for these early human settlements challenging. These natural transient processes that affect the supply of sediments to deltas today are in many ways very similar to what they have been over the millennia of human settlements. But something else has been altered in the natural rhythm of these cycles. The massive expansion of human populations around the world in both the lower and upper drainage basins of these large rivers have changed the manner in which sediments and water are delivered to deltas. Because of the high density of human populations found in these regions, humans have developed elaborate hydrological engineering schemes in an attempt to "tame" these deltas. The goal of this book is to provide information on the historical relationship between humans and deltas that will hopefully encourage immediate preparation for coastal management plans in response to the impending inundation of major cities, as a result of global change around the world.
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Book chapters on the topic "Plant population density"

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Griesh, M. H., and G. M. Yakout. "Effect of plant population density and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components of some white and yellow maize hybrids under drip irrigation system in sandy soil." In Plant Nutrition. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_394.

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Koricheva, Julia, and Erkki Haukioja. "Birch foliage quality and population density of Eriocrania miners in a pollution-affected area." In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1654-1_15.

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Strong, Donald R., and Stig Larsson. "The importance of herbivore population density in multitrophic interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems." In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1654-1_2.

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Kunin, William E. "Population biology and rarity: on the complexity of density dependence in insect—plant interactions." In The Biology of Rarity. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5874-9_9.

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Heithaus, E. Raymond. "Seed dispersal mutualism and the population density of Asarum canadense, an ant-dispersed plant." In Tasks for vegetation science. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4812-9_19.

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Norberg, R. Å. "Self-Thinning of Plant Populations Dictated by Packing Density and Individual Growth Geometry and Relationships Between Animal Population Density and Body Mass Governed by Metabolic Rate." In Size-Structured Populations. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74001-5_17.

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Matres, Jerlie Mhay, Erwin Arcillas, Maria Florida Cueto-Reaño, Ruby Sallan-Gonzales, Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko, and Inez Slamet-Loedin. "Biofortification of Rice Grains for Increased Iron Content." In Rice Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_14.

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AbstractDietary iron (Fe) deficiency affects 14% of the world population with significant health impacts. Biofortification is the process of increasing the density of vitamins and minerals in a crop, through conventional breeding, biotechnology approaches, or agronomic practices. This process has recently been shown to successfully alleviate micronutrient deficiency for populations with limited access to diverse diets in several countries (https://www.harvestplus.org/). The Fe breeding target in the HarvestPlus program was set based on average rice consumption to fulfil 30% of the Estimated Average Requirement of Fe in women and children. In this review, we present the reported transgenic approaches to increase grain Fe. Insertion of a single or multiple genes encoding iron storage protein, metal transporter, or enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of metal chelator in the rice genome was shown to be a viable approach to significantly increase grain-Fe density. The most successful approach to reach the Fe breeding target was by overexpression of multiple genes. Despite this success, a significant effort of 8–10 years needs to be dedicated from the proof of concept to varietal release. This includes large-scale plant transformation, event selection, collection of data for premarket safety assurance, securing biosafety permits for consumption and propagation, and collection of data for variety registration.
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Singh, Balwant, Shefali Mishra, Deepak Singh Bisht, and Rohit Joshi. "Growing Rice with Less Water: Improving Productivity by Decreasing Water Demand." In Rice Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_5.

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AbstractRice is a staple food for more than half of the global population. With the increasing population, the yield of rice must correspondingly increase to fulfill the requirement. Rice is cultivated worldwide in four different types of ecosystems, which are limited by the availability of irrigation water. However, water-limiting conditions negatively affect rice production; therefore, to enhance productivity under changing climatic conditions, improved cultivation practices and drought-tolerant cultivars/varieties are required. There are two basic approaches to cultivation: (1) plant based and (2) soil and irrigation based, which can be targeted for improving rice production. Crop plants primarily follow three mechanisms: drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance. Based on these mechanisms, different strategies are followed, which include cultivar selection based on yield stability under drought. Similarly, soil- and irrigation-based strategies consist of decreasing non-beneficial water depletions and water outflows, aerobic rice development, alternate wetting and drying, saturated soil culture, system of rice intensification, and sprinkler irrigation. Further strategies involve developing drought-tolerant cultivars through marker-assisted selection/pyramiding, genomic selection, QTL mapping, and other breeding and cultivation practices such as early planting to follow escape strategies and decreasing stand density to minimize competition with weeds. Similarly, the identification of drought-responsive genes and their manipulation will provide a technological solution to overcome drought stress. However, it was the Green Revolution that increased crop production. To maintain the balance, there is a need for another revolution to cope with the increasing demand.
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Venette, Robert C., Doria R. Gordon, Jennifer Juzwik, et al. "Early Intervention Strategies for Invasive Species Management: Connections Between Risk Assessment, Prevention Efforts, Eradication, and Other Rapid Responses." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_6.

