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1
Golanowska, Malgorzata. "Characterization of Dickeya solani strains and identification of bacterial and plant signals involved in induction of virulence." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0087/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les bactéries pectinolytiques des genres Pectobacterium (ancien nom Erwinia carotovora) et Dickeya (ancien nom Erwinia chrysanthemi) sont les agents des maladies de la jambe noire et de la pourriture molle. Ils provoquent des dommages aux cultures et des pertes économiques élevées. Les pertes causées par les bactéries pectinolytiques sont évaluées à environ 2 à 10% du rendement de pommes de terre, en fonction de l'année. En 2009, les pertes en pommes de terre en Europe ont été estimées à 250 millions d'euros. Au cours des dernières années, des souches de Dickeya ont été de plus en plus souvent isolées de plantes malades en Pologne, en France et d'autres pays européens. Le genre Dickeya est un groupe très diversifié, qui, selon la nomenclature actuelle contient sept espèces: D. aquatica, D. chrysanthemi, D. dadantii, D. dianthicola, D. paradisiaca, D. solani et D. zeae. Les résultats récents, obtenus dans différents pays européens, indiquent qu'un nouveau groupe de souches de Dickeya peut infecter efficacement les plantes de pomme de terre et causer des symptômes de la maladie en climat tempéré. Les souches de D. solani sont considérés comme plus agressives que les autres bactéries causant la jambe noire. Une analyse préliminaire a suggéré qu’elles ont besoin de plus faibles températures optimales pour le développement de la maladie ainsi que de niveaux d'inoculum inférieurs pour la propagation de l'infection. Elles semblent avoir une plus forte capacité à coloniser les racines de plantes de pomme de terre et à se propager à travers le système vasculaire de la plante. Les souches de D. solani produisent une large gamme d’enzymes dégradant de la paroi cellulaire végétale, qui sont les principaux facteurs de virulence. Les objectifs de l'étude étaient les suivants: 1) la caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique des souches de D. solani isolées dans des pays ayant des conditions climatiques différentes: Pologne, Finlande et Israël, 2) l'étude de l’influence d'extraits de pomme de terre sur l'expression de quelques gènes sélectionnés de D. solani: pelD, pelL, tssk, lfaA, 3) la génomique comparative de dix souches de D. solani, basée sur 4 génomes séquencés pour cette étude et 6 séquences génomiques disponibles dans la base de données GenBank. En conclusion, toutes les études génomiques ont montré que les souches de D. solani forment un groupe très homogène. Cependant, leur analyse phénotypique révèle une certaine variabilité entre les souches provenant de différentes conditions climatiques. La raison des variations observées dans les traits phénotypiques peut être liée à la régulation de l'expression des gènes codant les facteurs de virulence qui peuvent être influencés par la température, le pH, la carence en fer ou en oxygène et la disponibilité en azote, ainsi que par la présence de composés spécifiques des tissus végétaux<br>Dickeya solani is a species consisting of newly emerged plant pathogenic bacteria that cause blackleg and soft rot diseases. They are responsible for great damages to potato plantations in most of European countries. D. solani strains produce a wide range of plant cell-wall degrading enzymes which are the main virulence factors. The aims of the study were: 1) phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of the D. solani strains isolated in countries with different climatic conditions: Poland, Finland and Israel, 2) study of the potato tuber extract influence on the expression of a few selected D. solani genes : pelD, pelL, tssK, lfaA,3) comparative genomics of ten D. solani strains, performed on 4 genomes sequenced for this study and 6 genome sequences available in the GenBank databases. The results showed that the strains from different climatic conditions have identical profiles in rep-PCR (with three different primers) and in Restriction Fragments Lenght Polymorphism-Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis. However, they do differ phenotypically, especially in the activity of plant cell-wall degrading enzymes. Polish strains have higher activities of pectinolytic, cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes than Finnish and Israeli strains. D. solani mutants in the pelD, pelL, tssK, lfaA genes were constructed by site-specific mutagenesis. The highest induction by plant extracts was observed for the lfaA gene. The expression of pelL is also induced by plant derived signal(s), but not that of pelD and tssK. Comparative genomics helped to elucidate the D. solani pangenome. The 10 D. solani strains genomes are coding for a total of 41 947 proteins which were grouped into 5 045 Orthologous Groups, 3 809 belonging to the core genome, 413 to the accessory genome and 823 to the unique genome. Some pathogenicity-related genes as well as their regulators were selected on the basis of the knowledge available for D. dadantii 3937, the most studied Dickeya strain, which belongs to a closely related species. Analysis of their protein sequence showed no difference in the sequence of those genes within the 10 genomes. All the genetic studies proved that D. solani strains form a very homogenous group. On the other hand, the phenotypic analysis showed some variability among strains from different climatic conditions. The observed variations in the phenotypic traits can results from a different regulation of the expression of the genes encoding virulence factors which are influenced by temperature, pH, iron deprivation, oxygen and nitrogen availability, as well as by the presence of plant compounds
2
Chugh, Mayank [Verfasser]. "Single-Molecule Investigations Into How Plant Kinesin-12 Motor Proteins Accurately Align The Cell Division Plane / Mayank Chugh." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-dspace-934248.
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3
Irving, Michael. "Reversible plant movement studied at single cell resolution." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321434.
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4
Rodrigues, Arturo Miguel Batista. "Coding of video with a single information plane." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2103.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>As actuais normas para codificação de vídeo, tais como os MPEG2/4 ou
H.263/4, foram desenvolvidas para codificação de vídeo com cor. A informação de cor
é representada usando um espaço apropriado, como, por
exemplo, o YCbCr. Estes espaços de cor são constituídos por três planos:
um para a dominância (no exemplo dado, o Y) e dois para a informação
de crominância (neste caso, o Cb e o Cr). Contudo, há aplicações onde a
informação a codificar é composta apenas por um plano de informação que
pode, por exemplo, representar níveis de cinzento em imagem médica, ou
índices para tabelas de cores. A motivação desta tese prende-se com dois
factos: a produção de imagens médicas em formato digital estar a crescer,
impondo técnicas eficazes para o tratamento e a compressão de dados e,
embora os modelos de cor indexada sejam há muito utilizados para representar
imagens, não têm sido convenientemente explorados em vídeo. Com
esta dissertação pretende-se investigar novas estratégias de compressão sem
perdas que explorem a redundância entre imagens consecutivas que caracterizam
estas modalidades de imagem. Portanto, ao longo do trabalho
implementou-se dois codificadores de vídeo para um só plano de informação,
baseados num modelo híbrido. Um deles utiliza codificação de Golomb e
o outro codificação aritmética, estudando-se assim a eficácia de cada um,
quer para a escala de cinzentos, quer para vídeos com tabela de cores indexadas.
Adicionalmente, para vídeos de cor indexada, implementou-se um
algoritmo de reordenação da tabela de cores, o que torna a codificação mais
eficaz.
ABSTRACT: The current standards for video encoding, such as MPEG2/4 or H.263/4,
have been developed for encoding video with color. The color information
is represented using an appropriate space, such as YCbCr. These color
spaces are made of three planes: one for luminance (in the given example,
the Y) and two for the chrominance information (in this case, the Cb and
Cr). However, there are applications where the information lies in a single
information plane that may, for example, represent shades of gray (medical
imaging) or indexes to color tables (color indexed video). The motivation
of this thesis is related with two points: the production of medical images
in digital format has been growing, imposing efficient techniques for the
treatment and compression of data and, although color indexed models have
been used for a long time to represent images, it has not been adequately
explored in video. With this thesis, we intended to investigate new strategies
for lossless compression which exploits the redundancy between consecutive
images that characterize these types of images. Therefore, during this work,
it has been implemented two video encoders with one information plane,
based on a hybrid model. One of them uses Golomb codes and the other
arithmetic coding. It has been studied the efficiency of each one, both using
gray scale and color indexed videos. In addition, for color indexed videos, it
has been implemented a palette reordering algorithm, making the encoding
more efficient.
5
Naumann, Julia, Karsten Salomo, Joshua P. Der, et al. "Single-Copy Nuclear Genes Place Haustorial Hydnoraceae within Piperales and Reveal a Cretaceous Origin of Multiple Parasitic Angiosperm Lineages." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-132144.
Full textAbstract:
Extreme haustorial parasites have long captured the interest of naturalists and scientists with their greatly reduced and highly specialized morphology. Along with the reduction or loss of photosynthesis, the plastid genome often decays as photosynthetic genes are released from selective constraint. This makes it challenging to use traditional plastid genes for parasitic plant phylogenetics, and has driven the search for alternative phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary markers. Thus, evolutionary studies, such as molecular clock-based age estimates, are not yet available for all parasitic lineages. In the present study, we extracted 14 nuclear single copy genes (nSCG) from Illumina transcriptome data from one of the “strangest plants in the world”, Hydnora visseri (Hydnoraceae). A ~15,000 character molecular dataset, based on all three genomic compartments, shows the utility of nSCG for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships in parasitic lineages. A relaxed molecular clock approach with the same multi-locus dataset, revealed an ancient age of ~91 MYA for Hydnoraceae. We then estimated the stem ages of all independently originated parasitic angiosperm lineages using a published dataset, which also revealed a Cretaceous origin for Balanophoraceae, Cynomoriaceae and Apodanthaceae. With the exception of Santalales, older parasite lineages tend to be more specialized with respect to trophic level and have lower species diversity. We thus propose the “temporal specialization hypothesis” (TSH) implementing multiple independent specialization processes over time during parasitic angiosperm evolution.
6
Wang, Kuochen 1955. "DESIGN AND TEST OF MULTIPLE NETWORKS ON A SINGLE BROADBAND CABLE PLANT." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277303.
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Cherbaka, Natalie Stanislaw. "Solving Single and Multiple Plant Sourcing Problems with a Multidimensional Knapsack Model." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29802.
Full textAbstract:
This research addresses sourcing decisions and how those decisions can affect the management of a company's assets. The study begins with a single-plant problem, in which one facility chooses, from a list of parts, which parts to bring in-house. The selection is based on maximizing the value of the selected parts, while remaining within the plant's capacity. This problem is defined as the insourcing problem and modeled as a multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP). The insourcing model is extended to address outsourcing and multiple plants. This multi-plant model, also modeled as an MKP, enables the movement of parts from one plant to another and consideration of a company-wide objective function (as opposed to a single-plant objective function as in the insourcing model).
