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Journal articles on the topic 'Plant resistance to pathogens'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Burdon, J. J., and P. H. Thrall. "Resistance variation in natural plant populations." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2002): S145—S150. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10342-pps.

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The general outcomes of long-term trajectories of coevolutionary interactions between specific hosts and pathogens are<br />set by the interaction of their life histories. However, within those outcomes the speed of co-evolutionary responses and<br />the extent of their expression in the resistance/virulence structure of wild plant and pathogen populations respectively,<br />are highly variable characters changing from place-to-place and time-to-time as a result of the interaction of host and<br />pathogen with the physical environment. As a consequence, understanding o

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2

Cohen, Y. "Systemic induced resistance." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2002): S122—S125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10334-pps.

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Biotic and abiotic agents may induce resistance in plants against pathogens. Abiotic agents may be synthetic or natural. The natural, non-protein amino acid BABA (DL-β-aminobutyric acid) induces systemic resistance in crop plants against pathogens. Dry, killed mycelia of Penicillium chrysogenum (DM) induces local resistance in plants against soil-borne pathogens. The activity of BABA and DM are described here in detail. Both products were shown to effectively control plant disease in nature.

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Wang, Xiaoyu, Lingyao Kong, Pengfei Zhi, and Cheng Chang. "Update on Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis and Its Roles in Plant Disease Resistance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (2020): 5514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155514.

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The aerial surface of higher plants is covered by a hydrophobic layer of cuticular waxes to protect plant tissues against enormous environmental challenges including the infection of various pathogens. As the first contact site between plants and pathogens, the layer of cuticular waxes could function as a plant physical barrier that limits the entry of pathogens, acts as a reservoir of signals to trigger plant defense responses, and even gives cues exploited by pathogens to initiate their infection processes. Past decades have seen unprecedented proceedings in understanding the molecular mecha

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Kou, Ming-Zhu, Daniel A. Bastías, Michael J. Christensen, Rui Zhong, Zhi-Biao Nan, and Xing-Xu Zhang. "The Plant Salicylic Acid Signalling Pathway Regulates the Infection of a Biotrophic Pathogen in Grasses Associated with an Epichloë Endophyte." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8 (2021): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7080633.

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The study of the contribution of the plant defence hormones, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), in the resistance against pathogens of plants associated with Epichloë fungal endophytes has been scanty. We hypothesised that Epichloë spp., capable of inducing host plant SA-dependent defences, would increase the levels of plant resistance against biotrophic pathogens. Plants of Achnatherum inebrians, with and without the fungal endophyte Epichloë gansuensis, were inoculated with the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis. We measured the status of plant defences (associated with SA

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VALE, FRANCISCO XAVIER RIBEIRO DO, J. E. PARLEVLIET, and LAÉRCIO ZAMBOLIM. "Concepts in plant disease resistance." Fitopatologia Brasileira 26, no. 3 (2001): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582001000300001.

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Resistance to nearly all pathogens occurs abundantly in our crops. Much of the resistance exploited by breeders is of the major gene type. Polygenic resistance, although used much less, is even more abundantly available. Many types of resistance are highly elusive, the pathogen apparently adapting very easily them. Other types of resistance, the so-called durable resistance, remain effective much longer. The elusive resistance is invariably of the monogenic type and usually of the hypersensitive type directed against specialised pathogens. Race-specificity is not the cause of elusive resistanc

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6

Sundin, G. W. "Antibiotic Resistance Affects Plant Pathogens." Science 291, no. 5513 (2001): 2551a—2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5513.2551a.

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7

Ávila Méndez, Kelly, and Hernán Mauricio Romero. "Plant responses to pathogen attack: molecular basis of qualitative resistance." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía 70, no. 2 (2017): 8225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v70n2.64526.

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Pathogens attack plants to assimilate nutrients from them. All plant species have succeeded in overcoming pathogenic attack; therefore disease condition is not the rule but the exception. A co-evolutionary battle has equipped plants with sophisticated defense mechanisms and cognate pathogens with a corresponding arsenal of counter strategies to overcome them. Traditionally, plant-pathogen interaction has been associated with molecules involved in recognition processes giving rise to models such as the "Zig-zag Model". However, this model is being re-evaluated because it is not consistent with

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8

Lutova, Ludmila A., and Galina M. Shumilina. "Metabolites of plants and their role in resistance to phytopathogens." Ecological genetics 1, no. 1 (2003): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen1047-58.

