Academic literature on the topic 'Plant protein sources'
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Journal articles on the topic "Plant protein sources"
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Antipova, Luydmila, Tatiana Kuchmenko, Anastasiya Osmachkina, and Natalia Osipova. "Identification of total aromas of plant protein sources." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-362-368.
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Introduction. Due to the deficit and high cost of complete animal protein, the search and analysis of alternative sources is an actual scientific trend. Lentils is a good alternative to animal protein, but the pronounced bean smell and taste limit its full or partial use in food production. The aim of the work was to determine the total aromas of lentils when germinated to eliminate the bean taste and smell.
Study objects and methods. The object of the study was brown lentil beans germinated under laboratory conditions. Samples of the equilibrium gas phase formed over samples of wet and sprouted beans were investigated. The analysis of total aromas was carried out on a laboratory odor analyzer MAG-8 (“electronic nose”) by the method of piezoelectric quartz micro-weighing with an array of sensors.
Results and discussion. The study results showed qualitative and quantitative differences in the equilibrium gas phase over samples of wet and germinated grain. The quantitative analysis showed that the content of volatile compounds over sprouted grain is 12% less than over wet. The qualitative composition of the samples of wet and sprouted grain differed by 60%, which confirmed the influence of germination on the composition of the equilibrium gas phase and the possibility of eliminating bean odor. Testing showed that the use of pre-processed lentil grains allows to replace up to 50% of raw meat in minced products (minced food, chopped food) without changing the smell of the products.
Conclusion. According to the results obtained, preliminary processing of lentils by germination will allow using this bean culture as an alternative source of animal protein to expand the range, and improve the quality of meat and dairy products.
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Kerksick, Chad M., Andrew Jagim, Anthony Hagele, and Ralf Jäger. "Plant Proteins and Exercise: What Role Can Plant Proteins Have in Promoting Adaptations to Exercise?" Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061962.
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Adequate dietary protein is important for many aspects of health with current evidence suggesting that exercising individuals need greater amounts of protein. When assessing protein quality, animal sources of protein routinely rank amongst the highest in quality, largely due to the higher levels of essential amino acids they possess in addition to exhibiting more favorable levels of digestibility and absorption patterns of the amino acids. In recent years, the inclusion of plant protein sources in the diet has grown and evidence continues to accumulate on the comparison of various plant protein sources and animal protein sources in their ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS), heighten exercise training adaptations, and facilitate recovery from exercise. Without question, the most robust changes in MPS come from efficacious doses of a whey protein isolate, but several studies have highlighted the successful ability of different plant sources to significantly elevate resting rates of MPS. In terms of facilitating prolonged adaptations to exercise training, multiple studies have indicated that a dose of plant protein that offers enough essential amino acids, especially leucine, consumed over 8–12 weeks can stimulate similar adaptations as seen with animal protein sources. More research is needed to see if longer supplementation periods maintain equivalence between the protein sources. Several practices exist whereby the anabolic potential of a plant protein source can be improved and generally, more research is needed to best understand which practice (if any) offers notable advantages. In conclusion, as one considers the favorable health implications of increasing plant intake as well as environmental sustainability, the interest in consuming more plant proteins will continue to be present. The evidence base for plant proteins in exercising individuals has seen impressive growth with many of these findings now indicating that consumption of a plant protein source in an efficacious dose (typically larger than an animal protein) can instigate similar and favorable changes in amino acid update, MPS rates, and exercise training adaptations such as strength and body composition as well as recovery.
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Mariotti, François. "Animal and Plant Protein Sources and Cardiometabolic Health." Advances in Nutrition 10, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019): S351—S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy110.
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ABSTRACTThe sources or types of protein in the diet have long been overlooked regarding their link to cardiometabolic health. The picture is complicated by the fact that animal and plant proteins are consumed along with other nutrients and substances which make up the “protein package” so plant and animal protein come with clear nutrient clusters. This review aimed at deciphering the relation between plant and animal protein and cardiometabolic health by examining different nutritional levels (such as amino acids, protein type, protein foods, protein patterns, and associated overall dietary and nutrient patterns) and varying levels of scientific evidence [basic science, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational data]. Plant protein in Western countries is a robust marker of nutrient adequacy of the diet, whereas the contribution of animal protein is highly heterogeneous. Yet recent data from large cohorts have confirmed that total and animal proteins are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, even when fully adjusting for lifestyle and dietary or nutritional factors. Here again, there is marked variability depending on the type of animal protein. Protein from processed red meat and total red meat on the one hand, and from legumes, nuts, and seeds on the other, are often reported at the extremes of the risk range. RCTs using purified proteins have contributed little to the topic to date, inasmuch as the findings cannot readily be extrapolated to current or near-future diets, but RCTs studying whole protein foods have shown a beneficial effect of pulses. Despite the fact that many of the benefits of plant protein reported in observational or interventional studies may stem from the protein package that they convey and the nutrients that they displace, there are also important indications that protein per se may affect cardiometabolic health via the many amino acids that are present in typically contrasting levels in plant compared with animal proteins.
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Putra, Christianto, Nicolai Konow, Matthew Gage, Catherine York, and Kelsey Mangano. "Protein Source and Muscle Health in Older Adults: A Literature Review." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030743.
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Research shows that higher dietary protein of up to 1.2 g/kgbodyweight/day may help prevent sarcopenia and maintain musculoskeletal health in older individuals. Achieving higher daily dietary protein levels is challenging, particularly for older adults with declining appetites and underlying health conditions. The negative impact of these limitations on aging muscle may be circumvented through the consumption of high-quality sources of protein and/or supplementation. Currently, there is a debate regarding whether source of protein differentially affects musculoskeletal health in older adults. Whey and soy protein have been used as the most common high-quality proteins in recent literature. However, there is growing consumer demand for additional plant-sourced dietary protein options. For example, pea protein is rapidly gaining popularity among consumers, despite little to no research regarding its long-term impact on muscle health. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to: (1) review current literature from the past decade evaluating whether specific source(s) of dietary protein provide maximum benefit to muscle health in older adults; and (2) highlight the need for future research specific to underrepresented plant protein sources, such as pea protein, to then provide clearer messaging surrounding plant-sourced versus animal-sourced protein and their effects on the aging musculoskeletal system.
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Golder, Christina, James L. Weemhoff, and Dennis E. Jewell. "Cats Have Increased Protein Digestibility as Compared to Dogs and Improve Their Ability to Absorb Protein as Dietary Protein Intake Shifts from Animal to Plant Sources." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030541.
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This retrospective study used 226 dogs and 296 cats to evaluate whether protein absorption was influenced by species, and within species, what influence increasing the percentage of total dietary protein, as plant protein, had on protein absorption. Each food was evaluated by at least one study with a minimum of six dogs or cats assigned to each study. Dietary inclusion of animal and plant based protein was calculated by analysis of ingredients and dietary inclusion level. Both dogs and cats were able to digest dietary plant protein, with protein digestibility in dogs unchanged as plant protein increased, while in cats, eating dry food, an increase in plant protein, was associated with increased protein digestibility. When individual plant high-concentration protein sources (excluding the protein from whole grains) were evaluated (i.e., soybean meal, soybean protein isolate, corn gluten meal, and rice protein concentrate) there was no response to increasing protein from these sources in the dog. In the cat, there was a significant positive effect on protein digestibility associated with an increasing concentration of corn gluten meal. In summary, as the dietary protein shifted from striated muscle and other animal proteins to plant based proteins, there was no effect in the dog, while in cats, increasing dietary plant protein was associated with increasing protein digestibility (5.5% increase at 50% protein from plants in dry cat food). Protein digestibility of food in dogs and cats is similar, if not enhanced, when the plant protein sources are concentrated from soybeans (soybean isolate, soybean meal), corn (corn gluten meal), or rice (rice protein concentrate).
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Fresán, Ujué, Maximino Alfredo Mejia, Winston J. Craig, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, and Joan Sabaté. "Meat Analogs from Different Protein Sources: A Comparison of Their Sustainability and Nutritional Content." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123231.
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Meat analogs are processed foods designed to mimic meat products. Their popularity is increasing among people seeking foods that are healthy and sustainable. Animal-sourced protein products differ in both their environmental impact and nutritional composition. The protein sources to produce meat analogs come from different plants. There is a lack of published research data assessing differences in these two aspects of meat analogs according to the plant protein source. This study compared the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of different types of meat analogs according to their main source of protein (wheat, soy, wheat and soy, or nuts), and their nutritional composition. We also compared totally plant-based products with those containing egg. We performed life cycle analyses of 56 meat analogs from ingredient production to the final commercial product. The nutrient profile of the meat analogs was analyzed based on ingredients. Descriptive statistics and differences between means were assessed through t-test and ANOVA. No differences in GHG emissions were observed among products with different major sources of protein. However, egg-containing products produced significantly higher amounts of GHG (p < 0.05). The nutritional composition of all meat analogs was found to be quite similar. Altogether, total plant-based meat analogs should be the choice for the sake of the environment.
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Lanari, Domenico, and Edo D’Agaro. "Alternative plant protein sources in sea bass diets." Italian Journal of Animal Science 4, no. 4 (January 2005): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2005.365.
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Berrazaga, Insaf, Valérie Micard, Marine Gueugneau, and Stéphane Walrand. "The Role of the Anabolic Properties of Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Sources in Supporting Muscle Mass Maintenance: A Critical Review." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081825.