The sourcing problem possesses characteristics that distinguish it from the standard MKP. One such characteristic is what we define as multiple attributes. To understand the multiple attribute characteristic, we compare the various dimensions in the multidimensional knapsack problem. A classification is given for an MKP as either having a single attribute (SA) or multiple attributes (MA). Mathematically, the problems of each attribute classification can be modeled in the same way with simply a different interpretation of the knapsack constraints. However, experimentation indicates that the MA-MKP is more difficult to solve than the SA-MKP. For small problems, with 100 variables and 5 constraints, the CPU time required to find the optimal solution for MA-MKP to SA-MKP problems has a ratio of 32:1.
To determine effective methods for addressing the MA-MKP, standard mixed integer programming techniques are tested. The results of this testing are that the exact approaches are not successful in dramatically reducing the solution time to the level of the SA problems. However, a simple heuristic that performs very well on the MA-MKP is presented. The heuristic utilizes variations on the benefit-to-cost ratio and strongest surrogate constraints. The results from experimentation for MA-MKP problem sets, generated using the methods for standard MKP test data sets in the literature, are presented and indicate that the heuristic performs well and improves with larger problems. The average gap between the heuristic solution and the optimal solution is 1.39% for 200-part problems and is reduced to 0.69% when the size of the problem is increased to 298 parts.
Although the MA characteristic reflects the sourcing problem, the actual data used in the eperimentation is generated with techniques presented in the literature for standard MKP test problems. Therefore, to more accurately represent the sourcing problem, industry data from a manufacturing facility is studied to identify further sourcing problem characteristics. As a result, industry-motivated data sets are generated that reflect the characteristics of industry data, yet maintain the structure of literature data sets to allow for easy comparison. It is found that both industry and industry-motivated data sets, although possessing the MA characteristic, are much easier to solve than SA problems. Indicators of difficulty appear to be the constraint tightness and a measure of the matrix sparsity. The sparsity is a significant factor because industry data tends to be very sparse, while data sets generated in the literature are completely dense. Another interesting result from the industry-motivated data sets with the single-plant problem is the tendency for a facility to prefer currently produced parts over insourcing new parts from outside the facility.
It is not uncommon for a company to have more than one facility with a particular capability. Therefore, the sourcing model is extended to include multiple facilities. With multiple-facilities, effectively all the parts are removed to form one list, and then each part is assigned to one of the facilities or outsourced externally. The multi-facility model is similar to the single-facility model with the addition of assignment constraints enforcing that each part can be assigned to only one facility. Experimentation is performed for the two-, three-, and four-facility models. The problem gets easier to solve as the number of facilities increases. With a greater number of facilities, it is likely that for each part one of facilities will dominate as the best option. Therefore, other solutions can quickly be eliminated and the problem solved more quickly. The two-facility problem is the most difficult; however, the heuristic performs well with an average gap of 0.06% between the heuristic and optimal solutions.
We conclude with a summary on experiences with modeling and solving the sourcing problem for a sheet metal fabrication facility. The model solved for this problem had over 1857 parts with 19 machines, which translates to over 70,000 variables and 38 constraints. Although extremely large compared to problems solved in the literature, this problem was solvable because of the unique structure of industry data. Our work with the facility saved the parent organization up to $4.16M per year and provided a tool that encourages a systematic and quantitative process for evaluating decisions related to sheet metal fabrication capacity.<br>Ph. D.
8
Shankar, H. N. "Adaptive Control Of A General Class Of Finite Dimensional Stable LTI Systems." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/225.
Full textAbstract:
We consider the problem of Adaptive Control of finite-dimensional, stable, Linear Time Invariant (LTI) plants. Amongst such plants, the subclass regarding which an upper bound on the order is not known or which are known to be nonminimum phase (zeros in the unstable region) pose formidable problems in their own right. On one hand, if an upper bound on the order of the plant is not known, adaptive control usually involves some form of order estimation. On the other hand, when the plant is allowed to be either minimum phase or nonminimum phase, the adaptive control problem, as is well-known, becomes considerably-less tractable.
In this study, the class of unknown plants considered is such that no information is available on the upper bound of the plant order and, further, the plant may be either minimum phase or nonminimum phase. Albeit known to be stable, such plants throw myriads of challenges in the context of adaptive control.
Adaptive control involving such plants has been addressed [79] in a Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) framework. There, the inputs and outputs of the unknown plant are the only quantities available by measurement in terms of which any form of modeling of the unknown plant may be made. Inputs to the reference model have been taken from certain restricted classes of bounded signals. In particular, the three classes of inputs considered are piecewise continuous bounded functions which asymptotically approach
• a nonzero constant,
• a sinusoid, and
• a sinusoid with a nonzero shift.
Moreover, the control law is such that adaptation is carried out at specific instants separated by progressively larger intervals of time. The schemes there have been proved to be e-optimal in the sense of a suitably formulated optimality criterion.
If, however, the reference model inputs be extended to the class of piecewise continuous bounded functions, that would compound the complexity of the adaptive control problem. Only one attempt [78] in adaptive control in such a setting has come to our notice. The problem there has been tackled by an application of the theory of Pade Approximations to time moments of an LTI system. Based on a time moments estimation procedure, a simple adaptive scheme for Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) systems with only a cascade compensator has been reported.
The first chapter is essentially meant to ensure that the problem we seek to address in the field of adaptive control indeed has scope for research. Having defined Adaptive Control, we selectively scan through the literature on LTI systems, with focus on MRAC. We look out in particular for studies involving plants of which not much is known regarding their order and systems which are possibly nonminimum phase. We found no evidence to assert that the problem of adaptive control of stable LTI systems, not necessarily minimum phase and of unknown upper bound on the order, was explored enough, save two attempts involving
SISO systems. Taking absence of evidence (of in-depth study) for evidence of absence, we make a case for the problem and formally state it. We preview the thesis.
We set two targets before us in Chapter 2. The first is to review one of the existing procedures attacking the problem we intend to address. Since the approach is based on the notion of time moments of an LTI system, and as we are to employ Pade Approximations as a tool, we uncover these concepts to the limited extent of our requirement. The adaptive procedure, Plant Command Modifier Scheme (PCMS) [78], for SISO plants is reported in some detail. It stands supported on an algorithm specially designed to estimate the time moments of an LTI system given no more than its input and output. Model following there has been sought to be achieved by matching the first few time moments of the reference model by the corresponding ones of the overall compensated plant. The plant time moment estimates have been taken to represent the unknown plant. The second of the goals is to analyze PCMS critically so that it may serve as a forerunner to our work. We conclude the chapter after accomplishing these goals.
In Chapter 3, we devise a time moment estimator for SISO systems from a perspective which is conceptually equivalent to, yet functionally different from, that appropriated in [78]. It is a recipe to obtain estimates of time moments of a system by computing time moment estimates of system input and output signals measured up to current time. Pade approximations come by handy for this purpose. The lacunae exposed by a critical examination of PCMS in Chapter 2 guide us to progressively refine the estimator. Infirmities in the control part of PCMS too have come to light on our probing into it. A few of these will be fixed by way of fabricating two exclusively cascade compensators. We encounter some more issues, traceable to the estimator, which need redressal. Instead of directly fine-tuning the estimator itself, as is the norm, we propose the idea of 'estimating' the lopsidedness of the estimator by using it on the fully known reference model. This will enable us to effect corrections and obtain admissible estimates. Next, we explore the possibility of incorporating feedback compensation in addition to the existing cascade compensation. With output error minimization in mind, we come up with three schemes in this category. In the process, we anticipate the risk of instability due to feedback and handle it by means of an instability preventer with an inbuilt instability detector. Extensive simulations with minimum and rionminimum phase unknown plants employing the various schemes proposed are presented. A systematic study of simulation results reveals a dyad of hierarchies of progressively enhanced overall performance. One is in the sequence of the proposed schemes and the other in going for matching more and more moments. Based on our experiments we pick one of the feedback schemes as the best.
Chapter 4 is conceived of as a bridge between SISO and multivariable systems. A transition from SISO to Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) adaptive control is not a proposition confined to the mathematics of dimension-enhancement. A descent from the MIMO to the SISO case is expected to be relatively simple, though. So to transit as smoothly and gracefully as possible, some issues have to be placed in perspective before exploring multivariable systems. We succinctly debate on the efforts in pursuit of the exact vis-a-vis the accurate, and their implications. We then set some notations and formulate certain results which serve to unify and simplify the development in the subsequent three chapters. We list a few standard results from matrix theory which are to be of frequent use in handling multivariable systems.
We derive control laws for Single-Input Multi-Output (SIMO) systems in Chapter 5. Expectedly, SIMO systems display traits of observability and uncontrollability. Results of
illustrative simulations are furnished.
In Chapter 6, we formulate control laws for Multi-Input Single-Output (MISO) systems. Characteristics of unobservability and controllability stand out there. We present case studies. Before actually setting foot onto MIMO systems, we venture to conjecture on what to expect there.
We work out all the cascade and feedback adaptive schemes for square and nonsquare MIMO systems in Chapter 7. We show that MIMO laws when projected to MISO, SIMO and SISO cases agree with the corresponding laws in the respective cases. Thus the generality of our treatment of MIMO systems over other multivariable and scalar systems is established. We report simulations of instances depicting satisfactory performance and highlight the limitations of the schemes in tackling the family of plants of unknown upper bound on the order and possibly nonminimum phase. This forms the culmination of our exercise which took off from the reported work involving SISO systems [78].
Up to the end of the 7th chapter, we are in pursuit of solutions for the problem as general as in §1.4. For SISO systems, with input restrictions, the problem has been addressed in [79]. The laws proposed there carry out adaptation only at certain discrete instants; with respect to a suitably chosen cost, the final laws are proved to be e>optimal. In Chapter 8, aided by initial suboptimal control laws, we finally devise two algorithms with continuous-time adaptation and prove their optimality. Simulations with minimum and nonminimum phase plants reveal the effectiveness of the various laws, besides throwing light on the bootstrapping and auto-rectifying features of the algorithms.
