Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plant quarantine'

The genus Aphelenchoides consists of over 140 nominal species, some of which are pathogenic to plants. Nematologists in statutory and other diagnostic laboratories need to be able to distinguish pathogens with confidence if financial losses and unnecessary chemical control are to be avoided, but no complete key to this genus has been available to date. A revised list of species was produced, deleting descriptions considered too poor for subsequent recognition. Key diagnostic characters were identified and promising features for future diagnostic use were investigated. A polytomous key (polykey) was developed and tested on 14 populations. The findings contributed to a further reduction in the number of valid species from a diagnostician's point of view, and also led to revisions of the polykey itself as key characters were tested for their distinguishing power. The primary key characters were identified as the length of the post-vulval sac (pvs) as a percentage of the distance between the vulva and the anus, the shape of the tail terminus and tail, body length, and the ratios `a' (body length divided by greatest body width) and `c' (body length divided by tail length). Promising key characters for the future are c' (tail length divided by body width at the anus or cloaca), the distance from the vulva to the anus, vulval body width, pvs length as a measure of the vulval body width, head width and all measurements associated with the median bulb. The polykey provides the essential foundation for the development of new diagnostic tools, including new keys for diagnostic use; preliminary work with molecular techniques showed promise for inclusion in diagnostic protocols, but further study will be required to develop reliable methodology for each of the economically important species. Nominators of new species should use the recording form to provide details of morphological and morphometric characters and compare resulting polycodes with others in the polykey and associated databases before publication. Likewise, the key should continue to be tested for its validity.

The fruit production is threatened by several bacterial diseases, such as fire blight of apple and pear, bacterial canker of kiwifruit, bacterial spot of stone fruits, and angular leaf spot of strawberry. The conventional pesticides that are available for the control of these diseases are mainly copper compounds and they have a limited efficacy and negative impact on environment. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative and sustainable management tools. This Ph.D. Thesis contributes to the development of a novel microbial biopesticide based on lactic acid bacteria. Two Lactobacillus plantarum strains were selected due to their broad-spectrum activity. In order to improve the epiphytic survival of both strains in plants and to get more consistency in their biocontrol efficacy, a physiological adaptive strategy was defined to increase the water-stress tolerance. Also, a monitoring method was developed to evaluate the population dynamics of a L. plantarum strain.
La producció de fruita està afectada per diferents malalties bacterianes de quarantena com el foc bacterià de les pomeres i pereres, el xancre bacterià del kiwi, la taca bacteriana dels fruiters de pinyol i la taca angular de les fulles de maduixera. Els plaguicides disponibles pel seu control són principalment compostos cúprics els quals tenen una eficàcia limitada i un impacte negatiu en el medi ambient. Existeix la necessitat de desenvolupar eines de control alternatives i més sostenibles. Aquesta tesi contribueix en el desenvolupament d’un bioplaguicida microbià basat en bacteris de l’àcid làctic. Es van seleccionar dues soques de Lactobacillus plantarum amb activitat d’ampli espectre i es va definir una estratègia fisiològica d’adaptació per incrementar la tolerància a l’estrès per manca d’aigua i així millorar la supervivència epifítica a la planta. També es va desenvolupar un mètode de monitoratge per avaluar les dinàmiques poblacionals d’una soca de L. plantarum.