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Plant-sourced proteins offer environmental and health benefits, and research increasingly includes them in study formulas. However, plant-based proteins have less of an anabolic effect than animal proteins due to their lower digestibility, lower essential amino acid content (especially leucine), and deficiency in other essential amino acids, such as sulfur amino acids or lysine. Thus, plant amino acids are directed toward oxidation rather than used for muscle protein synthesis. In this review, we evaluate the ability of plant- versus animal-based proteins to help maintain skeletal muscle mass in healthy and especially older people and examine different nutritional strategies for improving the anabolic properties of plant-based proteins. Among these strategies, increasing protein intake has led to a positive acute postprandial muscle protein synthesis response and even positive long-term improvement in lean mass. Increasing the quality of protein intake by improving amino acid composition could also compensate for the lower anabolic potential of plant-based proteins. We evaluated and discussed four nutritional strategies for improving the amino acid composition of plant-based proteins: fortifying plant-based proteins with specific essential amino acids, selective breeding, blending several plant protein sources, and blending plant with animal-based protein sources. These nutritional approaches need to be profoundly examined in older individuals in order to optimize protein intake for this population who require a high-quality food protein intake to mitigate age-related muscle loss.
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Gorissen, Stefan H. M., and Oliver C. Witard. "Characterising the muscle anabolic potential of dairy, meat and plant-based protein sources in older adults." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 77, no. 1 (August 29, 2017): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002966511700194x.
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The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is caused, at least in part, by a reduced muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingestion. The magnitude and duration of the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response to ingested protein is dependent on the quantity and quality of the protein consumed. This review characterises the anabolic properties of animal-derived and plant-based dietary protein sources in older adults. While approximately 60 % of dietary protein consumed worldwide is derived from plant sources, plant-based proteins generally exhibit lower digestibility, lower leucine content and deficiencies in certain essential amino acids such as lysine and methionine, which compromise the availability of a complete amino acid profile required for muscle protein synthesis. Based on currently available scientific evidence, animal-derived proteins may be considered more anabolic than plant-based protein sources. However, the production and consumption of animal-derived protein sources is associated with higher greenhouse gas emissions, while plant-based protein sources may be considered more environmentally sustainable. Theoretically, the lower anabolic capacity of plant-based proteins can be compensated for by ingesting a greater dose of protein or by combining various plant-based proteins to provide a more favourable amino acid profile. In addition, leucine co-ingestion can further augment the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response. Finally, prior exercise or n-3 fatty acid supplementation have been shown to sensitise skeletal muscle to the anabolic properties of dietary protein. Applying one or more of these strategies may support the maintenance of muscle mass with ageing when diets rich in plant-based protein are consumed.
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Ahnen, Rylee T., Satya S. Jonnalagadda, and Joanne L. Slavin. "Role of plant protein in nutrition, wellness, and health." Nutrition Reviews 77, no. 11 (July 19, 2019): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz028.
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Abstract Plant-based diets, and more specifically plant-based proteins, have been the subject of growing interest from researchers and consumers because of their potential health benefits as well as their positive environmental impact. Of course, plant proteins are found in plant foods, and positive health benefits of plant foods are linked to dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. In epidemiological studies it is not possible to separate out the health benefits of plant foods in general as opposed to plant proteins specifically. Additionally, few vegans, who consume only plant-based proteins, are included in existing prospective cohort studies. Isolated plant proteins (soy, pea) have been used in intervention trials, but often to improve biomarkers linked to disease risk, including serum lipids or blood pressure. This review is an overview of plant proteins, the whole foods they are associated with, and the potential health benefits linked to consumption of protein from plant sources. Plant proteins and their potential for reducing the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, diabetes management, cancer prevention, and weight management are each discussed, as are the various rating systems currently used to determine protein quality from plant sources. Although additional research is needed that focuses specifically on the role that plant protein plays in the prevention and management of these chronic illnesses, rather than the role played by a more general plant-based diet, evidence suggests that plant proteins offer nutritional benefits to those who consume them. Limitations to plant proteins, including lower protein quality, must also be considered in this discussion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plant protein sources"
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Bhattacharya, Monisha. "The utilization of wheat landraces as sources of novel starch and protein quality." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18678063.
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Estruch, Cucarella Guillem. "ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF HIGH PLANT PROTEIN DIETS ON THE INTESTINAL STATUS OF THE ON-GROWING GILTHEAD SEA BREAM (Sparus aurata, L.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/113063.
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Aunque el uso de altos niveles de fuentes de proteína vegetal en piensos para doradas de engorde se ha alcanzado con éxito en cuanto al crecimiento, estas dietas todavía están asociadas a efectos negativos en la eficiencia nutricional y en la capacidad inmunitaria. El intestino es el órgano donde se produce la primera interacción entre el pez, los nutrientes y las bacterias del medio, y desarrolla un papel crucial en la digestión de los nutrientes y la respuesta infamatoria e inmune. Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el impacto de distintas dietas con altos niveles de proteína vegetal, y especialmente, en la evaluación del estatus intestinal de las doradas de engorde alimentadas con altos niveles de sustitución de la harina de pescado durante un periodo largo de tiempo.
Los cambios observados en el intestino se caracterizaron mediante el uso de distintas estrategias, como el análisis de la digestibilidad y la retención de amino ácidos, de la excreción de amonio, de la actividad de enzimas digestivos, de los cambios histológico o de la expresión de genes relacionados con la función y el mantenimiento de la arquitectura intestinal, así como técnicas ómicas para el análisis del proteoma y de la microbiota intestinal. Se ensayaron distintos niveles de sustitución de harina de pescado, pero el impacto de las dietas con una sustitución completa, bien complementada con subproductos de origen marino o suplementada con aminoácidos libres sintéticos, recibió mayor atención.
La sustitución completa de la harina de pescado provocó una reducción, aunque ligera, del crecimiento y de la eficiencia digestiva y nutritiva de la dorada de engorde, aunque el impacto sobre el crecimiento era mayor cuando los peces eran alimentados desde la época de juveniles con estas dietas. La digestibilidad y el nivel de síntesis de proteína se vio alterada, aunque no se observaron diferencias significativas en la actividad enzimática digestiva. No obstante, el impacto de las fuentes vegetales cuando no había fuentes de proteína marina en la dieta era especialmente crítico para la supervivencia de los peces. En el intestino de estos peces solo se observaron diferencias menores relacionadas con la inflamación a nivel histológico, pero también se observó una disminución en la expresión génica de genes involucrados en la inflamación y la respuesta inmune. El análisis de la microbiota intestinal reveló cambios significativos en la composición de su composición, especialmente en el intestino posterior, sugiriendo una posible falta de capacidad de regular la respuesta inmune y de modular la colonización de bacterias patógenas tras un largo periodo de alimentación con esta dieta. Por otro lado, el análisis del proteoma de la mucosa intestinal también mostró un claro impacto sobre distintos procesos biológicos relacionados con el mantenimiento del homeostasis intestinal y de la integridad epitelial. Por el contrario, no se observó un impacto de la sustitución de la harina de pescado a nivel de expresión génica o del proteoma cuando se incorporaba a la dieta una fuente de proteína marina complementaria, aunque sí que se observaron algunos signos menores de inflamación.
Por último, se desarrolló un sistema ex vivo para estudiar la respuesta inflamatoria e inmune de la mucosa intestinal a la presencia de distintas bacterias, y se realizó un ensayo preliminar en dorada para evaluar el efecto de la dieta sobre esta respuesta.
En resumen, en este trabajo se ha realizado una evaluación extensa y detallada de los efectos a nivel intestinal de la inclusión de altos niveles de proteína vegetal en la dieta para doradas de engorde. Los resultados indican que las alteraciones en la capacidad inmune, la homeostasis y la microbiota intestinal aparecían solo cuando la proteína procedía exclusivamente de fuentes vegetales, y podrían explicar la mayor mortalidad registrada con esta dieta.Malgrat que la utilització d'alts nivells de proteïna vegetal en pinsos per a dorades en la fase d'engreixament s'ha aconseguit amb èxit en quan al creixement, aquestes dietes encara s'associen amb freqüència amb efectes negatius en l'eficiència nutricional i la capacitat immunitària. L'intestí és l'òrgan on es produeix la primera interacció entre el peix, els nutrients de la dieta i les bactèries de l'ambient, i juga un paper fonamental en la digestió dels nutrients i en la resposta inflamatòria i immune. Aquesta tesi doctoral es centra en l'impacte de diferents dietes experimentals amb un alt nivell de proteïna vegetal, i especialment, en l'avaluació de l'estat de l'intestí de les dorades d'engreixament alimentades durant un llarg període amb alts nivells de substitució de farina de peix. Els distints canvis observats a nivell intestinal es van descriure mitjançant l'ús de distintes estratègies, com l'anàlisi de la digestibilitat i la retenció dels aminoàcids, de l'excreció d'amoni i de l'activitat enzimàtica, dels canvis histològic o de l'expressió de gens relacionats amb la funció i el manteniment de l'estructura intestinal, així com tècniques òmiques per a l'anàlisi del proteoma i de la microbiota intestinal. Es van assatjar diferents nivells de substitució de farina de peix, però l'impacte de les dietes amb substitució completa, bé complementada amb subproductes d'origen marí o suplementada amb aminoàcids lliures sintètics, va rebre major atenció. La substitució completa de la farina de peix va tenir un efecte lleugerament negatiu sobre el creixement i l'eficiència digestiva i nutritiva de la dorada d'engreixament, encara que l'impacte era major quan els peixos eren alimentats des de la fase de juvenils amb aquesta dieta. La digestibilitat i el nivell de síntesis de proteïna es va veure alterada, encara que no s'observaren diferències significatives en l'activitat dels enzims digestius. No obstant, l'impacte de les fonts vegetals quan s'eliminaven per complet les fonts de proteïna marina de la dieta era especialment crític en la supervivència dels peixos. En l'intestí d'aquests peixos sols s'observaren xicotets indicis d'inflamació a nivell histològic, però també es va observar una disminució l'expressió de gens involucrats amb el procés inflamatori i la resposta immune. L'estudi de la microbiota intestinal va revelar canvis significatius en la composició, especialment a l'intestí posterior, suggerint una possible falta de capacitat de regular la resposta immunitària i de modular la colonització per part de patògens després d'un llarg període d'alimentació amb aquesta dieta. D'altra banda, l'anàlisi del proteoma de la mucosa intestinal també va mostrar un impacte clar sobre diferents processos biològics relacionats amb el manteniment de l'homeòstasi intestinal i de la integritat de l'epiteli. Per contra, no es van observar un impacte de la substitució de la farina de peix a nivell d'expressió gènica o proteoma quan s'incloïa a la dieta una font complementària de proteïna d'origen marí, encara que sí que s'observaven alguns signes d'inflamació. Per últim, es va desenvolupar un sistema ex vivo per avaluar la resposta inflamatòria i immune de la mucosa intestinal davant la presència de diferents bactèries, i es va realitzar un assaig preliminar per determinar l'efecte de la dieta sobre aquesta resposta. En resum, en aquest treball s'ha realitzat una avaluació extensa i detallada dels efectes a nivell intestinal de la inclusió d'alts nivells de fonts de proteïna vegetal a les dieta per a les dorades d'engreixament. Els resultats indiquen que les alteracions en la capacitat immunitària, l'homeòstasi i la microbiota intestinal eren observades solament quan la proteïna era exclusivament obtinguda de fonts vegetals, i podrien explicar la major mortalitat observada amb aquesta dieta.