In the tail-piece, we summarize the work and wind up matters reserved for later deliberation. As we critically review the present work, we decant the take-home message. A short note on applications followed by some loud thinking as a spin-off of this report will take us to finis.
9
Rugen, Nils [Verfasser]. "From single proteins to supercomplexes : a proteomic view on plant mitochondria / Nils Rugen." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1204458707/34.
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Naumann, Julia, Karsten Salomo, Joshua P. Der, et al. "Single-Copy Nuclear Genes Place Haustorial Hydnoraceae within Piperales and Reveal a Cretaceous Origin of Multiple Parasitic Angiosperm Lineages." Public Library of Science, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27425.
Full textAbstract:
Extreme haustorial parasites have long captured the interest of naturalists and scientists with their greatly reduced and highly specialized morphology. Along with the reduction or loss of photosynthesis, the plastid genome often decays as photosynthetic genes are released from selective constraint. This makes it challenging to use traditional plastid genes for parasitic plant phylogenetics, and has driven the search for alternative phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary markers. Thus, evolutionary studies, such as molecular clock-based age estimates, are not yet available for all parasitic lineages. In the present study, we extracted 14 nuclear single copy genes (nSCG) from Illumina transcriptome data from one of the “strangest plants in the world”, Hydnora visseri (Hydnoraceae). A ~15,000 character molecular dataset, based on all three genomic compartments, shows the utility of nSCG for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships in parasitic lineages. A relaxed molecular clock approach with the same multi-locus dataset, revealed an ancient age of ~91 MYA for Hydnoraceae. We then estimated the stem ages of all independently originated parasitic angiosperm lineages using a published dataset, which also revealed a Cretaceous origin for Balanophoraceae, Cynomoriaceae and Apodanthaceae. With the exception of Santalales, older parasite lineages tend to be more specialized with respect to trophic level and have lower species diversity. We thus propose the “temporal specialization hypothesis” (TSH) implementing multiple independent specialization processes over time during parasitic angiosperm evolution.
11
Clay, Christine Nicole. "Non-leaf chlorenchyma in Bienertia cycloptera and Suaeda aralocaspica (chenopodiaceae) exhibit single cell C₄ photosynthesis." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2006/c%5Fclay%5F050506.pdf.
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Høydal, Øyvind Arne. "Central Processing of Plant Odor Mixtures and Single Odorants in the Moth Heliothis virescens." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16815.
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SamandragInsekt nyttar luktesansen til mange formål som er avgjerande for overlevnad og reproduktiv suksess. Ein veksande kunnskapsbase tyder på at miksturar av nokre få biologisk relevante plantevolatiler kan vekke atferdsmessige responsar i insekt medan einskilde volatiler har liten effekt. Mykje forsking er gjort på nevral prosessering av binære duftblandingar i det primære luktesenteret til insekt, men ein veit lite om korleis informasjon om blandingar av mange komponentar vert handsama i høgare ordens hjernesentra. Denne studien tok sikte på å utforske prosessering av informasjon om biologisk relevante plantedufter og komplekse duftblandingar i høgare ordens luktesentra i nattflyarten Heliothis virescens. Insekt vart stimulerte med primære plantedufter og komplekse duftblandingar medan intracellulære registreringar vart utførte på høgare ordens nevron i laterale og superiore protocerebrum. Nokre nevron vart òg karakteriserte morfologisk ved intracellulær fargeinjeksjon, og eit av desse nevrona vart rekonstruert digitalt i tre dimensjonar og registrert inn i eit standard hjerneatlas som er konstruert for denne arten. Nevrofysiologiske analyser viste at duftblandingane vekte responsar med høgare sannsyn enn enkeltdufter i desse høgare ordens nevrona. Mange nevron skilde mellom blandingar og enkeltkomponentar ved å svare med ulik styrke på dei to typane stimuli, men det var ikkje noko fast forhold mellom responsmønstera eit nevron utviste for ei blanding og responsmønstera nevronet utviste for komponentane i blandinga. Resultata viste òg at mange nevron kunne skilje mellom to komplekse blandingar som var kjemisk nært slekta. Blandingane vakte dei sterkaste responsane I storparten av nevrona, men eit nevron svarte spesifikt på berre éin primær odorant. Desse resultata tyda på at informasjon om primære plantedufter vert integrerte i høgare ordens nevron på ein ikkje-lineær måte som er spesifikk for kvar duftblanding og kvart enkelt nevron. Vidare utviser høgare ordens nevron primært synergi for duftblandingar, men informasjon om spesifikke enkeltdufter er òg bevart i høgare hjernesentra.
13
Sidhu, Harjot. "Non-Destructive Analysis of Single Plant Canola (Brassica Napus) Seed Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26652.
Full textAbstract:
Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is widely used for quantitative analysis of oilseeds in a non-destructive manner. Canola (Brassica napus) is a popular oilseed crop that is used for food and biofuel markets. Due to limited seed availability in plant breeding programs, single plant analysis is often preferred. An NIRS commercial calibration model was evaluated to predict single plant canola seed, but the results showed the need for new NIRS calibration models to predict moisture content, oil content, and fatty acid content for single plant canola seed (3 g) with minimal sample preparation. A separate NIRS calibration model was developed for glucosinolates content utilizing 20 g seed. The resulting NIRS calibration models for moisture and oil content were acceptable. However, suitable NIRS calibration models were not obtained for fatty acids and glucosinolates content due to limited constituent variability and the narrow wavelength range used to collect spectra.<br>North Dakota Center of Excellence for Oilseeds Development<br>North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station
14
Linnik, Volha. "Functional analysis of a plant virus replication 'factory' using live cell imaging." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4639.
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Plant viruses have developed a number of strategies that enable them to become obligate intracellular parasites of many agricultural crops. Potato virus X (PVX) belongs to a group of positive-sense, single-stranded plant RNA viruses that replicate on host membranes and form elaborate structures known as viral replication complexes (VRCs) that contain viral RNA (vRNA), proteins and host cellular components. VRCs are the principal sites of viral genome replication, virion assembly and packaging of vRNA for export into neighbouring cells. For many animal viruses, host membrane association is crucial for RNA export. For plant viruses, it is not yet known how vRNA is transported to and through plant plasmodesmata. PVX encodes genetic information required for its movement between cells; three viral triple gene block (TGB) movement proteins and a viral coat protein are essential for viral trafficking. This research project studies the relationship between PVX and its host plants, Nicotiana benthamina and Nicotiana tabacum. A particular focus of this project is exploration of the structural and functional significance of the PVX VRC and how the virus recruits cell host components for its replication and movement between cells. The role of specific viral proteins in establishing the VRC, and the ways in which these interact with host organelles, was investigated. A combination of different approaches was used, including RNA-binding dyes and a Pumilio-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay for detection of the vRNA, fluorescent reporters for virusencoded proteins, fluorescent reporters for host organelles involved in viral replication, and also transgenic tobacco plants expressing reporters for specific plant components (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, actin, microtubules and plasmodesmata). In addition, mutagenesis was used to study the functions of individual viral proteins in replication and movement. All of these approaches were combined to achieve live-cell imaging of the PVX infection process. The PVX VRC was shown to be a highly compartmentalised structure; (+)-stranded vRNA was concentrated around the viral TGB1 protein, which was localised in discrete circular compartments within the VRC while coat protein was localised to the external edges of the VRC. The vRNA was closely associated with host components (endoplasmic reticulum and actin) shown to be involved in the formation of the VRC. The TGB2/TGB3 viral proteins were shown to colocalise with the host endomembranes (ER) and to exit these compartments in the form of motile granules. vRNA, TGB1, TGB2 and CP localised to plasmodesmata of the infected cells. TGB1 was shown to move cell-to-cell and recruit ER, Golgi and actin in the absence of viral infection. In the presence of virus, TGB1 targeted the VRCs in several neighbouring cells. A model of PVX replication and movement is proposed in which TGB1 functions as a key component for recruitment of host components into the VRC to enable viral replication and spread.
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Hagenau, Lisa [Verfasser]. "Identification of regulators and effectors of single-cell C4 morphology by comparative transcriptomics of dark-grown cotyledons of the single-cell C4 plant Bienertia sinuspersici and the related C3 plant Suaeda heterophylla / Lisa Hagenau." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1169968937/34.
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Liu, Jianyun. "Plant-derived Murine IL-12 and Ricin B-Murine IL-12 Fusions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30190.
Full textAbstract:
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), an important immuno-modulator for cell-mediated immunity, shows significant potential as a vaccine adjuvant and anti-cancer therapeutic. However, its clinical application is limited by lack of an effective bioproduction system and by toxicity associated with systemic administration of IL-12. The goals of this research were to determine whether plants can serve as an effective production system for bioactive IL-12, a complex 70kDa glycoprotein cytokine, and whether the plant lectin RTB can facilitate mucosal delivery of IL-12 to immune responsive sites. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing murine IL-12 were generated and characterized. To ensure stochiometric expression of the two separately encoded, disulfide-linked subunits of IL-12 (p35 and p40), a single-chain form of mouse IL-12 (mIL-12) was utilized. Hairy root cultures, as a fast-growing bioproduction system were developed from high expressers of mIL-12. A purification scheme was developed to purify plant-derived mIL-12 from hairy roots and purified mIL-12 was used to assess IL-12 bioactivity in vitro in mouse splenocytes and in vivo in mouse intranasal vaccination trials. Plant-derived mIL-12 triggered induction of interferon-gamma secretion from mouse splenocytes as well as stimulation of cell proliferation with comparable activities to those observed for the animal-cell-derived mIL-12. Mouse vaccination trials using GFP as the antigen and CT as the adjuvant suggested that plant-derived mIL-12 enhanced Th1 immunity and exhibited similar activity to animal-cell-derived mIL-12 in vivo. Plant-derived IL-12 itself was non-immunogenic suggesting conformational equivalency to endogenous mouse IL-12.