In the context of molecular techniques applied to Plant Pathology, this Ph.D. thesis has pursued the following major objectives: i) to develop new diagnostic protocols for fungal pathogens; ii) to study the metabolic and physiological effects determined by new and emerging fungal pathogens; iii) to contribute to develop management strategies of diseases caused by quarantine and/or emerging fungi on plant species typical of the Mediterranean region. To fulfill these objectives, the following specific studies have been developed: • “Fusarium circinatum an emergent and quarantine pathogen of pine worldwide: its detection and its interaction with Phytophthora species (P. cambivora and P. parvispora) on Pinus radiata seedlings.” This study has been developed by two different lines of research:  “Transferability of PCR-based diagnostic protocols: An international collaborative case study assessing protocols targeting the quarantine pine pathogen, Fusarium circinatum.” In this study, different protocols for the molecular diagnosis of F. circinatum were compared and validated for the first time in 23 laboratories spread across Europe, South Africa and Chile, in the framework of the international collaborative study funded by COST Action FP1406 “Pine pitch canker - Strategies for management of Gibberella circinata in greenhouses and forests - PINESTRENGTH ''. The protocol tested by the Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology of the Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A) of the University of Catania were: (i) Real-time PCR by Lamarche et al. 2015 and (ii) real-time PCR by Luchi et al. 2018. Results from the two tested protocols were illustrated in Ioos et al (2019), Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 8195. DOI: 10.1038 / s41598-019-44672-8.  “Co-infections by Fusarium circinatum and Phytophthora spp. on Pinus radiata, a case study of complex interactions in the Pine pitch canker disease.” This study investigated i. the phenotypic response of pine to the infective process and ii. the relative expression levels of genes of plant encoding for pathogenetic-related proteins and antifungal secondary metabolites. Results obtained in this research showed that the phenotypic response of pine to the simultaneous action of the aforementioned pathogens it is manifested by an increasing of the severity of the symptoms at the early stages of the infection, allowing then to speculate that Phytophthora spp. can realistically contribute to the severity of the disease. Results from gene expression suggest that a real synergic effect as the result of the effects of both pathogens it is not clearly evident. • “Scabby canker caused by Neofusicoccum batangarum (Botryosphaeriaceae), an emergent disease of Opuntia ficus-indica in minor islands around Sicily: identification of the causal agent and characterization of both its phytotoxic metabolites and the genetic variability of its local population.” The specific objectives of this study were the following: i) determine the geographical distribution of the disease; ii) characterize N. batangarum isolates obtained from symptomatic plants of prickly pear in the smaller islands of Sicily; iii) check whether the range of potential host plants of this phytopathogenic fungus includes other Mediterranean species that could act as alternative hosts or as inoculation 'reservoir'; iv) determine the ability of N. batangarum to produce phytotoxic secondary metabolites (phytotoxins) in culture, which can play an active role in the pathogenesis of the disease; v) chemically identify the phytotoxins extracted from N. batangarum liquid filtrates and determine their phytotoxic effects on the host plant as well as on non-host plant species. In cross-pathogenicity tests, N. batangarum isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica plants was able to reproduce disease symptoms on the host plant and also infect other plant species. The fungus artificially inoculated by wounding induced cancers on several hosts. This result indicates that the pathogen has a very wide range of potential hosts. Six phytotoxins were obtained and identified from Neofusicoccum batangarum culture filtrates: (-) - (R) ‐mellein (1); (±) ‐botriisocoumarin A (2); (-) - (3R, 4R) - and (-) - (3R, 4S) ‐4 hydroxymelline (3 and 4); (-) - terpestacin (5); and (+) - 3,4 ‐ dihydro - 4,5,8 - trihydroxy - 3 - methylisocoumarin, renamed (+) - neoisocoumarin (6). All six metabolites have been shown to have phytotoxic activity on both the host and non-host plants. The most active compounds proved to be (±) ‐botriisocoumarin A (2), (-) - terpestacin (5) and (+) - neoisocoumarin (6). Results from this study are part of two scientific publications: Masi, Mt. et al., Toxins 2020, 12, 126. DOI: 10.3390 / toxins12020126 and Aloi, F. et al., Mediterranean Phytopathology 2020, 59 (2): 269-284. DOI: 10.14601 / Phyto-11225. • “Identification of Neofusicoccum parvum (Botryosphaeriaceae) as the causative agent of gummy cankers of lemon (Citrus × limon) trees.” This study was aimed at identifying the causative agent of the observed disease. Neofusicoccum parvum, in the family Botryosphaeriaceae, was identified as the causal agent of bot gummosis of lemon (Citrus x limon) trees, in the two major lemon-producing areas in Italy. Gummy cankers on trunk and scaffold branches of mature trees were the most typical disease symptoms. Neofusicoccum parvum was the sole fungus constantly and consistently isolated from the canker bark of symptomatic lemon trees. It was identified on the basis of morphological characters and the phylogenetic analysis of three loci, i. e. the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) as well as the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes. The pathogenicity of N. parvum was demonstrated by wound inoculating two lemon cultivars, ‘Femminello 2kr’ and ‘Monachello’, as well as citrange (C. sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) ‘Carrizo’ rootstock. In artificial inoculations, the fungus was very aggressive on lemons and weakly virulent on citrange, consistently with symptoms observed in the field as a consequence of natural infections. This