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Plant disease resistance is a complex reaction where biochemical peculiarities play a major role. The review is focused on two strategies of improvement of plant resistance to some groups of pathogens. The first strategy is based on a dependence of pathogens on certain plant compounds, i.e. sterols. The lack of these metabolites in a host plant repress pathogen development and reproduction. Here we present modern data on sterol metabolism and their functions in plants as well as description of known plant sterol mutants. The other way to improve plant resistance is to stimulate biosynthesis of

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Gough, Catherine, and Ari Sadanandom. "Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance." Biomolecules 11, no. 8 (2021): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081122.

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Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; pathogen effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt to evade immune responses. Here, we cover the mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens, and how growth is balanced with defence, with a focus on the essential roles of PTMs. Alteration of defence-related PTMs has the potential to fine-tune molecula

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Kachroo, Aardra, Paul Vincelli, and Pradeep Kachroo. "Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Resistance Responses: What Have We Learned, and How Is It Being Applied?" Phytopathology® 107, no. 12 (2017): 1452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-17-0130-rvw.

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Plants have evolved highly specific mechanisms to resist pathogens including preformed barriers and the induction of elaborate signaling pathways. Induced signaling requires recognition of the pathogen either via conserved pathogen-derived factors or specific pathogen-encoded proteins called effectors. Recognition of these factors by host encoded receptor proteins can result in the elicitation of different tiers of resistance at the site of pathogen infection. In addition, plants induce a type of systemic immunity which is effective at the whole plant level and protects against a broad spectru

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Catanzariti, Ann-Maree, and David A. Jones. "Effector proteins of extracellular fungal plant pathogens that trigger host resistance." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 10 (2010): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10077.

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An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that plant pathogens use to successfully colonise host tissue can be gained by studying the biological activity of pathogen proteins secreted during infection. Several secreted ‘effector’ proteins with possible roles in virulence have been isolated from extracellular fungal pathogens, including three that have been shown to negate host defences. In most cases, significant effector variation is observed between different pathogen isolates, driven by the recognitional capacity of disease resistance proteins arrayed against the pathogen by the host pla

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12

Brown, V. K., R. S. Fritz, and E. L. Simms. "Plant Resistance to Herbivores and Pathogens." Journal of Ecology 81, no. 4 (1993): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261683.

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13

Safarnejad, Mohammad Reza, Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani, Meisam Tabatabaie, Richard M. Twyman, and Stefan Schillberg. "Antibody-mediated resistance against plant pathogens." Biotechnology Advances 29, no. 6 (2011): 961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.011.

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14

Maleck, Klaus, and Kay Lawton. "Plant strategies for resistance to pathogens." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (1998): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(98)80117-1.

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15

Gill, Upinder S., Seonghee Lee, and Kirankumar S. Mysore. "Host Versus Nonhost Resistance: Distinct Wars with Similar Arsenals." Phytopathology® 105, no. 5 (2015): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-14-0298-rvw.

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Plants face several challenges by bacterial, fungal, oomycete, and viral pathogens during their life cycle. In order to defend against these biotic stresses, plants possess a dynamic, innate, natural immune system that efficiently detects potential pathogens and initiates a resistance response in the form of basal resistance and/or resistance (R)-gene-mediated defense, which is often associated with a hypersensitive response. Depending upon the nature of plant–pathogen interactions, plants generally have two main defense mechanisms, host resistance and nonhost resistance. Host resistance is ge

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Zhu, Qian-Hao, Wei-Xing Shan, Michael A. Ayliffe, and Ming-Bo Wang. "Epigenetic Mechanisms: An Emerging Player in Plant-Microbe Interactions." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 29, no. 3 (2016): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-08-15-0194-fi.