Ricin B (RTB), the non-toxic carbohydrate-binding subunit of ricin, directs uptake of ricin into mammalian cells and the intracellular trafficking of ricin A, the catalytic subunit of ricin. RTB's function suggests that it may work as a molecular carrier for effective mucosal delivery of IL-12. To prove this hypothesis, transgenic plants producing RTB:IL-12 fusions were generated and characterized. Our results demonstrated that RTB fused to the carboxyl-terminus of IL-12 maintained full lectin activity and IL-12 bioactivity. RTB fused to the amino-terminus of IL-12 did not show lectin activity due to steric hinderance. Purified IL-12:RTB from transgenic plant tissue was tested in an in vitro mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) assay. The results indicate that RTB facilitates the binding of IL-12 to the epithelial cells and presentation of IL-12 to immune responsive cells.
In conclusion, my research has shown that transgenic plants are capable of producing valuable bioactive proteins, such as IL-12. Plant-derived mIL-12 exhibited similar activity to animal-cell-derived mIL-12 both in vitro and in vivo. Fusion of IL-12 with the RTB lectin facilitates the delivery of IL-12 to mucosal immune responsive cells and thus may serve as a molecular carrier to enhance IL-12 efficacy and reduce the side-effects associated with systemic administration of IL-12.<br>Ph. D.
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Kesanakurti, S. S. V. Prasada Rao. "Development and application of single or low copy universal primers from the plant nuclear genome." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435691.
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Botha, Joshua Leon. "Using single molecule spectroscopy to study fast photoprotective processes in plants." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60864.
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The fundamental mechanisms involved in photosynthesis provide an opportunity
to study physical principles that span over both classical and quantum scales. A
better understanding of these mechanisms will benefit the development of alternative
energy sources such as cheaper biofuel and more effective photovoltaics.
This dissertation describes the single molecule spectroscopy setup that was assembled
during my MSc-degree and the underlying theory required to understand
the technique, is discussed. The greatest part of the setup development involved
customised software development that performs the measurement. The code of
this software is briefly discussed. Thereafter the results of a series of single molecule
spectroscopy measurements of isolated light harvesting complex II (LHCII)
that undergo non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) are described. The fast, reversible,
energy-dependent component (qE) of NPQ is emulated by lowering the pH of
the solvent in which the complexes are diluted. Apart from fluorescence intensity
measurements, time correlated single photon counting is used to measure fluorescence
lifetimes, which serves as an indirect measurement of NPQ. It was found
that quenching could be taking place before the energy reaches the terminal emitter,
and a relationship between intermediate fluorescence states and high jumping
frequencies was established.<br>Die fundamentele meganismes wat by fotosintese betrokke is skep 'n ideale
geleentheid om beginsels te bestudeer wat oor beide klassieke en kwantumskale
strek. 'n Beter verstaan van hierdie meganismes sal die ontwikkeling
van alternatiewe energiebronne soos goedkoop biobrandstof en meer effektiewe
fotovoltaïese selle bevorder. Hierdie verhandeling beskryf die
enkelmolekuulspektroskopie-opstelling wat tydens my MSc-graad opgerig is en
die onderliggende teorie wat nodig is om die tegniek te verstaan, word bespreek.
Die grootste deel van die ontwikkeling van die opstelling het die
ontwikkeling van toepassingsgerigte sagteware behels. Die kode van hierdie
sagteware word oorsigtelik bepreek. Vervolgens word die resultate van 'n reeks
enkelmolekuulspektroskopie-metings beskryf waartydens nie-fotochemiesedowing
(NFD) in die geïsoleerde ligversamelingskompleks II (LHCII) van hoër
plante bestudeer is. Die vinnige, omkeerbare, energie-afhanklike komponent (qE)
van NFD is geëmuleer deur die pH van die oplossing waarin die komplekse opgelos
is, te verlaag. Buiten metings van die fluoressensie-intensiteite is tydsgekorreleerde
enkelfotontelling ook toegepas om fluoressensieleeftye te meet, wat as 'n
indirekte meting van die mate van NFD dien. Die moontlikheid dat dowing plaasvind
voordat die opwekkingsenergie die laagste energietoestand in die kompleks
bereik, is ontdek en 'n verwantskap tussen intermediêre fluoressensietoestande en
hoëfrekwensieskakeling word gelê.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Physics<br>MSc<br>Unrestricted
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Hendy, Simon Michael. "In planta expression of anti-viral coat protein single-chain Fvs." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29780.
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This thesis describes the expression of two anti-potyvirus single-chain Fvs in planta. The work was done with a view to obtaining functional single-chain Fv protein which could be used in virus diagnostics, and also which could possibly mediate plant virus resistance. The project aimed to achieve expression using two different approaches. In the first a potato virus X expression vector was used. The inclusion of single-chain Fv sequence did not appear to greatly influence the potato virus X infection process. Western blot analysis of vector-infected tissue showed single-chain Fv protein which migrated at an apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa. An apoplast targeting signal sequence was shown to significantly increase single-chain Fv accumulation levels. A single-chain Fv diabody, with a shortened variable domain linker, was also expressed in this way. In antigen binding tests single-chain Fv protein, expressed by the potato virus X vector, bound virus antigen with the same specific as the parental monoclonal antibodies. An association between the single-chain Fvs and negative control cucumber mosaic virus was detected. Further analysis however, indicated that this was not an antibody-antigen interaction. The second approach to obtaining single-chain Fv expression was to use Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation. A number of the resulting transgenic lines were shown to accumulate functional single-chain Fv protein. This accumulation was higher in those lines which included apoplast or chloroplast targeting sequences. However, chloroplast targeted single-chain Fv protein was not functional. Virus resistance tests, performed using both manual and aphid inoculation, showed that the accumulation of single-chain Fv protein in the transgenic plants produced no detectable potyvirus resistance effect.
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Kelly, Jacob. "Techno-economic study for a 50 MW PV plant in Nigeria." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37215.
Full textAbstract:
As part of Nigeria’s drive to increase electricity production capacity and shift to renewable sources, a new 50 MW photovoltaic (PV) plant is proposed for a town in north-west Nigeria. Rather than using conventional monofacial modules and fixed mounting, it is of interest to consider a selection of new technologies which are attracting growing attention in the global utility PV market. These can increase energy output, and could be used to advantage in this 50 MW plant. However, the technologies, namely bifacial modules and solar tracking, are more expensive than their conventional counterparts, while their relative performance depends on the latitude and climate of the plant location. Thus their economic benefit cannot be taken for granted. The aim of this study is to propose multiple designs for the 50 MW plant using different combinations of module and mounting technologies, finding their economic order of merit by estimating their respective levelised costs of electricity (LCOEs).Using the simulation software PVsyst, the electricity production of different plant layouts and component configurations was estimated. Key parameters such as tilt angle and pitch distance were varied in order to optimise each configuration of technologies. Having sourced economic data from the industry and literature, lifetime plant costs were calculated, which in combination with lifetime electricity production, were used to estimate the LCOE.As expected, results indicated that the optimum configuration was bifacial modules mounted on horizontal single-axis tracking (SAT), followed by monofacial modules on horizontal SAT. Fixed installations had greater LCOEs by a reasonable margin, while the LCOE difference between monofacial and bifacial modules on fixed mounting was within the error of the calculation, meaning this choice relies on more accurate input data. A sensitivity analysis allowed uncertainty in the results to be gauged, and highlighted the factors which most influence LCOE, so that efforts to increase profitability can be focussed in the right places. Finally, suggestions are offered to help optimise bifacial and tracking installations by comparison with conventional plants.The conclusions drawn herein will be specifically relevant to the Swedish developer and EPC contractor Svenska Solenergigruppen which, in due course, will submit a plant design proposal to the project developer of the 50 MW plant. However, it is hoped that this work will act as a guide for any EPC contractor or developer working on a utility PV plant in sub-Saharan Africa, allowing efficient design of an optimal system.
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Krampis, Konstantinos. "Systems View Of The Soybean Genetic Mechanisms Involved In The Response To Plant Pathogen Infection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37672.
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This thesis involves the important crop plant soybean (Glycine max), and provides a rich information resource for breeders and geneticists working towards improving traits for pathogen resistance.Results reported here provide a systemic view at both the genetic and biochemical level, and were generated by dataÂ-mining gene expression data from soybean cultivars inoculated with plant pathogens and also recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations.The genome variability based on Single Feature
Polymorphisms (SFPs) was measured for the first time in soybean, using a genetically diverse set of cultivated G. max lines and also a G. soja line. Additionally, a genetic map spanning all 20 soybean chromosomes groups were assembled in a large RIL population.The well studied metabolic
pathways from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, were reconstructed in G. max based on sequence similarity comparison between the genomes of the two species. We performed algorithmic analysis of pathways in our set of soybean lines and RILs using the gene expression data, and acquired a systemic view of the metabolic response to pathogen infection in different genetic backgrounds.Significant differences in the patterns of pathway perturbation was observed in the different lines, and also between four different chromosomal regions that have been known to contain genetic elements contributing to pathogen resistance.<br>Ph. D.
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Safyel, Zerrin. "Enhancement Of The Bottoming Cycle In A Gas/steam Combined Cycle Power Plant." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605896/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A combined cycle gas/steam power plant combines a gas turbine (topping cycle) with a steam power plant (bottoming cycle) through the use of a heat recovery steam generator. It uses the hot exhaust of the gas turbine to produce steam which is used to generate additional power in the steam power plant.
The aim of this study is to establish the different bottoming cycle performances in terms of the main parameters of heat recovery steam generator and steam cycle for a chosen gas turbine cycle.
First of all<br>for a single steam power cycle, effect of main cycle parameters on cycle performance are analyzed based on first law of thermodynamics. Also, case of existence of a reheater section in a steam cycle is evaluated.
For a given gas turbine cycle, three different bottoming cycle configurations are chosen and parametric analysis are carried out based on energy analysis to see the effects of main cycle parameters on cycle performance. These are single pressure cycle, single pressure cycle with supplementary firing and dual pressure cycle. Also, effect of adding a single reheat to single pressure HRSG is evaluated.
In single pressure cycle, HRSG generates steam at one pressure level.
In dual pressure cycle, HRSG generates steam at two different pressure levels. i.e. high pressure and low pressure.