is the first report of N. parvum, both in a wide and in a strict taxonomic sense, as a pathogen of lemon in Italy. • “Characterization of Alternaria species associated with heart rot of pomegranate fruit.” This study was aimed at identifying Alternaria species associated with heart rot disease of pomegranate fruit in southern Italy and characterizing their mycotoxigenic profile. A total of 42 Alternaria isolates were characterized. They were obtained from pomegranate fruits with symptom of heart rot sampled in Apulia and Sicily and grouped into six distinct morphotypes based on macro- and microscopic features. According to multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a SCAR marker (OPA10-2), 38 isolates of morphotypes 1 to 5 were identified as A. alternata, while isolates of morphotype 6, all from Sicily, clustered within the A. arborescens species complex. In particular, isolates of morphotype 1, the most numerous, clustered with the ex-type isolate of A. alternata, proving to belong to morphotype alternata. No difference in pathogenicity on pomegranate fruits was found between isolates of A. alternata and A. arborescens and among A. alternata isolates of different morphotypes. The toxigenic profile of isolates varied greatly: in vitro, all 42 isolates produced tenuazonic acid and most of them other mycotoxins including alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene and tentoxin. • “Shoot dieback of citrus, a new disease caused by Colletotrichum species.” This study was aimed at identifying the Colletotrichum species associated with twig and shoot dieback of citrus, a new disease occurring in the Mediterranean region and also reported as emerging in California. Overall, 119 Colletotrichum isolates were characterized. They were recovered from symptomatic trees of sweet orange, mandarin and mandarin-like during a survey of citrus groves in Albania and Sicily (southern Italy). The isolates were grouped into two distinct morphotypes. The grouping of isolates was supported by phylogenetic sequence analysis of two genetic markers, the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA (ITS) and β-tubulin (TUB2). The groups were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. karstii, respectively. The former accounted for more than 91% of isolates, while the latter was retrieved only occasionally in Sicily. Both species induced symptoms on artificially wound inoculated twigs. C. gloeosporioides was more aggressive than of C. karstii. Winds and prolonged drought were the factor predisposing to Colletotrichum twig and shoot dieback. This is the first report of C. gloeosporioides and C. karstii as causal agents of twig and shoot dieback disease in the Mediterranean region and the first report of C. gloeosporioides as a citrus pathogen in Albania.

Plant biosecurity requires statistical tools to interpret field surveillance data in order to manage pest incursions that threaten crop production and trade. Ultimately, management decisions need to be based on the probability that an area is infested or free of a pest. Current informal approaches to delimiting pest extent rely upon expert ecological interpretation of presence / absence data over space and time. Hierarchical Bayesian models provide a cohesive statistical framework that can formally integrate the available information on both pest ecology and data. The overarching method involves constructing an observation model for the surveillance data, conditional on the hidden extent of the pest and uncertain detection sensitivity. The extent of the pest is then modelled as a dynamic invasion process that includes uncertainty in ecological parameters. Modelling approaches to assimilate this information are explored through case studies on spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus and red banded mango caterpillar, Deanolis sublimbalis. Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the probable extent of pests, given the observation and process model conditioned by surveillance data. Statistical methods, based on time-to-event models, are developed to apply hierarchical Bayesian models to early detection programs and to demonstrate area freedom from pests. The value of early detection surveillance programs is demonstrated through an application to interpret surveillance data for exotic plant pests with uncertain spread rates. The model suggests that typical early detection programs provide a moderate reduction in the probability of an area being infested but a dramatic reduction in the expected area of incursions at a given time. Estimates of spiralling whitefly extent are examined at local, district and state-wide scales. The local model estimates the rate of natural spread and the influence of host architecture, host suitability and inspector efficiency. These parameter estimates can support the development of robust surveillance programs. Hierarchical Bayesian models for the human-mediated spread of spiralling whitefly are developed for the colonisation of discrete cells connected by a modified gravity model. By estimating dispersal parameters, the model can be used to predict the extent of the pest over time. An extended model predicts the climate restricted distribution of the pest in Queensland. These novel human-mediated movement models are well suited to demonstrating area freedom at coarse spatio-temporal scales. At finer scales, and in the presence of ecological complexity, exploratory models are developed to investigate the capacity for surveillance information to estimate the extent of red banded mango caterpillar. It is apparent that excessive uncertainty about observation and ecological parameters can impose limits on inference at the scales required for effective management of response programs. The thesis contributes novel statistical approaches to estimating the extent of pests and develops applications to assist decision-making across a range of plant biosecurity surveillance activities. Hierarchical Bayesian modelling is demonstrated as both a useful analytical tool for estimating pest extent and a natural investigative paradigm for developing and focussing biosecurity programs.

