Academic literature on the topic 'Plant soil relations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Plant soil relations"
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Augé, Robert M. "Arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil/plant water relations." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-002.
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The water relations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants have been compared often. However, virtually nothing is known about the comparative water relations of AM and nonAM soils or about the relative influence of AM colonization of soil vs. AM colonization of plants on host water balance. In this review, I summarize findings that support the assertion that colonization of soil may play as important a role as colonization of roots regarding how AM symbiosis affects the water relations of host plants. We observed a slight but significant AM effect on the soil moisture characteristic curve of a Sequatchie fine sandy loam following 7 mo of mycorrhization by Glomus intraradices/Vigna unguiculata. In a separate study, few AM effects on either the wet or dry hysteretic curves were discernible after 12 mo of mycorrhization by G. intraradices or Gigaspora margarita on roots of Phaseolus vulgaris. Using myc- bean mutants, we determined that about half of the considerable promotion of stomatal conductance by G. intraradices and Gi. margarita was attributable to soil colonization and about half to plant colonization. A path analysis modeling approach revealed that soil hyphal colonization had larger direct and total effects on dehydration tolerance of bean than did root hyphal colonization or several other soil or plant variables. Key words: Mycorrhizal symbiosis, soil moisture characteristic, stomatal conductance, water relations
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Read, John. "Know Your Community: Soil-Plant-Water Relations." CSA News 60, no. 5 (May 2015): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/csa2015-60-5-11.
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Hopmans, Jan W. "Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations." Vadose Zone Journal 5, no. 1 (January 2006): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0100br.
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Yanosky, T. M. "Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations." Journal of Environmental Quality 34, no. 4 (July 2005): 1452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0006br.
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Roberts, John. "Principles of soil and plant water relations." Weather 61, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/wea.267.04.
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Rubio, Agustín, Agustín Merino, and Alfredo Blanco. "Soil–plant relations in Mediterranean forest environments." European Journal of Forest Research 129, no. 1 (December 9, 2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-009-0329-8.
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Prorok, V. V., A. P. Ganushevich, T. I. Makarenko, V. V. Ostashko, L. V. Poperenko, and L. Yu Melnichenko. "Strontium and Calcium Relations in Plant and Soil Solution on Chornobyl-Affected Areas." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 59, no. 3 (March 2014): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe59.03.0233.
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Ola-Adams, B. A., and John B. Hall. "Soil–plant relations in a natural forest inviolate plot at Akure, Nigeria." Journal of Tropical Ecology 3, no. 1 (February 1987): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001115.
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ABSTRACTTo up-date and extend knowledge of the Akure Strict Natural Reserve an assessment, block by block, of forest in the core of the Inviolate Plot was undertaken in 1974 and complemented with soil sampling. Principal components analysis indicated a gradient of soil reaction and available phosphorus through the core of the plot. Ordination (DECORANA) of floristic data revealed that a floristic trend paralleled the soil trend. In the vicinity of a drainage line, at the western end of the core, soils were lower in available phosphorus, more acid, sandier and texturally more uniform with depth. Typical trees of ferralsols were prominent on these soils but were replaced by species of ferric luvisols, especially members of the Sterculiaceae, on soils of superior nutrient status towards the eastern end. It is suggested that the soil gradients were not effects produced by the trees.Comparison of a 1946 data set with the 1974 data supported the view that the forest had been structurally and floristically stable over the interval between assessments. This is considered justification of the original choice of the area as a Strict Natural Reserve representative of high forest in this part of Nigeria.
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Blecker, S. W., L. L. Stillings, N. M. DeCrappeo, and J. A. Ippolito. "Soil-Plant-Microbial Relations in Hydrothermally Altered Soils of Northern California." Soil Science Society of America Journal 78, no. 2 (February 21, 2014): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0298.
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Shevchenko, A. V., I. G. Budzanivska, T. P. Shevchenko, and V. P. Polischuk. "Stress caused by plant virus infection in presence of heavy metals." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10522-pps.
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Due to increased heavy metal content in Ukrainian soils, purpose of the work was to study relations between presence of heavy metals in soil and their effect on development of phytoviral infection. Experiments were conducted in Nicotiana tabacum – Potato virus X model system. Soluble salts of Cu, Zn and Pb were deposited in soil separately at the limiting concentrations simultaneously with virus infection of plants. Infected plants grown on usual soil showed symptoms of disease on 16 dpi as well as plants grown on soil with metals deposited. Contrary, combined effect of heavy metals and virus infection caused an increase of chlorophyll content comparing with control plants, therefore effect of heavy metals partially compensated the effect of virus infection on experimental plants.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plant soil relations"
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Viketoft, Maria. "Soil nematode communities in grasslands : effects of plant species identity and diversity /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200748.pdf.
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Arif, Hamayun. "Water relations of salt stressed wheat." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/water-relations-of-salt-stressed-wheat(b523794e-42f4-4165-bb35-11f07b7bbf28).html.
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The present study was conducted to investigate the water relations of individual plant cells and the biophysical parameters controlling plant growth in the context of salt stress. Growth and water relations were studied in growing as well as in mature zones of the first emerged leaf of wheat seedlings (cv. Flanders, a British variety) in the context of NaCl stress. Various levels of NaCl (0,25,50,75,100,125 and 150 mol m) -3 were used to salinize the media. I In the case of leaf elongation rate a two phase response was found i. e. an immediate decrease and then, a recovery in the elongation rate. Leaf elongation rate decreased within 1-2 minutes of the onset of stress and, later, a recovery started 1-2 h after the salt addition. The time taken for the recovery was proportional to the levels of external salinity. After 24 h the elongation rate was almost fully recovered for all the NaCl concentrations. A similar response was observed when equi-osmolar concentrations (with NaCl) of mannitol were added to the media. In control plants turgor pressure of the expanding cells was about 0.45 MPa while tissue osmotic pressure was equal to 1.1 MPa showing that the cell had a low water potential (-0.6 MPa). The transpiration tension was equivalent to 0.1 MPa. Turgor pressure in th e growing cells did not change after the salt addition (0- 150 mol m-3 NaCl), however, the tissue osmotic pressure continuously increased with time. Turgor pressure dropped when more -3 than 150 mol m NaCl were applied to the media i. e. 200 and 250 mol m. -3 This is presented as evidence that growing leaf cells - maintained their turgor pressure In response. to . the salt stress by taking up osmotically -active solutes present in the cell wall. The salt stress had not any effect on Instron tensiometric measurements of elastic and plastic extension of the cell wall. A different turgor pressure response was found in the mature cells. Turgor pressure was about 1.0 MPa, almost twice that in the growing cells, while tissue osmotic pressure was similar to that found in the growing cells i. e. 1.1 MPa. After the application of the stress the turgor pressure dropped within 15- 20 min of the application of all the concentrations of NaCl. The osmotic pressure of osmotically active solutes present in the cell wall, nwr was almost negligible i. e. 4 0.1 MPa, in mature cells and so could not contribute to turgor maiýtenance. The extent of decrease was proportional to the external stress of 25, 50 and 75 mol m-3 NaCl only. Turgor pressure recovery, due to osmotic adjustment, started after about 10-12 h of the stress initiation. Complete turgor recovery was achieved after 24-48 h of the onset of stress depending on the applied NaCl concentration. Tissue osmotic pressure increased continuously with time. An increase in the nw was inferred during the whole experimental period and after 6d of the stress application that appeared to correspond to the magnitude of external stress. The concentrations of major ions and sugars were determined to measure their contribution towards the osmotic adjustment. Under control conditions Na +, ci-, PO 4 3- ' so 4 2- , glucose, fructose and sucrose were present in small amounts, while, K+ and No 3- were the-major osmotica. Their concentrations were about 200. mol _m-3. After the stress a large increase in the concentrations of Na + and Cl was observed, the sucrose concentration increased to a small extent. However, other osmotica remained Uniform for whole of the experimental time. A small decrease was observed in k+ concentration in response to higher salt levels. volumetric elastic modulus, -c, of mature cells was remained unchanged by the salt stress. However, the apparent resistance of the root cortex to osmotically driven water flow increased with the increase in stress level. No conclusion could be drawn about the contribution of these parameters to the control of growth and to leaf water relations in the context of salt stress. The possible use of turgor pressure recovery in the mature cells was investigated for assessing the extent of salt tolerance of various Pakistani wheat varieties. These varieties were previously rated according to their performance in absolute grain yield in response to NaCl stress. No simple correlation was found.