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Plants have developed diverse molecular and cellular mechanisms to cope with a lifetime of exposure to a variety of pathogens. Host transcriptional reprogramming is a central part of plant defense upon pathogen recognition. Recent studies link DNA methylation and demethylation as well as chromatin remodeling by posttranslational histone modifications, including acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, to changes in the expression levels of defense genes upon pathogen challenge. Remarkably these inducible defense mechanisms can be primed prior to pathogen attack by epigenetic modifications

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Lakshman, Dilip K., Savithiry Natarajan, Sudhamoy Mandal, and Amitava Mitra. "Lactoferrin-Derived Resistance against Plant Pathogens in Transgenic Plants." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61, no. 48 (2013): 11730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf400756t.

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18

Shen, Yilin, Na Liu, Chuang Li, et al. "The early response during the interaction of fungal phytopathogen and host plant." Open Biology 7, no. 5 (2017): 170057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170057.

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Plants can be infected by a variety of pathogens, most of which can cause severe economic losses. The plants resist the invasion of pathogens via the innate or acquired immune system for surviving biotic stress. The associations between plants and pathogens are sophisticated beyond imaging and the interactions between them can occur at a very early stage after their touching each other. A number of researchers in the past decade have shown that many biochemical events appeared even as early as 5 min after their touching for plant disease resistance response. The early molecular interactions of

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Çelik Oğuz, Arzu, and Aziz Karakaya. "Genetic Diversity of Barley Foliar Fungal Pathogens." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030434.

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Powdery mildew, net blotch, scald, spot blotch, barley stripe, and leaf rust are important foliar fungal pathogens of barley. Fungal leaf pathogens negatively affect the yield and quality in barley plant. Virulence changes, which can occur in various ways, may render resistant plants to susceptible ones. Factors such as mutation, population size and random genetic drift, gene and genotype flow, reproduction and mating systems, selection imposed by major gene resistance, and quantitative resistance can affect the genetic diversity of the pathogenic fungi. The use of fungicide or disease-resista

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Knogge, Wolfgang. "Plant Resistance Genes for Fungal Pathogens - Physiological Models and Identification in Cereal Crops." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 11-12 (1991): 969–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-11-1208.

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The complex biological phenomenon “resistance” can be reduced to single Mendelian traits acting on both the plant and the pathogen side in a number of pathosystems. According to the “gene-for-gene hypothesis”, the outcome of a plant/pathogen interaction in these cases is incompatibility if a plant carrying a particular resistance gene and a pathogen with the complementary avirulence gene meet. This suggests a causal role of resistance genes in a recognition process initiating active plant defense responses. Fundamentally different strategies are followed to identify these genes molecularly dep

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WANI, Shabir Hussain. "Inducing Fungus-Resistance into Plants through Biotechnology." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2, no. 2 (2010): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb224594.

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Plant diseases are caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, and their management requires the use of techniques like transgenic technology, molecular biology, and genetics. There have been attempts to use gene technology as an alternative method to protect plants from microbial diseases, in addition to the development of novel agrochemicals and the conventional breeding of resistant cultivars. Various genes have been introduced into plants, and the enhanced resistance against fungi has been demonstrated. These include: genes that express proteins, peptides, or antimicrobial comp

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22

García-Arenal, Fernando, and Bruce A. McDonald. "An Analysis of the Durability of Resistance to Plant Viruses." Phytopathology® 93, no. 8 (2003): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.8.941.

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Genetic resistance often fails because a resistance-breaking (RB) pathogen genotype increases in frequency. On the basis of an analysis of cellular plant pathogens, it was recently proposed that the evolutionary potential of a pathogen is a major determinant of the durability of resistance. We test this hypothesis for plant viruses, which differ substantially from cellular pathogens in the nature, size, and expression of their genomes. Our analysis was based on 29 plant virus species that provide a good representation of the genetic and biological diversity of plant viruses. These 29 viruses w

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23

Janni, Michela, Luca Sella, Francesco Favaron, Ann E. Blechl, Giulia De Lorenzo, and Renato D'Ovidio. "The Expression of a Bean PGIP in Transgenic Wheat Confers Increased Resistance to the Fungal Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, no. 2 (2008): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-2-0171.