Les nématodes phytoparasites (NPP) sont des vers ronds microscopiques que l’on retrouve en communautés dans les sols agricoles. Les NPP les plus communs n’occasionnent pas de dégâts sur les cultures. Cependant M. chitwoodi, un NPP règlementé à l’échelle européenne, peut engendrer d’importantes baisses de rendement. Pour caractériser le risque de son implantation, nous nous sommes intéressés aux communautés indigènes en France afin d’identifier celles capables de le limiter suite à une introduction. Nous avons, dans un premier temps, décrit les communautés de NPP à l'échelle d'un paysage agricole, puis à l'échelle de neuf régions françaises. Ces investigations ont montré des communautés peu différenciées en termes de richesse spécifique mais variables en termes d’abondance. Si les variables environnementales expliquent le mieux la structure de ces communautés de NPP à une large échelle géographique, certaines pratiques culturales(labour, application de produits phytosanitaires) influencent fortement les communautés à l’échelle locale. Dans un second volet, nous avons étudié le potentiel de différentes communautés à limiter le développement de M. chitwoodi notamment par la compétition. Il semble que les communautés possédant les plus hauts niveaux d’abondance globale, indépendamment des taxa présents, permettent de diminuer la multiplication de M. chitwoodi. Cette thèse apporte donc des éléments de compréhension sur le fonctionnement des communautés de NPP dans les agrosystèmes français et leur potentiel à limiter le l’établissement de M. chitwoodi pour pouvoir prédire le r
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are microscopic worms that occur in communities in almost every agricultural soils. Commonly found PPN are usually harmless for the plants. However, M. chitwoodi, a PPN highly regulated in EU can induce important yield losses. In order to improve risk assessment of M. chitwoodi implantation, we studied French native PPN communities to identify those that can limit its establishment shortly after an introduction. We firstly described PPN communities in various agrosystems, at a landscape scale and then in nine French regions. Despite the quite homogeneous species richness observed across the fields sampled, we highlighted strong PPN taxa abundance variations. Environmental variables seemed to mainly drive the PPN communities structure at a large geographic scale but cultural practices(tillage and pesticides uses) seemed to explain the communities variation at the local scale. Secondly, we studied the capacity of different PPN communities to limit M. chitwoodi development through competition. It appeared that PPN communities with high global abundance, regardless of the taxa present, are able to decrease M. chitwoodi multiplication. The results of this PhD thesis bring some elements about the structure and functioning of PPN communities in French fields and their ability to reduce the M. chitwoodi establishment in order to predict its implantation risk

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Plant quarantine is significant for countries like Australia whose agricultural sector plays an important role in their income earnings. This activity is carried out with the aim to protect agriculture and the environment from the damages which may be caused by hazardous organisms inadvertently introduced by men. Those organisms may be plant pests or diseases, whose introduction can be harmful. That is why they must always be kept outside Australia, and this is done through plant quarantine. The plant quarantine activities in Australia are carried out by the States' Departments of Agriculture on behalf of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth department which is responsible for plant quarantine at the present time is the Department of Primary Industry. This responsibility is discharged through one of its eleven divisions-The Australian Agricultural Health and Quarantine Service. The Department of Primary Industry has just recently been given the responsibility of plant quarantine following the administrative arrangement which transferred to it that responsibility from the Department of Health. Due to the importance of plant quarantine, the organization which is responsible for its discharge must always be effective.. This dissertation is concerned with the study of organizational effectiveness of Australia's plant quarantine service, in terms of how the organization can be assessed. In the first part of this dissertation, the literature on organizational effectiveness is reviewed with the purpose of identifying a framework for analysing the effectiveness of the concerned organization. Current assessments of the organization are also reviewed. In the second part of this dissertation, the state of Australia's plant quarantine service is forwarded as background information. In the last part of this dissertation, the assessment problem and its application to Australia's plant quarantine service is discussed. The proposed model in this dissertation is a modification of the process model. While it is used in assessing the effectiveness of Australia's plant quarantine service it may also be used in other plant quarantine organizations, for example in Indonesia's, plant quarantine service, in which the writer has been working for the last fourteen years.