Although the inclusion of plant protein sources at high levels in aquafeeds for on-growing gilthead seabream has been successfully achieved on gilthead seabream in terms of growth, these diets are still associated to detrimental effects in feed efficiency and immune capacity. The intestine is the organ where takes place the first interaction of the host with dietary antigen or environmental bacteria, and plays a major role in the digestion of nutrients and the inflammatory and the immune response. The present PhD thesis focus on the impact of classical formulated high plant protein diets on fish performance, but especially, on evaluation of the intestinal status in on-growing fish long-term fed with high levels of fishmeal replacement. Changes at intestinal level were characterized by using different approaches, including protein and amino acid digestibility and retention and ammonia excretion, digestive enzyme activity, histology, expression of genes related with inflammation, immunity, structure and digestion, but also using whole tissue-level techniques for the analysis of the impact on proteome and gut microbiota. Different levels of fishmeal replacement were assayed, although the impact of diets with total replacement, complemented by inclusion of alternative marine by-products or supplemented by free amino acids, received greater attention. Total fish replacement produced a negative but minor impact on the growth and nutritive and digestive performance of on-growing gilthead seabream. Nevertheless, when fish were fed from juvenile stage with plant protein based diets, a higher negative impact in growth terms was noticed. Digestibility and metabolic use of amino acids was altered, but no differences were observed in the digestive enzyme activities. Nonetheless, feeding fish with total dietary fishmeal replacement by plant protein without any marine protein source was especially critical for survival rate. In these fish, gut histological assessment only revealed minor alterations related with an inflammatory response, but gene expression assay showed a down-regulation of several genes involved in the inflammatory and immune response. Moreover, a drastic change in the microbiota composition was observed, especially at the hindgut, revealing a possible lack of capacity to regulate a defensive response and to face with pathogen colonisation after a long-term coupling with these diet. Likewise, gut mucosa proteome analysis also suggests an impact on biological processes related with the maintenance of gut homeostasis and the epithelial integrity. In contrast, total fishmeal replacement did not induce alterations at transcript or proteomic level when diet was complemented with marine ingredients, although some minor inflammatory signs were reported. On the other hand, an ex vivo system to study the inflammatory and immune response of the gut mucosa to the presence of different bacteria was developed, and a preliminary assay evaluating the impact of the diet on this response was performed. To sum up, present works represents a wide assessment at intestinal level of the effects of including plant protein sources at high levels in aqua feeds for on-growing gilthead seabream. Results indicate that alterations in the immune capacity, the gut homeostasis and the microbiota were observed when protein was exclusively provided by plant sources, and could explain the higher mortality reported with this diet.
Estruch Cucarella, G. (2018). ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF HIGH PLANT PROTEIN DIETS ON THE INTESTINAL STATUS OF THE ON-GROWING GILTHEAD SEA BREAM (Sparus aurata, L.) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113063
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Veiverberg, Cátia Aline. "Alimentos convencionais e não-convencionais na engorda e qualidade de pescado do jundiá(Rhamdia quelen)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4327.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoDie to rapid growth of aquaculture and the consequent increase for aquaculture feed, the industry's main challenge is to identify potential dietary ingredients that ensure satisfactory performance, economic viability and quality of fish. Considering this demand, the aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of different protein sources on feeding of jundiá juvenile, and their effects on growth, metabolism and quality of fish. Three experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, diets containing alternative protein sources in combination with soybean meal were evaluated: PMM: porcine meat meal; CM: canola meal; SFM: sunflower meal; PBM: poultry by-product meal. After 12 experimental weeks, jundiá fed diets PMM and PBM showed greater weight gain and better feed conversion than those fed diets with plant-protein diets. The enzyme activity, intestinal quotient and somatic indices changed according to the dietary protein source. Fish fed diets PMM and PBM had higher concentrations of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, and higher fat content in fillet and whole fish, reflecting the higher fat diets. Fish fed diets CM and SFM had lower protein deposition. In the second experiment, the aim was to evaluate the effect of supplementation strategies for limiting amino acids in the diet of jundiá on growth, metabolic response and possible impact on fillet quality. The experimental diets were: CON: porcine meat meal + soybean meal, supplemented with lysine and methionine; MIX: mixture of plant and animal-protein sources, without supplementation of synthetic amino acids; VEG: mixture of plant-protein meals and supplementation with lysine and methionine. At the end of eight weeks trial, there were no significant differences on the performance and fillet composition. However, there were changes in metabolic response of jundiá die to diet composition, which was reflected in body fat content. The VEG diet altered the color and brightness of fillets, although these differences were not detected in the sensory analysis. The third experiment was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, gross energy and fat of the following ingredients: canola meal, porcine meat meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal and poultry by-product meal. Feces were collected in modified Guelph system, using chromium oxide (0.2% in diet) as marker. From the ADC of diets were estimated ADC of ingredients. Porcine meat meal showed the worst digestibility coefficients for all nutritional fractions (about 30%), whereas plant-protein sources showed good digestibility coefficients (between 70 and 80%). Based on the results obtained in this work, we can conclude that: canola meal or sunflower meal in combination with soybean meal in large quantities are not an alternative dietary protein to jundiá; The combination of three plant protein meals, included in small amounts in the diet can provide similar weight gain to that obtained with the CON diet; There is no need for supplementation of free amino acids in diets composed by the combination of vegetable and animal meals in small proportions.
Com o crescimento acelerado da aquicultura e consequente aumento da demanda por rações aquícolas, o principal desafio da indústria consiste em identificar ingredientes potenciais para inclusão nas dietas, que garantam desempenho satisfatório, viabilidade econômica e qualidade do pescado. Considerando esta demanda, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a combinação de fontes proteicas de origem animal e vegetal na alimentação de juvenis de jundiá, e seus efeitos sobre o crescimento, metabolismo e a qualidade do pescado. Foram conduzidos três experimentos, dois de crescimento e um de digestibilidade. No experimento 1, foram avaliadas dietas contendo fontes proteicas alternativas em combinação com farelo de soja: FCS: farinha de carne suína; FCN: farelo de canola; FGI: farelo de girassol; FVA: farinha de vísceras de aves. Ao final de 12 semanas, os jundiás alimentados com as dietas FCS e FVA apresentaram maior ganho em peso e melhor conversão alimentar que os alimentados com as dietas vegetais. A atividade enzimática, o quociente intestinal e os índices hepato e digestivo-somático foram alterados em função da fonte proteica da dieta. Os peixes alimentados com as dietas FCS e FVA apresentaram maior concentração de triglicerídeos e colesterol plasmáticos, além de maior percentual de gordura no filé e no peixe inteiro, como reflexo do maior teor de gordura nas dietas. Os peixes alimentados com as dietas FCN e FGI apresentaram menor taxa de deposição de proteína corporal e no filé. No segundo experimento, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de estratégias de suplementação de aminoácidos limitantes na dieta de jundiás sobre o desempenho zootécnico, resposta metabólica e possíveis reflexos na qualidade dos filés. As dietas avaliadas foram: CON: farinha de carne suína+farelo de soja+suplementação com lisina e metionina; MIX: mistura de farelos vegetais e farinhas animais sem suplementação de aminoácidos livres; VEG: mistura de farelos vegetais e suplementação com lisina e metionina. Ao final de oito semanas, não foram observadas diferenças significativas no desempenho zootécnico e composição dos filés nos diferentes tratamentos. Entretanto, houve alteração da resposta metabólica dos jundiás em função da composição da dieta, que se refletiu no teor de gordura corporal. A dieta VEG alterou a cor e a luminosidade dos filés de jundiá. Entretanto, estas diferenças não foram detectadas na análise sensorial. O terceiro experimento foi realizado para avaliar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, energia bruta e gordura dos seguintes ingredientes: farelo de canola, farinha de carne suína, farelo de girassol, farelo de soja e farinha de aves. As fezes foram coletadas em sistema de Guelph modificado, utilizando óxido de cromo (0,2% na dieta). A partir dos CDA das dietas foram estimados os CDA dos ingredientes. A farinha de carne suína apresentou os piores coeficientes de digestibilidade para todas as frações nutricionais (em torno de 30%), enquanto que as fontes proteicas vegetais apresentaram bons coeficientes de digestibilidade (entre 70 e 80%). Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que: Os farelos de canola ou de girassol em combinação com o farelo de soja, em grandes quantidades, não se apresentam como alternativa proteica na dieta de jundiás na fase de recria/engorda; A combinação de farelos vegetais, incluídos em pequenas quantidades na dieta, é capaz de proporcionar ganho em peso semelhante ao obtido com a dieta controle; Não há necessidade de suplementação de aminoácidos livres em dietas compostas pela combinação de farelos vegetais e farinhas animais em pequenas proporções.