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Hayat, Faisal [Verfasser], and Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Carminati. "Impact of heterogeneous soil water distribution on soil and plant water relations / Faisal Hayat ; Betreuer: Andrea Carminati." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227444591/34.
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Mwalukomo, A. C. W. "Plant-soil relations in forest, scrub and grassland on chalk in Southern England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234020.
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The chief objective of the research was to establish the relative fertility of forest, scrub and grassland soils on chalk in SE England and to test hypotheses on the origin of fertility differences between the soils. A subsidiary objective was to relate the beech forests of the chalk in England to continental beech forests on calcareous parent materials and thus to utilize the results of continental studies on discussion of the nutrient status of the different forest types of Europe. Previous research by B.A. Key had concentrated on scrub and grassland, and my research concerned chiefly scrub and forest. The fertility of soils was assessed by bioassays with commonly occuring test species, i.e. Galium aparine, Deschampsia caespitosa and Arctium minus, by foliar analysis of component woody species and by soil incubation tests. The results of bioassays show that the scrub soils of the chalk in SE England are more fertile than either grassland or forest soils. Bioassay plants grown on forest soils showed considerable variation in yield and nutrient content indicating that there is much variation in the fertility of forest soils. Mercury beech forest soils as a class were more consistent and produced better growth of test species than grassland soils while beech forests without mercury, traditionally classed as sanicle beechwoods, were found to have soils of very wide ranging fertility. Beech foliar analysis did not distinguish between mercury and sanicle beech forests, although the trend was for higher N status in the beech leaves of mercury sites. No trend was observed in the P status of beech leaves. The potential for nitrogen mineralization was favourable in both scrub and forest soils but much lower in grassland soils. Soils underneath mercury beech forests were consistent in nitrification and yielded similar concentrations of nitrate during one-month incubation to soils beneath relict ash-hazel forests. No such consistency was found for the soils of beech forests without mercury, and contrary to expectation, their potential to supply nitrogen appeared to be higher than that of mercury beech forest soils. The fertility differences shown by bioassays were most probably due to phosphorus supply. Experiments with several species have shown that the primary limiting nutrient in chalk soils is phosphorus; especially when plants are grown in pots at low rooting density. Nitrogen limitation has been found but only after adding a phosphorus fertilizer solution or when plants are grown at high rooting density. In these experiments, except where the objective was to separate the effects of nitrogen from phosphorus, test plants were grown one per pot for a relatively short time. It was hypothesized that the differences in fertility level of soils supporting forest, scrub and grassland on chalk in SE England were chiefly the result of differences in the amounts of nutrients added each year in litter. Freshly fallen litter of several woody species of chalk beech forests was collected from nylon nets set out on the forest floor in autumn 1984 and 1985. In order to investigate the role of nutrient withdrawal, in autumn 1985 mesh bags were used to collect freshly fallen litter within the canopy of scrub and forest. In both types of experiments N and P content was analysed on a species-specific basis. In addition, fine litterfall in a typical mercury beech forest was estimated in 1984 and rates of litter decomposition of five key species were measured over a period of 1 1/2 yr. Beech litter has relatively low phosphorus concentrations and is slow to decompose. Phosphorus is retranslocated from falling leaves in greater amounts in beech than in Crataegus, and Cornus, the main constituents of scrub which would seem to explain the lower phosphorus status of beech forest soils than scrub soils.
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Vermeulen, Tarina. "Plant water relations of Elytropappus Rhinocerotis with specific reference to soil restrictions on growth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5416.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Soil Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Renosterveld of the Western Cape region is often seen as a natural occurring veld type that will very easily re-establish itself wherever land is left unattended. In this study it was firstly noted that where wheatlands of the Berg River catchment (BRC) is left bare for a number of years, the renosterbos as a pioneer is slow in its re-growth response and when it does, certain patches in the landscape are preferred. This study therefore firstly focussed on the soil restrictions that widely determined the positions in the Berg River landscape where the renosterbos will re-establish itself. Secondly we needed to know whether some of the soil restrictions encountered could be alleviated and was possibly due to cultivation of this land. Through aerial observation it was found that a general patchiness does exist in the naturally occurring Renosterveld of the Voëlvlei area and hill tops of the region and was described by others as the true nature of this veld type. Closer investigation of the soils in the Voëlvlei reserve however showed that soil type played a major role in the patchiness found here. When re-growth of the renosterbos in previously cultivated areas was investigated, it was found that the soil type played the major role in the patchiness that occurred. The most commonly found soil restriction was soil density of the lower horizons. Any soil form that prevented the renosterbos to access the perched water table, to about 15m depth could not support the renosterbos. It is however our belief that soil could be prepared for the re-growth of renosterbos and through this action; renosterbos could also be used to alleviate the salinity problems found in this region. Additionally we investigated the impact of land-use change on the soil water balance and soil salinity by comparing a mature re-established stand of Renosterveld with an adjacent wheatfield. From the results, large differences in salinity and soil water behaviour were detected between the Renosterveld and wheatfield. Modelling of soil and plant water relations was done and the results were correlated well with field observations. This research also confirmed that the renosterbos through its deep rootedness is crucial in the conservation of other species found in the Renosterveld resulting from its ability to keep the water table down and with that the salts that is so often a problem in this area.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die Wes-Kaap word Renosterveld gesien as 'n veld tipe wat natuurlik voorkom en maklik sal hervestig in areas waar land sonder toesig gelaat word. In hierdie studie is dit eerstens opgemerk dat waar koringlande in die Berg Rivier opvanggebied kaal gelaat word vir 'n aantal jare, is die renosterbos as pionier stadig in sy hervestiging en wanneer terug groei wel plaasvind is dit selektief. Die studie fokus dus eerstens op grondbeperkinge wat die areas bepaal waar Renosterveld sal hervestig. Tweedens wou ons vasstel of die grondbeperkings wat voorkom in die grond en wat heel moontlik die oorsaak is van landbewerking opgehef kan word. Deur lugfoto-waarneming is dit gevind dat algemene leë kolle wel opgemerk is in die natuurlik plantegroei van die Renosterveld, in die Voëlvlei area, asook teen die berg hange. Dit word beskryf as 'n algemene kenmerk van die Renosterveld. Nadere ondersoek in die verskillende grondtipes van die area het egter gewys dat die grond tipe 'n belangrike rol speel in die voorkoms en groei van die renosterbos en uiteindelik die (her-)vestiging van Renosterveld. Die terug groei van die renosterbos is ondersoek in voorheen bewerkte lande. Dit is gevind dat die grond tipe 'n belangrike rol speel in die voorkoms van die leë kolle in die Renosterveld. Die mees algemene grond beperking wat opgemerk is, was die verdigte sub-horisonte. Enige grondvorm wat toegang van die renosterboswortels tot by die grondwatertafel (tot by 'n diepte van 15m) beperk, is nie voldoende om die groei van 'n volwasse renosterbos te onderhou nie. Dit is egter ons oortuiging dat die grond voorberei kan word vir die hervestinging van die renosterbos en deur dit te bewerkstellig sal grondversouting beheer kan word. Die impak van landgebruikverandering op die grondwaterbalans en grondversouting is ook ondersoek, deur 'n volwasse stand van Renosterveld te vergelyk met 'n nabygeleë koringveld. Die resultate het getoon dat daar groot verskille in die grondwatervlakke, asook die soutinhoud tussen die Renosterveld en die koringland voorkom. Modellering van die grond-en plantwaterverhouding is uitgevoer en data het goed gekorreleer met veld waarnemings. Die studie het bevestig dat die natuurlike bewaring van die diep gewortelde renosterbos noodsaaklik is vir die voortbestaan van blom- en skilpadspesies wat slegs in die Renosterveld voorkom asook die vermoë van die renosterbos om stygende watertafels en versouting te beheer waar dit dikwels 'n probleem in hierdie area is.