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AbstractManaging invasive species becomes increasingly difficult and expensive as populations of new pathogens, plants, insects, and other animals (i.e., pests) spread and reach high densities. Research over the past decade confirms the value of early intervention strategies intended to (1) prevent invasive species from arriving within an endangered area or (2) detect and respond quickly to new species incursions (Baker et al. 2009; Ewel et al. 1999; Holden et al. 2016; Leung et al. 2014). The goal of such biosecurity approaches is to keep or return the density of invasive species to zero so that damages from those pests might be prevented or to confine populations to localized areas so that damage from those species might be limited (Magarey et al. 2009). Prediction, prevention, early detection, eradication, and other rapid responses, all components of proactive management, are less costly and more effective than reactive tactics (Epanchin-Niell and Liebhold 2015; Leung et al. 2002; Lodge et al. 2006; Rout et al. 2014) (Fig. 6.1). Prediction is achieved through risk assessment (a process to forecast the likelihood and consequence of an invasion) and pathway analysis (a process to evaluate the means by which invasive species might be brought into an area of concern). Prevention is achieved through a variety of measures including regulations and quarantine treatments. Indeed, pathway analyses and subsequent regulation of those pathways are considered “the frontline in the prevention of biological invasions” (Hulme 2009) and cost-effective approaches (Essl et al. 2015; Keller et al. 2007; Leung et al. 2002; Tidbury et al. 2016). Surveillance is fundamental to early detection, and if a target species is detected, the primary rapid responses are eradication, containment, or suppression (reviewed in Beric and MacIsaac 2015). Early intervention strategies often operate at spatial scales that are much greater than the scale at which most land managers operate. Success thus requires effective coordination among researchers, regulators, and managers at international, national, sub-national, and local levels.
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Ghazoul, Jaboury. "3. Populations." In Ecology: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198831013.003.0003.

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‘Populations’ considers the factors behind animal, plant, and insect population outbreaks. Influenced by weather and food, population outbreaks fast exceed available resources and populations crash. It is difficult to determine whether predators control the prey population or vice versa. Competition is a more persuasive argument for population control, acting through density-dependent processes. Carrying capacity is the population size that can be maintained given available resources, which might well be affected by environmental factors. Ecologists define two types of species—r species which reproduce early and produce many offspring, and k species which inhabit more tranquil environments. The picture is complicated by life trade-offs between two variables, such as reproduction and growth or survival.
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Conference papers on the topic "Plant population density"

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Voineac, Vasile, Vasilisa Odobescu, Svetlana Jalba, and Ina Voineac. "Procedee de ecologizare a sistemelor de protecție integrată a mărului și a viței de vie." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.50.

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The results of experiments obtained in 2015 in apple orchards and in 2017 in vineyards showed that pheromone methods of capturing and sterilizing males of natural populations of apple worm and grape moth, installation of sticky pheromone traps and treated with biorational sterilizer Admiral 10 EC (pyriproxyfen), in the amount of 10-20 traps/ha depending on the population density, reduce their damage to the level of PED, do not act negatively on entomophagous insects from families (Coccinellidae, Chrysopida) and Arahnidae, and reduce energy and financial costs to carry out protection measures at 30-40%.
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Djalovic, Ivica, Vuk Radojevic, Vojislav Mihailovic, Sanja Vasiljevic, and Bojan Mitrovic. "GENOTIPSKI ODGOVOR NS HIBRIDA KUKURUZA NA POVEĆANU GUSTINU USEVA." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. Agronomski fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.011dj.