碩士
國立東華大學
環境政策研究所
91
Abstract Ever since the accession of the Republic of China to the ‘World Trade Organisation’ (WTO), trade barriers have been lowered, i.e., commodities import increase both in quantity and variety; as a result, odds are genetically modified plants will be imported with less restrictions. On the other hand, the development of bio-technology makes genetically modified species ill-recognizable by manual inspection. Hence, our plant related quarantine mechanism itself would be put on test to see whether we are able to monitor related import, especially when importers don’t disclose the specifications of these commodities─intentionally or not. Taiwan, an insular country, has an ecosystem way more fragile than continental ones. If ecological crisis is caused by imported GM plants, it would do much more harm to our ecosystem than alien invasive species; the possible damages will also be more difficult to recover from. It is the objective of this research to find out wether we have such import control mechanism capable of protecting Taiwan’s biodiversity resources and what other regulations we might encounter when generating ours concerning this matter. The research subjects involve mainly international organisations and treaties concerning GM plants import regulation, for example, ‘Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures’（SPS Agreement）, Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, ‘International Plant Protection Convention’（IPPC）, ‘International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources’（ITPGR）. Principles and theories of international regulations are used here as evaluation basis of Taiwan GM plants import regulation system. According to this research, our quarantine system on plants proved incapable of monitoring and managing GM plants import. Hence, four conclusions are proposed here based on analyse and consolidation of international regulations. 1.Re-consolidation of governmental organization, 2.Establishment of GM plants risk management mechanism, 3.Enhancement of quarantine system, 4.Recognition of civil participation and Complain relief. To put it in a nut shell ,in this research several suggestions are proposed, according to studies and analyse of this research, to smooth impacts on our natural resource caused by GM plants import and to provide reference to institutions and individuals interested in this field.

The aim of this thesis was to optimize and improving reliable, fast, sensitive and specific field-deployable tools for the early detection of quarantine plant pathogens. In the first part of the thesis the work was concentrated in developing a field-applicable LAMP-based assay for the detection of Xylella fastidiosa, Phytophthora ramorum and Ceratocystis platani. Each assay, optimized on the portable instrument Genie II ® (Optigene, UK), was based on the conventional LAMP reaction and showed the capability to detect X. fastidiosa, C. platani and P. ramorum with high specificity and sensitivity in only 30 minutes also on plant samples for which a rapid kit method for in field-DNA extraction was also utilized. However, the assay targeting C. platani and P. ramorum were able to detect also C. fimbriata and P. lateralis, having also many cross reactions with other Phythophtora species. Even if the specificity was assessed by results obtained from melting analyses, that gave different temperature between target and non-target species, improving the specificity of a LAMP assay was needed. The second part of the thesis was hence concentrated in improving the chemistry and the specificity of a LAMP assay. The use of sequence-specific LAMP probes was analyzed by the development of a conventional and FRET-assimilating probe-based LAMP method targeting Fusarium circinatum, a pine pathogen for which specificity is a very important requirement concerning diagnostics. The capability of increasing the specificity using this novel LAMP chemistry was assessed by comparing LAMP results of conventional and probe-based LAMP reaction developed for F. circinatum: with conventional reaction many cross reactions were obtained with phylogenetically closest Fusaria while with the probe-based method only F. temperatum was amplified as cross reaction. Due to positive results obtained applying the probe-based method on wood samples DNA extracted with the field method the suitability for using it into the field was also assessed. The same probe-based LAMP chemistry was then implemented for multiplex application concerning pine needles pathogens Dothistroma septosporum, Dothistroma pini and Lecanosticta acicola, obtaining as preliminary results that of having a multiplex specific reaction directly in the field in about 10 minutes. Concerning this third part of this work, the possibility to apply the described method on crude samples was investigated concerning pine needles for which preliminary test to optimize a field suitable crude extraction method were carried out with promising results. As in the last part of this work was assessed that in Italy the distribution of Dothistroma septosporum is widespread by applying a TaqMan-based qPCR method while L. acicola was reported only in restricted places and D. pini was never reported, the developed LAMP method could be useful to prevent and monitoring their spread and introduction.