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A possible strategy to control plant pathogens is the improvement of natural plant defense mechanisms against the tools that pathogens commonly use to penetrate and colonize the host tissue. One of these mechanisms is represented by the host plant's ability to inhibit the pathogen's capacity to degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIP) are plant defense cell wall glycoproteins that inhibit the activity of fungal endopolygalacturonases (endo-PGs). To assess the effectiveness of these proteins in protecting wheat from fungal pathogens, we produced a nu

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Onaga, Geoffrey, Kerstin D. Wydra, Birger Koopmann, Yakouba Séré, and Andreas von Tiedemann. "Elevated temperature increases in planta expression levels of virulence related genes in Magnaporthe oryzae and compromises resistance in Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare." Functional Plant Biology 44, no. 3 (2017): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16151.

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Temperature changes have the potential to alter the incidence and severity of plant disease epidemics and pressures, as well as to reshape the co-evolutionary relationships between plants and pathogens. However, the molecular basis of temperature modulation of pathogenicity of plant pathogens is still unclear. Here, we studied the effect of temperature on biomass of Magnaporthe oryzae in planta using qPCR. Additionally, the transcriptomes of M. oryzae and rice were analysed using RNA-seq. Rice seedlings were exposed to 35°C and 28°C for 7 days before pathogen inoculation. Inoculated plants wer

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Ayliffe, Michael, Sambasivam K. Periyannan, Angela Feechan, et al. "A Simple Method for Comparing Fungal Biomass in Infected Plant Tissues." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 6 (2013): 658–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-12-0291-r.

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Plant phenotypes resistant and susceptible to fungal pathogens are usually scored using qualitative, subjective methods that are based upon disease symptoms or by an estimation of the amount of visible fungal growth. Given that plant resistance genes often confer partial resistance to fungal pathogens, a simple, sensitive, nonsubjective quantitative method for measuring pathogen growth would be highly advantageous. This report describes an in planta quantitative assay for fungal biomass based upon detection of chitin using wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to a fluorophore. Using this assay, th

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Hardham, Adrienne R., and David M. Cahill. "The role of oomycete effectors in plant - pathogen interactions." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 10 (2010): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10073.

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Plants constantly come into contact with a diverse range of microorganisms that are potential pathogens, and they have evolved multi-faceted physical and chemical strategies to inhibit pathogen ingress and establishment of disease. Microbes, however, have developed their own strategies to counteract plant defence responses. Recent research on plant–microbe interactions has revealed that an important part of the infection strategies of a diverse range of plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, is the production of effector proteins that are secreted by the pathogen and that pr

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Liu, Xueru, Kevin Ao, Jia Yao, Yuelin Zhang, and Xin Li. "Engineering plant disease resistance against biotrophic pathogens." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 60 (April 2021): 101987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101987.

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Xia, Lili, Hui Huang, Wei Feng, and Yu Chen. "Silica nanoparticles boost plant resistance against pathogens." Science Bulletin 66, no. 12 (2021): 1151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.034.

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29

Martelli, G. P. "A critical appraisal of non conventional resistance to plant viruses." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2002): S15—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10311-pps.

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Among natural resistance mechanisms to plant pathogens, cultivar resistance has been extensively used in plant breeding to introduce what can be defined as “conventional” resistance to a number of them, including viruses. The necessity of overcoming the constraints of genetic incompatibility, so as to widen the range of possibile use of genetic control of infectious agents, has propitiated the utilization of biotechnological procedures, whereby “non conventional” or transgenic resistance was developed. Transgenic resistance to plant viruses encompasses the identification, cloning and tranferri

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Pink, D. A. C., and P. Hand. "Plant resistance and strategies for breeding resistant varieties." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2002): S9—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10310-pps.

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An explanation of the ‘boom-bust’ cycle of resistance breeding was provided by the gene-for-gene relationship between a pathogen and its host. Despite this understanding, most R genes continued to be deployed singly and resistance has been ephemeral. The reasons for breeding ‘single R gene’ varieties are discussed. Alternative strategies for the deployment of R genes and the use of quantitative race non-specific resistance have been advocated in order to obtain durable resistance. The feasibility of both of these approaches is discussed taking into account the impact of technologies such as pl

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Afanasenko, Olga S., and Kapiton V. Novozhilov. "Problems of rational use of genetic resources of plants resistance to diseases." Ecological genetics 7, no. 2 (2009): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen7238-43.