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Knecht, Billberger Magnus F. "Plant growth - stoichiometry and competition : theory development in ecosystem ecology /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200624.pdf.
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Cruz, David Ricardo Jimenez. "Influence of soils, nutrition, and water relations upon charcoal rot disease processes in Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10747.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Plant Pathology
Christopher R. Little
Christopher R. Little
Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is the most important soybean disease in Kansas. Several strategies have been recommended to control this disease including crop rotation, lower plant densities, biological control, plant resistance and tolerance, and fungicide application. However, those techniques have not been completely effective and the information concerning soil texture, irrigation and micronutrient fertility (particularly manganese) upon charcoal rot disease severity and the pathogen population is limited. The objective of this study was to determine key factors that affect the biology of M. phaseolina and charcoal rot processes under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. M. phaseolina microsclerotia were produced from PDA pure isolate and infested Japanese millet in the laboratory and characterized by different techniques such as serial dilutions in semi selective media with the aim to produce quality inoculum to reliably infect soybean seedling roots under greenhouse conditions; production of inoculum by infesting Japanese millet was the most efficient method. Root colonization and root infection of soybean seedlings was assessed through the use of M. phaseolina inoculum under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Root infection by M. phaseolina and microsclerotia longevity in soil is determined by environmental factors such as soil moisture content, soil texture and source of inoculum. The objective of the greenhouse study was to determine the impact of these variables on seedling root infection at the V1 and V2 development stages. Artificial soils with different textures were infested; M. phaseolina microsclerotia and soybean seedlings were exposed to different soil moisture contents including pot saturation, pot (field) capacity, and permanent wilting point. Soil populations and levels of root colonization for the stages were assessed by estimating CFUs and root length. Results indicate that soil texture has a significant impact upon root morphology and root length. Root populations of M. phaseolina were significantly higher in sandy soil textures and lower in the fine-textured soils, suggesting an impact of soil water holding capacity in the root infection process. The effect of water stress on seedling root colonization by M. phaseolina indicates that early infection may be more important than previously thought. A field study was also conducted to determine the effect of the aforementioned variables in a 2-year field experiment conducted at two Kansas locations. Pathogen colonization was iii assessed by measuring colony-forming units (CFUs) from ground root tissue at R2-R4 (post-flowering/early pod development) and R8 (maturity) stages. Soil populations (pre-planting and post-harvest) of M. phaseolina, yield parameters, and plant characteristics were obtained. Results indicated that there are complex relationships between soil physiochemical properties (pH, NPK content, exchangeable cations, and organic matter) and soil texture (sand, soil, and clay composition), which may mitigate disease severity and pathogen levels in host tissue. Results also indicated that in natural M. phaseolina-infested soils, cropping history and soil texture play an important role in charcoal rot processes and influence the levels of pathogen soil populations, root colonization at maturity and, more importantly, soybean yield.
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Forsberg, Sverker. "Behaviour of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr in agricultural soils : influence of ageing and soil type on availability, migration and plant uptake /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5735-1.pdf.
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Dehlin, Helena. "Ecosystem functioning and plant-soil interactions in forests : influences of quality and diversity of resources /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200679.pdf.
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Barataud, Fabienne. "Analyse physique des transferts hydriques dans un sol forestier à plusieurs échelles spatiales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL026N.
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Le document présente les résultats d'une analyse physique des transferts hydriques dans le système sol-arbre à différentes échelles spatiales. Un modèle original, en régime transitoire, de l'interface sol-racine est inséré dans un modèle global à l'échelle de la parcelle forestière ; cette approche permet de répondre à deux problématiques précises : on montre d'une part que l'interface sol-racine peut être une zone résistive prédominante en cas de situation hydrique limitante ; d'autre part, on explique le fonctionnement hydrique du sol forestier considéré (sol à deux horizons pédologiques limono-argileux séparés par un horizon d'accumulation d'argile imperméable aux remontées capillaires mais cependant traversé par les racines) : l'horizon profond, malgré la faible densité racinaire, constitue une réserve hydrique fondamentale lors d'épisodes de stress hydrique. Enfin, ce modèle global permet d'identifier par méthode inversé certains paramètres hydrauliques du sol inconnus. Ces résultats sont complétés par deux études à des échelles inferieures (carottes de taille centimétrique et cuve lysimétrique à l'échelle métrique). Au laboratoire, l'utilisation d'une technique gammamétrique double-source permet d'identifier les mêmes paramètres hydrauliques sur carottes ; lorsque celles-ci sont non remaniées et donc hétérogènes, la technique doit être adaptée de manière à moyenner les observations sur un volume représentatif du phénomène que l'on souhaite observer. Ces expériences montrent de plus l'influence du remaniement ainsi que des zones fissurées et une étude numérique confirme ces constatations. Le lysmètre vient finalement compléter les études aux deux échelles précédentes : l'expérimentation allie alors des dimensions représentatives de l'échelle du terrain avec des conditions expérimentales contrôlées et précises. Une synthèse confronte les différentes approches.
Books on the topic "Plant soil relations"
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Kirkham, M. B. Elevated Carbon Dioxide: Impacts on Soil and Plant Water Relations. Hoboken: CRC Press, 2011.