碩士
元智大學
管理研究所
90
In order to enhance national competitiveness and increase the public’s level of satisfaction with the government, “government re-engineering” has become a major issue for governments all over the world in the 21st century. In line with this trend, governments have been searching for new management philosophies and tools, trying to put the customer first, give priority to service, emphasize quality, stress innovation, be more proactive, implement the delegation of authority and decentralization, and make use of flexible organizational design, in order to re-construct government organizational structure and improve service quality. A hidebound, bureaucratic model of administration is no longer in conformity with global trends or with the pulse of society; it is bound to result in low efficiency and widespread complaints. Improving the quality of service of Taiwan’s animal and vegetable importation quarantine procedures should therefore be an important part of government re-engineering and putting the customer-first which the government is currently pursuing. Animal and vegetable importation quarantine procedures are of greater importance for Taiwan’s economic development, and are also closely tied up with the interests of the companies concerned. Since Taiwan joined the WTO, efforts have been made to bring all economic activity into line with international practice. The agricultural products market is to be further opened up, and the quantity of animal and vegetable products being imported is expected to increase. The quarantine authorities’ procedures need to keep pace with these changes in order to stimulate economic activity and provide both companies and the general public with superior customs clearance service. However, the quarantine procedures involve government regulations, process design, employee management, and measures for making life more convenient for the public; all of these are closely tied up with one another. In particular, while improving service quality and efficiency the government has to ensure that quarantine is still sufficiently rigorous to achieve its purpose. This study aims to make use of comparative analysis, comparing Taiwan’s quarantine methods with those used in other countries, while making reference to the literature on customer-oriented operation, total quality management etc., in order to formulate feasible models by which quarantine service quality could be improved. Chapter One describes the motivation for the research, examining the expectations of quarantine service held by companies and by the general public, along with quarantine personnel’s attitude to service, to consider whether the current level of quarantine efficiency is sufficient to meet both sides’ expectations. Chapter Two compares quarantine methods used in Taiwan with those used in other advanced nations from the point of view of systems, processes and management, to uncover areas where Taiwan could learn from other countries’ methods. Chapter Three examines the literature on public administration with respect to government re-engineering, customer-oriented operation, process design and total quality management in order to formulate a clear strategy for improvement. Chapter Four follows on from Chapters Two and Three by summarizing and discussing the various issues touched on. The results of the research indicate that the most effective methods of improving quarantine service quality would include improving employee teamwork, implementing customer-oriented process design, and adopting total solutions in the area of technology systems. Chapter Five suggests concrete, feasible methods and strategies for improvement, as a reference for government re-engineering projects.