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The decision of a complex problem of rational use of plants genetic resources of resistance to diseases is based on principles of maintenance of a genetic diversity of resistance. The development of methodology of grain crops breeding with durable resistance to diseases is based on knowledge of evolutionary potential of most harmful pathogens and genetics of host-pathogen interactions. For molecular mapping of genes determined barley resistance to net blotch, spot blotch and scald double haploid barley populations were developed. Molecular mapping of genomes both plants and pathogens will prom

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Morrissey, John P., and Anne E. Osbourn. "Fungal Resistance to Plant Antibiotics as a Mechanism of Pathogenesis." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 63, no. 3 (1999): 708–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.63.3.708-724.1999.

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SUMMARY Many plants produce low-molecular-weight compounds which inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. These compounds may be preformed inhibitors that are present constitutively in healthy plants (also known as phytoanticipins), or they may be synthesized in response to pathogen attack (phytoalexins). Successful pathogens must be able to circumvent or overcome these antifungal defenses, and this review focuses on the significance of fungal resistance to plant antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis. There is increasing evidence that resistance of fungal pathogens to plant a

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Rall, Björn C., and Ellen Latz. "Analyzing pathogen suppressiveness in bioassays with natural soils using integrative maximum likelihood methods in R." PeerJ 4 (November 3, 2016): e2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2615.

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The potential of soils to naturally suppress inherent plant pathogens is an important ecosystem function. Usually, pathogen infection assays are used for estimating the suppressive potential of soils. In natural soils, however, co-occurring pathogens might simultaneously infect plants complicating the estimation of a focal pathogen’s infection rate (initial slope of the infection-curve) as a measure of soil suppressiveness. Here, we present a method in R correcting for these unwanted effects by developing a two pathogen mono-molecular infection model. We fit the two pathogen mono-molecular inf

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Xiao, Shunyuan, Piyavadee Charoenwattana, Lucy Holcombe, and John G. Turner. "The Arabidopsis Genes RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 Confer Induced Resistance to Powdery Mildew Diseases in Tobacco." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 4 (2003): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.4.289.

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Plant disease resistance (R) gene products recognize pathogen avirulence (Avr) gene products and induce defense responses. It is not known if an R gene can function in different plant families, however. The Arabidopsis thaliana R genes RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 confer resistance to the powdery mildew pathogens Erysiphe orontii, E. cichoracearum, and Oidium lycopersici, which also infect plants from other families. We produced transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, N. benthamiana, and Lycopersicon esculentum plants containing RPW8.1 and RPW8.2. Transgenic N. tabacum plants had increased resistance to E. orontii

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Brunner, Kurt, Susanne Zeilinger, Rosalia Ciliento, et al. "Improvement of the Fungal Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma atroviride To Enhance both Antagonism and Induction of Plant Systemic Disease Resistance." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (2005): 3959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.3959-3965.2005.

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ABSTRACT Biocontrol agents generally do not perform well enough under field conditions to compete with chemical fungicides. We determined whether transgenic strain SJ3-4 of Trichoderma atroviride, which expresses the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase-encoding gene, goxA, under a homologous chitinase (nag1) promoter had increased capabilities as a fungal biocontrol agent. The transgenic strain differed only slightly from the wild-type in sporulation or the growth rate. goxA expression occurred immediately after contact with the plant pathogen, and the glucose oxidase formed was secreted. SJ3-4

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Tucovic, Aleksandar, Dragan Karadzic, and Tanja Milijasevic. "Ecological-genetic specificities of the cultivated plant resistance to pathogens." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 92 (2005): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0592149t.

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This paper presents the method, specificities and the study results of the specificities of cultivated plant resistance. Experimental methods have the greatest contribution in the analysis of resistance. The cultivated plant resistance is the consequence of major ecological and genetic differentiations in the populations of pathogens and cultivated plants.

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Zhang, Meixiang, and Gitta Coaker. "Harnessing Effector-Triggered Immunity for Durable Disease Resistance." Phytopathology® 107, no. 8 (2017): 912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-17-0086-rvw.