In single pressure cycle with supplementary firing excess oxygen in exhaust gas is fired before entering HRSG by additional fuel input. So, temperature of exhaust gas entering the HRSG rises.
Second law analysis is performed to able to see exergy distribution throughout the bottoming plant<br>furthermore second law efficiency values are obtained for single and dual pressure bottoming cycle configurations as well as basic steam power cycle with and without reheat.
It is shown that maximum lost work due to irreversibility is in HRSG for a bottoming cycle in a single pressure gas / steam combined power plant and in boiler for a steam cycle alone.
Comparing this with the single pressure cycle shows how the dual pressure cycle makes better use of the exhaust gas in the HRSG that dual pressure combined cycle has highest efficiency values and lost work due to irreversibility in -most significant component- HRSG can be lowered.
And also it is shown that by extending the idea of reheat the moisture content is reduced and improvement in the performance is possible for high main steam pressures.
Another observation is that supplementary firing increases the steam turbine output compared to the cycle without supplementary firing. The efficiency rises slightly for HP steam pressures higher than 14 MPa at HRSG exit, because the increased steam production also results in increased mass flows removing more energy from the exhaust gas.
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Girvin, Douglas Lynn. "Numerical analysis of right-half plane zeros for a single-link manipulator." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16945.
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Rahman, Haseeb Ahmad. "Accurate measurement of three-dimensional natural knee kinematics using single-plane fluoroscopy." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0002640.
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Oakey, Mary E. "Developing a Quantitative Means for Evaluating Single Isocenter Multi-Target SRS Plans." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1556908025631349.
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Morcos, Karim M. "Genetic network parameter estimation using single and multi-objective particle swarm optimization." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9207.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Science<br>Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering<br>Sanjoy Das<br>Stephen M. Welch<br>Multi-objective optimization problems deal with finding a set of candidate optimal solutions to be presented to the decision maker. In industry, this could be the problem of finding alternative car designs given the usually conflicting objectives of performance, safety, environmental friendliness, ease of maintenance, price among others. Despite the significance of this problem, most of the non-evolutionary algorithms which are widely used cannot find a set of diverse and nearly optimal solutions due to the huge size of the search space. At the same time, the solution set produced by most of the currently used evolutionary algorithms lacks diversity.
The present study investigates a new optimization method to solve multi-objective problems based on the widely used swarm-intelligence approach, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Compared to other approaches, the proposed algorithm converges relatively fast while maintaining a diverse set of solutions. The investigated algorithm, Partially Informed Fuzzy-Dominance (PIFD) based PSO uses a dynamic network topology and fuzzy dominance to guide the swarm of dominated solutions.
The proposed algorithm in this study has been tested on four benchmark problems and other real-world applications to ensure proper functionality and assess overall performance. The multi-objective gene regulatory network (GRN) problem entails the minimization of the coefficient of variation of modified photothermal units (MPTUs) across multiple sites along with the total sum of similarity background between ecotypes. The results throughout the current research study show that the investigated algorithm attains outstanding performance regarding optimization aspects, and exhibits rapid convergence and diversity.
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Rintamaa, Rauno. "Single specimen fracture toughness determination procedure using instrumented impact test /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1993. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/30658.
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Freeman, Michelle S. "Trump’s Tax Plan Hurts Single Parents with Children Pursuing a College Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5776.
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Schambach, Jim. "A plan for assisting strategic planning committees in the selection of appropriate models of single/young adult ministry in a local church or community context." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.
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Eker, Suleyman Umut. "Single And Dual Band Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector Focal Plane Arrays On Inp Substrates." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611601/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Excellent uniformity and mature material properties of Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs) have allowed the realization of large format, low cost staring focal plane arrays (FPAs) in various thermal imaging bands. AlGaAs/InGaAs and AlGaAs/GaAs materials systems have been the standard systems for the construction of mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength (LWIR) QWIPs. However AlGaAs/GaAs QWIP FPAs suffer from low quantum and conversion efficiencies under high frame rate (low integration time) and/or low background conditions limiting the application area of standard QWIPs. This thesis focuses on the growth and development of InP based single and dual band QWIP FPAs. We experimentally demonstrate that QWIPs on InP substrates provide important advantages that can be utilized to overcome the bottlenecks of the standard GaAs based QWIP technology.
InP/InGaAs material system is an alternative to AlGaAs/GaAs for LWIR QWIPs. We demonstrate a large format (640x512) LWIR QWIP FPA constructed with strained InP/InGaAs material system. The strain introduced to the structure shifts the cut-off wavelength from ~8.5 to 9.7 µ<br>m with lambdap=8.9 µ<br>m. The FPA fabricated with the 40-well epilayer structure yielded a peak quantum efficiency as high as 12% with a broad spectral response (&<br>#8710<br>lambda/lambdap=17%). The peak responsivity of the FPA pixels is larger than 1.4 A/W with conversion efficiency as high as 20% in the bias region where the detectivity is reasonably high (2.6x1010 cmHz1/2/W, f/1.5, 65 K). The FPA providing a background limited performance temperature higher than 65 K (f/1.5) satisfies the requirements of most low integration time/low background applications where AlGaAs/GaAs QWIPs cannot be utilized due to low conversion efficiency and read-out circuit noise limited sensitivity. Noise equivalent temperature differences (NETD) of the FPA are as low as 19 and 40 mK with integration times as short as 1.8 ms and 430 µ<br>s (f/1.5, 65 K), respectively.
We also experimentally demonstrate that the cut-off wavelength of MWIR AlInAs/InGaAs QWIPs can be tuned in a sufficiently large range in the MWIR atmospheric window by only changing the quantum well (QW) width at the lattice matched composition. The cut-off wavelength can be shifted up to ~5.0 µ<br>m with a QW width of 22 Å<br>in which case very broad spectral response (&<br>#8710<br>lambda/lambdap=~30%) and a reasonably high peak detectivity is achievable leading to a NETD as low as 14 mK (f/2) with 25 µ<br>m pitch in a 640x512 FPA.
The advantages of InP based MWIR and LWIR single band QWIPs were combined by growing and fabricating a mid format (320x256) dual band QWIP FPA. The FPA provided NETD (f/1.5, 65 K, 19 ms) values of 27 mK and 29 mK in the MWIR and LWIR modes with an impressively low DC signal nonuniformity of ~ 4%.
The results clearly demonstrate that InP based material systems display high potential for MWIR and LWIR single band and MWIR/LWIR dual band QWIP FPAs needed by third generation thermal imagers by overcoming the limitations of the standard GaAs based QWIPs under high frame rate (low integration time) and/or low background conditions.
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Ioppolo, James. "Kinematic joint measurements using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and single-plane x-ray video fluoroscopy." University of Western Australia. Orthopaedics Unit, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0090.
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[Truncated abstract] Measuring the kinematics of joints and implants following orthopaedic surgery is important since joint motion directly influences the functional outcome of the patient and the longevity of the implant. Radiostereometric Analysis (RSA) has been used to assess the motion over time of various joints and implant designs following corrective orthopaedic and joint replacement surgery for more than 20 years in more than 10,000 patients around the world. While the use of RSA reduces the risk of implanting potentially inferior prostheses on a large scale, conventional methodological procedures are based on the acquisition of static, stereographic x-ray images that are not suitable for measuring skeletal kinematics in a dynamic manner. The purpose of this thesis was to design, validate and test a novel technique for dynamically assessing the skeletal motion of human subjects using RSA and single-plane digital x-ray video fluoroscopy. The validation procedure utilised two in-vitro phantom models of human joints capable of simulating normal kinematic motion. These phantom models were supplied with realistic spatial displacement protocols derived from cadaveric specimens. The spatial positions of a series of tantalum markers that were implanted in each skeletal segment were measured using RSA. Skeletal motion was determined in x-ray fluoroscopy images by minimising the difference between the markers measured and projected in the single image plane. Accuracy was determined in terms of bias and precision by analysing the deviation between the applied displacement protocol and measured pose estimates. ... The RSA and low dose single-plane fluoroscopy technique developed, validated and tested in this thesis is capable of dynamically measuring the kinematics of any joint in the human body, following the implantation of small metallic markers in the surrounding bone during corrective orthopaedic surgery. The kinematics of joints with replacement prostheses, such as the total knee replacement (TKR), can be analysed in addition to the kinematics of joints without replacement prostheses, such as the sacroiliac joint. The technique may be used in the future on groups of human subjects enrolled in controlled trials that are designed to analyse the kinematics of the shoulder, spine, hip, knee, patella or ankle joints for the purposes of quantitatively comparing the kinematics of different prosthesis designs and various corrective orthopaedic procedures.
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Tseng, Yao-Ting. "Recognition and assessment of seafloor vegetation using a single beam echosounder." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, 2009. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=128517.
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This study focuses on the potential of using a single beam echosounder as a tool for recognition and assessment of seafloor vegetation. Seafloor vegetation is plant benthos and occupies a large portion of the shallow coastal bottoms. It plays a key role in maintaining the ecological balance by influencing the marine and terrestrial worlds through interactions with its surrounding environment. Understanding of its existence on the seafloor is essential for environmental managers.<br>Due to the important role of seafloor vegetation to the environment, a detailed investigation of acoustic methods that can provide effective recognition and assessment of the seafloor vegetation by using available sonar systems is necessary. One of the frequently adopted approaches to the understanding of ocean environment is through the mapping of the seafloor. Available acoustic techniques vary in kinds and are used for different purposes. Because of the wide scope of available techniques and methods which can be employed in the field, this study has limited itself to sonar techniques of normal incidence configuration relative to seafloors in selected regions and for particular marine habitats. For this study, a single beam echosounder operating at two frequencies was employed. Integrated with the echosounder was a synchronized optical system. The synchronization mechanism between the acoustic and optical systems provided capabilities to have very accurate groundtruth recordings for the acoustic data, which were then utilized as a supervised training data set for the recognition of seafloor vegetation.<br>In this study, results acquired and conclusions made were all based on the comparison against the photographic recordings. The conclusion drawn from this investigation is only as accurate as within the selected habitat types and within very shallow water regions.<br>In order to complete this study, detailed studies of literature and deliberately designed field experiments were carried out. Acoustic data classified with the help of the synchronized optical system were investigated by several methods. Conventional methods such as statistics and multivariate analyses were examined. Conventional methods for the recognition of the collected data gave some useful results but were found to have limited capabilities. When seeking for more robust methods, an alternative approach, Genetic Programming (GP), was tested on the same data set for comparison. Ultimately, the investigation aims to understand potential methods which can be effective in differentiating the acoustic backscatter signals of the habitats observed and subsequently distinguishing between the habitats involved in this study.