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Bergamin, Giovani Taffarel. "Remoção de antinutrientes de fontes protéicas vegetais para alimentação do jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4347.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoWith the expanding aquaculture activity, high quality ingredients for fish feeding are required. In order to prevent the risk of depending on fish meal, research institutions and the industry itself, have conducted studies to reduce the dependence of fish meal increasing the nutritional value of alternative feedstuffs. The objective of the study was to evaluate different methods of inactivation of antinutritional compounds on nutrient availability of plant protein sources for catfish. The work was divided into three parts: removal of antinutrients, growth trial, and digestibility experiment. In the first part, different chemical treatments for removal of phytic acid, total phenols and tannins in canola, soybean and sunflower meals were tested. The treatments were: acidified water (pH 1.0); ethanol PA + methanol PA; acidified ethanol PA (pH 1.0); ethanol + water PA 70:30 pH 1.0; acidified water + ethanol PA, used separatelly. Washing with pH 1,0 water, followed by washing in ethanol PA was the best alternative for removal of phytic acid, phenols and tannins of canola, sunflower and soybean meal. In the growth experiment were evaluated growth performance, body composition, biochemical parameters, enzymatic profile and intestinal morphometry of juvenile catfish fed with plant ingredients, treated or not treated for removal of antinutrients. Treatments were: control diet, with fish meal as only protein source (CON); replacement of 30% of fishmeal protein by untreated soybean meal (SNT), canola meal (CNT) and sunflower meal (GNT) or the same ingredients submitted to treatment: (ST), (CT) and (GT) (soybean, canola and sunflower, respectively). The treatment is effective, with the exception of phytic acid in soybean meal. ST and CT can replace 30% of fish meal protein, without affecting the growth of animals. There is no difference in the performance of fish fed CT compared to CNT, and GT compared to GNT. For soybean meal, there is improvement in the nutritional value after treatment. The biochemical changes do not appear to be linked to the antinutritional factors. There is no interference of the treatment on the enzymatic activity of silver catfish. Fish fed with untreated ingredients showed enlargement in the thickness of the muscle layer in the intestinal epithelium. The number of villi is higher in fish fed with treated ingredients. There is an increase in the thickness of the lamina propria of the villi in fish fed with the untreated ingredients. In the digestibility experiment, were evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of plant ingredients, submitted or not to chemical treatment to remove antinutritional factors in diets for jundiá. The ADC for crude protein was higher in ST, compared to CT and CNT, but did not differ from the others. GNT, GT and CNT showed the lowest ADC for organic matter. The removal of antinutrients do not affect the ADC of crude protein, dry matter and organic matter in soybean and sunflower meal. For canola meal, removing antinutritional factors improve dry matter digestibility. In addition, besides the antinutrients, special care must be taken to concentration or removal of other nutrients when using chemical treatments, otherwise the nutritional value of the ingredient can be affected.
Com a expansão da atividade de aquicultura, surgem também demandas por ingredientes de qualidade para uso em dietas para peixes. Nas últimas décadas, devido à probabilidade de escassez de farinha de peixe, diversas instituições de pesquisa, assim como a própria indústria, têm realizado estudos a fim de reduzir a dependência desta fonte de proteína, através de técnicas para o aumento da qualidade nutricional de ingredientes alternativos à farinha de peixe. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar diferentes métodos de inativação de compostos antinutricionais sobre a disponibilidade de nutrientes de fontes proteicas de origem vegetal para o jundiá. O trabalho foi dividido em três etapas: tratamento dos farelos, experimento de desempenho e experimento de digestibilidade. Na primeira etapa, foi feita a avaliação da eficiência de diferentes tratamentos químicos para remoção de ácido fítico, fenóis totais e taninos totais em farelos de canola, soja e girassol, visando a utilização em dietas para peixes. Os tratamentos foram: água acidificada (pH 1,0); etanol P.A. + metanol P.A. + água; etanol P.A. acidificado (pH 1,0); etanol P.A. + água 70:30 pH 1,0; água acidificada + etanol P.A. utilizados individualmente. O processamento dos farelos através de lavagem com água em pH 1,0, seguido por lavagem em etanol P.A, apresenta comportamento mais uniforme, sendo o mais indicado para a retirada de ácido fítico, fenóis totais e taninos totais dos farelos de canola, girassol e soja. No experimento de crescimento, foram avaliados desempenho zootécnico, composição corporal, parâmetros bioquímicos, perfil enzimático e morfometria intestinal de juvenis de jundiá alimentados com ingredientes vegetais, submetidos ou não a tratamento para remoção de antinutrientes. Os tratamentos foram: dieta controle, à base de farinha de peixe (CON); substituição de 30% da proteína da farinha de peixe por farelos de soja (SNT), canola (CNT) ou girassol (GNT) sem tratamento ou tratados: (ST), (CT) e (GT) (soja, canola e girassol, respectivamente). O tratamento é eficaz na remoção de antinutrientes, com exceção do ácido fítico do farelo de soja. Farelos de soja e canola tratados podem substituir 30% da proteína da farinha de peixe, sem prejudicar o crescimento dos animais. Não há diferença no desempenho de jundiás alimentados com farelo de canola tratado e nãotratado ou girassol tratado e não-tratado. Para farelo de soja, há melhora na qualidade nutricional após tratamento. As alterações bioquímicas não parecem estar ligadas aos fatores antinutricionais presentes. Não há interferência do tratamento sobre a atividade enzimática de jundiás. Peixes alimentados com os farelos não-tratados apresentam camada muscular do epitélio intestinal mais espessa. O número de vilosidades é maior nos peixes alimentados com os farelos tratados. Há aumento na espessura da lamina propria das vilosidades nos peixes alimentados com os farelos não-tratados. No experimento de digestibilidade, foram determinados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos farelos de canola, girassol e soja, submetidos ou não a tratamento químico para extração de antinutrientes, em dietas para o jundiá. O tratamento para remoção de antinutrientes não afeta os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, matéria seca e matéria orgânica dos farelos de soja e girassol. Para o farelo de canola, a remoção de fatores antinutricionais melhora a digestibilidade da matéria seca. A avaliação de tratamentos para retirada de fatores antinutricionais deve levar em consideração, além da remoção de antinutrientes, a concentração e/ou remoção dos demais nutrientes durante o processo e sua relação com a qualidade nutricional do ingrediente.
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Ljiljana, Popović. "Izučavanje funkcionalnih svojstava enzimski modifikovanih biljnih globulina." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2012. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=77565&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Predmet doktorske disertacije je izučavanje različitih bioprocesa za modifikovanje biljnih globulina radi unapređenja njihovih funkcionalnih karakteristika. Istraživanja su zasnovana na karakterizaciji i enzimskoj modifikaciji glavnog rezervnog proteina (12S), kukurbitina, iz semena uljane tikve (Cucurbita pepo). Osnova istraživanja je enzimska konverzija globulina i dobijanje proteinskih modifikata delovanjem hidrolaza i transferaza. U okviru istraživanja, enzimski procesi modifikacije globulina izučavani su sa dva aspekta: enzimska hidroliza i enzimsko umrežavanje (cross-linking), primenom komercijalnih enzimskih preparata. Takođe istraživanja obuhvataju i razvoj i kontrolu samih bioprocesa definisanjem i optimizacijom procesnih parametara (temperature, pH, koncentracije enzima i supstrata, vreme reakcije). Ovako definisani procesi eksploatisani su u cilju kreiranja željenih funkcionalnih karakteristika proteina spram njihove potencijalne primene u formulacijama hrane. Odabir i optimizacija procesnih parametara i modelovanje bioprocesa izvedeno je implementiranjem nove kompjuterske i analitičke metodologijeThe PhD thesis research is aimed at development of different bioprocesses for modification of plant globulins in order to improve their functional properties. Studies are based on characterization and enzymatic modification of major storage protein (12S), cucurbitin derived from pumpkin oil seed (Cucurbita pepo). The base of research is enzymatic conversion of cucurbitin by hydrolase and transferase. Two different enzymatic processes are used for protein modification: (i) enzymatic hydrolysis and (ii) enzymatic cross-linking. To monitor, control the bioprocesses, and definition of process parameters, such as temperature, pH, enzyme-substrate ratio, reaction time, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used. In addition, RSM was employed for production of protein modification with desired functional properties.