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1956-, Pinton Roberto, Varanini Zeno 1955-, and Nannipieri Paolo, eds. The rhizosphere: Biochemistry and organic substances at the soil-plant interface. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC, 2007.
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Bassman, John Harold. Plant and soil water relations in high density lodgepole pine stands. Pullman: College of Agriculture and Home Economics Research Center, Washington State University, 1988.
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R, Gobran George, Wenzel Walter W, Lombi Enzo 1968-, and International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements (5th : 1999 : Vienna, Austria), eds. Trace elements in the rhizosphere. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2001.
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Henryk, Pendias, ed. Trace elements in soils and plants. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.
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Henryk, Pendias, ed. Trace elements in soils and plants. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2001.
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1937-, Boyer John S., ed. Water relations of plants and soils. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995.
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Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute) Summer School (1998 Division of. Soil-plant-microbe interaction in relation to integrated nutrient management. New Delhi: Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 1998.
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Wershaw, R. L. Membrane-micelle model for humus in soils and sediments and its relation to humification. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Plant soil relations"
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Blume, Hans-Peter, Gerhard W. Brümmer, Heiner Fleige, Rainer Horn, Ellen Kandeler, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner, Ruben Kretzschmar, Karl Stahr, and Berndt-Michael Wilke. "Soil-Plant Relations." In Scheffer/SchachtschabelSoil Science, 409–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30942-7_9.
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Hanks, R. J. "Soil Plant Atmospheric Relations." In Applied Soil Physics, 103–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2938-4_4.
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Keller, Jack, and Ron D. Bliesner. "Soil-Water-Plant Relations." In Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation, 28–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1425-8_3.
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Cook, R. James, and J. M. Duniway. "Water Relations in the Life-cycles of Soilborne Plant Pathogens." In Water Potential Relations in Soil Microbiology, 119–39. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub9.c4.
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Huntley, Brian John. "Soil, Water and Nutrients." In Ecology of Angola, 127–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18923-4_6.
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AbstractThis Chapter provides an introduction to basic elements of soil science, from an understanding of the soil profile, its develop and its importance to plant growth. The processes of weathering and the development of laterites, calcretes, salinised and other major soil types and their distribution in Angola are described. Soil water relations and soil chemistry and thus the availability of water and nutrients are fundamental determinants of plant growth, species composition and productivity. The differences between dystrophic (low base status) and eutrophic (high base status) soils and the distribution of the mesic/dystrophic savanna biome and the arid/eutrophic savanna biome, which dominate Angolan landscapes (totaling over 90% of the vegetation mantle of the country) are emphasised. The Key Soil Groups of Angola are mapped and their characteristics summarised. Sandy arenosols cover 53% of Angola, mainly comprising the Kalahari sands of the eastern half of Angola. Ferralsols cover 23% of Angola, occupying the spine of crystalline rocks along the western highlands. Both are of low nutrient status but carry dense miombo woodlands where they have not been transformed by human activities. Richer soils occur along the escarpment and hot coastal lowlands. The processes of land degradation, due to inappropriate soil management threaten the livelihoods of communities living on these fragile soils, are described.
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Monson, Russell K., and Renée Mullen. "Plant Nutrient Relations." In Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117288.003.0017.
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Alpine soils do not generally exhibit high levels of inorganic fertility, which is the result of inadequate mineralization of organic litter, a consequence of the cool, short alpine growing season (Rehder and Schäfer 1978; Gokceoglu and Rehder 1977; Rehder 1976a, 1976b; Fisk and Schmidt 1995; chapters 11, 12). Slow mineralization rates, in turn, result in a soil that is high in organic humus, and more likely than the soil of other ecosystems, to sequester and bind inorganic nutrients, especially N and P. Accordingly, alpine plants are exposed to a difficult situation in their efforts to obtain the inorganic ions required to support growth and reproduction. In accommodating the relative infertility of alpine soils, plants rely on a number of different traits, some of which are ubiquitous and some of which are more restricted in their distribution. Biomass allocation patterns favor high root:shoot ratios, increasing the potential for nutrient absorption by the roots relative to nutrient utilization by the shoot. Nutrient-use efficiencies (biomass produced per mass of senescent nutrient) tend to be high in alpine plants due to efficient resorption prior to leaf senescence. In several alpine growth forms, strict internal controls over seasonal phenology and growth (e.g., preformed buds and strongly enforced dormancy patterns) bring growth demands for nutrients more into balance with the limited supply provided by the soil. Luxury uptake and long-term storage during pulses of high nutrient availability provide plants with a means of bridging the gap between incongruent periods of high nutrient supply and high nutrient demand. Association of fungi with the roots of some alpine plants has the potential to enhance N and P acquisition. Finally, some alpine species can overcome the limitations imposed by scarce inorganic nutrient supplies through high rates of organic nutrient assimilation. It is the aim of this chapter to further consider each of these traits, with particular emphasis on their relationship to N and P acquisition. Topics concerning soil processes and their role in controlling nutrient availability have been covered elsewhere (chapter 8) and will not be repeated. Rather, this review focuses on nutrient relations from the plant’s perspective.
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Feddes, R. A., and J. C. van Dam. "PLANT–SOIL–WATER RELATIONS." In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 222–30. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-348530-4/00520-8.
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Vanderborght, Jan, Quirijn de Jong van Lier, Andrea Schnepf, and Mathieu Javaux. "Plant-soil-water relations." In Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00254-8.
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Bittelli, Marco, Gaylon S. Campbell, and Fausto Tomei. "Transpiration and Plant–Water Relations." In Soil Physics with Python, 345–66. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683093.003.0014.
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"Chapter 11 Transpiration and Plant-Water Relations." In Soil Physics With Basic - Transport Models for Soil-Plant Systems, 122–33. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2481(08)70141-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Plant soil relations"
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Rotaru, Vladimir. "Efecutul rhizobacteriilor benefice asupra formării sistemului simbiotic Glycine Max-Bradyrhizobium Japonicum în funcţie de fertilizare şi nivelul de umiditate a solului." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.74.
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A pot experiment under controlled soil moisture conditions was accomplished with the aim to assess the effect of rhizobacteria application Bradyrhizobium japonicum alone or in conjuction with Pseudomonas putida strain on symbiotic system development of soybean in relation to phosphorus and manure fertilization under temporary drought conditions. Mineral and organic fertilizers were applied during filling pots with soil. A half of plants were subjected to moderate drought for 12 days at flowering stage. The experimental results showed that number of nodules increased after rhizobacteria application under mineral as well as under organic fertilization irrespective of soil moisture levels. The highest effect of rhizobacteria was registered in plants under normal irrigation conditions. Experimental data find out that combined application of two rhizobacteria strains displayed synergic effect on nodules development. Thus, the results suggested that application of B. japonicum and Pseudomonas putida strains as biofertilizer contributed to enhance tolerance of soybean plants and promote nodules development under water limited conditions.
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Breica Borozan, Aurica, Despina-Maria Bordean, Gabriel Bujanca, Delia Dumbrava, and Sorina Popescu. "CONTROL OF PLANTS OF LOTUS CORNICULATUS L. ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC FREE NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/07.