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Genetic control of plant diseases has traditionally included the deployment of single immune receptors with nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) domain architecture. These NLRs recognize corresponding pathogen effector proteins inside plant cells, resulting in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Although ETI triggers robust resistance, deployment of single NLRs can be rapidly overcome by pathogen populations within a single or a few growing seasons. In order to generate more durable disease resistance against devastating plant pathogens, a multitiered strategy that incorporates stacked

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Dong, Weiguo, Wenqing Ren, Xuan Wang, Yanfei Mao, and Yuke He. "MicroRNA319a regulates plant resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 10 (2021): 3540–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab070.

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Abstract MicroRNA319a (miR319a) controls cell division arrest in plant leaves by inhibiting the expression of TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) family genes. However, it is unclear whether miR319a influences infection by necrotrophic pathogens and host susceptibility. In this study, we revealed that miR319a affects plant resistance to stem rot disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In Brassica rapa plants infected with S. sclerotiorum, miR319a levels increased while the expression levels of several BraTCP genes significantly decreased compared with those of uninfected plants. Overex

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Gómez-Ariza, Jorge, Sonia Campo, Mar Rufat, et al. "Sucrose-Mediated Priming of Plant Defense Responses and Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance by Overexpression of the Maize Pathogenesis-Related PRms Protein in Rice Plants." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 7 (2007): 832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-7-0832.

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Expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes is part of the plant's natural defense response against pathogen attack. The PRms gene encodes a fungal-inducible PR protein from maize. Here, we demonstrate that expression of PRms in transgenic rice confers broad-spectrum protection against pathogens, including fungal (Magnaporthe oryzae, Fusarium verticillioides, and Helminthosporium oryzae) and bacterial (Erwinia chrysanthemi) pathogens. The PRms-mediated disease resistance in rice plants is associated with an enhanced capacity to express and activate the natural plant defense mechanisms. Thus,

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Lee, Hyun-Ah, Hye-Young Lee, Eunyoung Seo, et al. "Current Understandings of Plant Nonhost Resistance." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 30, no. 1 (2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-16-0213-cr.

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Nonhost resistance, a resistance of plant species against all nonadapted pathogens, is considered the most durable and efficient immune system of plants but yet remains elusive. The underlying mechanism of nonhost resistance has been investigated at multiple levels of plant defense for several decades. In this review, we have comprehensively surveyed the latest literature on nonhost resistance in terms of preinvasion, metabolic defense, pattern-triggered immunity, effector-triggered immunity, defense signaling, and possible application in crop protection. Overall, we summarize the current unde

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Evivie, Ejiroghene Ruona, Matthew Chidozie Ogwu, Wei Cang, Rui Xu, and Jing Li. "Progress and prospects of glucosinolate pathogen resistance in some brassica plants." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 2 (2019): 556–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2117.

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Plants are constantly defending themselves against an array of assaults by pathogenic organisms. This has led to the evolution of precise and elaborate chemical defense systems involving glucosinolates (GSLs) in cruciferous plants. These GSLs and their hydrolysis products are biologically active and are implicated as enabling formidable plant defense processes in certain economically important members of Brassicaceae like broccoli, cabbage and mustard seed. This review provides a comprehensive report of how indole and aliphatic GSLs mitigate incidents of plant pathogenesis. By evaluating the r

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Dubrovina, Alexandra S., and Konstantin V. Kiselev. "Exogenous RNAs for Gene Regulation and Plant Resistance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (2019): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092282.

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Recent investigations documented that plants can uptake and process externally applied double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), hairpin RNAs (hpRNAs), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) designed to silence important genes of plant pathogenic viruses, fungi, or insects. The exogenously applied RNAs spread locally and systemically, move into the pathogens, and induce RNA interference-mediated plant pathogen resistance. Recent findings also provided examples of plant transgene and endogene post-transcriptional down-regulation by complementary dsRNAs or siRNAs applied onto the plant surfaces. Understanding

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Xiao, Xiaorong, Zhijuan Tang, Xiuqiong Li, et al. "Overexpressing OsMAPK12-1 inhibits plant growth and enhances resistance to bacterial disease in rice." Functional Plant Biology 44, no. 7 (2017): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16397.