碩士
開南大學
人文社會學院公共管理碩士在職專班
106
2017 is the 15th anniversary of establishing the Quarantine Detector Dog Team in Taiwan.Learning the experience from the United States and New Zealand.Our government decided to set up the Detector Dog Training Center to provide professional training venues,then obtain trainer certification,and complete Quarantine Detector Dog training autonomously which can establish a training model to suit the various conditions in Taiwan.The quarantine detector dog group has increased from at the beginning 3 to 47 lineups so far. They have successfully guarded the borders,prevented foreign animal and plant diseases and pests from invading our country and protected domestic agricultural production safety and people’s health. This study uses the collaborative governance model proposed by Ansell & Gash(2008).A literature analysis and in-depth interviews are adopted to conduct this research.It discusses the collaborative partnership between BAPHIQ,and the Society of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine in Taiwan from the perspectives of institutional design,collaborative process,facilitative leadership, and outcomes.It also discusses the origin,cooperation methods,executional effectiveness,facing difficulties,and advanced methods of the Quarantine Detector Dog System.Furthermore,it lets our people understand the importance of animal and plant prevention and quarantine, and also raise the awareness of it.

碩士
東吳大學
法律學系
105
The administrative coercive investigation is the useful methods of inquisition into facts and evidences that the government usually used in order to collects data or information, in use of the specific administrative purpose, or restraining and clamping down on any violation of administrative regulations. However, the launching and proceeding of administrative coercive investigation is involved in privacy, personal freedom, and property right based on assurance of the constitution. Therefore, that is the important issue and key problem that the operated the administrative coercive investigation is under constitutionality how to simultaneously to achieve both the specific administrative purpose and protecting basic human rights of the people. Administrative coercive investigation is used on inbound passenger animal and plant quarantine. The inspectors of the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan inspected the baggage of inbound passenger in the airport or seaport in order to prevent the animal, animal product, plant and plant product that violated the animal or plant quarantine regulations imported to Taiwan by the baggage of inbound passenger and keep Taiwan from the animal infectious animal disease, plant disease and pest damages through the baggage of inbound passenger. Therefore, inbound passenger animal and plant quarantine is the very important measure to promote the development of Taiwan’s agriculture, protect natural resources and safeguard the health of our people. On the other hand, inbound passenger animal and plant quarantine is the major measure of the border controls. This thesis focuses on the following issues concerning administrative coercive investigation including the concept, meaning, categories, execution, security of fundamental rights, and administrative remedy of administrative coercive investigation. And also on the principle and methods of administrative coercive investigation, and the perpetuation and function of evidence. In addition, this thesis discus the above-mentioned issue focus on inbound passenger animal and plant quarantine. This study hope could clarify the legal system and institutions of the administrative coercive investigation, especially on the animal and plant quarantine and offer some advises.

碩士
明道大學
材料科學與工程學系碩士班
97
The study utilized technique of microemulsion to synthesize Silica nanoparticles. The sizes of silica nanoparticles were measured by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data showed that diameters of nanoparticles were approximate 21～49 nm. We also observed the surface and shape of nanoparticles were relatively smooth and circular via Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Atomic force microscope (AFM). The silica nanoparticles could be efficiently covered with the fluorescent dye, Tris(2,2’- bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate (Rubpy). Furthermore, compared the methods of APTES with DETA of surface modified, the results showed that APTES were better. It increased more than threefold than which in DETA. The different sizes of fluorescent SiO2-NH2-COOH nanoparticles were further conjugated with Goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies termed Fluorescent silica nanoprobe (FSP). FSP was tested for the detection of antigens of phytopathogenic bacterium, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria （XVT40） using fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA). The results showed that varying size nanoparticles of FSP could efficiently detect XVT40 antigens in a concentration 103 cfu/ml. These results demonstrated that the fluorescent silica nanoprobes can be effectively used to detect the quarantine pathogens on plant diseases.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
事業經營系
102
The study aims to discuss the current condition and relationship of personnel service quality and satisfication from Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine staff. We look forward to proposing any suggestion for personnel unit reference and making the management policies and future research reference for the personnel agencies. Through related literature discussed about service quality and satisfaction,we investigate the staffs in the Council of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine Bureau and its subordinate agencies, and use "personnel service quality and overall satisfaction questionnaire" as the survey tool. Besides, we also use SPSS Windows 18.0 Chinese version of the computer software to collect information for the description of the statistical analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis for data processing. The conclusions of this study are listed as follows: First, there is a significant difference between "expect" and "real