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The free nitrogen fixing bacteria are able to mobilize important soil nutrients, transforming through biological processes the unusable molecular nitrogen into an active form and to improve soil fertility, influence many aspects of plant health and ensure their growth, showing interest for the scientific world and farmers. But, on the other hand, this bacterial segment may be influenced by the edaphic factors and the interconnection with the plants, the growth phase, the physiological state and the root system of the plant, by the root exudates, which demonstrates the importance of the bacterial community monitoring from the area of plants influence throughout the growing periods The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the age of the plants used as biofertilizer and soil moisture on the free nitrogen fixing bacterial communities (the genera Azotobacter and Clostridium) associated with the roots of the perennial plants of Lotus corniculatus L. There were two zones of interest, namely the area of influence of the roots of the plants (rhizosphere) but also the more distant area (edaphosphere). For the study of aerobic and anaerobic free nitrogen fixing bacteria soil samples were taken together with adjacent plants of Lotus corniculatus L. The experimental variants were located in the western part of Romania, the plants being cultivated on the same soil type, but on different plots, that were in the I-IV years of culture. The influence of Lotus corniculatus L. plants on the free nitrogen fixing bacteria has been reported in control experimental variants. Isolation and study of this bacterial group from the 8 experimental variants was performed on a specific mineral medium, favorable for the growth of the two bacterial genera. The results were evaluated after 5 and 10 days of incubation. Between the two assesments there were no noticeable differences in the nitrogen fixing bacterial community, except for the stimulatory effect observed in the control vatiant and rhizosphere of the first year culture. The plants influence on aerobic and anaerobic free nitrogen fixing bacteria was obvious in the II and IV years of the Lotus corniculatus L. culture, compared to the 76 control variants and varies substantially depending on the age of the plant. In most analyzed soil samples, both bacterial genera, Azotobacter and Clostridium were present, confirming the known ecological relation of unilateral advantage or passive stimulation of the aerobic bacteria compared to the anaerobic clostridia. Exceptions were the samples from the cultures of the first year (rhizosphere and control), but also the rhizosphere from the culture of the year II, where only anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria were detected. Our results suggested that plant-soil interactions exert control over the bacteria being studied.
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Zakiryaeva, Saidakhon, Sh Atadjanova, S. Khomidjonova, and Z. Shakirov. "Antagonistic properties of rhizobacteria in relation to phytopatogens of wheat." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.42.
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Plant protection from phytopathogens is becoming an increasingly severe problem in modern agriculture and agricultural microbiology. Today, there is a trend around the world towards an increase in the number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in agricultural soils due to the unreasonable introduction of chemical ameliorants into the soil and mismanagement in agricultural practices. This trend leads to the development of various diseases of agricultural plants, their death, a decrease in productivity, as well as a decrease in soil fertility. Therefore, in recent years, the microbiological method of plant protection has become widespread. The aim of our research was to study the antagonistic activity of rhizobacteria in relation to wheat phytopathogens. The objects of research were local active strains of phosphate and potassium-mobilizing wheat rhizobacteria of the genera Rahnella, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and phytopathogenic wheat fungi. As test cultures in determining the antagonistic properties of rhizobacteria, 6 strains of phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. tricinctum, F. avenaceum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, B. spicifera) of wheat were taken from the collection of the Institute of Genetics and Experimental Plant Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The antagonistic activity of rhizobacteria against phytopathogenic wheat fungi was studied by the well diffusion method on Czapek's medium. We have studied the antagonistic activity of rhizobacteria against phytopathogenic fungi causing various wheat diseases. The data obtained by us showed that 22 strains of rhizobacteria, of all tested, exhibit strong antagonistic activity in relation to one or another test culture. Thus, the Pseudomonas spp. 10R exhibited varying degrees of antagonistic activity against all test cultures of phytopathogens. Whereas other strains of Bacillus cereus 7R and Pseudomonas kilonensis 9R were active only against 3 phytopathogens F. graminearum, B. sorokiniana and B. spicifera, the inhibition zones was 90%. The strains of the species Rahnella aquatilis, only 2 strains No. 10 and 14 showed antagonistic activity against 2 test cultures - F. graminearum and B. spicifera, the zones of inhibition was 100%. The bacterial species Enterobacter clocae, strain No. 7 had a stronger antibiotic property. Thus, the zone of inhibition in relation to B. sorokiniana was 100%, F. graminearum and F. oxusporum - 90%, F. tricinctum - 80%. The B. megaterium 22R strain was also active against two phytopathogens, F. graminearum and F. avenaceum, the zone of inhibition was 80%. The B. subtilis 24R strain showed antagonistic activity against 5 test objects, although the zones of inhibition were insignificant, so the zone of inhibition against F. graminearum was 16 mm, F. tricinctum and B. sorokiniana - 11 mm, F. avenaceum - 20 mm, on B. spicifera - 22 mm. The P. agglomerans 1R strain showed antagonistic activity only against F. graminearum (8 mm), F. tricinctum (10 mm), and F. avenaceum (11 mm). Thus, under laboratory conditions, the antagonistic activity of wheat rhizobacteria in relation to wheat phytopathogens was determined. Pseudomonas spp. 10R, B. cereus 7R, P. kilonensis 9R, R. aquatilis 10, 14, E. clocae 7 and B. megaterium 22R bacterial strains exhibited the highest antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic wheat fungi among all the studied strains.
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Barek, Viliam, Jan Horak, Dusan Igaz, Oliver Obrocnik, and Vladimir Kiss. "STRATEGIES FOR MONITORING PLANT WATER STRESS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s13.33.
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One of the main lines of research on the impact of climate change is the study of drought and its effects on agricultural production. The aim of this study is to determine the key parameter of plant expression in relation to water stress and soil hydrophysical properties, thereby more accurately determining the need for real-time soil profile water enhancement. The research was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at the Nove Zamky experimental site, with research on royal walnut (Juglans regia L.) During the study, we closely monitored changes in branch and stem diameters of the plants using DD-S dendrometers (Ecomatic), sap flow rate was monitored using the Dynagage Trunk Gages system (Dynamax), and leaf spectral response was measured using the ASD system (FieldSpec). The values obtained were then compared with soil moisture, rainfall and air temperature data for the two irrigation treatments. The effect of water stress in the nonirrigated variants is not only to change the intensity of biomass growth in stems and branches, but also to reduce the volume of existing tissue. This change is also closely linked to changes in sap flow rate, which was also statistically confirmed in this study. Water stress reduces water uptake by the roots and decreases the sap flow rate; the tissue in the stems and branches becomes insufficiently hydrated, leading to less diameter growth than in the case of irrigated plants.
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Ganea, Anatolie. "Conservarea in situ a agrobiodiversității vegetale – factor de reușită în promovarea agriculturii durabile." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.58.
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The article gives brief information on inventorying of some crop wild relatives in the forest ecosystems of different soil-climatic zones of Republic of Moldova, and collection of accessions of the local forms of cultivated plants on farms. It was found that natural populations of 5 pilot species – wild cherry, wild pear, cornelian cherry, wild apple and hazelnut are degrading under the influence of envi-ronmental stresses. It is noted that the range of social-economic and political factors of the past 60-70 years has led to significant genetic erosion of the local gene pool of agricultural crops. Elaboration of the effective methods for in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity will facilitate the greening of agricultural production and introduction of the elements of sustainable agriculture.