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Sanaboyina, Ram Mohan. "Test Plan for Real-Time Modeling & Simulation of Single Pole Switching Relays." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2215.
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A real-time simulator (RTS) with digital and analog input/output modules is used to conduct hardware-in-the-loop simulations to evaluate performance of power system equipment such as protective relays by exposing the equipment to the simulated realistic operating conditions. This work investigates the use of RTS to test relays with single-pole-switching (SPS) feature. Single-pole switching can cause misoperations due to fault arc during reclosing of the breakers. Through this investigation, a test procedure appropriate for the testing SPS relays has been developed. The test procedure includes power system modeling for real time simulation, relay test setup, and test plan. HYPERSIM real-time simulator was used to model an actual power system. Transmission lines, three-winding transformers, and induction motor were modeled with actual parameters. Models for fault arc in HYPERSIM real time simulator were developed. Test set-up for evaluating relay performance and wiring drawings for connecting relay in closed-loop to the simulator were developed.
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Kohrn, Brendan F. "An Efficient Pipeline for Assaying Whole-Genome Plastid Variation for Population Genetics and Phylogeography." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4007.
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Tracking seed dispersal using traditional, direct measurement approaches is difficult and generally underestimates dispersal distances. Variation in chloroplast haplotypes (cpDNA) offers a way to trace past seed dispersal and to make inferences about factors contributing to present patterns of dispersal. Although cpDNA generally has low levels of intraspecific variation, this can be overcome by assaying the whole chloroplast genome. Whole-genome sequencing is more expensive, but resources can be conserved by pooling samples. Unfortunately, haplotype associations among SNPs are lost in pooled samples and treating SNP frequencies as independent estimates of variation provides biased estimates of genetic distance. I have developed an application, CallHap, that uses a least-squares algorithm to evaluate the fit between observed and predicted SNP frequencies from pooled samples based on network topology, thus enabling pooling for chloroplast sequencing for large-scale studies of chloroplast genomic variation. This method was tested using artificially-constructed test networks and pools, and pooled samples of Lasthenia californica (California goldfields) from Whetstone Prairie, in Southern Oregon, USA. In test networks, CallHap reliably recovered network topologies and haplotype frequencies. Overall, the CallHap pipeline allows for the efficient use of resources for estimation of genetic distance for studies using non-recombining, whole-genome haplotypes, such as intra-specific variation in chloroplast, mitochondrial, bacterial, or viral DNA.
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Park, Joonho. "Spatial development of the cytoplasmic compartments for single cell C₄ photosynthesis, and mechanisms of tolerance to salinity in Bienertia sinuspersici." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2008/j_park_041608.pdf.
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Debarbouille, Quentin. "Consequences of using Eurocode 5 for design of steel-timber connections." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12499.
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Timber construction has increased in popularity in different countries in Europe thanks to a new material apparition and environmental stakes. In order to construct a timber structure we use different types of connections. The design of connections is complex since it is influenced by many different factors. However, the connection is the weak part of the structure and has high risk of collapse. Therefore the connection often determines the capacity of the structure.In 1975 the commission of the European Community decided to harmonize of technicalities and rules of design in the field of construction. The aim is to increase the competition between companies and simplify the trade of products and services within the European Union. The regulation for timber structures is Eurocode 5 (EC5).This study investigates how the EC5 can influence the design of a connection with a single shear plane for a steel-timber connection with nails or screws. This study is based on the comparison between the connection properties obtained using the EC5 and those recommended in a brochure from one of the large glulam manufacturers in Sweden based on the Swedish regulations.The outcome is that the new regulation has a strong impact on the design of the steel plates. The requirement in minimum spacing imposes a specific dimension and position of the fasteners. Moreover, the capacity of the connection is influenced by the distance between the fasteners parallel to the grain, which determines the effective number of fasteners involved in the connection.
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Pineros, Miguel Alfonso. "Single channel characterisation of a calcium-selective channel from wheat roots /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php651.pdf.
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Scioli, Rose M. "Gender Roles and the Single-Sex Environment: The Effects of Single-Sex Schooling on Gender Role Attitudes and Life Plan." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/345767.
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Educational Leadership<br>Ed.D.<br>The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether or not the single-sex environment has an effect on the gender role perceptions and life paths of young women. Students were selected from two urban high schools, one all-girls and one coeducational. The schools themselves are located a short distance from each other to ensure consistency in regards to socioeconomic status. This study used a mixed methods analysis. Female students in their senior year of high school were surveyed using a gender role perception inventory (Prasad & Baron, 2009). Ten students from the original sample, five from each site, were then selected for in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Results indicate that there is little difference in gender role perception and life path between the two samples. The only exception is in the area of gender role reversal, which favors the single-sex school. As such, students from the single-sex school are more likely to indicate comfort with the inversion of conventional gender roles. In terms of life path, no significant difference between the two groups was found in terms of traditional, non-traditional, and gender-neutral career plans. Interviews with students from both sites reveal two major differences thematically. Students in the single-sex school reported that the decision to attend an all-girls school was mostly made by their parents, while students in the coeducational school reported making the decision themselves. The second difference between the two environments is that students in the single-sex school reported that they and their peers in the school feel quite comfortable acting “themselves” because of the lack of males in the environment. The students in the coeducational school corroborated that sentiment by expressing the tendency of their female peers to act differently in the presence of male peers. The results of this study do not conclusively prove that the single-sex environment is beneficial for the formation of non-traditional gender role perception and life path, with the exception of the reversal finding. The interviews, however, may indicate that the students in the single-sex environment have an advantage in terms of comfort because of the absence of their opposite sex peers. Indisputably, this study confirms that more research is needed in the area of single-sex education for females.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Klevbrant, Lisa, and Felicia Lindström. "Är det här slutet för engångsprodukter i plast?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23435.
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Rapportens syfte är att utveckla en modell bestående av ersättningsalternativ till plast samt verktyg som verksamheter kan tillämpa för att bidra till en global reducering av plast. Således formulerades rapportens tre forskningsfrågor enligt: “Vilket av de utvärderade ersättningsalternativen är enligt modellens ramverk mest lämpad för att konkurrera medtraditionell plasttillverkning?”, “Hur kan modellens utformning hjälpa användaren att ställa om sin verksamhet sett till att ersätta engångsprodukter i plast?” samt “Hur kan ersättandet av engångsprodukter i plast bidra till uppfyllandet av de globala målen?”. För att besvara rapportens forskningsfrågor genomfördes en fallstudie i form av ett samarbete med företaget PulPac AB. Företaget har uppfunnit en tillverkningsteknik vid namn PulPactorrfomning, vilken tillsammans med våtformning och termoformning av bioplaster, utgörrapportens jämförelse över konkurrenskraftiga ersättningsalternativ till den traditionella plasttillverkningen. Litteraturstudien innefattade dels en teoretisk bakgrund om plasten och dess påföljder, en ingående beskrivning av de olika ersättningsalternativen samt definiering avhållbarhetsbegrepp och politiska styrmedel. Dels en bearbetning av data från ett urval avfallstudier med utgångspunkt i att sammanställa faktorer och kriterier till modellens utformning. Resultatet består huvudsakligen av rapportens modell ”Modellen för ersättning av engångsplast”, som innefattar de fyra stegen: jämförelse mellan ersättningsalternativ, värdering& val av alternativ, integrering av kärnfaktorer i verksamheten samt utvärderingsfrågor. Utifrån jämförelsen av modellens formulerade kriterier uppfyllde tekniken PulPac torrformning flest utav faktorerna och anses därmed vara mest lämpad att konkurrera med traditionell plasttillverkning. Vidare presenteras modellens utformning som ett bistående hjälpmedel för att underlätta omställning till ett ersättningsalternativ genom att praktiskt tillämpa tillhandahållna implementeringsverktyg. Ersättandet av engångsprodukter i plast bidrar till uppfyllandet av FN:s globala mål genom att successivt fasa ut plastprodukter och därmed bidra till en global reducering av plast. På så sätt kan konsekvenserna av ett ersättningsalternativ ha en positivpåverkan på samhällsutvecklingen då det resulterar i minskade hälsorisker och nedskräpningav plaster. Sett till vidareutveckling av modellen föreslås främst att införa kriterier för vilka produkttyper som är lämpade att börja ersätta, vilket lyfts fram som rapportens förslag till vidare forskning. Företaget rekommenderas att använda modellen för informationsspridning inom kundnätverk och i egensyfte vid jämförelse mot andra alternativ inom branschen.<br>The purpose of the report is to develop a model based on replacement alternatives to plastics as well as providing tools which can be applied to contribute to a global reduction of plastics. Thus, the three following research questions were formulated: ”Which of the evaluated replacement alternatives are the most suited to compete with traditional plastic manufacturing according to the framework of the model?”, “How can the design of the model assist the user in rearranging their organisation in order to replace single-use plastics?” and “How can the replacement of single-use plastics contribute to fulfilment of the global goals”?. In order to answer the research questions of the report, a case study was conducted, in terms of a collaboration with the company PulPac AB. The company has invented a manufacturing method called the dry moulded fibre process, which together with the traditional paper making process and thermoforming of bioplastics, accounts for the report’s comparison of potential alternatives to replace traditional manufacturing of plastics. On one hand, the literature study of the report consists of a theoretical background of plastics and its effects, an in-depth description of the replacement alternatives as well as definitions of sustainability terminology and tools for policy makers. On the other hand, it includes processing of a range of external case studies, in order to compile parameters to the design of the model. The key parts of the results include “The Model of Replacement of Single-use Plastics”, which consists of the four-steps: comparison of replacement alternatives, evaluation & selection of alternative, integration of core factors in the organizational structure and evaluation questions. Based on the comparison of the defined criteria, the dry moulded fibre process was the replacement alternative fulfilling most factors and thereby also the one most suited to compete with traditional manufacturing of plastics. Moreover, the design of the model can be applied as an assisting tool in order to facilitate implementation of the selected replacement alternative. The replacement of single-use plastics can contribute to fulfilling the global goals by phasing out plastic products and thereby further contribute to a global reduction of plastics. Thus, a replacement alternative can have a positive effect on social development since it results in decreased health risks as well as reduced plastic pollution. The suggestion to further research within the area, involves investigating the possibilities of developing and expanding the model with additional criteria regarding which range of products that are the most suitable to start replacing. Furthermore, the case company is recommended to use the model as a tool to increase the information flow within their network, by benchmarking their method against other techniques within the industry.