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Maize density is an important factor in cultivation which has significant effect on growth parameters. Newer hybrids have greater grain yield at higher plant densities than older hybrids. Differences in grain yield between older and newer maize hybrids were shown to be a function of plant population density. Optimum plant density for maximum grain yield per unit area may differ from hybrid to hybrid on account of significant interactions between hybrids and densities. Modern hybrids have shown tendencies to withstand higher levels of stress (i.e.- low N, high plant densities), which allow them to better sustain suitable photosynthetic rates, appropriate assimilate supplies, and maintain plant growth rates attributable to enhanced mineral nutrition and water use efficiency.
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ŠIDLAUSKAS, Gvidas, Irena PRANCKIETIENĖ, Rūta DROMANTIENĖ, and Viktoras PRANCKIETIS. "THE EFFECT OF AGRONOMIC AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON WINTER OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) ROOT NECK GROWTH IN AUTUMN." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.025.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the growth habit of winter oilseed rape root neck during the vegetative period in autumn. Such information is important for better understanding of winter oilseed rape growth pattern at early stages of development with the purpose to improve over winter survival. Field trials were conducted on Endocalcari – Epihypogleyic Cambisols. For the determination of changes of winter oilseed rape root neck thickness during autumnal development the effect of planting date, seedbed nitrogen application, stand population density, number of calendar days after emergence, accumulated by plants growing degree days and interaction among these factors was tested. For the description of the root neck growth pattern Boltzmann’s growth function performing a nonlinear fitting of estimating parameters was used. Results collected in the experiments indicate that the effect of sowing date including accumulated by plants growing degree days and the number of calendar days after emergence showed much greater effect on winter oilseed rape root diameter than seeding rate or pre-plant nitrogen application. On the basis of collected data winter oilseed rape root neck growth model was developed. These studies that relate mentioned factors to fall growth of winter oilseed rape root neck are presented in the paper.
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Connolly, Kevin J., and Elena Kalinina. "Unit Dose Factors for Transportation of Radioactive Materials." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45872.

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It will be necessary in the future to transport spent nuclear fuel on a large-scale basis from nuclear power plant sites to interim storage and/or a repository. Shipments of radioactive material are required to comply with regulations limiting the dose rate to no more than 0.1 mSv (10 mrem) per hour at 2 meters from the sides of the vehicle transporting the package. Determining the resulting dose to the public will be necessary for a number of reasons (e.g., stakeholder concerns, environmental impact statements). In order to understand the dose consequence of such a transportation system, this paper describes a method for determining unit dose factors. These are defined as the dose to the public per unit distance traveled along a road, rail, or waterway from one shipment assuming unit values for the other route specific parameters. The actual dose to the public is calculated using unit dose factors, the dose rate due to the radiation field emanating from the package, and characteristics of the route itself. Route specific parameters include the speed of the conveyance, the population density, and characteristics of the environment surrounding the route; these are provided by a routing tool. Using these unit dose factors, in conjunction with a routing tool, it will be possible to quantify the collective dose to the public and understand the ramifications of choosing specific routes.
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Gilvanova, E. A., and P. Yu Milman. "Auxin and carotene biosynthesis by the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.086.

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Monitoring of auxin and carotene during cultivation of the Pantoea agglomerans strain IB-BF revealed that the maximum yield of the target products is provided not by population density, but by the qualitative composition of the nutrient medium and the need for a larger peptide component of the substrate (rich amino acid set), which is part of the standard LB medium.
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Ribeiro, A., J. Araújo, A. Mota, R. Campos, C. Vilarinho, and J. Carvalho. "Decontamination of Heavy Metals From Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS) by Electrokinetic Remediation." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11221.

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Abstract A large quantity of sludges resulting from the treatment of MWWTP (Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant) effluent is generated annually following the increase of population density and acceleration of urbanization. Sludge production in Europe has been predicted by around 12 million tons in 2020. As a solid waste, appropriate disposal of Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS) has been taken seriously due to its larger volume and toxic substances such as heavy metals. Electrokinetic remediation has more advantages in heavy metals uptake compared to other technologies, due to the ability to treat soils in-situ and to remove heavy metals from soils. In this work, it was studied the remediation of MSS by the electrokinetic remediation coupled with activated carbon (AC) as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB). It was applied an electric current of 3 V cm−1 and it was used an AC/sludge ratio of 30 g kg−1 of contaminated sludge for the preparation of the PRB. In each trial, the evolution of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) removal from the sludge were evaluated. Results proved that this process is perfectly suited for the removal of chromium, nickel and zinc metals from the sludge. At the end of the operation time, it was achieved a maximum removal rate of 56% for chromium, 73% for nickel and 99% for zinc, with initial concentrations of 2790 mg kg−1, 2840 mg kg−1, and 94200 mg kg−1, respectively. Based on these results, it was proved the technical viability of the proposed technology (electrokinetic with AC as a permeable reactive barrier) to treat municipal sewage sludges.
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Andreev, Vyacheslav, Maria Berberova, Oleg Zolotarev, et al. "Development of models, algorithms and software for solving the risk as-sessment problems at NPPs in case of beyond-design accidents." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". ANO «Scientific and Research Center for Information in Physics and Technique», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fd755c08ed1f6.56308654.