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Senka, Popović. "Istraživanje dobijanja i karakterizacija biorazgradivih kompozitnih filmova na bazi biljnih proteina." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2013. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=83221&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Predmet doktorske disertacije je ispitivanje mogućnosti karakterizacija novih biorazgradivih kompozitnih filmova nabazi biljnih proteina. Osnovno istraživanje se bazira naispitivanju mogućnosti dobijanja kompozitnih filmova na baziobnovljivih sirovina, vlažnim postupkom ("casting" metoda),karakterizaciji dobijenih filmova i modifikaciji uslova dobijanjaradi poboljšanja osobina formiranog filma. Istraživanja sezasnivaju na dobijanju filmova na bazi pogače uljane tikvegolice (Cucurbita pepo L. c. v. Olinka) (pumpkin oil cake –PuOC), njenog proteinskog izolata i njihove kombinacije sadrugim filmogenim polimerima (proteinima i polisaharidima).Istraživanje podrazumeva procenu mogućnosti primene PuOCradi delimične zamene opšte poznatih filmogenih materijala,kao i produkciju filmova od PuOC i od proteinskog izolataPuOC. Za produkciju filmova, od važnosti je ispitivanjeprocesnih parametara (temperatura, pH, period denaturacije,uslovi sušenja, itd.) i komponenti koje formiraju film (količinapolimera sa sposobnošću formiranja filma, količina i vrstaplastifikatora, količina i vrsta agenasa za umrežavanje, itd.). Sobzirom na velik broj parametara koji utiču na formiranje filma,kao i na osobine formiranih filmova, ispitano je međusobnodelovanja više faktora na mogućnost produkcije i osobinedobijenog filma. Odabir i optimizacija procesnih parametara i modelovanje produkcije filmova izvedeno je implementiranjemnove kompjuterske i analitičke metodologije. Osobine značajneza dalju primenu dobijenih filmova podrazumevaju mehaničkeosobine (zateznu jačinu i izduženje pri kidanju), barijerne(propustljivost gasova) i fizičko-hemijske karakteristike(rastvorljivost, količinu rastvorljivih proteina, biološkuaktivnost u vidu antioksidantne aktivnosti), a ispitane su u ciljudeklarisanja potencijalne aplikacije filma. Dodatno, ispitana jemogućnost produkcije kompozitnih filmova proteinskiizolat/hitozan, kao i primena enzimskog umrežavanja (crosslinking)enzimom transglutaminaza (TGaza), radi dobijanjafilmova sa unapređenim karakteristikama. Istraživanja suvođena i u smeru karakterizacije strukture nastalih filmova,primenom tehnika elektron skenirajuće mikroskopije,deferencijalne skening kalorimetrije, gasne hromatografije iFurije transformišuće infracrvene spektrofotometrije.The subject of the doctoral dissertation is to examine the possibility ofproduction and characterization of new biodegradable compositefilms based on plant proteins. The research is based on anexamination of the possibility of obtaining composite films based onrenewable raw materials, using the casting method, on thecharacterization of the obtained films and the requirement for themodification to improve the properties of the formed film. Theresearch is aimed to evaluate the possibility of the productionthe new biodegradable films based on hull-less pumpkin(Cucurbita pepo L. c. v. Olinka) oil cake (pumpkin oil cake -PuOC), its protein isolates and their combinations with otherfilmogenous polymers (proteins and polysaccharides). Thestudy involves partial replacement of commonly well-knownfilmogenous materials with PuOC, and production of filmsbased on the whole PuOC and the protein isolates from PuOC.For film production, it is important to investigate the processparameters (temperature, pH, denaturation period, drying conditions,etc.), film-forming components (the amount of polymer with filmformingability, the amount and type of plasticizer, the amount andtype of cross-linking agents, etc..). As the large number of parametersinfluence the film formation, as well as the properties of formedfilms, the interaction of several factors which affect the possibility ofthe production and properties of the obtained film, was examined.Selection and optimization of process parameters and modeling offilm production will be carried out by implementing a new computerand analytical methodology. Characteristics important for furtherapplication of the obtained films include mechanical properties(tensile strength and elongation at break), barrier (gas permeability)and physical-chemical properties (solubility, the amount of solubleproteins, biological activity in the form of antioxidant activity) andwere tested for the purpose of declaring potential application of the produced films. Additionaly, the possibility of production of composite films protein isolate/chitosan, and the application of enzymatic networks (cross-linking) by the enzymetransglutaminase, in order to obtain films with improvedproperties, was examined. Research was conducted in thedirection of the characterization of films formed by applying thetechniques of scanning electron microscopy, diferentialscanning calorimetry, gas chromatography and Fouriertransforming infrared spectrophotometry.
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Sandra, Bučko. "Adsorpciona i emulgujuća svojstva proteinskog izolata i hidrolizata semena tikve (Cucurbita pepo)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=114894&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Seme tikve (Cucurbita pepo) obiluje kako uljem tako i proteinima. Nakon izdvajanja ulja, proteini se koncentrišu u uljanoj pogači, sekundarnom proizvodu procesa proizvodnje ulja, gde njihov sadrţaj dostiţe do 65%. Proteini semena tikve su primamljiv sastojak za prehrambenu, farmaceutsku i kozmetičku industriju zbog svoje farmakološke aktivnosti i visoke biološke vrednosti. Pored toga, budući da su mnogi proizvodi ovih industrija po svojoj koloidnoj prirodi emulzije, proteini semena tikve bi se u njima mogli naći i kao prirodne površinski aktivne materije. Međutim, koloidna funkcionalnost proteina semena tikve se još uvek potcenjuje zbog globularne strukture za koju se vezuju slabija funkcionalna svojstva u odnosu na proteine sa fleksibilnijom strukturom. Prema tome, cilj ove disertacije je ispitivanje funkcionalnih osobina proteinskog izolata semena tikve, pre svega njegovih adsorpcionih i emulgujućih svojstava, kao i ispitivanje uticaja promene proteinske strukture putem enzimske hidrolize na ispitivana svojstva.Pripremljeni su izolat proteina semena tikve (IPST) i dva enzimska hidrolizata, H1 i H2. IPST, H1 i H2 su okarakterisani određivanjem sadržaja vlage, proteina i pepela, zatim, određivanjem prinosa, molekulske mase i zeta potencijala. Ispitan je uticaj koncentracije proteina/peptida (0,0001–1 g/100 cm3), pH (3–8) i jonske jačine (0–1 mol/dm3 NaCl) na rastvorljivost i adsorpciona svojstva: dinamički međupovršinski pritisak (ulje/voda), statički površinski (vazduh/voda) i međupovršinski (ulje/voda) pritisak, kinetiku adsorpcije i dilatacionu reologiju proteinskih adsorpcionih filmova. Nakon toga, ispitan je i uticaj pomenutih parametara na emulziona svojstva IPST, H1 i H2. Emulgujuća svojstva IPST, H1 i H2 su okarakterisana na osnovu prosečnog prečnika kapljica emulzija, raspodele veličina kapljica i stabilnosti emulzija.Utvrđeno je da je prinos IPST veći od prinosa oba hidrolizata za oko 65 %. IPST ima najniţu rastvorljivost na pH=5, što ujedno predstavlja i njegovu izoelektričnu tačku. Enzimskom hidrolizom IPST značajno se povećava rastvorljivost, posebno na pI=5. Povećanje jonske jačine je izazvalo salting–in ili salting–out efekat rastvorljivosti kod svih uzoraka u zavisnosti od pH. IPST, H1 i H2 poseduju površinsku aktivnost pri čemu je površinski/međupovršinski pritisak H1 i H2 manje zavistan od promene pH i jonske jačine u poređenju sa površinskim/međupovršinskim pritiskom IPST. Adsorpcijom na granicu faza IPST i oba hidrolizata obrazuju adsorpcione filmove sa dominantnom elastičnom komponentom. Emulgujuća svojstva IPST, H1 i H2 zavise od koncentracije uzorka, pH vrednosti i jonske jačine kontinualne faze. Pri koncentraciji od 1 g/100 cm3 i Ic=0 mol/dm3 pripremljene emulzije su stabilne na svim pH osim emulzije IPST na pH 5. Sve emulzije podležu gravitacionoj nestabilnosti.Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed is rich source of both, oil and proteins. Once the oil has been extracted, proteins concentrate in oil cake, a by–product of the oilextraction process, where their content can reach up to 65%. Pumpkin seed proteins are desirable ingredient in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry due to their pharmacological activities and high biological value. Moreover, since many of products of these industries are, in colloidal terms, emulsions, pumpkin seed proteins could serve as surface active materies. However, colloidal functionality of pumpkin seed proteins is still underestimated for their globular structure which entails inferior functional properties to functional properties of proteins with more flexible structure. Based on that, the aim of this dissertation is to investigate functional properties of pumpkin seed protein isolate, adsorption and emulsifying properties, in the first place, and then to investigate the influence of modification of the protein structure, by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, on the aforementioned properties.Pumpkin seed protein isolate, IPST, and two enzymatic hydrolysates, H1 and H2, were prepared. IPST, H1 and H2 were characterized by determination of moisture, ash and protein content, then, by determination of protein recovery, molecular mass and zeta potential. Influence of the protein/peptide concentration (0.0001–1 g/100 cm3), pH (3–8) i ionic strength (0–1 mol/dm3 NaCl) on the solubility and adsorption properties: dynamic interfacial (oil/water) pressure, static surface (air/water) and interfacial (oil/water) pressure, adsorption kinetics and interfacial dilatational properties, wasinvestigated next. In the end, influence of the aforementioned pharameters on the emulsifying properties of IPST, H1 and H2 was investigated. Emulsifying properties of IPST, H1 and H2 were discussed in terms of mean droplet diameter, droplet size distribution and emulsion stability.Protein recovery of IPST was determined to be 65 % higher than recovery of H1 and H2. Solubility of IPST was the lowest at pH 5, what presents the isoelectric point. The enzymatic hydrolysis of IPST significantly increased solubility, especialy at the isoelectric point. Increase in the ionic strenght led to salting–in or salting–out effect depending on pH of the sample. Three investigated samples, IPST, H1 and H2 exhibited surface activity, however, sufrace/interfacial pressure of H1 and H2 were found to be less influenced by change in pH or ionic strenght of the solution in comparison to the IPST. Once adsorbed to the interface IPST and both hydrolysates form interfacial film with dominant elastic component. Emulsifying properties of IPST, H1 and H2 depend on the concentration, pH and ionic strength of the continuous phase. Stabile emulsions were formed at concentration of 1 g/100 cm3 and Ic=0 mol/dm3 regardless of pH, with the exception of the IPST at pH 5. All emulsions were susceptibile to gravitational separation.