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Dong, Yi. "Single site surface reactions : STM Studies." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30204.
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La demande des composants chimiques énantiopurs dans le secteur pharmaceutique est une des forces qui motive la recherche dans la création des catalyseurs homochiraux à la surface. La catalyse hétérogène est une méthode prometteuse pour la fabrication des produits énantiopurs puisqu'elle porte des avantages tels que la facilité de la séparation des produits désirés, la réutilisation du catalyseur et l'adaptabilité dans différentes conditions de la production en continu. La réaction d'Orito est un des exemples de la réaction hétérogène énantiosélective la plus réussie. Elle concerne l'hydrogénation de α-cétoesters sur des particules de platine modifiées par le cinchona. Il est généralement accepté que des modificateurs cinchona tels que la cinchonidine ou la cinchonine transfère la chiralité en formant des complexes bimoléculaires (complexes 1 :1) avec des réactifs prochiraux sur la surface. La compréhension de la catalyse asymétrique hétérogène au niveau fondamental est insu sante. Par contre, c'est aussi une zone fertile pour la découverte. Du progrès dans le domaine peut être réalisé par des travaux complémentaires en catalyse, en sciences des surfaces et en calcul théorique. Cette thèse décrit les études en science des surfaces inspirées par des rapports dans la littérature sur la réaction d'Orito. En plus des alcaloïdes du cinchona, qui sont des produits naturels, certains nombres de molécules synthétiques sont également des modificateurs chiraux pour la réaction d'Orito. En particulier, Baiker et ses collègues ont enquêté sur la performance du 1-(1-naphtyl)éthylamine (NEA) optiquement pur en tant que modificateur chiral pour l'hydrogénation énantiosélective de cétopantolactone (KPL) en pantolactone sur le Pt/Al2O3.1 Une partie du travail décrit dans cette thèse est l'étude des complexes formés par l'interaction de (R)-NEA et KPL sur la surface de monocristal Pt(111). Le microscope à e et tunnel (STM) est utilisé pour acquérir un grand nombre d'images des complexes KPL/(R)-NEA. Les mesures sont effectuées sur un large rapport de couverture de KPL à (R)-NEA sur la surface. Un algorithme est développé pour accélérer le comptage et la catégorisation de la forme du grand ensemble d'images STM des complexes. L'abondance de plusieurs complexes distincts qui impliquent toute une liaison hydrogène NH···O est déterminée. La prochiralité de KPL dans ces complexes sont attribuées en référant des images STM simulées par théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT). Le rapport prochiral global (pr) mesuré dans l'expérience de la surface est comparé au rapport énantiomérique (er) mesuré par Baiker et ses collègues. Un autre algorithme est développé pour l'analyse des événements dynamiques des complexes diastéréomères individuels. Il est appliqué pour tester l'interconversion d'un état à l'autre état pendant la durée de vie de chaque complexe qui est observée par STM. Les résultats sont présentés pour les complexes formés entre 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone (TFAP) et (R)-NEA sur le Pt(111). Les complexes TFAP/(R)-NEA montrent des événements dynamiques qui sont décrits comme décomplexation, inversion prochirale sur site et migration intracomplexe. Les résultats sont discutés en référant les barrières énergétiques prédites par DFT pour l'hydrogénation et pour l'inversion prochirale sur site. Un rapport préliminaire présente les données quantitatives sur les interconversions des états aux états des complexes individuels des trois systèmes : TFAP/(R)-NEA, KPL/(R)-NEA et TFAP/8-Me-(R)-NEA. Le dernier modificateur de la surface concerne la substitution d'un méthyle à l'hydrogène à la position 8 du groupe naphtyle du (R)-NEA. Les observations sur les complexes KPL/(R)-NEA et TFAP/(R)-NEA sont résumés dans le contexte des données de science de surface précédemment publiées de notre groupe. La revue met l'accent sur le rôle des interactions secondaires, CH···O et CF···H, dans le contrôle stéréoscopique des molécules prochirales.<br>The demand for enantiopure compounds in the pharmacological sectorsisastrong driving force for research aimed at creating homochiral catalyst surfaces. Heterogeneous catalysts offer potential advantages over homogeneous catalysts including ease of separation of products from the catalyst and greater suitability for operations under continuous ow conditions. One of the most successful examples of a heterogeneous enantioselective reaction is known as the Orito reaction, the hydrogenation of α-ketoesters on cinchona modi ed platinum particles. It is believed that the cinchona modi ers operate chirality transfer by forming bimolecular surface complexes with prochiral reactants. At a fundamental level, heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis is a poorly understood area of surface chemistry. Hence, it is also a fertile area for discovery. Progress in the area can best be made by complementary work in catalysis, surface science and computation. This thesis describes surface science studies that were inspired by reports in the catalysis literature on the Orito reaction. In addition to cinchona alkaloids, which are natural products, a number of synthetic molecules have been shown to be effective chiral modifiers for the Orito reaction. In particular, Baiker and co-workers explored the performance of optically pure 1-(1-naphtyl)-ethylamine (NEA) as a chiral modifier for the enantioselective hydrogenation of ketopantolactone (KPL) to pantolactone on Pt/Al2O3.1 A major part of the work described in this thesis deals with the investigation of surface complexes formed through the interaction of (R)-NEA and KPL on single crystal Pt(111). Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements were used to acquire a large number of images of KPL/(R)-NEA complexes. The measurements were performed over a wide ratio KPL to (R)-NEA surface coverage ratios. An algorithm was developed to enable accelerated counting and cataloguing of the large set of STM images of complexes. Therelativeabundancesofmultipledistinctcomplexationstates, allinvolvingNH·· ·O hydrogen bonding, were determined. The prochirality of KPL in these states was assigned by reference to density functional theory (DFT) simulated STM images. The overall prochiral ratio (pr) measured in the surface science experiment was compared to the enantiomeric ratio (er) measured by Baiker and co-workers. An algorithm was developed to investigate uxional events in individual diastereomeric complexes. It was applied to examine state-to-state interconversion occurring during the life times of complexes, as observed using time-lapsed STM measurements. Results are presented for complexes formed by 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone (TFAP) interacting with (R)-NEA on Pt(111). The TFAP/(R)-NEA complexes show dynamic events that we describe as decomplexation, on-site prochiral inversion and intracomplex migration. The results are discussed in relation to energy barriers predicted by DFT for hydrogenation and for on-site prochiral inversion. Quantitative data for state-to-state interconversion in single complexes are presented for three systems: TFAP/(R)-NEA, KPL/(R)-NEA and for TFAP interacting with methyl-substituted (R)-NEA. A preliminary analysis of the data is presented. The observations on KPL/(R)-NEA and TFAP/(R)-NEA complexes are reviewed within the context of previously published surface science data from our group. The review emphasizes the role of secondary interactions, CH···O and CF···H bonding, in the stereocontrol of prochiral molecules.
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Machado, Sydney M. "Single-plane radiographic measurement of mobile-bearing knee motion using an unknown distribution of markers." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015920.
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Prabhakar, Yadu. "Detection and counting of Powered Two Wheelers in traffic using a single-plane Laser Scanner." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973472.
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The safety of Powered Two Wheelers (PTWs) is important for public authorities and roadadministrators around the world. Recent official figures show that PTWs are estimated to represent only 2% of the total traffic but represent 30% of total deaths on French roads. However, as these estimated figures are obtained by simply counting the number plates registered, they do not give a true picture of the PTWs on the road at any given moment. This dissertation comes under the project METRAMOTO and is a technical applied research work and deals with two problems: detection of PTWsand the use of a laser scanner to count PTWs in the traffic. Traffic generally contains random vehicles of unknown nature and behaviour such as speed,vehicle interaction with other users on the road etc. Even though there are several technologies that can measure traffic, for example radars, cameras, magnetometers etc, as the PTWs are small-sized vehicles, they often move in between lanes and at quite a high speed compared to the vehicles moving in the adjacent lanes. This makes them difficult to detect. the proposed solution in this research work is composed of the following parts: a configuration to install the laser scanner on the road is chosen and a data coherence method is introduced so that the system is able to detect the road verges and its own height above the road surface. This is validated by simulator. Then the rawd ata obtained is pre-processed and is transform into the spatial temporal domain. Following this, an extraction algorithm called the Last Line Check (LLC) method is proposed. Once extracted, the objectis classified using one of the two classifiers either the Support Vector Machine (SVM) or the k-Nearest Neighbour (KNN). At the end, the results given by each of the two classifiers are compared and presented in this research work. The proposed solution in this research work is a propototype that is intended to be integrated in a real time system that can be installed on a highway to detect, extract, classify and counts PTWs in real time under all traffic conditions (traffic at normal speeds, dense traffic and even traffic jams).
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Avelar, Ana Sofia. "Single and Mixed Infections of Plant RNA and DNA Viruses are Prevalent in Commercial Sweet Potato in Honduras and Guatemala." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578609.