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ROLBIECKI, Stanisław, Mateusz KOKOSZEWSKI, Vilda GRIBAUSKIENE, Roman ROLBIECKI, Barbara JAGOSZ, Wiesław PTACH, and Ariel ŁANGOWSKI. "EFFECT OF EXPECTED CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE WATER NEEDS OF FOREST NURSERY IN THE REGION OF CENTRAL POLAND." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.101.
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The aim of the study was to estimate the water needs of forest nursery in 2021-2050 in the region of Bydgoszcz (central Poland) basing on the predicted changes of air temperature. The forecast of average monthly air temperature for the Bydgoszcz region in 2011-2050, according to the expected climate change in Poland (SRES: A1B), was applied. The water requirements of forest nursery were determined basing on the daily water consumption for plant transpiration and field evaporation. The water needs were estimated for two types of the soil: sandy and clay, in the period from April to September for each year from 2021 to 2050. The reference period was 30 years from 1981 to 2010. According to the calculations, during 2021-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region, the forecasted water needs of forest nurseries will increase by 12-15%. In relation to the reference period and according to the expected climate changes, the water needs of forest nurseries in 2021-2050 will raise during the growing period from 427 to 489 mm on clay and from 498 to 560 mm on sandy soil. The greatest water needs, occurred in July, were 110 and 137 mm on the clay and sandy soil, respectively. Correlation and regression analysis showed that the water needs of forest nurseries in 2021-2050 will significantly increase in April by 3.3 and 3.8 mm·decade-1, and in August by 5.4 and by 6.0 mm·decade-1 on the clay and sandy soils, respectively.
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Draghici, Reta, Iulian Draghici, Aurelia Diaconu, Mihaela Croitoru, and Milica Dima. "SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN COWPEA BREEDING IN ROMANIA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/42.
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Climate change has led to drought, the expansion of desertification, loss of wetlands, loss of biodiversity, declining agricultural output and productivity. In the area of sandy soils in the southwest of Romania, where, compared to the multiannual average, the average air temperature in the May-August period increased by 1.010C and the precipitations recorded insignificant increases (5.97 mm), being very low (227. 82 mm) and unevenly distributed in relation to plant requirements. In these conditions, it is necessary to cultivate some species of plants resistant to drought and to preserve and improve some genetic resources adapted to the arid climate. For the efficient use of the microclimate in the sandy soils areas at the Dabuleni Research & Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, three genotypes of Aura 26, Ofelia, Doljana were developed, which were studied in a comparison comparative culture with Jiana variety. The production potential of the new varieties (2120-2706 kg / ha) was clearly superior to the control variety, the production differences being significant and very significant.
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Campos, Juan A., Jaime Villena, Jesus Peco, Marta Moreno, Francisco J. Garcia-Navarro, and Pablo Higueras. "DIVERSITY AND LOCATION OF PLANT SPECIES IN A MINING ENVIRONMENT: A NEW PERSPECTIVE FROM THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE SUBSTRATE." In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.37.
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The plant soil relation in an extreme environment was studied with the aim of determining the physiological and/or ecological mechanisms involved in overcoming environmental constraints. In our work we have studied different aspects such as diversity, colonization strategies, dynamics, etc. of the vegetation that appears in a mining environment. The alteration of the soil in these places comes from very varied activities in addition to the chemical peculiarities of the extracted minerals. In short, we can consider these spaces as a mosaic of different substrates originating from the contribution of exogenous material, gangue deposits, mining tailings deposits, areas partially altered by the activity of machinery, etc. We distinguished 6 different substrates that respond to different degrees of alteration of the original soil, ranging from total degradation, due to replacement by exogenous materials, to partial degradation where the original soil is more or less altered by different processes. Each of these different substrates has its geochemical peculiarities and the vegetation that develops in each of these areas responds perfectly to the conditions derived from the geochemistry of the substrate on which they grow. If we add to this that we are in a Mediterranean continental climate, with little plubiometry and a severe summer of 5 months of high temperatures and drough, and the presence of high levels of heavy metals, the study of plant cover becomes very interesting.
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Ishiki, Kenshiro, Hirokazu Tsuji, Minoru Kanechika, and Yoshinori Mihara. "Analytical Study on Fragility Evaluation With Uncertainty Against Fault Displacement for Nuclear Power Plant Buildings." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81072.
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Japan Nuclear Safety Institute had recently reported the pioneering deterministic evaluation approach for nuclear power plant under seismic induced fault displacement. But the uncertainty of fault displacement based on probabilistic hazard analysis is described to be greater than that of other natural phenomena e.g. earthquake ground motions or seismic acceleration vibration in the report. Furthermore, for plant-wide risk assessment against fault displacement hazards beyond design basis displacement level, it is seriously necessary to promote a series of fundamental studies and develop the standard procedures regarding not only accident sequence analysis but also fragility analysis of buildings and structures as well as components and piping systems. Based on the above background, the objective of this study is focusing to obtain basic fragility data for the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties of structural responses for nuclear power plant buildings against fault displacement. A number of nonlinear soil-structure finite element analyses against relatively large fault displacement are performed with the randomness of soil and building material properties, the uncertainly of contact parameters relating to friction between soil and building, and also the uncertainty of fault hazards such as fault types and geometries. Their quantitative results for fragility data are shown in this paper.
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Tsai, C. S., Ching-Shyang Chen, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Bo-Jen Chen, and J. C. Chen. "An Advanced Cap Model for Soil." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2118.
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Soil, which is a pressure-sensitive material, is frequently encountered in the engineering profession. To ensure the safety of super-structures, it is prerequisite to fully understand the mechanical behavior of soil. The stress-strain relation of soil is highly nonlinear and complex. Therefore, problems involving soil need an appropriate constitutive model to describe its stress-strain relationship. This paper presents a new cap-type constitutive law for soil. The model is prominent in the sense that it satisfies the compatibility between the failure surface and the yield cap. It has modified the classical cap model to obtain smooth yield surfaces. In addition, the model effectively describes strength variations along various directions on the octahedral plane. The model has shown to realistically simulate soil responses in experiments by 7 parameters. The proposed concept can also be extended to include as many previous models published in the past for describing various observed material behavior as it is required.
Reports on the topic "Plant soil relations"
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Chen, Yona, Jeffrey Buyer, and Yitzhak Hadar. Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere in Relation to the Iron Nutrition of Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7613020.bard.