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Lee, Bong Joo. "Effects of dietary level of indispensable amino acids and feeding strategies on growth and biochemical responses in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376967154.
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Robbana-Barnat, Saïda. "Toxicite et pouvoir immunomodulateur de mycotoxines (desoxynivalenol, t-2 toxine)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066597.
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YIE, TAN HUI, and 陳慧儀. "Dietary sources of animal or plant protein and selective minerals on children growth development." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12323272011670755283.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
人類發展與家庭學系
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Dietary intake of plant foods rather than animal foods is currently encouraged by World Health Organization (WHO) for a better health and prevention of chronic disease. Therefore, dietary intake and food sources of protein or minerals play an important role on children’s diet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dietary intake of animal and plant minerals calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and protein among local pre-school children aged 6 years old, and to examine its association with children’s anthropometric status, food sources intake and other relevant factors. This research is a prospective cohort studies, which included the first cohort of 151 children and the second cohort of 150 children recruited from the Taipei Municipal Women’s and Children’s Hospital and the National Taiwan University Hospital in 2002 and 2004. The methodology and questionnaire content adopted in two cohorts are identical. The intakes of dietary animal and plant minerals or protein are calculated by using the 2-day 24-hours recall to obtain the average daily intake and its ratio. The software of SPSS 19.0 and STATA 8.0 are used for the statistical analysis. The results indicate that dietary animal and plant calcium intake are 220±140 mg and 108±57 mg, its ratio ranged from 0.04~11.03 (ratio<1:22%). Dietary animal and plant magnesium intake are 46±18 mg and 103± 6 mg, its ratio ranged from 0.04~1.45 (ratio<1:96.7%). Dietary animal and plant iron intake each 4±2 mg and 5±2 mg, its ratio ranged from 0.05~3.81 (ratio<1:58.5%). Dietary animal and plant zinc intake are 3±2 mg and 3±1 mg, its ratio ranged from 0.11~4.20 (ratio<1:61%). Dietary animal and plant protein intake each 26±10 g and 25±7 g, its ratio ranged from 0.19~3.43 (ratio<1:50.4%). It’s showed that plant foods contribute mainly to dietary intake of minerals magnesium, iron and zinc among these children, while animal foods contribute to dietary intake of calcium, and the dietary protein’s food sources intake are considered balanced. Compare to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), calcium intake is inadequacy and below the DRIs, magnesium and zinc are about 1.2 times more than DRIs, iron intake is approaching DRIs, while protein intake is about 1.7 times more than DRIs. The main food sources of animal minerals are milk, milk powder and pork, while plant minerals are rice, noodles and soy products among children’s diet. In addition, dark green vegetables and fruits consumption are positively associated with plant minerals and protein intake, while eggs, dairy products and meat products are associated with dietary animal minerals and protein intake. Besides, after controlling for gender and birth size, children’s weight at age 6 is significantly associated with total magnesium and total iron intake, height is associated with plant minerals intake, while BMI is associated with animal proteins intake. Futher by multiple regression analysis result showed that birth weight, total magnesium and total iron intake are the better predictor for children’s weight at age 6, while birth length and plant minerals play an influential factors on children’s height. This study combined two cohorts’ children age ranging from birth to 6 year old data (n=123). These children are divided into 3 groups according to the 25th and 75th birth weight percentile cut-points: relative low birth weight infants group (rLBW), relative adequate birth weight infants group (rABW), and relative high birth weight infants group (rHBW). The results show that the growth indicators (weight, height and BMI) are significant different from age 0 to 6 among the three groups (p<0.05). The rHBW group still maintains higher means for weight, height and BMI, while the rLBW group is smallest among the three groups. Children’s BMI from aged 1 to 5 is declining, while slightly rebound at the age of 6. The assessments of the growth rates by multiplier of figures, weight/height gain percentages indicate that the growth speed is also significantly different among the three groups (p<0.05). The mean daily calorie intake of 6-year-old children is 1484 Kcal, and the average dietary intakes of carbohydrate, protein and fat are 218 g, 53 g, and 45 g respectively. The total energy is made up by 56% from carbohydrates, 14% from protein, and 29% from fat. The mean dietary fiber intake is still less than the half of the IOM reference. Overall, dietary intake of minerals magnesium, iron, zinc, and protein meet the DRIs while calcium intake is inadequate among 6-year-old children. However, the present study is the first time to investigate the association between dietary intake of animal or plant minerals and protein with children’s anthropometric status and food sources intake. Thus, it’s required more long-term data to clarify its overall correlation.
Books on the topic "Plant protein sources"
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Watkins, Stephen. Lupins: Niche or alternative crop? Are they a viable source of home-produced GM-free protein? Market Harborough: Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, 2003.
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Promoting Non-Animal Protein Sources in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Interdisciplinary Study. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2011.
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Bako, Sunday Paul, and Frank Olwari. Promoting Non-Animal Protein Sources in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Interdisciplinary Study. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2012.
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Forage legumes and other local protein sources as substitutes for imported protein meals: Seminar proceedings, Kingston, Jamaica, 1-4 December 1987. Wageningen-Ede, The Netherlands: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, 1988.
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Roe, Simon, ed. Protein Purification Techniques. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636747.001.0001.
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Proteins are an integral part of molecular and cellular structure and function and are probably the most purified type of biological molecule. In order to elucidate the structure and function of any protein it is first necessary to purify it. Protein purification techniques have evolved over the past ten years with improvements in equipment control, automation, and separation materials, and the introduction of new techniques such as affinity membranes and expanded beds. These developments have reduced the workload involved in protein purification, but there is still a need to consider how unit operations linked together to form a purification strategy, which can be scaled up if necessary. The two Practical Approach books on protein purification have therefore been thoroughly updated and rewritten where necessary. The core of both books is the provision of detailed practical guidelines aimed particularly at laboratory scale purification. Information on scale-up considerations is given where appropriate. The books are not comprehensive but do cover the major laboratory techniques and common sources of protein. Protein Purification Techniques focuses on unit operations and analytical techniques. It starts with an overview of purification strategy and then covers initial extraction and clarification techniques. The rest of the book concentrates on different purification methods with the emphasis being on chromatography. The final chapter considers general scale-up considerations. Protein Purification Applications describes purification strategies from common sources: mammalian cell culture, microbial cell culture, milk, animal tissue, and plant tissue. It also includes chapters on purification of inclusion bodies, fusion proteins, and purification for crystallography. A purification strategy that can produce a highly pure single protein from a crude mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and cell debris to is a work of art to be admired. These books (available individually or as a set)are designed to give the laboratory worker the information needed to undertake the challenge of designing such a strategy.
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Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock: Proceedings of the FAO Expert Consultation held at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 14-18 October 1991. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1992.
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Clements, Richard. Concentrate Questions and Answers Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198745259.001.0001.
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The Q&A series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each chapter includes typical questions; diagram problem and essay answer plans, suggested answers, notes of caution, tips on obtaining extra marks, key debates on each topic and suggestions on further reading. Q&A Public Law covers a wide range of issues relating to public law. The first chapter offers an introduction to the subject, with particular emphasis on exams. The second chapter contains advice on coursework. This is followed by an examination of constitutions in terms of the nature and sources of the UK constitution, the rule of law, and the separation of powers. The text moves on to look at the royal prerogative, Parliament, and parliamentary sovereignty. Next the book considers the Human Rights Act 1998, followed by chapters looking at freedom to protest, police powers, and freedom of expression. Finally, the book considers administrative law and judicial review.
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Clements, Richard. Concentrate Questions and Answers Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198819912.001.0001.
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The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each chapter includes typical questions; diagram problem and essay answer plans, suggested answers, notes of caution, tips on obtaining extra marks, key debates on each topic and suggestions on further reading. Q&A Public Law covers a wide range of issues relating to public law. The first chapter offers an introduction to the subject, with particular emphasis on exams. The second chapter contains advice on coursework. This is followed by an examination of constitutions in terms of the nature and sources of the UK constitution, the rule of law, and the separation of powers. The text moves on to look at the royal prerogative, Parliament, and parliamentary sovereignty. Next the book considers the Human Rights Act 1998, followed by chapters looking at freedom to protest, police powers, and freedom of expression. Finally, the book considers administrative law and judicial review.
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Clements, Richard. Concentrate Questions and Answers Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198853497.001.0001.