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Sweet potato is one of the 15 most important food crops worldwide. At least 30 different virus species, belonging to different taxonomic groups affect sweet potato. Little is known about the viruses present in sweet potato crops in Central America, which is the primary origin of sweet potato. The objective of this study was to design and implement primers for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to identify and survey the diversity of plant viruses infecting sweet potato in Honduras and Guatemala. Primers were designed and used to amplify, clone, and sequence a taxonomically informative fragment of the coat protein (CP) gene for whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (herein, sweepoviruses) and potyviruses, and of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) for the Crinivirus, Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV). The partial genome sequences were used for identification based on phylogenetic relationships with reference sequences available in the GenBank database. All three of the plant virus groups identified in this study were found to occur either in single or in multiple infections. Results of the sequence analyses indicated that the genomic regions amplified in this study were capable of discriminating among potyvirus species, and strains of SPCSV. With respect to potyvirus, all isolates were identified as Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) species, except for two, which grouped phylogenetically with Sweet potato virus G (SPVG) and Sweet potato virus C (SPVC). All sweepoviruses detected in sweet potato plants belonged to a single phylogenetically, well-supported group that contains all other previously described geminiviruses (sweepoviruses) associated with sweet potato or closely related host species. These results demonstrate that the primers designed for amplification of plant virus species commonly recognized to infect sweet potato, effectively detected the viruses singly and in mixtures from symptomatic plants, and that the resultant fragment, when subjected to cloning and DNA sequenced, was phylogenetically informative at the species and/or strain levels, depending on the virus group.
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Bughazem, Mohamed. "Performance enhancement of the single shaft combined cycle gas turbine power plant by intake air cooling using an absorption chiller." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613447.
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Dickson, Craig M. "Modeling Daily Power Demand in Southern Kentucky: A Single Household Approach." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1203.
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In this study, we use a nonparametric technique, locally weighted robust least squares regression (LOESS), to forecast a 24 hour demand profile at the household level and compare it to existing aggregate demand models discussed in literature. Of these aggregate demand models, a quadratic autoregressive model was selected to be used as a basis for comparison with the LOESS forecasts. It was our goal to automate the forecasting process by using the goodness of fit metric, AICCI, for smoothing parameter selection. The statistical workflow was executed using SAS and data was provided by the Glasgow Electric Plant Board of Barren County, Kentucky. Results show that LOESS outperformed the autoregressive model in roughly 80% of all cases and than using LOESS alone or as part of an ensemble model is a feasible approach to automating future household demand profile for the purpose of generating different levels of power demand profile aggregation as needed by Glasgow Electronic Plant Board.
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Ghorpade, Vijaya Kumar. "3D Semantic SLAM of Indoor Environment with Single Depth Sensor." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC085/document.
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Pour agir de manière autonome et intelligente dans un environnement, un robot mobile doit disposer de cartes. Une carte contient les informations spatiales sur l’environnement. La géométrie 3D ainsi connue par le robot est utilisée non seulement pour éviter la collision avec des obstacles, mais aussi pour se localiser et pour planifier des déplacements. Les robots de prochaine génération ont besoin de davantage de capacités que de simples cartographies et d’une localisation pour coexister avec nous. La quintessence du robot humanoïde de service devra disposer de la capacité de voir comme les humains, de reconnaître, classer, interpréter la scène et exécuter les tâches de manière quasi-anthropomorphique. Par conséquent, augmenter les caractéristiques des cartes du robot à l’aide d’attributs sémiologiques à la façon des humains, afin de préciser les types de pièces, d’objets et leur aménagement spatial, est considéré comme un plus pour la robotique d’industrie et de services à venir. Une carte sémantique enrichit une carte générale avec les informations sur les entités, les fonctionnalités ou les événements qui sont situés dans l’espace. Quelques approches ont été proposées pour résoudre le problème de la cartographie sémantique en exploitant des scanners lasers ou des capteurs de temps de vol RGB-D, mais ce sujet est encore dans sa phase naissante. Dans cette thèse, une tentative de reconstruction sémantisée d’environnement d’intérieur en utilisant une caméra temps de vol qui ne délivre que des informations de profondeur est proposée. Les caméras temps de vol ont modifié le domaine de l’imagerie tridimensionnelle discrète. Elles ont dépassé les scanners traditionnels en termes de rapidité d’acquisition des données, de simplicité fonctionnement et de prix. Ces capteurs de profondeur sont destinés à occuper plus d’importance dans les futures applications robotiques. Après un bref aperçu des approches les plus récentes pour résoudre le sujet de la cartographie sémantique, en particulier en environnement intérieur. Ensuite, la calibration de la caméra a été étudiée ainsi que la nature de ses bruits. La suppression du bruit dans les données issues du capteur est menée. L’acquisition d’une collection d’images de points 3D en environnement intérieur a été réalisée. La séquence d’images ainsi acquise a alimenté un algorithme de SLAM pour reconstruire l’environnement visité. La performance du système SLAM est évaluée à partir des poses estimées en utilisant une nouvelle métrique qui est basée sur la prise en compte du contexte. L’extraction des surfaces planes est réalisée sur la carte reconstruite à partir des nuages de points en utilisant la transformation de Hough. Une interprétation sémantique de l’environnement reconstruit est réalisée. L’annotation de la scène avec informations sémantiques se déroule sur deux niveaux : l’un effectue la détection de grandes surfaces planes et procède ensuite en les classant en tant que porte, mur ou plafond; l’autre niveau de sémantisation opère au niveau des objets et traite de la reconnaissance des objets dans une scène donnée. A partir de l’élaboration d’une signature de forme invariante à la pose et en passant par une phase d’apprentissage exploitant cette signature, une interprétation de la scène contenant des objets connus et inconnus, en présence ou non d’occultations, est obtenue. Les jeux de données ont été mis à la disposition du public de la recherche universitaire<br>Intelligent autonomous actions in an ordinary environment by a mobile robot require maps. A map holds the spatial information about the environment and gives the 3D geometry of the surrounding of the robot to not only avoid collision with complex obstacles, but also selflocalization and for task planning. However, in the future, service and personal robots will prevail and need arises for the robot to interact with the environment in addition to localize and navigate. This interaction demands the next generation robots to understand, interpret its environment and perform tasks in human-centric form. A simple map of the environment is far from being sufficient for the robots to co-exist and assist humans in the future. Human beings effortlessly make map and interact with environment, and it is trivial task for them. However, for robots these frivolous tasks are complex conundrums. Layering the semantic information on regular geometric maps is the leap that helps an ordinary mobile robot to be a more intelligent autonomous system. A semantic map augments a general map with the information about entities, i.e., objects, functionalities, or events, that are located in the space. The inclusion of semantics in the map enhances the robot’s spatial knowledge representation and improves its performance in managing complex tasks and human interaction. Many approaches have been proposed to address the semantic SLAM problem with laser scanners and RGB-D time-of-flight sensors, but it is still in its nascent phase. In this thesis, an endeavour to solve semantic SLAM using one of the time-of-flight sensors which gives only depth information is proposed. Time-of-flight cameras have dramatically changed the field of range imaging, and surpassed the traditional scanners in terms of rapid acquisition of data, simplicity and price. And it is believed that these depth sensors will be ubiquitous in future robotic applications. In this thesis, an endeavour to solve semantic SLAM using one of the time-of-flight sensors which gives only depth information is proposed. Starting with a brief motivation in the first chapter for semantic stance in normal maps, the state-of-the-art methods are discussed in the second chapter. Before using the camera for data acquisition, the noise characteristics of it has been studied meticulously, and properly calibrated. The novel noise filtering algorithm developed in the process, helps to get clean data for better scan matching and SLAM. The quality of the SLAM process is evaluated using a context-based similarity score metric, which has been specifically designed for the type of acquisition parameters and the data which have been used. Abstracting semantic layer on the reconstructed point cloud from SLAM has been done in two stages. In large-scale higher-level semantic interpretation, the prominent surfaces in the indoor environment are extracted and recognized, they include surfaces like walls, door, ceiling, clutter. However, in indoor single scene object-level semantic interpretation, a single 2.5D scene from the camera is parsed and the objects, surfaces are recognized. The object recognition is achieved using a novel shape signature based on probability distribution of 3D keypoints that are most stable and repeatable. The classification of prominent surfaces and single scene semantic interpretation is done using supervised machine learning and deep learning systems. To this end, the object dataset and SLAM data are also made publicly available for academic research
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Hu, Weisheng. "Development of Single-Chip Silicon Photonic Microcantilever Arrays for Sensing Applications." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2610.
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Microcantilever arrays have been shown to be promising label-free nanomechanical sensing devices with high sensitivity. Two factors that affect the usefulness of microcantilevers in sensing scenarios are the sensitivity of the transduction method for measuring changes in microcantilever properties and the ability to create large compact arrays of microcantilevers. In this dissertation, we demonstrate that microcantilevers with an in-plane photonic transduction method are attractive because they maintain the sensitivity of the traditional laser beam reflection method while being scalable to simultaneous readout of large microcantilever arrays. First I demonstrate the integration of a compact waveguide splitter network with in-plane photonic microcantilevers which have amorphous silicon strip loading differential splitter and simultaneous microcantilever readout with an InGaAs line scan camera. A 16-microcantilever array is fabricated and measured. Use of a scaled differential signal yields reasonable correspondence of the signals from 7 surviving released microcantilevers in the array. The average sensitivity is 0.23 µm-1. To improve the sensitivity and consistency, and reduce fabrication difficulties, a new differential splitter design with 4 µm long double-step multimode rib waveguide is introduced. Furthermore, a modified fabrication process is employed to enhance the performance of the device. A new 16-microcanitiler array is designed and fabricated. The sensitivity of a measured 16-microcantilever array is improved to approximately 1 µm-1, which is comparable to the best reported for the laser reflection read out method. Moreover, most of the microcantilevers show excellent uniformity. To demonstrate large scale microcantilever arrays with simultaneous readout using the in-plane photonic transduction method, a 64-microcantilver array is designed, fabricated and measured. Measurement results show that excellent signal uniformiy is obtained for the scaled differential signal of 56 measured microcantilevers in a 64-array. The average sensitivity of the microcantilevers is 0.7 µm-1, and matches simulation results very well.
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Lee, Chung-yee Christina, and 李頌儀. "A single parent support centre (SPSC)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982931.
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Anis, Sadia Shahnoor. "A Design Choice Guideline for Software-Defined Network Control Plane Architecture using Analytical Hierarchical Process." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1608144391722863.
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Maxwell, Carl Boyd. "The phenomenon of a single line: an architect's approach to the dissolution of form and meaning." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53266.
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