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Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the soil, but since it forms insoluble hydroxides at neutral and basic pH, it often falls short of meeting the basic requirements of plants and microorganisms. Most aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms possess a high-affinity Fe transport system in which siderophores are excreted and the consequent Fe complex is taken up via a cognate specific receptor and a transport pathway. The role of the siderophore in Fe uptake by plants and microorganisms was the focus of this study. In this research Rhizopus arrhizus was found to produce a novel siderophore named Rhizoferrin when grown under Fe deficiency. This compound was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated. Fe-Rhizoferrin was found to alleviate Fe deficiency when applied to several plants grown in nutrient solutions. It was concluded that Fe-Rhizoferrin is the most efficient Fe source for plants when compared with other among microbial siderophores known to date and its activity equals that of the most efficient synthetic commercial iron fertilizer-Fe EDDHA. Siderophores produced by several rhizosphere organisms including Rhizopus Pseudomonas were purified. Monoclonal antibodies were produced and used to develop a method for detection of the siderophores produced by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms in barley rhizosphere. The presence of an Fe-ferrichrome uptake in fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was demonstrated, and its structural requirements were mapped in P. putida with the help of biomimetic ferrichrome analogs. Using competition experiments, it was shown that FOB, Cop B and FC share at least one common determinant in their uptake pathway. Since FC analogs did not affect FOB or Cop-mediated 55Fe uptake, it could be concluded that these siderophores make use of a different receptor(s) than FC. Therefore, recognition of Cop, FOB and FC proceeds through different receptors having different structural requirements. On the other hand, the phytosiderophores mugineic acid (MA and DMA), were utilized indirectly via ligand exchange by P. putida. Receptors from different biological systems seem to differ in their structural requirements for siderophore recognition and uptake. The design of genus- or species-specific drugs, probes or chemicals, along with an understanding of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe relationships as well as developing methods to detect siderophores using monoclonal antibodies are useful for manipulating the composition of the rhizosphere microbial population for better plant growth, Fe-nutrition and protection from diseases.
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.
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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Прилипко, Вікторія Вікторівна, and Вікторія Вікторівна Перерва. Флористична структура рослинного покриву проммайданчику Інгулецького гірничо-збагачувального комбінату. Львів, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4239.
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Ecological, biomorfical, ecology-coenotic and geographical structure of the plant groups of the industrial areas were studied taking the example of Inguletskiy OreDressing Combine. It was found out that changes of participation of ecological groups in relation to environment of life are caused by features edaphical conditions. Infringements of a vegetation and soil cause formation of groups with specific specter of biomorfs. The basic role in a vegetation of the industrial areas has of species of the ruderal coenoelement of the synantropic floroсоеnotyp.
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Прилипко, Вікторія Вікторівна, and Вікторія Вікторівна Перерва. Флористична структура рослинного покриву проммайданчику Інгулецького гірничо-збагачувального комбінату. Ін-т екології Карпат НАН України, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4235.
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Ecological, biomorfical, ecology-coenotic and geographical structure of the plant groups of the industrial areas were studied taking the example of Inguletskiy OreDressing Combine. It was found out that changes of participation of ecological groups in relation to environment of life are caused by features edaphical conditions. Infringements of a vegetation and soil cause formation of groups with specific specter of biomorfs. The basic role in a vegetation of the industrial areas has of species of the ruderal coenoelement of the synantropic floroсоеnotyp
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Tsur, Yacov, David Zilberman, Uri Shani, Amos Zemel, and David Sunding. Dynamic intraseasonal irrigation management under water scarcity, water quality, irrigation technology and environmental constraints. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696507.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In this project we studied optimal use and adoption of sophisticated irrigation technologies. The stated objectives in the original proposal were to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing intra-season timing of water application rates with implications for crop and irrigation technology selection. We proposed to base the analysis on an intra-seasonal, dynamic, agro-economic model of plants' water demand, paying special attention to contamination of groundwater and soil in intensively cultivated areas that increasingly rely on water of lesser quality. The framework developed in the project integrates (i) a bio-physical model of water flow in the vadose zone and water uptake by plants and yield response with (ii) a dynamic management model to determine the optimal intra-season irrigation policy. It consists of a dynamic optimization model to determine irrigation rates at each point of time during the growing season and aggregation relating harvested yield with accumulated water input. The detailed dynamic approach provides a description of yield production processes at the plant’s level, and serves to determine intra-season irrigation decisions. Data derived from extensive field experiments were used to calibrate the model's parameters. We use the framework to establish the substitution between irrigation technology (capital) and water inputs; this is an important property of irrigation water productivity that has been overlooked in the literature. Another important feature investigated is the possibility to substitute fresh and saline water with a minimal productivity loss. The effects of soil properties and crop characteristics on optimal technology adoption have also been studied. We find that sandy soil, with low water holding capacity, is more conducive to adoption of sophisticated drip irrigation, as compared to heavier soils in which drainage losses are significantly smaller.
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Thoma, David. Landscape phenology, vegetation condition, and relations with climate at Canyonlands National Park, 2000–2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299619.
Full textAbstract:
Quantitatively linking satellite observations of vegetation condition and climate data over time provides insight to climate influences on primary production, phenology (timing of growth), and sensitivity of vegetation to weather and longer-term patterns of weather referred to as climate. This in turn provides a basis for understanding potential climate impacts to vegetation—and the potential to anticipate cascading ecological effects—such as impacts to forage, habitat, fire potential, and erosion—as climate changes in the future. This report provides baseline information about vegetation production and condition over time at Canyonlands National Park (NP), as derived from satellite remote sensing. Its objective is to demonstrate methods of analysis, share findings, and document historic climate exposure and sensitivity of vegetation to weather and climate as a driver of vegetation change. This report represents a quantitative foundation of vegetation–climate relationships on an annual timestep. The methods can be modified to finer temporal resolution and other spatial scales if further analyses are needed to inform park planning and management. The knowledge provided in this report can inform vulnerability assessments for Climate Smart Conservation planning by park managers. Patterns of pivot points and responses can serve as a guide to anticipate what, where, when, and why vegetation change may occur. For this analysis, vegetation alliance groups were derived from vegetation-map polygons (Von Loh et al. 2007) by lumping vegetation types expected to respond similarly to climate. Relationships between vegetation production and phenology were evaluated for each alliance map unit larger than a satellite pixel (~300 × 300 m). We used a water-balance model to characterize the climate experienced by plants. Water balance translates temperature and precipitation into more biophysically relevant climate metrics, such as soil moisture and drought stress, that are often more strongly correlated with vegetation condition than temperature or precipitation are. By accounting for the interactions between temperature, precipitation, and site characteristics, water balance helps make regional climate assessments relevant to local scales. The results provide a foundation for interpreting weather and climate as a driver of changes in primary production over a 20-year period at the polygon and alliance-group scale. Additionally, they demonstrate how vegetation type and site characteristics, such as soil properties, slope, and aspect, interact with climate at local scales to determine trends in vegetation condition. This report quantitatively defines critical water needs of vegetation and identifies which alliance types, in which locations, may be most susceptible to climate-change impacts in the future. Finally, this report explains how findings can be used in the Climate Smart Conservation framework, with scenario planning, to help manage park resources through transitions imposed by climate change.
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Thoma, David. Landscape phenology, vegetation condition, and relations with climate at Capitol Reef National Park, 2000–2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297289.