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The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each chapter includes typical questions, diagram problem and essay answer plans, suggested answers, notes of caution, tips on obtaining extra marks, key debates on each topic, and suggestions on further reading. Q&A Public Law covers a wide range of issues relating to Public Law. The first chapter offers an introduction to the subject, with particular emphasis on exams. The twelfth chapter contains advice on coursework. This is followed by an examination of constitutions in terms of the nature and sources of the UK constitution, the rule of law, and the separation of powers. The text moves on to look at the royal prerogative, Parliament, and parliamentary sovereignty. Next the book considers the Human Rights Act 1998, followed by chapters looking at freedom to protest, police powers, and freedom of expression. Finally, the book considers administrative law and judicial review.
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O'Gorman, Emily. Flood Country. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643106659.
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Floods in the Murray-Darling Basin are crucial sources of water for people, animals and plants in this often dry region of inland eastern Australia. Even so, floods have often been experienced as natural disasters, which have led to major engineering schemes. Flood Country explores the contested and complex history of this region, examining the different ways in which floods have been understood and managed and some of the long-term consequences for people, rivers and ecologies.
The book examines many tensions, ranging from early exchanges between Aboriginal people and settlers about the dangers of floods, through to long running disputes between graziers and irrigators over damming floodwater, and conflicts between residents and colonial governments over whose responsibility it was to protect townships from floods.
Flood Country brings the Murray-Darling Basin's flood history into conversation with contemporary national debates about climate change and competing access to water for livelihoods, industries and ecosystems. It provides an important new historical perspective on this significant region of Australia, exploring how people, rivers and floods have re-made each other.
Book chapters on the topic "Plant protein sources"
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Ranganathan, Yamini, Shifa Patel, Vijai K. Pasupuleti, and R. Meganathan. "Protein Hydrolysates from Non-bovine and Plant Sources Replaces Tryptone in Microbiological Media." In Protein Hydrolysates in Biotechnology, 115–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6674-0_7.
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Berry, Robert E. "Tropical Seeds, Legumes, Fruits, and Leaves as Sources of Protein." In Plant Proteins: Applications, Biological Effects, and Chemistry, 220–33. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0312.ch018.
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Bodwell, C. E. "Effects of Protein Sources on the Utilization of Trace Minerals in Humans." In Plant Proteins: Applications, Biological Effects, and Chemistry, 108–25. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0312.ch010.
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Panda, Om Prakash, Sitansu Sekhar Nanda, Dong Kee Yi, Dilipkumar Pal, and Souvik Mukherjee. "Protein and Enzymes Isolated from Plant Sources and Their Utilization in Pharmaceutical Field." In Advanced Structured Materials, 793–818. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54027-2_23.
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Ravelonandro, Michel, and Pascal Briard. "Biogenesis and functional RNAi in fruit trees." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 40–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0040.
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Abstract In plants, genome expression is linked to the transcribed mRNAs that are synthesized by RNA polymerase. Following its move to the cytoplasm, the generated mRNA is briefly translated to the encoded protein. If transcription and translation are dependent on the family of RNA polymerase, these two phenomena could be interfered with through the process designated as gene regulation. Thus, large molecules of RNA (single-stranded or double-stranded) consequently sliced into small molecules produce nascent small interfering RNA ranging from 21 to 27 nucleotides. This chapter revisits the biogenesis of these two types of RNAi, miRNA and siRNA, and notably their involvement in plant gene regulation. Following their sequential transcription and their specific involvement, we will consider the sources and roles of RNA interference in plants and we will look at their detection in fruit crops. We discuss their applications and the risk assessment studies in fruit crops.
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Ravelonandro, Michel, and Pascal Briard. "Biogenesis and functional RNAi in fruit trees." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 40–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In plants, genome expression is linked to the transcribed mRNAs that are synthesized by RNA polymerase. Following its move to the cytoplasm, the generated mRNA is briefly translated to the encoded protein. If transcription and translation are dependent on the family of RNA polymerase, these two phenomena could be interfered with through the process designated as gene regulation. Thus, large molecules of RNA (single-stranded or double-stranded) consequently sliced into small molecules produce nascent small interfering RNA ranging from 21 to 27 nucleotides. This chapter revisits the biogenesis of these two types of RNAi, miRNA and siRNA, and notably their involvement in plant gene regulation. Following their sequential transcription and their specific involvement, we will consider the sources and roles of RNA interference in plants and we will look at their detection in fruit crops. We discuss their applications and the risk assessment studies in fruit crops.
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He, Wenliang, Peng Li, and Guoyao Wu. "Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 109–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_7.
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AbstractBoth poultry meat and eggs provide high-quality animal protein [containing sufficient amounts and proper ratios of amino acids (AAs)] for human consumption and, therefore, play an important role in the growth, development, and health of all individuals. Because there are growing concerns about the suboptimal efficiencies of poultry production and its impact on environmental sustainability, much attention has been paid to the formulation of low-protein diets and precision nutrition through the addition of low-cost crystalline AAs or alternative sources of animal-protein feedstuffs. This necessitates a better understanding of AA nutrition and metabolism in chickens. Although historic nutrition research has focused on nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) that are not synthesized or are inadequately synthesized in the body, increasing evidence shows that the traditionally classified nutritionally nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), such as glutamine and glutamate, have physiological and regulatory roles other than protein synthesis in chicken growth and egg production. In addition, like other avian species, chickens do not synthesize adequately glycine or proline (the most abundant AAs in the body but present in plant-source feedstuffs at low content) relative to their nutritional and physiological needs. Therefore, these two AAs must be sufficient in poultry diets. Animal proteins (including ruminant meat & bone meal and hydrolyzed feather meal) are abundant sources of both glycine and proline in chicken nutrition. Clearly, chickens (including broilers and laying hens) have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs to achieve their maximum productivity and maintain optimum health particularly under adverse conditions such as heat stress and disease. This is a paradigm shift in poultry nutrition from the 70-year-old “ideal protein” concept that concerned only about EAAs to the focus of functional AAs that include both EAAs and NEAAs.
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Cabanillas-Beltrán, Héctor, Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox, Carlos A. Martínez-Palacios, and Eduardo Jaime Vernon-Carter. "Evaluation of Leguminous Seed Meals (Rynchosia Minima and Cajanus Cajan) as Plant Protein Sources in Diets for Juvenile Litopenaeus Vannamei." In Modern Approaches to the Study of Crustacea, 53–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0761-1_8.
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Vézina, Louis-Philippe, Marc-André D’Aoust, Damien Levesque, Patrice Lerouge, Véronique Gomord, Loïc Faye, Mark McCaslin, and François Arcand. "Alfalfa, A Perennial Source of Recombinant Proteins." In Plants as Factories for Protein Production, 17–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2693-1_2.
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Kantha, Sachi Sri, and John W. Erdman. "Winged Bean as a Source of Protein: Recent Advances." In Plant Proteins: Applications, Biological Effects, and Chemistry, 206–19. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0312.ch017.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Plant protein sources"
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"Sources of high protein and gluten content in grain in some wheat species." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-015.
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Novik, N. V., A. A. Lebedev, and I. A. Yakub. "Genetic sources of economically valuable characteristics for breeding yellow lupine." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-126.
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Screening of world gene bank is carried out to develop initial material for yellow lupin breeding. During 2018-2020 the following genetic sources have been selected: the Polish variety Parus (k-3371) as a semi-early ripened source for plant tallness, high growth tempo and high green mass productivity; the variety Puissant (k-2170) as a source for plant tallness, high seed productivity and seed protein content; the variety SV 01060 (k-2193) as a source for plant tallness, moderate period of ripening, high green mass productivity, seed protein content and their size; the lines Tromusillo-2 (k-3276), W 72 (k-2936), W 105 (k-2933), No. 1004 (k-3913) and the breeding line 07-20-240-2384-3 as sources for tolerance to virus diseases; the breeding line 11-11-02-2-4-3 as a source for high seed and green mass productivity; the hybrid Borluta x Zhitomirskii (k-3592) as a source for plant tallness and moderate period of ripening; k-3915 as a source for moderate period of ripening and high seed productivity.
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Сорокин, Александр, Alexander Sorokin, Валентина Руцкая, and Valentina Ruckaya. "LUPIN AS THE BASE FOR PROTEIN COMPONENT OF FEED MIX FOR POULTRY." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-110-115.
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The article presents the data of domestic and foreign researchers for feeding of poultry used lupin and its processed products. It’s advisable to use energy-and-protein concentrates made of legumes and cereal grain mixtures to prepare complete feeds. Lupin is one of the main sources of plant protein with unique amino acid composition. In opinion of the majority of researchers lupin containing feeds made according to technic guidance support productivity increasing of poultry growing and improve the quality of the products.
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Bordean, Despina-Maria, Aurica Breica Borozan, Gabriel Bujanca, Camelia Cioban, and Delia Gabriela Dumbrava. "EFFECTS OF BOILING AND ROASTING ON CRUDE PROTEINS, TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND TOTAL POLYPHENOLS CONTENT OF POTATO TUBERS." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/08.