feel" of the Personnel Service.Second, there is little difference for the different "ages" and "frequency of contact with the personnel unit" staffs to expect the degree of quality of service personnel.Third, most of different "education" and "business property" staffs have significant differences in satisfaction with the quality of personnel services.Forth, the staffs show a positive correlation between satisfaction and each dimension of personnel service quality except empathy one. Tangible and assurance dimension of service quality show the significant positive correlation with overall satisfaction.Fifth, the necessary items to improve of the research includes "I think regulations, information and measures the personnel staff provide are trustworthy," "I think the personnel staff to support enthusiastically and assist employees in solving personnel issues" and the establishment of an information platform to provide personnel regulations and various forms etc.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
商業教育學系
98
By the changing of social environment,and the citizens require the quality of public affair service are growing up, There are several core values,such as loyalty,honest, profession,efficiency and care,have been set up for public officer to promote their service ability. Therefore,the government will achieve the goal of sustainable growing and development by personnal section of government. The personnel section of government have to strengthen the personnel management and tactics to lead or guide the officer doing these core values for the service efficiency of organization . This study is based on empirical method and using questionnaire survey,gathering and analysizing the data and information of profession,service, communication,empathy, dependability,performance management and information technology. The results of this study are that individual satisfaction of personnel service are different to influence the organization promise and satisfaction of personnel service. The results of this study are hopefully to benifit the work of the characteristic of Bureau of Aninal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine.

碩士
國立中興大學
國家政策與公共事務研究所
99
The purpose of this study is to discover the running situation with service quality of Account Department in Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan (BAPHIQ). Meanwhile, through the methods of investigations and statistical analysis, the study would understand better about what the differences between expectations and the real opinions by colleagues from other departments of BAPHIQ. By this, it would provide further suggestions and references for the Account Department to improve its service quality. The study is based on the conceptions of PZB Service Quality. For gaining more efficient analysis, an effective questionnaire was designed related to SERVQUAL scale; the research of account service quality, the writer’s working experience, and the useful suggestions from the interviewed professors. The questionnaire is fully done by the colleagues of BAPHIQ, to examine the dissimilarities between expectations and real opinions in order to discover the drawbacks of service quality and select the important ways influenced service quality and the main items of service. The results Account Department of BAPHIQ discovered are followings: 1.The colleagues to Account Department in BAPHIQ with high expectation. 2.The colleagues to Account Department in BAPHIQ with positive viewpoints, but not enough satisfaction. 3.There are Service quality gap in the Account Department of BAPHIQ. 4.The elements to effect service quality mostly are the perceiving of responsiveness, communications, and rules. To sum up, the research has received the important elements of above results; responsiveness, communications, and rules. Through these elements, it might be obvious to view that changing is the merely way not only to promote but also improve service quality in Account Department.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
技術及職業教育研究所
101
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the personality of veterinarians and their job satisfaction in the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine. In this study, we also explore separately the influence of the background parameters on the personality of veterinarians, and the relationship between personality and their job satisfaction. Research methods were using questionnaire survey and a self-developed “Questionnaire on the Correlation between The Personality of veterinarians and their job satisfaction in the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine” targeted veterinarians in the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine. In this survey, 131 questionnaires were issued, 111 among the 119 retrieved questionnaires were valid, and the effective response rate was 84.7%. Descriptive statistics,t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to analyze the result. The conclusions were as follow: 1. The most prominent personal characteristic of the veterinarians in the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine is agreeableness”, followed by“conscientiousness”. 2. In regard to job satisfaction, the veterinarians in the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine content with leadership of their supervisor the most, and relationship with colleagues the least. 3. There is no significant difference concerning personality between veterinarians in the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine of different sexes, marital status, ages, education, and years of service. 4. Statistics shows that there is noteworthy correlation between the personality of “agreeableness”,“self-discipline”,“Extrovert”,“ingenuousness to previous experience”of the veterinarians in the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine with extent of job satisfaction; in job satisfaction facet, the variation of “leadership”ranks first, “relationships”is of the lowest variation. 5.“Neuroticism”personality characteristic of BAPHIQ veterinarians relationship between job satisfaction and their significant differences, while at the job satisfaction facets, only the”relationships”are significantly different.