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Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in plant growth and development, plant abiotic stresses signalling pathway and plant–pathogen interactions. However, little is known about the roles of MAPKs in modulating plant growth and pathogen resistance. In this study, we found that OsMAPK12–1, an alternatively spliced form of BWMK1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.), was induced by various elicitors, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, melatonin and bacterial pathogens. To further investigate the involvement of OsMAPK12–1 in plant growth and stress responses to bacterial pathogens

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Ayala-Doñas, Alejandro, Miguel de Cara-García, Miguel Talavera-Rubia, and Soledad Verdejo-Lucas. "Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and Grafting." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (2020): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111641.

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Soil-borne pathogenic fungi (SBPF) and root-knot nematodes (RKN) co-exist in the rhizosphere and are major pathogens causing root diseases in cucurbits. Current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens of cucurbit crops grown under protected cultivation, their host-pathogen interactions, and mechanisms of resistance has been reviewed. Plant resistance is an effective and sustainable method to control soil-borne diseases and the available resistant cultivars and rootstocks to key soil-borne pathogens are reported. The importance of proper pathogen diagnosis in the right choice of cultivar or rootstock

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Ravirala, Ramani S., Ravi D. Barabote, David M. Wheeler, et al. "Efflux Pump Gene Expression in Erwinia chrysanthemi Is Induced by Exposure to Phenolic Acids." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 3 (2007): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-3-0313.

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Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule in local and systemic plant resistance. Following infection by microbial pathogens and the initial oxidative burst in plants, SA accumulation functions in the amplification of defense gene expression. Production of pathogenesis-related proteins and toxic antimicrobial chemicals serves to protect the plant from infection. Successful microbial pathogens utilize a variety of mechanisms to rid themselves of toxic antimicrobial compounds. Important among these mechanisms are multidrug-resistance pumps that bring about the active efflux of toxic

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Lawrence, Greg. "Do plant pathogens produce inhibitors of the resistance reaction in plants?" Trends in Microbiology 3, no. 12 (1995): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(00)89014-9.

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Seifi, Hamed Soren, Jonas Van Bockhaven, Geert Angenon, and Monica Höfte. "Glutamate Metabolism in Plant Disease and Defense: Friend or Foe?" Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 5 (2013): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-12-0176-cr.

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Plant glutamate metabolism (GM) plays a pivotal role in amino acid metabolism and orchestrates crucial metabolic functions, with key roles in plant defense against pathogens. These functions concern three major areas: nitrogen transportation via the glutamine synthetase and glutamine-oxoglutarate aminotransferase cycle, cellular redox regulation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle-dependent energy reprogramming. During interactions with pathogens, the host GM is markedly altered, leading to either a metabolic state, termed “endurance”, in which cell viability is maintained, or to an opposite metabol

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Amorim, Lidiane, Romulo Santos, Joao Neto, Mauro Guida-Santos, Sergio Crovella, and Ana Benko-Iseppon. "Transcription Factors Involved in Plant Resistance to Pathogens." Current Protein & Peptide Science 18, no. 4 (2017): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666160619185308.

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Cohen, Yigal R. "β-Aminobutyric Acid-Induced Resistance Against Plant Pathogens". Plant Disease 86, № 5 (2002): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.448.

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Chase, A. R., and Jeanne M. F. Yuen. "Susceptibility of Schlumbergera truncata Cultivars to Four Plant Pathogens." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 11, no. 1 (1993): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-11.1.14.

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Abstract Susceptibility of 20 cultivars of holiday cacti (Schlumbergera truncata) to three fungal pathogens (Drechslera cactivora, Fusarium oxysporum, and Phytophthora parasitica) and one bacterial pathogen (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) was evaluated. Significant differences in disease severity among cultivars occurred in 11 of the 12 tests with some cultivars responding consistently to one or more pathogens. ‘Gold Charm’ was highly susceptible to all four pathogens tested. ‘White Christmas’ developed low levels of disease when inoculated with either D. cactivora or E. carotovora subs

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