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This project is aimed at developing models, algorithms and a software package for measures to improve safety and reduce risk in the design of new and operation of existing nuclear power plants. The principal novelty of the project is the development of a methodological apparatus for assessing radiation risk at nuclear power plants during the most dangerous (beyond design basis) accidents involving the emission of thermal neutron sources with a low flux density. Nuclear reactors based on the use of fission energy of heavy nuclei are powerful sources of gamma radiation and neutrons. The project is aimed at computer modeling and the development of new methods, algorithms and a software package for solving the problems of assessing safety and risk at nuclear power plants in the most dangerous (beyond design basis) accidents with the emission of thermal neutron sources with a low flux density. To implement the project, it is necessary to develop a methodological approach to solving the problems of assessing the doses of external and internal radiation and assessing the damage to the population living around nuclear power plants during the most dangerous (beyond design basis) accidents with the emission of thermal neutron sources with a low flux density; make cal-culations for the population, given its age composition. Based on these decisions, measures will be proposed to reduce the risk and improve the safety of nuclear power plants.
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Arutyanova, L. N., and A. A. Ogandzhanian. "State of populations of the rarest protected vascular plants of the “Strizhament” (Stavropol Krai)." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-4.

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The state and structure of Anemone caucasica Willd cenopulations has been studied. ex Rupr., Campanula persicifolia L., Vincetoxicum stauropolitanum Robed. – rare species included in the Red Book of the Stavropol Krai (KKSK). The area, number and density of individuals in the CPU were determined, the ontogenetic structure was studied, which allows characterizing the state and prospects for the development of cenopulations.
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S, Archana, Parthiban P, and Samson Mathew. "Pedestrian Flow and Capacity Analysis at Railway Stations." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.65.

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Enormous growth of population has been observed in recent years and the number of passengers is traveling by the Indian railway has been increased significantly during the pilgrim season due to rapid urbanization. Pedestrian traffic is an important aspect of traffic handled by the Indian railways, because of competitive tariffs with other modes of transports, the comfort of travel, and speed of connectivity. The present study is carried out in the Kerala state railway stations under the categories of A1(NSG2), and A (NSG3) which has the highest annual passenger of boarding and alighting are recorded. Pedestrian flows are taken with the help of recorded video graphic footage on the railway station premises. The studies carried out in the pedestrian parameters and estimate the capacity of pedestrian flow involve a variety of pedestrians such as era, sexuality, belongings carried by the pedestrian, schedule of a train as well at entry and exit passageway of stairways with the help of Indo-HCM 2017 and NFPA 130, 2020 also to analyses the level of service of a pedestrian with the fundamental diagrams of the pedestrian flow vs speed, speed vs density, flow vs density, and space vs speed are developed. The discoveries of this study are expected to be fruitful for civic bodies, railway protection force, policymakers, the public, and other stakeholders to design a solution working on the idea of world elegance railway stations.
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James, Jiza, Joseena Joseph, and Angel Sebastian. "Railbus from Edappally Railway Station to Vallarpadam Container Terminal." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.57.

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With the increase in population tremendously there is an increase in demand for public transportation. There exists an 8.5 km broad gauge line from Edappally railway station to Vallarpadam Goods Terminal which is presently underutilized (utilization is less than 10% only) and Kerala Rail Development Corporation Limited wants to explore the feasibility of providing passenger Rail Bus connectivity to this Vallarpadam station. This project proposes to run a 2-3 car railbus from Edappally Railway station to Vallarpadam Terminal over the underutilized rail connectivity to International Container Transhipment Terminal, Kochi. Study of routes covered by bus transport is carried out. Based on the location of stations and the density of commuters at that station, the study is carried out. Two intermediate halt stations are also proposed at Chittoor road and Mulavukad and they are well placed to accommodate the traffic needs. The principal benefit of the project would be that it provides a faster and cheaper transport between Edappally and Vallarpadam without entering the busy Ernakulam city limits.
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Reports on the topic "Plant population density"

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Young, M. Evaluation of population density and distribution criteria in nuclear power plant siting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10173793.

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Portz, Dennis N., and Gail R. Nonnecke. The Effect of Monoculture Cover Crops, Continuous Strawberry, or Continuous Cultivation on Plant Density and Yield of Strawberry, Pest Populations, and Soil Characteristics. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1247.

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