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Compared with other sources, potato can bring multiple nutritional benefits because it’s naturally low energy food (0.7 kcal), having high water, fiber and starch content. Even if the consummation of potatoes is in decline, it is still considered a source of valuable nutrition. Depending on the method of preparation, potatoes contain significant level of proteins and antioxidants and can offer considerable protection against cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Natural antioxidants are present under different forms in all plants, being the base source of these compounds for humans. The objective of this study was to determine the moisture content, crude protein, total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of three assortments of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) available on the Romanian local market (Timis County). The study was carried out on raw, unpeeled, boiled and roasted potatoes. The moisture content was determinate thermogravimetrically using Sartorius thermo balance, crude protein quantified by using a rapid colorimetric method, total antioxidant capacity determinate using CUPRAC method and total polyphenols content using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The experimental results show that blue roasted potatoes present the highest content of crude protein, total antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols content and the lowest water content. The obtained data are used to create a graphical fingerprint of raw and processed potatoes in order to identify the best options to mix different potatoes assortments and to create innovative nutritious food products
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Hojilla-Evangelista, grosMila, and Roque Evangelista. "Extraction and Properties of Covercress, a New Pennycress-derived Cover Crop and Plant Protein Source." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.245.
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Baurin, D. V. "SUNFLOWER PROTEIN ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND PLANT PEPTONE PRODUCTION AS A SOURCE OF NITROGEN FOR NUTRIENT MEDIA." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/6.1/s25.121.
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Yu, Zhi-ming, Kai Wang, Xi-hua Cao, Bai-zhong Wang, Xiu-xian Song, Bo-tao Xu, Fan Yu, and Xin Xu. "Feasibility and Implementation of the Modified Clay Technique in Control of Phaeocytstis Globosa Blooms in the Water-Intake Area of the Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67637.
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In the current study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of using modified clay as an emergency treatment for controlling Phaeocystis globosa blooms in terms of the removal mechanism, removal rate in both the laboratory and field, and the engineering required. Based on these results, we developed a series of blueprints, including the monitoring and early warning of P. globosa blooms in the water-intake area of the Fangchenggang nuclear power plant (NPP), the manufacture of the modified-clay emergency disposal facilities, and the operation schemes in treating different scale of blooms. From December 2014 to February 2015, modified clay was applied to successfully control P. globosa blooms and to effectively protect the cold-water source of the NPP. Thus, a set of engineering solutions using modified clay was established and confirmed to be a viable approach for treating harmful algae blooms that threaten the cold-water sources of NPPs.
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Bawadi, Hiba, and Zumin Shi. "Protein Intake among Patients with Diabetes is Linked to Poor Glycemic Control." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0149.
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Background: Nutrition therapy is considered a key component of diabetes management. Highprotein diets are recently gaining more popularity. Knowledge regarding the potential glycemic effect of protein in people with type 2 diabetes has been a particular interest. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data collected on participants aged 40 years and older who attended the surveys cohorts of 2011–2012 and 2013–2014. Data on 1058 participants were included in the analysis. Glycemic control was measured as HbA1c level and patients were categorized into quartiles of daily protein intake. Analysis adjusted for age, gender, race and energy intake muscle strength (quartile), sedentary activity, income to poverty ratio, education, smoking, alcohol drinking and BMI. Logistic regression models were produced to investigate the impact of high protein intakes on odds of poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7). Results: After controlling for muscle strength (quartile), sedentary activity, income to poverty ratio, education, smoking, alcohol drinking and BMI; patients in Quartile 4 for protein intake had 260% increased risk for poor glycemic control as compared to those in quartile 1. These results are limited because the analysis did not consider the source of protein (animal vs plant). Further studies are needed.
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Ene, Daniela. "Preliminary Waste Management Plan of European Spallation Source." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96154.
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The European Spallation Source (ESS) is the European common effort in designing and building a next generation large-scale user facility for studies of the structure and dynamics of materials. The proposed schematic layout of the ESS facility is based on a linear driver (linac) directing the proton beam (5 MW of 2.5 GeV) of 2.8 ms long pulses with a 20 Hz on a tungsten target where neutrons are produced via spallation reactions. Further the neutrons will be moderated to thermal and subthermal energies in a couple of moderators placed around the target. The moderators feed 22 beamlines guiding the neutrons to the scattering instruments, mainly for neutron scattering research, as has been previously mentioned. The objective of this work is to develop a waste management plan for ESS facility. In this respect two important aspects are analyzed. First the present status of the problem is outlined as follow. Estimate types and quantities of waste that the ESS project will generate at different stages: commission, operation, decommissioning were derived using: i) precise Monte Carlo calculations ii) scaling the activity from the operation experience of the existing spallation source installations for waste such it is difficult to predict level of activation or for components of the facility in stage of the pre-conceptual model. Associated waste treatment/conditioning options and final disposal route were further analyzed in order to define the waste type and packet descriptions in agreement with Swedish regulations and policy. It was found that the compilation of completely new waste type descriptions for qualification of the ESS waste for disposal will be necessary. Particular attention was devoted to “problematic waste” as Beryllium reflector, C-14 from graphite used as core zone of the beam-dump and collimators or waste arising from the purification systems of both Helium and water cooling circuits. Management of waste on ESS site: collection/segregation systems, characterization system, storage options, is also described. In the second step, the acquired information is used for planning and implementing actions involving all participants (ESS, treatment facility operator, disposal operator, regulatory body and other authorized authorities).
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Yapeng, Yang, Wei Hong, Feng Zongyang, Jia Linsheng, Xu Xiaoxiao, and Zhang Jiangang. "The Design of Data Structure and Interface for Nuclear Emergency Assessment and Decision Support System." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81885.
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Emergency Assessment and Decision Support System has become an important tool to effectively respond to a nuclear emergency in nuclear power plant, the system mainly used to on-line assessment the real-time reactor conditions, calculate the source term released to the environment, and suggest the protection actions taken to protect the public and emergency workers. This paper describe the development of the system, analysis the business flow chart of nuclear assessment, introduce details of several functional modules, such as core damage assessment, source term calculation and radiological consequence assessment. The system’s data structure and data interface also be describe in detail.
Reports on the topic "Plant protein sources"
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Arnett, Clint, Justin Lange, Ashley Boyd, Martin Page, and Donald Cropek. Expression and secretion of active Moringa oleifera coagulant protein in Bacillus subtilis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41546.
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Cationic polypeptide proteins found in the seeds of the tropical plant Moringa oleifera have coagulation efficiencies similar to aluminum and ferric sulfates without their recalcitrant nature. Although these proteins possess great potential to augment or replace traditional coagulants in water treatment, harvesting active protein from seeds is laborious and not cost-effective. Here, we describe an alternative method to express and secrete active M. oleifera coagulant protein (MO) in Bacillus subtilis. A plasmid library containing the MO gene and 173 different types of secretory signal peptides was created and cloned into B. subtilis strain RIK1285. Fourteen of 440 clones screened were capable of secreting MO with yields ranging from 55 to 122 mg/L of growth medium. The coagulant activity of the highest MO secreting clone was evaluated when grown on Luria broth, and cell-free medium from the culture was shown to reduce turbidity in a buffered kaolin suspension by approximately 90% compared with controls without the MO gene. The clone was also capable of secreting active MO when grown on a defined synthetic wastewater supplemented with 0.5% tryptone. Cell-free medium from the strain harboring the MO gene demonstrated more than a 2-fold reduction in turbidity compared with controls. Additionally, no significant amount of MO was observed without the addition of the synthetic wastewater, suggesting that it served as a source of nutrients for the effective expression and translocation of MO into the medium.
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Holmes, S. D. A development plan for the Fermilab proton source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/16220.
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Bedford, Philip, Alexis Long, Thomas Long, Erin Milliken, Lauren Thomas, and Alexis Yelvington. Legal Mechanisms for Mitigating Flood Impacts in Texas Coastal Communities. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.mitigatingfloodimpactstx.
Full textAbstract:
Flooding is a major source of concern for Texas’ coastal communities. It affects the quality of infrastructure, the lives of citizens, and the ecological systems upon which coastal communities in Texas rely. To plan for and mitigate the impacts of flooding, Texas coastal communities may implement land use tools such as zoning, drainage utility systems, eminent domain, exactions, and easements. Additionally, these communities can benefit from understanding how flooding affects water quality and the tools available to restore water bodies to healthy water quality levels. Finally, implementing additional programs for education and ecotourism will help citizens develop knowledge of the impacts of flooding and ways to plan and mitigate for coastal flooding. Land use tools can help communities plan for and mitigate flooding. Section III addresses zoning, a land use tool that most municipalities already utilize to organize development. Zoning can help mitigate flooding, drainage, and water quality issues, which, Texas coastal communities continually battle. Section IV discusses municipal drainage utility systems, which are a mechanism available to municipalities to generate dedicated funds that can help offset costs associated with providing stormwater management. Section V addresses land use and revenue-building tools such as easements, eminent domain, and exactions, which are vital for maintaining existing and new developments in Texas coastal communities. Additionally, Section VI addresses conservation easements, which are a flexible tool that can enhance community resilience through increasing purchase power, establishing protected legal rights, and minimizing hazardous flood impacts. Maintaining good water quality is important for sustaining the diverse ecosystems located within and around Texas coastal communities. Water quality is regulated at the federal level through the Clean Water Act. As discussed in Section VII, the state of Texas is authorized to implement and enforce these regulations by implementing point source and nonpoint source pollutants programs, issuing permits, implementing stormwater discharge programs, collecting water quality data, and setting water quality standards. The state of Texas also assists local communities with implementing restorative programs, such as Watershed Protection Programs, to help local stakeholders restore impaired water bodies. Section VIII addresses ecotourism and how these distinct economic initiatives can help highlight the importance of ecosystem services to local communities. Section VIX discusses the role of education in improving awareness within the community and among visitors, and how making conscious decisions can allow coastal communities to protect their ecosystem and protect against flooding.