Full textAbstract:
Quantitatively linking satellite observations of vegetation condition and climate data over time provides insight to climate influences on primary production, phenology (timing of growth), and sensitivity of vegetation to weather and longer-term patterns of weather referred to as climate. This in turn provides a basis for understanding potential climate impacts to vegetation—and the potential to anticipate cascading ecological effects, such as impacts to forage, habitat, fire potential, and erosion, as climate changes in the future. This report provides baseline information about vegetation production and condition over time at Capitol Reef National Park (NP), as derived from satellite remote sensing. Its objective is to demonstrate methods of analysis, share findings, and document historic climate exposure and sensitivity of vegetation to weather and climate as a driver of vegetation change. This report represents a quantitative foundation of vegetation–climate relationships on an annual timestep. The methods can be modified to finer temporal resolution and other spatial scales if further analyses are needed to inform park planning and management. The knowledge provided in this report can inform vulnerability assessments for Climate Smart Conservation planning by park managers. Patterns of pivot points and responses can serve as a guide to anticipate what, where, when, and why vegetation change may occur. For this analysis, vegetation alliance groups were derived from vegetation-map polygons (Von Loh et al. 2007) by lumping vegetation types expected to respond similarly to climate. Relationships between vegetation production and phenology were evaluated for each alliance map unit larger than a satellite pixel (~300 × 300 m). We used a water-balance model to characterize the climate experienced by plants. Water balance translates temperature and precipitation into more biophysically relevant climate metrics, such as soil moisture and drought stress, that are often more strongly correlated with vegetation condition than temperature or precipitation are. By accounting for the interactions between temperature, precipitation, and site characteristics, water balance helps make regional climate assessments relevant to local scales. The results provide a foundation for interpreting weather and climate as a driver of changes in primary production over a 20-year period at the polygon and alliance-group scale. Additionally, they demonstrate how vegetation type and site characteristics, such as soil properties, slope, and aspect, interact with climate at local scales to determine trends in vegetation condition. This report quantitatively defines critical water needs of vegetation and identifies which alliance types, in which locations, may be most susceptible to climate-change impacts in the future. Finally, this report explains how findings can be used in the Climate Smart Conservation framework, with scenario planning, to help manage park resources through transitions imposed by climate change.
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Lieth, J. Heiner, Michael Raviv, and David W. Burger. Effects of root zone temperature, oxygen concentration, and moisture content on actual vs. potential growth of greenhouse crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586547.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Soilless crop production in protected cultivation requires optimization of many environmental and plant variables. Variables of the root zone (rhizosphere) have always been difficult to characterize but have been studied extensively. In soilless production the opportunity exists to optimize these variables in relation to crop production. The project objectives were to model the relationship between biomass production and the rhizosphere variables: temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and water availability by characterizing potential growth and how this translates to actual growth. As part of this we sought to improve of our understanding of root growth and rhizosphere processes by generating data on the effect of rhizosphere water status, temperature and dissolved oxygen on root growth, modeling potential and actual growth and by developing and calibrating models for various physical and chemical properties in soilless production systems. In particular we sought to use calorimetry to identify potential growth of the plants in relation to these rhizosphere variables. While we did experimental work on various crops, our main model system for the mathematical modeling work was greenhouse cut-flower rose production in soil-less cultivation. In support of this, our objective was the development of a Rose crop model. Specific to this project we sought to create submodels for the rhizosphere processes, integrate these into the rose crop simulation model which we had begun developing prior to the start of this project. We also sought to verify and validate any such models and where feasible create tools that growers could be used for production management. We made significant progress with regard to the use of microcalorimetry. At both locations (Israel and US) we demonstrated that specific growth rate for root and flower stem biomass production were sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Our work also identified that it is possible to identify optimal potential growth scenarios and that for greenhouse-grown rose the optimal root zone temperature for potential growth is around 17 C (substantially lower than is common in commercial greenhouses) while flower production growth potential was indifferent to a range as wide as 17-26C in the root zone. We had several set-backs that highlighted to us the fact that work needs to be done to identify when microcalorimetric research relates to instantaneous plant responses to the environment and when it relates to plant acclimation. One outcome of this research has been our determination that irrigation technology in soilless production systems needs to explicitly include optimization of oxygen in the root zone. Simply structuring the root zone to be “well aerated” is not the most optimal approach, but rather a minimum level. Our future work will focus on implementing direct control over dissolved oxygen in the root zone of soilless production systems.
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Fagúndez, Jaime, Laura Lagos, José Antonio Cortés Vázquez, and Flávia Canastra. Galician Wild Ponies. Socio-Economic Context and Environmental Benefits: Galicia Area Report and Case Study for GrazeLIFE (LIFE18 PRE NL 002). Publishing Service-University of A Coruña, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498234.
Full textAbstract:
The University of A Coruña is partner of the GRAZELIFE LIFE preparatory project (LIFE 18 PRE/NL002). We contributed to the main aim of the project of promoting sustainable grazing by large herbivores, with the study of the particular case of Galician wild ponies as a natural grazing semi-wild land use model, and alternative land uses of short and long-term afforestation, extensive grazing and abandonment. We selected two sub-areas in Galicia representing different situations in dominant land uses and the wild ponies’ system. Xistral, in the north, is a protected Natura 2000 site covered by wet heaths and bogs, ponies are owned by commoners that are mainly cattle farmers. Groba, in the south, is a drier area with dominance of forestry use and high frequency of wildfires, where ponies are owned by non-professional farmers. We performed twenty personal semi-structured interviews with pony owners, land owners and related experts from different sectors (afforestation, tourism, conservation NGOs), and performed two focus groups. We discussed topics such as their relation with ponies, the challenges they face, their demands and feelings on the policies, including CAP subsidies or compensations for wolf attacks, and their expectations for the future. In the field, we selected representative stands of each land use model in each sub-area and performed a systematic record of plant species, measures of plant biomass, and collected soil samples. Measures were used as proxies of biodiversity changes, carbon storage and wildfire risk, to compare between the selected models.
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Fagúndez, Jaime, Laura Lagos, José Antonio Cortés Vázquez, and Flávia Canastra. Galician Wild Ponies. Socio-Economic Context and Environmental Benefits: Galicia Area Report and Case Study for GrazeLIFE (LIFE18 PRE NL 002). Publishing Service-University of A Coruña, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498241.
Full textAbstract:
The University of A Coruña is partner of the GRAZELIFE LIFE preparatory project (LIFE 18 PRE/NL002). We contributed to the main aim of the project of promoting sustainable grazing by large herbivores, with the study of the particular case of Galician wild ponies as a natural grazing semi-wild land use model, and alternative land uses of short and long-term afforestation, extensive grazing and abandonment. We selected two sub-areas in Galicia representing different situations in dominant land uses and the wild ponies’ system. Xistral, in the north, is a protected Natura 2000 site covered by wet heaths and bogs, ponies are owned by commoners that are mainly cattle farmers. Groba, in the south, is a drier area with dominance of forestry use and high frequency of wildfires, where ponies are owned by non-professional farmers. We performed twenty personal semi-structured interviews with pony owners, land owners and related experts from different sectors (afforestation, tourism, conservation NGOs), and performed two focus groups. We discussed topics such as their relation with ponies, the challenges they face, their demands and feelings on the policies, including CAP subsidies or compensations for wolf attacks, and their expectations for the future. In the field, we selected representative stands of each land use model in each sub-area and performed a systematic record of plant species, measures of plant biomass, and collected soil samples. Measures were used as proxies of biodiversity changes, carbon storage and wildfire risk, to compare between the selected models.